#page6 — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #page6, aggregated by home.social.
-
#BoilerManual #ProtectingPressureParts #Section10 #Page6
these circuits will not exceed 1000 F, provided the leakage rate does not exceed 3%. If a tube leak is detected, the boiler should be shutdown as soon as normal operating conditions permit. Operating with a known leak can be dangerous as well as costly. If the leak is in the burner area, it can cause loss of ignition and possibly an explosion on re-ignition. Operating with a leak can also cause extensive damage and failure of other tubes by eroding adjacent tubes and by altering flow distribution enough to result in wide-spread overheat failures.
Tube failures may be detected in several ways. If the leak is large, a loss of water from the system may be detected, either as high makeup or as a discrepancy in feedwater flow to steam flow. If the leak is in the furnace, it will often be seen as an unusual increase in riser temperatures.
SHUTDOWN AND STORAGE
Proper shutdown and storage procedures can also help protect the pressure parts against thermal stress and corrosion. Soot should be blown whenever possible immediately prior to shutting down. This will help remove corrosive deposits from the tube surfaces. The fuel/air ratio and furnace conditions should be closely monitored at low loads for explosion prevention.
The normal shutdown procedure would be to reduce load to minimum feedwater flow with the turbine valves, and then lower turbine loading with the bypass system. Minimum FW flow must be maintained at all times in the furnace and convection pass enclosure circuits. The bypass system should be in the startup mode for maximum heat recovery in the feedwater heaters. The rate of change of fluid temperature at the convection pass outlet should be limited to 200 F/hr and SSH tube leg temperatures closely monitored. Below 10% of rated steam flow, the gas temperature at the thermoprobes should be limited to 1000 F. The turbine and boiler should be tripped at minimum turbine loading and the
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #ProtectingPressureParts #Section10 #Page6
these circuits will not exceed 1000 F, provided the leakage rate does not exceed 3%. If a tube leak is detected, the boiler should be shutdown as soon as normal operating conditions permit. Operating with a known leak can be dangerous as well as costly. If the leak is in the burner area, it can cause loss of ignition and possibly an explosion on re-ignition. Operating with a leak can also cause extensive damage and failure of other tubes by eroding adjacent tubes and by altering flow distribution enough to result in wide-spread overheat failures.
Tube failures may be detected in several ways. If the leak is large, a loss of water from the system may be detected, either as high makeup or as a discrepancy in feedwater flow to steam flow. If the leak is in the furnace, it will often be seen as an unusual increase in riser temperatures.
SHUTDOWN AND STORAGE
Proper shutdown and storage procedures can also help protect the pressure parts against thermal stress and corrosion. Soot should be blown whenever possible immediately prior to shutting down. This will help remove corrosive deposits from the tube surfaces. The fuel/air ratio and furnace conditions should be closely monitored at low loads for explosion prevention.
The normal shutdown procedure would be to reduce load to minimum feedwater flow with the turbine valves, and then lower turbine loading with the bypass system. Minimum FW flow must be maintained at all times in the furnace and convection pass enclosure circuits. The bypass system should be in the startup mode for maximum heat recovery in the feedwater heaters. The rate of change of fluid temperature at the convection pass outlet should be limited to 200 F/hr and SSH tube leg temperatures closely monitored. Below 10% of rated steam flow, the gas temperature at the thermoprobes should be limited to 1000 F. The turbine and boiler should be tripped at minimum turbine loading and the
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #ProtectingPressureParts #Section10 #Page6
these circuits will not exceed 1000 F, provided the leakage rate does not exceed 3%. If a tube leak is detected, the boiler should be shutdown as soon as normal operating conditions permit. Operating with a known leak can be dangerous as well as costly. If the leak is in the burner area, it can cause loss of ignition and possibly an explosion on re-ignition. Operating with a leak can also cause extensive damage and failure of other tubes by eroding adjacent tubes and by altering flow distribution enough to result in wide-spread overheat failures.
Tube failures may be detected in several ways. If the leak is large, a loss of water from the system may be detected, either as high makeup or as a discrepancy in feedwater flow to steam flow. If the leak is in the furnace, it will often be seen as an unusual increase in riser temperatures.
SHUTDOWN AND STORAGE
Proper shutdown and storage procedures can also help protect the pressure parts against thermal stress and corrosion. Soot should be blown whenever possible immediately prior to shutting down. This will help remove corrosive deposits from the tube surfaces. The fuel/air ratio and furnace conditions should be closely monitored at low loads for explosion prevention.
The normal shutdown procedure would be to reduce load to minimum feedwater flow with the turbine valves, and then lower turbine loading with the bypass system. Minimum FW flow must be maintained at all times in the furnace and convection pass enclosure circuits. The bypass system should be in the startup mode for maximum heat recovery in the feedwater heaters. The rate of change of fluid temperature at the convection pass outlet should be limited to 200 F/hr and SSH tube leg temperatures closely monitored. Below 10% of rated steam flow, the gas temperature at the thermoprobes should be limited to 1000 F. The turbine and boiler should be tripped at minimum turbine loading and the
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #ProtectingPressureParts #Section10 #Page6
these circuits will not exceed 1000 F, provided the leakage rate does not exceed 3%. If a tube leak is detected, the boiler should be shutdown as soon as normal operating conditions permit. Operating with a known leak can be dangerous as well as costly. If the leak is in the burner area, it can cause loss of ignition and possibly an explosion on re-ignition. Operating with a leak can also cause extensive damage and failure of other tubes by eroding adjacent tubes and by altering flow distribution enough to result in wide-spread overheat failures.
Tube failures may be detected in several ways. If the leak is large, a loss of water from the system may be detected, either as high makeup or as a discrepancy in feedwater flow to steam flow. If the leak is in the furnace, it will often be seen as an unusual increase in riser temperatures.
SHUTDOWN AND STORAGE
Proper shutdown and storage procedures can also help protect the pressure parts against thermal stress and corrosion. Soot should be blown whenever possible immediately prior to shutting down. This will help remove corrosive deposits from the tube surfaces. The fuel/air ratio and furnace conditions should be closely monitored at low loads for explosion prevention.
The normal shutdown procedure would be to reduce load to minimum feedwater flow with the turbine valves, and then lower turbine loading with the bypass system. Minimum FW flow must be maintained at all times in the furnace and convection pass enclosure circuits. The bypass system should be in the startup mode for maximum heat recovery in the feedwater heaters. The rate of change of fluid temperature at the convection pass outlet should be limited to 200 F/hr and SSH tube leg temperatures closely monitored. Below 10% of rated steam flow, the gas temperature at the thermoprobes should be limited to 1000 F. The turbine and boiler should be tripped at minimum turbine loading and the
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #ProtectingPressureParts #Section10 #Page6
these circuits will not exceed 1000 F, provided the leakage rate does not exceed 3%. If a tube leak is detected, the boiler should be shutdown as soon as normal operating conditions permit. Operating with a known leak can be dangerous as well as costly. If the leak is in the burner area, it can cause loss of ignition and possibly an explosion on re-ignition. Operating with a leak can also cause extensive damage and failure of other tubes by eroding adjacent tubes and by altering flow distribution enough to result in wide-spread overheat failures.
Tube failures may be detected in several ways. If the leak is large, a loss of water from the system may be detected, either as high makeup or as a discrepancy in feedwater flow to steam flow. If the leak is in the furnace, it will often be seen as an unusual increase in riser temperatures.
SHUTDOWN AND STORAGE
Proper shutdown and storage procedures can also help protect the pressure parts against thermal stress and corrosion. Soot should be blown whenever possible immediately prior to shutting down. This will help remove corrosive deposits from the tube surfaces. The fuel/air ratio and furnace conditions should be closely monitored at low loads for explosion prevention.
The normal shutdown procedure would be to reduce load to minimum feedwater flow with the turbine valves, and then lower turbine loading with the bypass system. Minimum FW flow must be maintained at all times in the furnace and convection pass enclosure circuits. The bypass system should be in the startup mode for maximum heat recovery in the feedwater heaters. The rate of change of fluid temperature at the convection pass outlet should be limited to 200 F/hr and SSH tube leg temperatures closely monitored. Below 10% of rated steam flow, the gas temperature at the thermoprobes should be limited to 1000 F. The turbine and boiler should be tripped at minimum turbine loading and the
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #OptimizingCombustion #Section9 #Page6
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = This image isn't labeled but it has appeared in the manual twice before: as Fig. 14 in Section 2 on page 15, and as Fig. 1 in Section 4 on page 2. It's the poor quality phototype image of a cyclone's innards, with all the same labels as appeared in the other two cases. -
#BoilerManual #OptimizingCombustion #Section9 #Page6
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = This image isn't labeled but it has appeared in the manual twice before: as Fig. 14 in Section 2 on page 15, and as Fig. 1 in Section 4 on page 2. It's the poor quality phototype image of a cyclone's innards, with all the same labels as appeared in the other two cases. -
#BoilerManual #OptimizingCombustion #Section9 #Page6
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = This image isn't labeled but it has appeared in the manual twice before: as Fig. 14 in Section 2 on page 15, and as Fig. 1 in Section 4 on page 2. It's the poor quality phototype image of a cyclone's innards, with all the same labels as appeared in the other two cases. -
#BoilerManual #OptimizingCombustion #Section9 #Page6
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = This image isn't labeled but it has appeared in the manual twice before: as Fig. 14 in Section 2 on page 15, and as Fig. 1 in Section 4 on page 2. It's the poor quality phototype image of a cyclone's innards, with all the same labels as appeared in the other two cases. -
#BoilerManual #OptimizingCombustion #Section9 #Page6
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = This image isn't labeled but it has appeared in the manual twice before: as Fig. 14 in Section 2 on page 15, and as Fig. 1 in Section 4 on page 2. It's the poor quality phototype image of a cyclone's innards, with all the same labels as appeared in the other two cases. -
#BoilerManual #Ramping #Section8 #Page6
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 4 Ramping -- Completing superheater pressurization. Image is just like the others, sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, but with the focus on the superheaters et al. Please refer to the main text for details. -
#BoilerManual #Ramping #Section8 #Page6
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 4 Ramping -- Completing superheater pressurization. Image is just like the others, sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, but with the focus on the superheaters et al. Please refer to the main text for details. -
#BoilerManual #Ramping #Section8 #Page6
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 4 Ramping -- Completing superheater pressurization. Image is just like the others, sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, but with the focus on the superheaters et al. Please refer to the main text for details. -
#BoilerManual #Ramping #Section8 #Page6
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 4 Ramping -- Completing superheater pressurization. Image is just like the others, sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, but with the focus on the superheaters et al. Please refer to the main text for details. -
#BoilerManual #Ramping #Section8 #Page6
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 4 Ramping -- Completing superheater pressurization. Image is just like the others, sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, but with the focus on the superheaters et al. Please refer to the main text for details. -
#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page6
required. Flashtank steam is used first to warm, roll and load the turbine. Any excess steam is used for deaeration and feedwater heating. Excess flashtank drain flow and steam flow goes to the condenser.
As the system is warmed up and sufficient heat becomes available, flashtank pressure is increased to its maximum operating value. At synchronous speed or initial electrical load, the turbine control valves are slowly throttled while the turbine stop valve is slowly opened.
Pressurization - Ramping
When the turbine control valves are at their normal minimum load flow full-pressure position, flashtank steam can be replaced with boiler steam by opening the pressure reducing valve in the bypass around the boiler stop valve. This increases the superheater pressure and the flow to the turbine.
During the initial pressurization period, flashtank steam to the secondary superheater is replaced with high pressure steam through the pressure reducing valve. During this period, the control of steam temperature is very important. This is accomplished by increasing firing at a rate relative to the increase in gross generator megawatt output. The pressure reducing valve is opened at a controlled rate to prevent steam temperature excursions.
When flow to the turbine is equal to minimum boiler design flow, the valves to the
flashtank are closed and the bypass is out-of-service. Steam flow to the turbine is then equal to feedwater flow to the boiler.Let's discuss the cold cleanup, hot cleanup and startup modes of operation in greater detail. The pressurization portion of the startup will be discussed in greater detail in the Ramping section of this manual.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page6
required. Flashtank steam is used first to warm, roll and load the turbine. Any excess steam is used for deaeration and feedwater heating. Excess flashtank drain flow and steam flow goes to the condenser.
As the system is warmed up and sufficient heat becomes available, flashtank pressure is increased to its maximum operating value. At synchronous speed or initial electrical load, the turbine control valves are slowly throttled while the turbine stop valve is slowly opened.
Pressurization - Ramping
When the turbine control valves are at their normal minimum load flow full-pressure position, flashtank steam can be replaced with boiler steam by opening the pressure reducing valve in the bypass around the boiler stop valve. This increases the superheater pressure and the flow to the turbine.
During the initial pressurization period, flashtank steam to the secondary superheater is replaced with high pressure steam through the pressure reducing valve. During this period, the control of steam temperature is very important. This is accomplished by increasing firing at a rate relative to the increase in gross generator megawatt output. The pressure reducing valve is opened at a controlled rate to prevent steam temperature excursions.
When flow to the turbine is equal to minimum boiler design flow, the valves to the
flashtank are closed and the bypass is out-of-service. Steam flow to the turbine is then equal to feedwater flow to the boiler.Let's discuss the cold cleanup, hot cleanup and startup modes of operation in greater detail. The pressurization portion of the startup will be discussed in greater detail in the Ramping section of this manual.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page6
required. Flashtank steam is used first to warm, roll and load the turbine. Any excess steam is used for deaeration and feedwater heating. Excess flashtank drain flow and steam flow goes to the condenser.
As the system is warmed up and sufficient heat becomes available, flashtank pressure is increased to its maximum operating value. At synchronous speed or initial electrical load, the turbine control valves are slowly throttled while the turbine stop valve is slowly opened.
Pressurization - Ramping
When the turbine control valves are at their normal minimum load flow full-pressure position, flashtank steam can be replaced with boiler steam by opening the pressure reducing valve in the bypass around the boiler stop valve. This increases the superheater pressure and the flow to the turbine.
During the initial pressurization period, flashtank steam to the secondary superheater is replaced with high pressure steam through the pressure reducing valve. During this period, the control of steam temperature is very important. This is accomplished by increasing firing at a rate relative to the increase in gross generator megawatt output. The pressure reducing valve is opened at a controlled rate to prevent steam temperature excursions.
When flow to the turbine is equal to minimum boiler design flow, the valves to the
flashtank are closed and the bypass is out-of-service. Steam flow to the turbine is then equal to feedwater flow to the boiler.Let's discuss the cold cleanup, hot cleanup and startup modes of operation in greater detail. The pressurization portion of the startup will be discussed in greater detail in the Ramping section of this manual.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page6
required. Flashtank steam is used first to warm, roll and load the turbine. Any excess steam is used for deaeration and feedwater heating. Excess flashtank drain flow and steam flow goes to the condenser.
As the system is warmed up and sufficient heat becomes available, flashtank pressure is increased to its maximum operating value. At synchronous speed or initial electrical load, the turbine control valves are slowly throttled while the turbine stop valve is slowly opened.
Pressurization - Ramping
When the turbine control valves are at their normal minimum load flow full-pressure position, flashtank steam can be replaced with boiler steam by opening the pressure reducing valve in the bypass around the boiler stop valve. This increases the superheater pressure and the flow to the turbine.
During the initial pressurization period, flashtank steam to the secondary superheater is replaced with high pressure steam through the pressure reducing valve. During this period, the control of steam temperature is very important. This is accomplished by increasing firing at a rate relative to the increase in gross generator megawatt output. The pressure reducing valve is opened at a controlled rate to prevent steam temperature excursions.
When flow to the turbine is equal to minimum boiler design flow, the valves to the
flashtank are closed and the bypass is out-of-service. Steam flow to the turbine is then equal to feedwater flow to the boiler.Let's discuss the cold cleanup, hot cleanup and startup modes of operation in greater detail. The pressurization portion of the startup will be discussed in greater detail in the Ramping section of this manual.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page6
required. Flashtank steam is used first to warm, roll and load the turbine. Any excess steam is used for deaeration and feedwater heating. Excess flashtank drain flow and steam flow goes to the condenser.
As the system is warmed up and sufficient heat becomes available, flashtank pressure is increased to its maximum operating value. At synchronous speed or initial electrical load, the turbine control valves are slowly throttled while the turbine stop valve is slowly opened.
Pressurization - Ramping
When the turbine control valves are at their normal minimum load flow full-pressure position, flashtank steam can be replaced with boiler steam by opening the pressure reducing valve in the bypass around the boiler stop valve. This increases the superheater pressure and the flow to the turbine.
During the initial pressurization period, flashtank steam to the secondary superheater is replaced with high pressure steam through the pressure reducing valve. During this period, the control of steam temperature is very important. This is accomplished by increasing firing at a rate relative to the increase in gross generator megawatt output. The pressure reducing valve is opened at a controlled rate to prevent steam temperature excursions.
When flow to the turbine is equal to minimum boiler design flow, the valves to the
flashtank are closed and the bypass is out-of-service. Steam flow to the turbine is then equal to feedwater flow to the boiler.Let's discuss the cold cleanup, hot cleanup and startup modes of operation in greater detail. The pressurization portion of the startup will be discussed in greater detail in the Ramping section of this manual.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #CycloneOperation #Section6 #Page6
1. Conditions of burner equipment, such as the open or closed position of a damper.
2. Conditions of devices within the system, such as the operation of a delay timer.
3. Conditions of operator controls, such as the initiation of the start of a cyclone.
The logic diagrams which follow are simplified versions of the reasoning process by which the burner control system arrives at its decisions and either initiates an action or communicates to the operator, or both. Each path represents a train of thought, taking into consideration factors which will affect its conclusion. The system may be divided into two general categories of equipment: operator controls and logic cabinets.
The Operator Controls consist of the following items:
a) Remote Common Station
The remote common station, Figure 2, consists of one pushbutton module, located in the control room.b) Remote Cyclone Station
Each cyclone control station, Figure 3, contains two pushbutton modules, located in the control room.c) Test Switches and Indicators
The following switches and indicators are on a per cyclone basis. They are located in systems cabinet four.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------ -
#BoilerManual #CycloneOperation #Section6 #Page6
1. Conditions of burner equipment, such as the open or closed position of a damper.
2. Conditions of devices within the system, such as the operation of a delay timer.
3. Conditions of operator controls, such as the initiation of the start of a cyclone.
The logic diagrams which follow are simplified versions of the reasoning process by which the burner control system arrives at its decisions and either initiates an action or communicates to the operator, or both. Each path represents a train of thought, taking into consideration factors which will affect its conclusion. The system may be divided into two general categories of equipment: operator controls and logic cabinets.
The Operator Controls consist of the following items:
a) Remote Common Station
The remote common station, Figure 2, consists of one pushbutton module, located in the control room.b) Remote Cyclone Station
Each cyclone control station, Figure 3, contains two pushbutton modules, located in the control room.c) Test Switches and Indicators
The following switches and indicators are on a per cyclone basis. They are located in systems cabinet four.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------ -
#BoilerManual #CycloneOperation #Section6 #Page6
1. Conditions of burner equipment, such as the open or closed position of a damper.
2. Conditions of devices within the system, such as the operation of a delay timer.
3. Conditions of operator controls, such as the initiation of the start of a cyclone.
The logic diagrams which follow are simplified versions of the reasoning process by which the burner control system arrives at its decisions and either initiates an action or communicates to the operator, or both. Each path represents a train of thought, taking into consideration factors which will affect its conclusion. The system may be divided into two general categories of equipment: operator controls and logic cabinets.
The Operator Controls consist of the following items:
a) Remote Common Station
The remote common station, Figure 2, consists of one pushbutton module, located in the control room.b) Remote Cyclone Station
Each cyclone control station, Figure 3, contains two pushbutton modules, located in the control room.c) Test Switches and Indicators
The following switches and indicators are on a per cyclone basis. They are located in systems cabinet four.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------ -
#BoilerManual #CycloneOperation #Section6 #Page6
1. Conditions of burner equipment, such as the open or closed position of a damper.
2. Conditions of devices within the system, such as the operation of a delay timer.
3. Conditions of operator controls, such as the initiation of the start of a cyclone.
The logic diagrams which follow are simplified versions of the reasoning process by which the burner control system arrives at its decisions and either initiates an action or communicates to the operator, or both. Each path represents a train of thought, taking into consideration factors which will affect its conclusion. The system may be divided into two general categories of equipment: operator controls and logic cabinets.
The Operator Controls consist of the following items:
a) Remote Common Station
The remote common station, Figure 2, consists of one pushbutton module, located in the control room.b) Remote Cyclone Station
Each cyclone control station, Figure 3, contains two pushbutton modules, located in the control room.c) Test Switches and Indicators
The following switches and indicators are on a per cyclone basis. They are located in systems cabinet four.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------ -
#BoilerManual #CycloneOperation #Section6 #Page6
1. Conditions of burner equipment, such as the open or closed position of a damper.
2. Conditions of devices within the system, such as the operation of a delay timer.
3. Conditions of operator controls, such as the initiation of the start of a cyclone.
The logic diagrams which follow are simplified versions of the reasoning process by which the burner control system arrives at its decisions and either initiates an action or communicates to the operator, or both. Each path represents a train of thought, taking into consideration factors which will affect its conclusion. The system may be divided into two general categories of equipment: operator controls and logic cabinets.
The Operator Controls consist of the following items:
a) Remote Common Station
The remote common station, Figure 2, consists of one pushbutton module, located in the control room.b) Remote Cyclone Station
Each cyclone control station, Figure 3, contains two pushbutton modules, located in the control room.c) Test Switches and Indicators
The following switches and indicators are on a per cyclone basis. They are located in systems cabinet four.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------ -
#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page6
from the radial burner end and discharge through the slag tap opening to the boiler furnace. Once on the furnace floor, slag is tapped through the monkeys into the water-cooled slag tank. The slag is solidified and disintegrated for disposal.
* Both the re-entrant throat and slag tap are formed as an integral part of the furnace wall.
13. Secondary Air Inlet (Figures 1, 2, 5, & 6) - 77-84% of the total air to the cyclone is introduced tangentially at the roof of the cyclone main barrel, and in the same direction as the coal and primary air mixture at the radial burner. Secondary air imparts a further whirling or centrifugal action to the coal particles while completing combustion.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 4 Cyclone re-entrant throat tubes (cyclone side). This image is identical to Section 2's Fig. 15 on page 17, labeled Cyclone circuitry -- (re-entrant throat). Its parts are marked identically. It shows a complex drawing of the tubing skeleton of a cyclone with the neck facing forward at an angle. Across the top, lef to right, are pointed out the Re-entrant throat outlet header, Plane of the furnace wall tubes and re-entrant throat outlet header. Surrounding the neck in the middle is pointed out the Re-entrant throat. Across the bottom, left to right, is pointed out the Re-entrant throat inlet header, the Furnace sidewall tubes, the Cyclone inlet header (above which is the Slag tap. Then Re-entrant throat inlet header. -
#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page6
from the radial burner end and discharge through the slag tap opening to the boiler furnace. Once on the furnace floor, slag is tapped through the monkeys into the water-cooled slag tank. The slag is solidified and disintegrated for disposal.
* Both the re-entrant throat and slag tap are formed as an integral part of the furnace wall.
13. Secondary Air Inlet (Figures 1, 2, 5, & 6) - 77-84% of the total air to the cyclone is introduced tangentially at the roof of the cyclone main barrel, and in the same direction as the coal and primary air mixture at the radial burner. Secondary air imparts a further whirling or centrifugal action to the coal particles while completing combustion.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 4 Cyclone re-entrant throat tubes (cyclone side). This image is identical to Section 2's Fig. 15 on page 17, labeled Cyclone circuitry -- (re-entrant throat). Its parts are marked identically. It shows a complex drawing of the tubing skeleton of a cyclone with the neck facing forward at an angle. Across the top, lef to right, are pointed out the Re-entrant throat outlet header, Plane of the furnace wall tubes and re-entrant throat outlet header. Surrounding the neck in the middle is pointed out the Re-entrant throat. Across the bottom, left to right, is pointed out the Re-entrant throat inlet header, the Furnace sidewall tubes, the Cyclone inlet header (above which is the Slag tap. Then Re-entrant throat inlet header. -
#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page6
from the radial burner end and discharge through the slag tap opening to the boiler furnace. Once on the furnace floor, slag is tapped through the monkeys into the water-cooled slag tank. The slag is solidified and disintegrated for disposal.
* Both the re-entrant throat and slag tap are formed as an integral part of the furnace wall.
13. Secondary Air Inlet (Figures 1, 2, 5, & 6) - 77-84% of the total air to the cyclone is introduced tangentially at the roof of the cyclone main barrel, and in the same direction as the coal and primary air mixture at the radial burner. Secondary air imparts a further whirling or centrifugal action to the coal particles while completing combustion.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 4 Cyclone re-entrant throat tubes (cyclone side). This image is identical to Section 2's Fig. 15 on page 17, labeled Cyclone circuitry -- (re-entrant throat). Its parts are marked identically. It shows a complex drawing of the tubing skeleton of a cyclone with the neck facing forward at an angle. Across the top, lef to right, are pointed out the Re-entrant throat outlet header, Plane of the furnace wall tubes and re-entrant throat outlet header. Surrounding the neck in the middle is pointed out the Re-entrant throat. Across the bottom, left to right, is pointed out the Re-entrant throat inlet header, the Furnace sidewall tubes, the Cyclone inlet header (above which is the Slag tap. Then Re-entrant throat inlet header. -
#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page6
from the radial burner end and discharge through the slag tap opening to the boiler furnace. Once on the furnace floor, slag is tapped through the monkeys into the water-cooled slag tank. The slag is solidified and disintegrated for disposal.
* Both the re-entrant throat and slag tap are formed as an integral part of the furnace wall.
13. Secondary Air Inlet (Figures 1, 2, 5, & 6) - 77-84% of the total air to the cyclone is introduced tangentially at the roof of the cyclone main barrel, and in the same direction as the coal and primary air mixture at the radial burner. Secondary air imparts a further whirling or centrifugal action to the coal particles while completing combustion.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 4 Cyclone re-entrant throat tubes (cyclone side). This image is identical to Section 2's Fig. 15 on page 17, labeled Cyclone circuitry -- (re-entrant throat). Its parts are marked identically. It shows a complex drawing of the tubing skeleton of a cyclone with the neck facing forward at an angle. Across the top, lef to right, are pointed out the Re-entrant throat outlet header, Plane of the furnace wall tubes and re-entrant throat outlet header. Surrounding the neck in the middle is pointed out the Re-entrant throat. Across the bottom, left to right, is pointed out the Re-entrant throat inlet header, the Furnace sidewall tubes, the Cyclone inlet header (above which is the Slag tap. Then Re-entrant throat inlet header. -
#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page6
from the radial burner end and discharge through the slag tap opening to the boiler furnace. Once on the furnace floor, slag is tapped through the monkeys into the water-cooled slag tank. The slag is solidified and disintegrated for disposal.
* Both the re-entrant throat and slag tap are formed as an integral part of the furnace wall.
13. Secondary Air Inlet (Figures 1, 2, 5, & 6) - 77-84% of the total air to the cyclone is introduced tangentially at the roof of the cyclone main barrel, and in the same direction as the coal and primary air mixture at the radial burner. Secondary air imparts a further whirling or centrifugal action to the coal particles while completing combustion.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 4 Cyclone re-entrant throat tubes (cyclone side). This image is identical to Section 2's Fig. 15 on page 17, labeled Cyclone circuitry -- (re-entrant throat). Its parts are marked identically. It shows a complex drawing of the tubing skeleton of a cyclone with the neck facing forward at an angle. Across the top, lef to right, are pointed out the Re-entrant throat outlet header, Plane of the furnace wall tubes and re-entrant throat outlet header. Surrounding the neck in the middle is pointed out the Re-entrant throat. Across the bottom, left to right, is pointed out the Re-entrant throat inlet header, the Furnace sidewall tubes, the Cyclone inlet header (above which is the Slag tap. Then Re-entrant throat inlet header. -
#BoilerManual #Lighters #Section4 #Page6
4. Purge complete.
5. Lighter oil pressure is greater than 150 psi.
6. No cyclone in start or stop sequence.
During the start sequence, the lighters are extended to the firing position, the ignition transformers are energized, and the oil is turned on. Operations of the various valves and switches are described as follows. Refer to Figures 4 through 7 for schematic representations of each sequence.
Start
With the initiation of the start circuit, solenoid valves 8A and 8C and the ignition transformers are energized. The local indicator light cylinder and oil fill will light on the control package. Figure 3.
Lighter Inserted
Air from solenoid valve 8A shifts valve 41 (cylinder control valve) to the firing position. Air passes from valve 41 to the air cylinders and moves the lighters to their firing position. The rate of travel of the cylinders can be controlled by adjusting the speed control valves on the exhaust side of the air cylinder. The exhaust air is vented back through valve 41.
Interlock valves are located at the inlet and outlet airways to the cylinder. Mechanical stops actuate the interlock valves, depending upon the lighter position (inserted or retracted).
When the lighters reach their extended or firing position, the mechanical stops open the extended interlock valve. Air from the interlock valve
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #Lighters #Section4 #Page6
4. Purge complete.
5. Lighter oil pressure is greater than 150 psi.
6. No cyclone in start or stop sequence.
During the start sequence, the lighters are extended to the firing position, the ignition transformers are energized, and the oil is turned on. Operations of the various valves and switches are described as follows. Refer to Figures 4 through 7 for schematic representations of each sequence.
Start
With the initiation of the start circuit, solenoid valves 8A and 8C and the ignition transformers are energized. The local indicator light cylinder and oil fill will light on the control package. Figure 3.
Lighter Inserted
Air from solenoid valve 8A shifts valve 41 (cylinder control valve) to the firing position. Air passes from valve 41 to the air cylinders and moves the lighters to their firing position. The rate of travel of the cylinders can be controlled by adjusting the speed control valves on the exhaust side of the air cylinder. The exhaust air is vented back through valve 41.
Interlock valves are located at the inlet and outlet airways to the cylinder. Mechanical stops actuate the interlock valves, depending upon the lighter position (inserted or retracted).
When the lighters reach their extended or firing position, the mechanical stops open the extended interlock valve. Air from the interlock valve
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #Lighters #Section4 #Page6
4. Purge complete.
5. Lighter oil pressure is greater than 150 psi.
6. No cyclone in start or stop sequence.
During the start sequence, the lighters are extended to the firing position, the ignition transformers are energized, and the oil is turned on. Operations of the various valves and switches are described as follows. Refer to Figures 4 through 7 for schematic representations of each sequence.
Start
With the initiation of the start circuit, solenoid valves 8A and 8C and the ignition transformers are energized. The local indicator light cylinder and oil fill will light on the control package. Figure 3.
Lighter Inserted
Air from solenoid valve 8A shifts valve 41 (cylinder control valve) to the firing position. Air passes from valve 41 to the air cylinders and moves the lighters to their firing position. The rate of travel of the cylinders can be controlled by adjusting the speed control valves on the exhaust side of the air cylinder. The exhaust air is vented back through valve 41.
Interlock valves are located at the inlet and outlet airways to the cylinder. Mechanical stops actuate the interlock valves, depending upon the lighter position (inserted or retracted).
When the lighters reach their extended or firing position, the mechanical stops open the extended interlock valve. Air from the interlock valve
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #Lighters #Section4 #Page6
4. Purge complete.
5. Lighter oil pressure is greater than 150 psi.
6. No cyclone in start or stop sequence.
During the start sequence, the lighters are extended to the firing position, the ignition transformers are energized, and the oil is turned on. Operations of the various valves and switches are described as follows. Refer to Figures 4 through 7 for schematic representations of each sequence.
Start
With the initiation of the start circuit, solenoid valves 8A and 8C and the ignition transformers are energized. The local indicator light cylinder and oil fill will light on the control package. Figure 3.
Lighter Inserted
Air from solenoid valve 8A shifts valve 41 (cylinder control valve) to the firing position. Air passes from valve 41 to the air cylinders and moves the lighters to their firing position. The rate of travel of the cylinders can be controlled by adjusting the speed control valves on the exhaust side of the air cylinder. The exhaust air is vented back through valve 41.
Interlock valves are located at the inlet and outlet airways to the cylinder. Mechanical stops actuate the interlock valves, depending upon the lighter position (inserted or retracted).
When the lighters reach their extended or firing position, the mechanical stops open the extended interlock valve. Air from the interlock valve
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #Lighters #Section4 #Page6
4. Purge complete.
5. Lighter oil pressure is greater than 150 psi.
6. No cyclone in start or stop sequence.
During the start sequence, the lighters are extended to the firing position, the ignition transformers are energized, and the oil is turned on. Operations of the various valves and switches are described as follows. Refer to Figures 4 through 7 for schematic representations of each sequence.
Start
With the initiation of the start circuit, solenoid valves 8A and 8C and the ignition transformers are energized. The local indicator light cylinder and oil fill will light on the control package. Figure 3.
Lighter Inserted
Air from solenoid valve 8A shifts valve 41 (cylinder control valve) to the firing position. Air passes from valve 41 to the air cylinders and moves the lighters to their firing position. The rate of travel of the cylinders can be controlled by adjusting the speed control valves on the exhaust side of the air cylinder. The exhaust air is vented back through valve 41.
Interlock valves are located at the inlet and outlet airways to the cylinder. Mechanical stops actuate the interlock valves, depending upon the lighter position (inserted or retracted).
When the lighters reach their extended or firing position, the mechanical stops open the extended interlock valve. Air from the interlock valve
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #AirAndGasFlow #Section3 #Page6
operating speed is reached, amps return to normal and the inlet control vanes are regulated to obtain the desired level of flow.
Since the rotor is driven at a constant speed, dampers are used to control air flow. Both the inlet vanes, and the outlet damper should be closed when the fan is started. The discharge dampers should always be closed when the fan is out-of-service to prevent backflow from the system.
After long periods of operation a fan may begin to operate roughly, vibrating more than normal. Fan vibration is usually due to uneven wear or rotor buildup, which causes imbalances in the rotor. For reliable operation the fan should be checked regularly for excessive vibration and the fan should be rebalanced according to manufacturer's specification. If specific fan manufacturer instructions are not available, the graph shown in Figure 3 may serve as a guide in identifying unacceptable levels of vibration. {My comment: as boilers get older and it's the case that a manufacturer has long gone out of business, there's likely to be no supply of replacement parts that will fit the equipment. One power plant which got demolished, I was told, was already running with safety waivers until it could run no more. As Maintenance Dept. used to say, "you can't fly without supply".}
The combustion (secondary) air leaves the forced draft fans and goes to individual glycol {you know this stuff as "anti-freeze"} coil air preheaters. A common duct at the outlet of the air preheater coils helps equalize pressure and flow. The air flows through associated ductwork to the tubular air heater and then to the cyclone windbox, (Figure 4). The windbox is a large distribution chamber which wraps around the boiler. Its function is to distribute air evenly to the cyclones.
The cyclone burner arrangement and windbox is illustrated in Figure 5. There are seven (7) cyclone burners on both the front and rear furnace walls. The cyclones are positioned in two rows, with three (3) cyclones in the upper row and four (4) cyclones in the lower row.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #AirAndGasFlow #Section3 #Page6
operating speed is reached, amps return to normal and the inlet control vanes are regulated to obtain the desired level of flow.
Since the rotor is driven at a constant speed, dampers are used to control air flow. Both the inlet vanes, and the outlet damper should be closed when the fan is started. The discharge dampers should always be closed when the fan is out-of-service to prevent backflow from the system.
After long periods of operation a fan may begin to operate roughly, vibrating more than normal. Fan vibration is usually due to uneven wear or rotor buildup, which causes imbalances in the rotor. For reliable operation the fan should be checked regularly for excessive vibration and the fan should be rebalanced according to manufacturer's specification. If specific fan manufacturer instructions are not available, the graph shown in Figure 3 may serve as a guide in identifying unacceptable levels of vibration. {My comment: as boilers get older and it's the case that a manufacturer has long gone out of business, there's likely to be no supply of replacement parts that will fit the equipment. One power plant which got demolished, I was told, was already running with safety waivers until it could run no more. As Maintenance Dept. used to say, "you can't fly without supply".}
The combustion (secondary) air leaves the forced draft fans and goes to individual glycol {you know this stuff as "anti-freeze"} coil air preheaters. A common duct at the outlet of the air preheater coils helps equalize pressure and flow. The air flows through associated ductwork to the tubular air heater and then to the cyclone windbox, (Figure 4). The windbox is a large distribution chamber which wraps around the boiler. Its function is to distribute air evenly to the cyclones.
The cyclone burner arrangement and windbox is illustrated in Figure 5. There are seven (7) cyclone burners on both the front and rear furnace walls. The cyclones are positioned in two rows, with three (3) cyclones in the upper row and four (4) cyclones in the lower row.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #AirAndGasFlow #Section3 #Page6
operating speed is reached, amps return to normal and the inlet control vanes are regulated to obtain the desired level of flow.
Since the rotor is driven at a constant speed, dampers are used to control air flow. Both the inlet vanes, and the outlet damper should be closed when the fan is started. The discharge dampers should always be closed when the fan is out-of-service to prevent backflow from the system.
After long periods of operation a fan may begin to operate roughly, vibrating more than normal. Fan vibration is usually due to uneven wear or rotor buildup, which causes imbalances in the rotor. For reliable operation the fan should be checked regularly for excessive vibration and the fan should be rebalanced according to manufacturer's specification. If specific fan manufacturer instructions are not available, the graph shown in Figure 3 may serve as a guide in identifying unacceptable levels of vibration. {My comment: as boilers get older and it's the case that a manufacturer has long gone out of business, there's likely to be no supply of replacement parts that will fit the equipment. One power plant which got demolished, I was told, was already running with safety waivers until it could run no more. As Maintenance Dept. used to say, "you can't fly without supply".}
The combustion (secondary) air leaves the forced draft fans and goes to individual glycol {you know this stuff as "anti-freeze"} coil air preheaters. A common duct at the outlet of the air preheater coils helps equalize pressure and flow. The air flows through associated ductwork to the tubular air heater and then to the cyclone windbox, (Figure 4). The windbox is a large distribution chamber which wraps around the boiler. Its function is to distribute air evenly to the cyclones.
The cyclone burner arrangement and windbox is illustrated in Figure 5. There are seven (7) cyclone burners on both the front and rear furnace walls. The cyclones are positioned in two rows, with three (3) cyclones in the upper row and four (4) cyclones in the lower row.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #AirAndGasFlow #Section3 #Page6
operating speed is reached, amps return to normal and the inlet control vanes are regulated to obtain the desired level of flow.
Since the rotor is driven at a constant speed, dampers are used to control air flow. Both the inlet vanes, and the outlet damper should be closed when the fan is started. The discharge dampers should always be closed when the fan is out-of-service to prevent backflow from the system.
After long periods of operation a fan may begin to operate roughly, vibrating more than normal. Fan vibration is usually due to uneven wear or rotor buildup, which causes imbalances in the rotor. For reliable operation the fan should be checked regularly for excessive vibration and the fan should be rebalanced according to manufacturer's specification. If specific fan manufacturer instructions are not available, the graph shown in Figure 3 may serve as a guide in identifying unacceptable levels of vibration. {My comment: as boilers get older and it's the case that a manufacturer has long gone out of business, there's likely to be no supply of replacement parts that will fit the equipment. One power plant which got demolished, I was told, was already running with safety waivers until it could run no more. As Maintenance Dept. used to say, "you can't fly without supply".}
The combustion (secondary) air leaves the forced draft fans and goes to individual glycol {you know this stuff as "anti-freeze"} coil air preheaters. A common duct at the outlet of the air preheater coils helps equalize pressure and flow. The air flows through associated ductwork to the tubular air heater and then to the cyclone windbox, (Figure 4). The windbox is a large distribution chamber which wraps around the boiler. Its function is to distribute air evenly to the cyclones.
The cyclone burner arrangement and windbox is illustrated in Figure 5. There are seven (7) cyclone burners on both the front and rear furnace walls. The cyclones are positioned in two rows, with three (3) cyclones in the upper row and four (4) cyclones in the lower row.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #AirAndGasFlow #Section3 #Page6
operating speed is reached, amps return to normal and the inlet control vanes are regulated to obtain the desired level of flow.
Since the rotor is driven at a constant speed, dampers are used to control air flow. Both the inlet vanes, and the outlet damper should be closed when the fan is started. The discharge dampers should always be closed when the fan is out-of-service to prevent backflow from the system.
After long periods of operation a fan may begin to operate roughly, vibrating more than normal. Fan vibration is usually due to uneven wear or rotor buildup, which causes imbalances in the rotor. For reliable operation the fan should be checked regularly for excessive vibration and the fan should be rebalanced according to manufacturer's specification. If specific fan manufacturer instructions are not available, the graph shown in Figure 3 may serve as a guide in identifying unacceptable levels of vibration. {My comment: as boilers get older and it's the case that a manufacturer has long gone out of business, there's likely to be no supply of replacement parts that will fit the equipment. One power plant which got demolished, I was told, was already running with safety waivers until it could run no more. As Maintenance Dept. used to say, "you can't fly without supply".}
The combustion (secondary) air leaves the forced draft fans and goes to individual glycol {you know this stuff as "anti-freeze"} coil air preheaters. A common duct at the outlet of the air preheater coils helps equalize pressure and flow. The air flows through associated ductwork to the tubular air heater and then to the cyclone windbox, (Figure 4). The windbox is a large distribution chamber which wraps around the boiler. Its function is to distribute air evenly to the cyclones.
The cyclone burner arrangement and windbox is illustrated in Figure 5. There are seven (7) cyclone burners on both the front and rear furnace walls. The cyclones are positioned in two rows, with three (3) cyclones in the upper row and four (4) cyclones in the lower row.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
-
#BoilerManual #FluidCirculation #Section2 #Page6
Initially there is no pressure in the drum. As the water is heated, a low quality steam begins to be generated in the furnace. This is shown in Figure 7. Drump pressure increases as the fluid is heated (as enthalpy increases). When normal opeating pressure is reached, 2,000 psi in the example, pressure is held constant by removing as much steam as is generated. Point A shows the actual enthalpy of the steam/water mixture. The steam and water are separated in the drum. Point B showsthe enthalpy of the water that is returned to the furnace. Point C shows the enthalpy of the steam leaving the drum. Notice that all these points are at the same temperature.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Figure 6 labeled Natural circulation principle. The graph is laid out with x axis representingDensity of steam and water -- lb/cu. ft increasing by increments of 10, and the y axis increasing in increments of 5 in terms of Pressure -- 100 psi. A solid curve represents Saturated steam while dotted lines represent, in top down order, Mean downcomer density and Mean riser density; there's an arrow between the two pointing out Density differential. -
#BoilerManual #FluidCirculation #Section2 #Page6
Initially there is no pressure in the drum. As the water is heated, a low quality steam begins to be generated in the furnace. This is shown in Figure 7. Drump pressure increases as the fluid is heated (as enthalpy increases). When normal opeating pressure is reached, 2,000 psi in the example, pressure is held constant by removing as much steam as is generated. Point A shows the actual enthalpy of the steam/water mixture. The steam and water are separated in the drum. Point B showsthe enthalpy of the water that is returned to the furnace. Point C shows the enthalpy of the steam leaving the drum. Notice that all these points are at the same temperature.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Figure 6 labeled Natural circulation principle. The graph is laid out with x axis representingDensity of steam and water -- lb/cu. ft increasing by increments of 10, and the y axis increasing in increments of 5 in terms of Pressure -- 100 psi. A solid curve represents Saturated steam while dotted lines represent, in top down order, Mean downcomer density and Mean riser density; there's an arrow between the two pointing out Density differential. -
#BoilerManual #FluidCirculation #Section2 #Page6
Initially there is no pressure in the drum. As the water is heated, a low quality steam begins to be generated in the furnace. This is shown in Figure 7. Drump pressure increases as the fluid is heated (as enthalpy increases). When normal opeating pressure is reached, 2,000 psi in the example, pressure is held constant by removing as much steam as is generated. Point A shows the actual enthalpy of the steam/water mixture. The steam and water are separated in the drum. Point B showsthe enthalpy of the water that is returned to the furnace. Point C shows the enthalpy of the steam leaving the drum. Notice that all these points are at the same temperature.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Figure 6 labeled Natural circulation principle. The graph is laid out with x axis representingDensity of steam and water -- lb/cu. ft increasing by increments of 10, and the y axis increasing in increments of 5 in terms of Pressure -- 100 psi. A solid curve represents Saturated steam while dotted lines represent, in top down order, Mean downcomer density and Mean riser density; there's an arrow between the two pointing out Density differential. -
#BoilerManual #FluidCirculation #Section2 #Page6
Initially there is no pressure in the drum. As the water is heated, a low quality steam begins to be generated in the furnace. This is shown in Figure 7. Drump pressure increases as the fluid is heated (as enthalpy increases). When normal opeating pressure is reached, 2,000 psi in the example, pressure is held constant by removing as much steam as is generated. Point A shows the actual enthalpy of the steam/water mixture. The steam and water are separated in the drum. Point B showsthe enthalpy of the water that is returned to the furnace. Point C shows the enthalpy of the steam leaving the drum. Notice that all these points are at the same temperature.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Figure 6 labeled Natural circulation principle. The graph is laid out with x axis representingDensity of steam and water -- lb/cu. ft increasing by increments of 10, and the y axis increasing in increments of 5 in terms of Pressure -- 100 psi. A solid curve represents Saturated steam while dotted lines represent, in top down order, Mean downcomer density and Mean riser density; there's an arrow between the two pointing out Density differential. -
#BoilerManual #FluidCirculation #Section2 #Page6
Initially there is no pressure in the drum. As the water is heated, a low quality steam begins to be generated in the furnace. This is shown in Figure 7. Drump pressure increases as the fluid is heated (as enthalpy increases). When normal opeating pressure is reached, 2,000 psi in the example, pressure is held constant by removing as much steam as is generated. Point A shows the actual enthalpy of the steam/water mixture. The steam and water are separated in the drum. Point B showsthe enthalpy of the water that is returned to the furnace. Point C shows the enthalpy of the steam leaving the drum. Notice that all these points are at the same temperature.
-------------------------------------------------- 6 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Figure 6 labeled Natural circulation principle. The graph is laid out with x axis representingDensity of steam and water -- lb/cu. ft increasing by increments of 10, and the y axis increasing in increments of 5 in terms of Pressure -- 100 psi. A solid curve represents Saturated steam while dotted lines represent, in top down order, Mean downcomer density and Mean riser density; there's an arrow between the two pointing out Density differential. -
@Su_G #BoilerManual #UnitDescription #Section1 #Page6 is mostly block diagram so an image of the whole page is better posted here, with alt text.
-------------------------------------------------- 6------------------------------------------------------Alt = Left side of diagram is a column of 4 blocks labeled FUEL FLOW; in descending order are blocks labeled "Mine", "Yard", "Bunker", and "Feeder" with a flow arrow pointing at the bottom block in the middle column labeled "Cyclone".
The center column is labeled AIR FLOW with, in descending order, 2 blocks with the top block ("F.D. Fan") pointing to the second block ("Air heater") but the second block points to the third column's third block, as well as to the center's 2 center blocks set side-by-side (from right to left "Secondary air" and ""Primary & tertiary air"), each of those in turn pointing down to the block labeled "Cyclone".
Third column (right side) is labeled GAS FLOW with six blocks total but in 2 groups of 3. Top 3 group of blocks, in top-down order, are "Stack", I.D Fan", and "Precipitator"--the last block of which is pointed to by the second block ("Air heater") in the middle column. The bottom set of 3 blocks on the right side are "Economizer", "Convection pass", and "Furnace"--first block of which ("Economizer") points to the middle column's block "Air heater". The middle column's bottom block "Cyclone" points to the right column's block "Furnace". At the bottom the image is labeled "Fig. 2 Boiler material streams (fuel-air-gas)." Below Figure 2 is the following text:
MATERIAL STREAMS
1. Fuel flow
2. Air and gas flow
3. Fluid flow - water/steam -
@Su_G #BoilerManual #UnitDescription #Section1 #Page6 is mostly block diagram so an image of the whole page is better posted here, with alt text.
-------------------------------------------------- 6------------------------------------------------------Alt = Left side of diagram is a column of 4 blocks labeled FUEL FLOW; in descending order are blocks labeled "Mine", "Yard", "Bunker", and "Feeder" with a flow arrow pointing at the bottom block in the middle column labeled "Cyclone".
The center column is labeled AIR FLOW with, in descending order, 2 blocks with the top block ("F.D. Fan") pointing to the second block ("Air heater") but the second block points to the third column's third block, as well as to the center's 2 center blocks set side-by-side (from right to left "Secondary air" and ""Primary & tertiary air"), each of those in turn pointing down to the block labeled "Cyclone".
Third column (right side) is labeled GAS FLOW with six blocks total but in 2 groups of 3. Top 3 group of blocks, in top-down order, are "Stack", I.D Fan", and "Precipitator"--the last block of which is pointed to by the second block ("Air heater") in the middle column. The bottom set of 3 blocks on the right side are "Economizer", "Convection pass", and "Furnace"--first block of which ("Economizer") points to the middle column's block "Air heater". The middle column's bottom block "Cyclone" points to the right column's block "Furnace". At the bottom the image is labeled "Fig. 2 Boiler material streams (fuel-air-gas)." Below Figure 2 is the following text:
MATERIAL STREAMS
1. Fuel flow
2. Air and gas flow
3. Fluid flow - water/steam -
@Su_G #BoilerManual #UnitDescription #Section1 #Page6 is mostly block diagram so an image of the whole page is better posted here, with alt text.
-------------------------------------------------- 6------------------------------------------------------Alt = Left side of diagram is a column of 4 blocks labeled FUEL FLOW; in descending order are blocks labeled "Mine", "Yard", "Bunker", and "Feeder" with a flow arrow pointing at the bottom block in the middle column labeled "Cyclone".
The center column is labeled AIR FLOW with, in descending order, 2 blocks with the top block ("F.D. Fan") pointing to the second block ("Air heater") but the second block points to the third column's third block, as well as to the center's 2 center blocks set side-by-side (from right to left "Secondary air" and ""Primary & tertiary air"), each of those in turn pointing down to the block labeled "Cyclone".
Third column (right side) is labeled GAS FLOW with six blocks total but in 2 groups of 3. Top 3 group of blocks, in top-down order, are "Stack", I.D Fan", and "Precipitator"--the last block of which is pointed to by the second block ("Air heater") in the middle column. The bottom set of 3 blocks on the right side are "Economizer", "Convection pass", and "Furnace"--first block of which ("Economizer") points to the middle column's block "Air heater". The middle column's bottom block "Cyclone" points to the right column's block "Furnace". At the bottom the image is labeled "Fig. 2 Boiler material streams (fuel-air-gas)." Below Figure 2 is the following text:
MATERIAL STREAMS
1. Fuel flow
2. Air and gas flow
3. Fluid flow - water/steam -
@Su_G #BoilerManual #UnitDescription #Section1 #Page6 is mostly block diagram so an image of the whole page is better posted here, with alt text.
-------------------------------------------------- 6------------------------------------------------------Alt = Left side of diagram is a column of 4 blocks labeled FUEL FLOW; in descending order are blocks labeled "Mine", "Yard", "Bunker", and "Feeder" with a flow arrow pointing at the bottom block in the middle column labeled "Cyclone".
The center column is labeled AIR FLOW with, in descending order, 2 blocks with the top block ("F.D. Fan") pointing to the second block ("Air heater") but the second block points to the third column's third block, as well as to the center's 2 center blocks set side-by-side (from right to left "Secondary air" and ""Primary & tertiary air"), each of those in turn pointing down to the block labeled "Cyclone".
Third column (right side) is labeled GAS FLOW with six blocks total but in 2 groups of 3. Top 3 group of blocks, in top-down order, are "Stack", I.D Fan", and "Precipitator"--the last block of which is pointed to by the second block ("Air heater") in the middle column. The bottom set of 3 blocks on the right side are "Economizer", "Convection pass", and "Furnace"--first block of which ("Economizer") points to the middle column's block "Air heater". The middle column's bottom block "Cyclone" points to the right column's block "Furnace". At the bottom the image is labeled "Fig. 2 Boiler material streams (fuel-air-gas)." Below Figure 2 is the following text:
MATERIAL STREAMS
1. Fuel flow
2. Air and gas flow
3. Fluid flow - water/steam -
@Su_G #BoilerManual #UnitDescription #Section1 #Page6 is mostly block diagram so an image of the whole page is better posted here, with alt text.
-------------------------------------------------- 6------------------------------------------------------Alt = Left side of diagram is a column of 4 blocks labeled FUEL FLOW; in descending order are blocks labeled "Mine", "Yard", "Bunker", and "Feeder" with a flow arrow pointing at the bottom block in the middle column labeled "Cyclone".
The center column is labeled AIR FLOW with, in descending order, 2 blocks with the top block ("F.D. Fan") pointing to the second block ("Air heater") but the second block points to the third column's third block, as well as to the center's 2 center blocks set side-by-side (from right to left "Secondary air" and ""Primary & tertiary air"), each of those in turn pointing down to the block labeled "Cyclone".
Third column (right side) is labeled GAS FLOW with six blocks total but in 2 groups of 3. Top 3 group of blocks, in top-down order, are "Stack", I.D Fan", and "Precipitator"--the last block of which is pointed to by the second block ("Air heater") in the middle column. The bottom set of 3 blocks on the right side are "Economizer", "Convection pass", and "Furnace"--first block of which ("Economizer") points to the middle column's block "Air heater". The middle column's bottom block "Cyclone" points to the right column's block "Furnace". At the bottom the image is labeled "Fig. 2 Boiler material streams (fuel-air-gas)." Below Figure 2 is the following text:
MATERIAL STREAMS
1. Fuel flow
2. Air and gas flow
3. Fluid flow - water/steam -
Page 6 Public Domain Atari ST Archives
Quick intro this time, because I don't really know much about the Atari ST, but there's a huge trove of public domain software for it from the archives of Page 6, as well as magazine archives!Now that's what a website should look like!
Page 6: Atari ST software collection - magazine archives
https://setsideb.com/page-6-public-domain-atari-st-archives/
#retro #atari #atarist #magazine #page6 #publicdomain #retro #retrocomputing #software
