#section7 — Public Fediverse posts

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page23

6. Startup can begin only when feedwater iron content is under 100 parts per billion (ppb).

7. In the startup phase, staem is sent to the deaerator for pressurization, and to the high pressure heaters for heat recovery. SSteam was also admitted to the secondary superheater and turbine. By the end of startup, all boiler components have steam flowing through them.

8. Ramping is the fourth and final stage of boiler startup. During the ramping stage, pressure, temperature and flow of the steam is brought up to 33% load. Once ramping is complete, the unit no longer needs the bypass system.

9. If iron content is low enough after cold cleanup, then hot cleanup is unnecessary. Feedwater iron content must be below 100 parts per billion (ppb) before startup is begun.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page23

6. Startup can begin only when feedwater iron content is under 100 parts per billion (ppb).

7. In the startup phase, staem is sent to the deaerator for pressurization, and to the high pressure heaters for heat recovery. SSteam was also admitted to the secondary superheater and turbine. By the end of startup, all boiler components have steam flowing through them.

8. Ramping is the fourth and final stage of boiler startup. During the ramping stage, pressure, temperature and flow of the steam is brought up to 33% load. Once ramping is complete, the unit no longer needs the bypass system.

9. If iron content is low enough after cold cleanup, then hot cleanup is unnecessary. Feedwater iron content must be below 100 parts per billion (ppb) before startup is begun.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page22

Answers for bypass system

1. Before universal pressure boilers can be fired, a minimum feedwater flow must be established. This is accomplished by the use of the bypass system.

2. The four modes of boiler operation are:

.......... 1. ___Cold Cleanup_______________

.......... 2. ___Hot Cleanup________________

.......... 3. ___Startup____________________

.......... 4. ___Ramping___________________

3. The cold cleanup mode is used to start water circulating through the system. As the name implies, it also provides a time for water cleanup before firing the boiler. Boiler feedwater should be circulated until cation conductivity is less than one micromho.

4. The cold cleanup mode begins by pumping water through the unit, bringing it up to 33% of full load flow. Valves for the superheaters and turbines should be closed. Water should be directed to the high pressure heaters, the economizer, the furnace tubes, the convection pass, and the flashtank. From the flashtank, the water is sent to the condenser and condensate polisher for water cleanup and back to the feed pump.

5. Hot cleanup is very similar to the cold cleanup phase. A major difference is that in hot cleanup, the unit is fired. This means that steam is being generated. Also in hot cleanup, steam is admitted to the primary superheater. Another difference is that since steam is being produced and sent to the flashtank, the 242 valve was allowed to open. This flashtank steam control valve helps control steam pressure in the flashtank and also provides heat recovery in the high pressure heaters and deaerator.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page22

Answers for bypass system

1. Before universal pressure boilers can be fired, a minimum feedwater flow must be established. This is accomplished by the use of the bypass system.

2. The four modes of boiler operation are:

.......... 1. ___Cold Cleanup_______________

.......... 2. ___Hot Cleanup________________

.......... 3. ___Startup____________________

.......... 4. ___Ramping___________________

3. The cold cleanup mode is used to start water circulating through the system. As the name implies, it also provides a time for water cleanup before firing the boiler. Boiler feedwater should be circulated until cation conductivity is less than one micromho.

4. The cold cleanup mode begins by pumping water through the unit, bringing it up to 33% of full load flow. Valves for the superheaters and turbines should be closed. Water should be directed to the high pressure heaters, the economizer, the furnace tubes, the convection pass, and the flashtank. From the flashtank, the water is sent to the condenser and condensate polisher for water cleanup and back to the feed pump.

5. Hot cleanup is very similar to the cold cleanup phase. A major difference is that in hot cleanup, the unit is fired. This means that steam is being generated. Also in hot cleanup, steam is admitted to the primary superheater. Another difference is that since steam is being produced and sent to the flashtank, the 242 valve was allowed to open. This flashtank steam control valve helps control steam pressure in the flashtank and also provides heat recovery in the high pressure heaters and deaerator.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page21

8. What is the ramping stage of boiler startup?

9. When can the hot cleanup phase be eliminated from the startup procedure?

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page21

8. What is the ramping stage of boiler startup?

9. When can the hot cleanup phase be eliminated from the startup procedure?

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page20

Questions for bypass system

1. Why is a bypass system needed for the universal pressure boiler?

2. Name the four different phases or modes of boiler operation during the bypass
system.

.......... 1. ________________________________

.......... 2. ________________________________

.......... 3. ________________________________

.......... 4. ________________________________

3. What are the main purposes of cold cleanup?

4. Briefly describe the cold cleanup mode of the boiler startup.

5. Briefly describe the hot cleanup phase.

6. When can the startup phase begin?

7. Briefly describe the startup phase.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page20

Questions for bypass system

1. Why is a bypass system needed for the universal pressure boiler?

2. Name the four different phases or modes of boiler operation during the bypass
system.

.......... 1. ________________________________

.......... 2. ________________________________

.......... 3. ________________________________

.......... 4. ________________________________

3. What are the main purposes of cold cleanup?

4. Briefly describe the cold cleanup mode of the boiler startup.

5. Briefly describe the hot cleanup phase.

6. When can the startup phase begin?

7. Briefly describe the startup phase.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page19

recovery. When the capacity of the 220 valve has been exhausted, valve 240 will open and pass steam to the condenser as required to maintain flashtank pressure.

Flashtank pressure reaches its setpoint of 500 psi. Steam flow through the SSH increases to approximately 4% of full load flow and is admitted to the turbine for rolling to synchronous speed.

As increased flashtank steam becomes available, the high pressure heater steam control valve, 220, will open. The high pressure heater will reach an operating pressure of 450 psi. Heater drains return flow to the condenser. At this point, the main steam line drain valve, MS-2, can be closed.

Throughout the warmup period, it is very important to monitor the water quality. If the proper water quality is not obtained, ti will be necessary to initiate a hold in the startup.

We have discussed the various stages of t he startup Bypass System from initial circulation to rolling of the turbine. The remaining portion of startup ramping will be discussed in a following section.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page19

recovery. When the capacity of the 220 valve has been exhausted, valve 240 will open and pass steam to the condenser as required to maintain flashtank pressure.

Flashtank pressure reaches its setpoint of 500 psi. Steam flow through the SSH increases to approximately 4% of full load flow and is admitted to the turbine for rolling to synchronous speed.

As increased flashtank steam becomes available, the high pressure heater steam control valve, 220, will open. The high pressure heater will reach an operating pressure of 450 psi. Heater drains return flow to the condenser. At this point, the main steam line drain valve, MS-2, can be closed.

Throughout the warmup period, it is very important to monitor the water quality. If the proper water quality is not obtained, ti will be necessary to initiate a hold in the startup.

We have discussed the various stages of t he startup Bypass System from initial circulation to rolling of the turbine. The remaining portion of startup ramping will be discussed in a following section.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page18

Flashtank level will be established when the temperature of the fluid reaches 298 F. Valve 241 drains to the condenser and maintains flashtank level about -3" below centerline. This valve modulates between wide open at +1" and fully closed at -7". Flow and firing continues to increase flashtank pressure. Flow and firing continues to increase flashtank pressure. When flashtank pressure reaches 120 psi and a level has been established, the steam line block valve, 242, will open. At this point the deaerator steam pegging valve, 231, will control deaerator pressure at 42 psi. With the deaerator pegged at 42 psi by flashtank steam all flashtank drain flow is diverted to the condenser for polishing and water cleanup.

Flow and firing continues as before. When the fluid temperature at the boiler outlet reaches 300 F the boiler pressure is increased on a controlled ramp to 2550 psi. Pressure is controlled by the PSH bypass valve, 202. The SSH bypass valve, 207, will open to a minimum position and control the fluid temperature to 700 F at the PSH outlet. Before exceeding a fluid temperature of 550 F at the PSH bypass, 202, the feedwater iron content should not exceed 100 ppb.

When the flashtank pressure reaches 300 pis the low pressure stop valve, 205, will open to permit approximately 2% of full load steam to flow to the SSH for steam line warming. Since it is a stop check valve, it will close when the superheater pressure is higher than flashtank pressure. Minimum flow through the SSH is established using the turbine stop valve above seat drain, steam to boiler feed pump drains, and the main steam line drain valve, MS-2. After the steam line is warmed, flashtank pressure will continue to rise to its setpoint pressure which is determined by turbine throttle set point and controlled, first by steam control valves to the heaters, and second by the flashtank overpressure control valve which sends excess steam to the condenser.

The high pressure heater steam control valve, 220, is permitted to open when flashtank pressure reaches its setpoint (500 psi). Steam is discharged from flashtank to the "G" high pressure heaters for heat

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page18

Flashtank level will be established when the temperature of the fluid reaches 298 F. Valve 241 drains to the condenser and maintains flashtank level about -3" below centerline. This valve modulates between wide open at +1" and fully closed at -7". Flow and firing continues to increase flashtank pressure. Flow and firing continues to increase flashtank pressure. When flashtank pressure reaches 120 psi and a level has been established, the steam line block valve, 242, will open. At this point the deaerator steam pegging valve, 231, will control deaerator pressure at 42 psi. With the deaerator pegged at 42 psi by flashtank steam all flashtank drain flow is diverted to the condenser for polishing and water cleanup.

Flow and firing continues as before. When the fluid temperature at the boiler outlet reaches 300 F the boiler pressure is increased on a controlled ramp to 2550 psi. Pressure is controlled by the PSH bypass valve, 202. The SSH bypass valve, 207, will open to a minimum position and control the fluid temperature to 700 F at the PSH outlet. Before exceeding a fluid temperature of 550 F at the PSH bypass, 202, the feedwater iron content should not exceed 100 ppb.

When the flashtank pressure reaches 300 pis the low pressure stop valve, 205, will open to permit approximately 2% of full load steam to flow to the SSH for steam line warming. Since it is a stop check valve, it will close when the superheater pressure is higher than flashtank pressure. Minimum flow through the SSH is established using the turbine stop valve above seat drain, steam to boiler feed pump drains, and the main steam line drain valve, MS-2. After the steam line is warmed, flashtank pressure will continue to rise to its setpoint pressure which is determined by turbine throttle set point and controlled, first by steam control valves to the heaters, and second by the flashtank overpressure control valve which sends excess steam to the condenser.

The high pressure heater steam control valve, 220, is permitted to open when flashtank pressure reaches its setpoint (500 psi). Steam is discharged from flashtank to the "G" high pressure heaters for heat

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page17

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4F Startup -- Turbine synchronized. Image is sideways, of course, with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, and resembles the others in this series but at this point the system as a whole is involved, with focus on the turbine. Please see the main text for details.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page17

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4F Startup -- Turbine synchronized. Image is sideways, of course, with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, and resembles the others in this series but at this point the system as a whole is involved, with focus on the turbine. Please see the main text for details.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page16

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4E Startup -- Turbine rolling. As before, this image is sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge and resembles the others in this series with the difference being that valve status has changed, focus is on the turbine, best described in the main text.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page16

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4E Startup -- Turbine rolling. As before, this image is sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge and resembles the others in this series with the difference being that valve status has changed, focus is on the turbine, best described in the main text.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page15

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4D Startup -- Steam line warming. This image is sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge and is best described in the main text when it refers to this image. The Secondary Suprheater is now involved.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page15

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4D Startup -- Steam line warming. This image is sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge and is best described in the main text when it refers to this image. The Secondary Suprheater is now involved.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page14

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4C Startup -- Pressure and temperature control. The image is, like the others in this set, sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, and identical to the others in this set except in this one, the Primary Superheater (PSH) is more involved as depicted by the heavy lines drawn to it. Again, it's the main text that describes best what is happening here.
to it. Again, it's the main text that describes best what is happening here.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page14

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4C Startup -- Pressure and temperature control. The image is, like the others in this set, sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, and identical to the others in this set except in this one, the Primary Superheater (PSH) is more involved as depicted by the heavy lines drawn to it. Again, it's the main text that describes best what is happening here.
to it. Again, it's the main text that describes best what is happening here.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page13

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4B Startup -- Deaerator pressurization. This image is also sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, and nearly identical to the previous simplified figures but with a focus on the different valving configuration covered in detail in the main text.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page13

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4B Startup -- Deaerator pressurization. This image is also sideways with the bottom long the right edge and the top along the left edge, and nearly identical to the previous simplified figures but with a focus on the different valving configuration covered in detail in the main text.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page12

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4A Startup -- Initial firing. This image is also sideways with the bottom along the right edge and the top along the left edge, and it's like Fig. 3 but with a different valve focus, correspondent to the main text at this point.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page12

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 4A Startup -- Initial firing. This image is also sideways with the bottom along the right edge and the top along the left edge, and it's like Fig. 3 but with a different valve focus, correspondent to the main text at this point.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page11

Consult the appropriate lighter, burner, fan and air heater instructions for the correct procedure on purging the unit of any combustible gases and on lighting and controlling burners.Most furnace explosions occur during startup and low load periods. Whenever thee possibility exists for the accumulation of combustible gases or combustible dust in any part of the unit, no attempt should be made to light off until the unit has been thoroughly purged.

Insert the thermoprobes and begin firing. The thermal probes are retractable probes used to measure flue gas temperature entering the SSH during startup and low load operation {These were bi-metal K type thermocouples.} During startup, there is not sufficient steam flow through the superheaters to prevent overheating. The flue gas temperature entering the superheater section must not exceed 1000 F until 10% steam flow is passing through the superheater.

The firing rate should be balanced across the width of the unit to ensure uniform heating. Gas tempering and recirculation are used from initial firing through initial turbine loading in order to maintain maximum furnace absorption with minimum gas temperature entering the superheater. Continue firing and circulate at minimum feedwater flow while periodically checking conductivity. If it exceeds two micromhos, transfer flow back to the condenser until the one micromho limit is again achieved. The fluid temperature at the convection pass outlet will begin to rise soon after firing is initiated. This hot water and eventually steam, passes to the flashtank where water/steam separation will take place {In this scenario, the flashtank is performing like the drum on a drum boiler furnace}.

As the PSH pressure reaches 300 psi, it will begin to boil out. The turbine stop valve, above seat drains and/or steam line drain valve, MS-2, should be open to allow proper drainage.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page11

Consult the appropriate lighter, burner, fan and air heater instructions for the correct procedure on purging the unit of any combustible gases and on lighting and controlling burners.Most furnace explosions occur during startup and low load periods. Whenever thee possibility exists for the accumulation of combustible gases or combustible dust in any part of the unit, no attempt should be made to light off until the unit has been thoroughly purged.

Insert the thermoprobes and begin firing. The thermal probes are retractable probes used to measure flue gas temperature entering the SSH during startup and low load operation {These were bi-metal K type thermocouples.} During startup, there is not sufficient steam flow through the superheaters to prevent overheating. The flue gas temperature entering the superheater section must not exceed 1000 F until 10% steam flow is passing through the superheater.

The firing rate should be balanced across the width of the unit to ensure uniform heating. Gas tempering and recirculation are used from initial firing through initial turbine loading in order to maintain maximum furnace absorption with minimum gas temperature entering the superheater. Continue firing and circulate at minimum feedwater flow while periodically checking conductivity. If it exceeds two micromhos, transfer flow back to the condenser until the one micromho limit is again achieved. The fluid temperature at the convection pass outlet will begin to rise soon after firing is initiated. This hot water and eventually steam, passes to the flashtank where water/steam separation will take place {In this scenario, the flashtank is performing like the drum on a drum boiler furnace}.

As the PSH pressure reaches 300 psi, it will begin to boil out. The turbine stop valve, above seat drains and/or steam line drain valve, MS-2, should be open to allow proper drainage.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page10

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 3 Hot cleanup. The image is sideways with the bottom along the right edge and the top along the left edge. The image is very similar to Fig. 2 but focus is on the connection between the Flashtank and the Deaerator via valves 231 and 242; details of operation are in the main text.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page10

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 3 Hot cleanup. The image is sideways with the bottom along the right edge and the top along the left edge. The image is very similar to Fig. 2 but focus is on the connection between the Flashtank and the Deaerator via valves 231 and 242; details of operation are in the main text.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page9

In the cold cleanup mode, flashtank pressure will be approximately 75 psi. The flashtank level control valve, 241, is open, diverting all flashtank drain flow to the condenser. Valve 241 is attempting to maintain the level but the flashtank may be flooded. The flashtank steam stop valve, 242, is used to prevent water from getting into steam lines. This valve will remain closed until a level has been established in the flashtank.

Continue circulation in the cold cleanup mode until the cation conductivity at the economizer inlet is below one micromho.

HOT CLEANUP (Figure 3)

The hot cleanup mode should be used when it can be expected that the system will have more contamination than usual. The hot cleanup mode of operation provides for cleaning up of the water to required limits after cold cleanup and after firing the unit, but prior to admitting steam to the turbine.Firing is controlled within prescribed limits to limit the fluid temperature entering the flashtank to 550 F until the feedwater contains less than 0.5 micromhos cation conductivity. If the water is satisfactory, startup may continue in this mode. However, this would result in high steam temperature for rolling the turbine. Therefore, the mode select switch should be transferred to the startup mode.

STARTUP MODE (Figures 4A - 4F)

Once the cation conductivity is less than one micromho, the boiler may be fired. The startup mode selector switch must be transferred to the firing position. Maintain minimum flow as in the cold and hot cleanup modes, the flashtank may still be flooded. With the startup mode, it is assumed that the water conditions will be satisfactory and that it will not be necessary to hold for water cleanup at the 550 F limit.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page9

In the cold cleanup mode, flashtank pressure will be approximately 75 psi. The flashtank level control valve, 241, is open, diverting all flashtank drain flow to the condenser. Valve 241 is attempting to maintain the level but the flashtank may be flooded. The flashtank steam stop valve, 242, is used to prevent water from getting into steam lines. This valve will remain closed until a level has been established in the flashtank.

Continue circulation in the cold cleanup mode until the cation conductivity at the economizer inlet is below one micromho.

HOT CLEANUP (Figure 3)

The hot cleanup mode should be used when it can be expected that the system will have more contamination than usual. The hot cleanup mode of operation provides for cleaning up of the water to required limits after cold cleanup and after firing the unit, but prior to admitting steam to the turbine.Firing is controlled within prescribed limits to limit the fluid temperature entering the flashtank to 550 F until the feedwater contains less than 0.5 micromhos cation conductivity. If the water is satisfactory, startup may continue in this mode. However, this would result in high steam temperature for rolling the turbine. Therefore, the mode select switch should be transferred to the startup mode.

STARTUP MODE (Figures 4A - 4F)

Once the cation conductivity is less than one micromho, the boiler may be fired. The startup mode selector switch must be transferred to the firing position. Maintain minimum flow as in the cold and hot cleanup modes, the flashtank may still be flooded. With the startup mode, it is assumed that the water conditions will be satisfactory and that it will not be necessary to hold for water cleanup at the 550 F limit.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page8

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 2 Cold cleanup. The image is sideways with the bottom along the right edge and the top along the left edge. The image is a considerably simplified version of Fig. 1 with the focus on how the Flashtank fits into the system, those pipe lines drawn in heavy lines compared to the others. The details are in the main text.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page8

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 2 Cold cleanup. The image is sideways with the bottom along the right edge and the top along the left edge. The image is a considerably simplified version of Fig. 1 with the focus on how the Flashtank fits into the system, those pipe lines drawn in heavy lines compared to the others. The details are in the main text.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page7

COLD CLEANUP (Figure 2)

Set controls for cold cleanup mode. The initial circulation for a cold boiler is through the economizer, boiler circuits (furnace and convection pass), primary superheater bypass, flashtank, condenser and condensate polishing system for system cleanup.

During this cold cleanup period, the flow through the boiler should always be equal to or greater than the minimum design flow - 33%. This is accomplished through the primary superheater bypass valves (202). Flow from the convection pass outlet bypasses the PSH through the 202 valves to the flashtank. Valves 200, 201, 205, 207 and 242 are closed.

The low load pressure and flow control portion of the pumping and firing rate controls maintain the pressure within the circuits ahead of the high pressure superheater stop valve, 200. This is accomplished by modulating the PSH bypass valve, 202, and if necessary the SSH bypass valve, 207. The PSH bypass valve, 202, controls the boiler outlet pressure at approximately 700 psi.

The SSH bypass valve, 207, is interlocked closed when the convection pass enclosure outlet temperature is below 300 F. Above 300 F, the 207 automatically opens to control primary superheat outlet temperature.

Full startup flow is pumped through the boiler, PSH bypass, flashtank and on to the condensate polishing system via the condenser for fast system cleanup. During this period every effort should be made to keep oxygen out of the system - seal the turbine and pull a vacuum on the condenser.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page7

COLD CLEANUP (Figure 2)

Set controls for cold cleanup mode. The initial circulation for a cold boiler is through the economizer, boiler circuits (furnace and convection pass), primary superheater bypass, flashtank, condenser and condensate polishing system for system cleanup.

During this cold cleanup period, the flow through the boiler should always be equal to or greater than the minimum design flow - 33%. This is accomplished through the primary superheater bypass valves (202). Flow from the convection pass outlet bypasses the PSH through the 202 valves to the flashtank. Valves 200, 201, 205, 207 and 242 are closed.

The low load pressure and flow control portion of the pumping and firing rate controls maintain the pressure within the circuits ahead of the high pressure superheater stop valve, 200. This is accomplished by modulating the PSH bypass valve, 202, and if necessary the SSH bypass valve, 207. The PSH bypass valve, 202, controls the boiler outlet pressure at approximately 700 psi.

The SSH bypass valve, 207, is interlocked closed when the convection pass enclosure outlet temperature is below 300 F. Above 300 F, the 207 automatically opens to control primary superheat outlet temperature.

Full startup flow is pumped through the boiler, PSH bypass, flashtank and on to the condensate polishing system via the condenser for fast system cleanup. During this period every effort should be made to keep oxygen out of the system - seal the turbine and pull a vacuum on the condenser.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page6

required. Flashtank steam is used first to warm, roll and load the turbine. Any excess steam is used for deaeration and feedwater heating. Excess flashtank drain flow and steam flow goes to the condenser.

As the system is warmed up and sufficient heat becomes available, flashtank pressure is increased to its maximum operating value. At synchronous speed or initial electrical load, the turbine control valves are slowly throttled while the turbine stop valve is slowly opened.

Pressurization - Ramping

When the turbine control valves are at their normal minimum load flow full-pressure position, flashtank steam can be replaced with boiler steam by opening the pressure reducing valve in the bypass around the boiler stop valve. This increases the superheater pressure and the flow to the turbine.

During the initial pressurization period, flashtank steam to the secondary superheater is replaced with high pressure steam through the pressure reducing valve. During this period, the control of steam temperature is very important. This is accomplished by increasing firing at a rate relative to the increase in gross generator megawatt output. The pressure reducing valve is opened at a controlled rate to prevent steam temperature excursions.

When flow to the turbine is equal to minimum boiler design flow, the valves to the
flashtank are closed and the bypass is out-of-service. Steam flow to the turbine is then equal to feedwater flow to the boiler.

Let's discuss the cold cleanup, hot cleanup and startup modes of operation in greater detail. The pressurization portion of the startup will be discussed in greater detail in the Ramping section of this manual.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page6

required. Flashtank steam is used first to warm, roll and load the turbine. Any excess steam is used for deaeration and feedwater heating. Excess flashtank drain flow and steam flow goes to the condenser.

As the system is warmed up and sufficient heat becomes available, flashtank pressure is increased to its maximum operating value. At synchronous speed or initial electrical load, the turbine control valves are slowly throttled while the turbine stop valve is slowly opened.

Pressurization - Ramping

When the turbine control valves are at their normal minimum load flow full-pressure position, flashtank steam can be replaced with boiler steam by opening the pressure reducing valve in the bypass around the boiler stop valve. This increases the superheater pressure and the flow to the turbine.

During the initial pressurization period, flashtank steam to the secondary superheater is replaced with high pressure steam through the pressure reducing valve. During this period, the control of steam temperature is very important. This is accomplished by increasing firing at a rate relative to the increase in gross generator megawatt output. The pressure reducing valve is opened at a controlled rate to prevent steam temperature excursions.

When flow to the turbine is equal to minimum boiler design flow, the valves to the
flashtank are closed and the bypass is out-of-service. Steam flow to the turbine is then equal to feedwater flow to the boiler.

Let's discuss the cold cleanup, hot cleanup and startup modes of operation in greater detail. The pressurization portion of the startup will be discussed in greater detail in the Ramping section of this manual.

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#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page5

water to a level corresponding to a cation conductivity of one micromho at the economizer inlet before firing is started. {Some chemistry basics: this is referencing ion content of water, where cations and anions are polar opposites. Ions in the water provide spare electrons to make water conductive, and that's why conductivity--the opposite of resistivity--is the desired measurement for this in water...therefore whereas the unit of resistance measurement is the ohm, the unit of conductivity is ohm spelled backwards: mho.} During cold cleanup operation the turbine is sealed, the condenser is under vacuum and every effort is made to keep oxygen out of the system. A nitrogen blanket may be provided for the deaerator, a vacuum line may be connected to the condenser, or the vents closed on the deaerator. Auxiliary steam should be used if available to obtain deaeration.

Hot cleanup Mode

Note: We are presently using only hot cleanup mode, without flashtank drains to the DA {Deaerator}, due to turbine manufacturer's steam purity requirements.

The cyclones are fired and the temperature of the water being circulated is slowly increased. During this period, the boiler and economizer slough off some deposits
(primarily iron oxide) as they heat up. If the system is dirty, as it happens with a new system or after acid cleaning, cleanup must be complete before exceeding a fluid temperature of 550 F in the boiler. Flashtank drains are directed to the condenser and then to the condensate polishing system for cleanup until iron content leaving the condensate polisher falls below 100 ppb {parts per billion}. Since early turbine sealing and feedwater deaeration are necessary to protect the unit from oxygen corrosion the deaerator is vented to the condenser until flashtank steam is available for deaeration. After the deaerator s supplied, excess flashtank steam can be used to warm, roll and load the turbine. Before deaeration is obtained every effort should be made to keep oxygen out of the system. DA is vented to condenser during startup and maintained at a slight vacuum.

Startup Mode

This mode is used after hot cleanup is accomplished, or when it is not

-------------------------------------------------- 5 ------------------------------------------------------

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page5

water to a level corresponding to a cation conductivity of one micromho at the economizer inlet before firing is started. {Some chemistry basics: this is referencing ion content of water, where cations and anions are polar opposites. Ions in the water provide spare electrons to make water conductive, and that's why conductivity--the opposite of resistivity--is the desired measurement for this in water...therefore whereas the unit of resistance measurement is the ohm, the unit of conductivity is ohm spelled backwards: mho.} During cold cleanup operation the turbine is sealed, the condenser is under vacuum and every effort is made to keep oxygen out of the system. A nitrogen blanket may be provided for the deaerator, a vacuum line may be connected to the condenser, or the vents closed on the deaerator. Auxiliary steam should be used if available to obtain deaeration.

Hot cleanup Mode

Note: We are presently using only hot cleanup mode, without flashtank drains to the DA {Deaerator}, due to turbine manufacturer's steam purity requirements.

The cyclones are fired and the temperature of the water being circulated is slowly increased. During this period, the boiler and economizer slough off some deposits
(primarily iron oxide) as they heat up. If the system is dirty, as it happens with a new system or after acid cleaning, cleanup must be complete before exceeding a fluid temperature of 550 F in the boiler. Flashtank drains are directed to the condenser and then to the condensate polishing system for cleanup until iron content leaving the condensate polisher falls below 100 ppb {parts per billion}. Since early turbine sealing and feedwater deaeration are necessary to protect the unit from oxygen corrosion the deaerator is vented to the condenser until flashtank steam is available for deaeration. After the deaerator s supplied, excess flashtank steam can be used to warm, roll and load the turbine. Before deaeration is obtained every effort should be made to keep oxygen out of the system. DA is vented to condenser during startup and maintained at a slight vacuum.

Startup Mode

This mode is used after hot cleanup is accomplished, or when it is not

-------------------------------------------------- 5 ------------------------------------------------------

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page4

less than 33% flow. The bypass system provides a method of maintaining the 33% flow requirement through the boiler, passing some of the fluid to the turbine as superheated steam is required, and returning the difference to the feedwater cycle.

BYPASS SYSTEM

Steam is separated from water in the steam drum of the drum type boiler. As pressure increases, superheated steam is available to warm and roll the turbine due to the separation process.

The once-through UP boiler does not have a drum for separation as it is designed to provide a pure, superheated steam leaving the boiler under normal operating conditions. But during startup, a pure steam does not leave the boiler due to the low heat input to the unit. The flashtank, with its associated valves and piping provide a method of separating the water and steam, ensuring superheated steam to the turbine.

BYPASS SYSTEM OPERATION

During the course of a plant startup, the Universal Pressure boiler bypass system is operated in four different modes as follows:

Cold Cleanup Mode

Before firing, water is circulated at the full startup or minimum design flow rate through the boiler, primary superheater, flashtank, condenser and condensate polishing system to reduce impurities. The condensate polishing system is an arrangement of demineralizers designed to purify the condensate to meet the feedwater purity requirements of a once-through boiler. This equipment is used to reduce impurities in the boiler

-------------------------------------------------- 4 ------------------------------------------------------

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page4

less than 33% flow. The bypass system provides a method of maintaining the 33% flow requirement through the boiler, passing some of the fluid to the turbine as superheated steam is required, and returning the difference to the feedwater cycle.

BYPASS SYSTEM

Steam is separated from water in the steam drum of the drum type boiler. As pressure increases, superheated steam is available to warm and roll the turbine due to the separation process.

The once-through UP boiler does not have a drum for separation as it is designed to provide a pure, superheated steam leaving the boiler under normal operating conditions. But during startup, a pure steam does not leave the boiler due to the low heat input to the unit. The flashtank, with its associated valves and piping provide a method of separating the water and steam, ensuring superheated steam to the turbine.

BYPASS SYSTEM OPERATION

During the course of a plant startup, the Universal Pressure boiler bypass system is operated in four different modes as follows:

Cold Cleanup Mode

Before firing, water is circulated at the full startup or minimum design flow rate through the boiler, primary superheater, flashtank, condenser and condensate polishing system to reduce impurities. The condensate polishing system is an arrangement of demineralizers designed to purify the condensate to meet the feedwater purity requirements of a once-through boiler. This equipment is used to reduce impurities in the boiler

-------------------------------------------------- 4 ------------------------------------------------------

BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page3

To understand the need for a bypass system, the difference between the UP boiler and typical drum type natural circulation boiler should be considered.

DRUM TYPE BOILER

During the startup of the drum type boiler, the boiler is filled to a normal water level in the steam drum and firing is initiated. A steam/water mixture is generated in the tubes in the high heat input areas of the furnace. The steam/water mixture is less dense than the water being supplied to the furnace water walls. The steam/water mixture is forced upward by the denser water in the supply circuits and a natural circulation effect is created. As more heat is added, circulation is established in the boiler, with steam being generated in the riser tubes and being replaced by water from the supply tubes.

Those tubes which are in hotter areas of the furnace generate more steam than tubes in cooler furnace areas thus, carry a higher flow. The natural circulation effect provides more flow to the tubes in the hotter areas keeping them cooled to safe limits and preventing overheating.

UNIVERSAL PRESSURE BOILER

The UP boiler is a once-through unit. Flow is controlled entirely by the boiler feed pumps. There is no natural circulation effect to offset imbalanced heat inputs to the furnace. To prevent overheating of tubes in the high heat input areas, a minimum design flow and pressure must be maintained in the furnace circuits. Minimum flow is 33% (1,400,000 lb./hr) of full load flow. This minimum flow must be maintained anytime the unit is fired.

Early in the startup sequence, turbine steam requirements are much

-------------------------------------------------- 3 ------------------------------------------------------

BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page3

To understand the need for a bypass system, the difference between the UP boiler and typical drum type natural circulation boiler should be considered.

DRUM TYPE BOILER

During the startup of the drum type boiler, the boiler is filled to a normal water level in the steam drum and firing is initiated. A steam/water mixture is generated in the tubes in the high heat input areas of the furnace. The steam/water mixture is less dense than the water being supplied to the furnace water walls. The steam/water mixture is forced upward by the denser water in the supply circuits and a natural circulation effect is created. As more heat is added, circulation is established in the boiler, with steam being generated in the riser tubes and being replaced by water from the supply tubes.

Those tubes which are in hotter areas of the furnace generate more steam than tubes in cooler furnace areas thus, carry a higher flow. The natural circulation effect provides more flow to the tubes in the hotter areas keeping them cooled to safe limits and preventing overheating.

UNIVERSAL PRESSURE BOILER

The UP boiler is a once-through unit. Flow is controlled entirely by the boiler feed pumps. There is no natural circulation effect to offset imbalanced heat inputs to the furnace. To prevent overheating of tubes in the high heat input areas, a minimum design flow and pressure must be maintained in the furnace circuits. Minimum flow is 33% (1,400,000 lb./hr) of full load flow. This minimum flow must be maintained anytime the unit is fired.

Early in the startup sequence, turbine steam requirements are much

-------------------------------------------------- 3 ------------------------------------------------------

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page2

-------------------------------------------------- 2 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 1 Bypass system: valves and piping. It is a schematic of plumbing associated with all the components of the Bypass system featuring the important sets of valves associated with each component and how they're connected, which is covered in detail in the main text. In pencil, I had circled the 60 set of valves at the Convection Pass; the 202 set of valves between the Convection Pass and the Flashtank; The 207 valve between the Attemperators and the Flashtank; of the Attemperator shunt valve set marked 201A and 201, just the 201 valve is circled; of the DA associated valve set marked 231 and 201B, just the 231 valve is circled; of the Condenser valve set marked 241-1 thru -3, all those valves are circled.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page2

-------------------------------------------------- 2 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig. 1 Bypass system: valves and piping. It is a schematic of plumbing associated with all the components of the Bypass system featuring the important sets of valves associated with each component and how they're connected, which is covered in detail in the main text. In pencil, I had circled the 60 set of valves at the Convection Pass; the 202 set of valves between the Convection Pass and the Flashtank; The 207 valve between the Attemperators and the Flashtank; of the Attemperator shunt valve set marked 201A and 201, just the 201 valve is circled; of the DA associated valve set marked 231 and 201B, just the 231 valve is circled; of the Condenser valve set marked 241-1 thru -3, all those valves are circled.

Due to spamhacker pollution the last time I posted this, I'm gonna have to start over from this point, so please bear with me even though you've seen this before.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page1

Bypass System

Due to the design of the universal pressure boiler, a minimum feedwater flow must be maintained in the furnace circuits to prevent overheating of furnace tubes during all operating conditions. This flow must be established before startup of the boiler. A bypass system, integral with the boiler, turbine, condensate and feedwater system (Figure 1) is provided so that the minimum design flow can be maintained through pressure parts which are exposed to high temperature combustion gases during the startup operations and at other times when the required minimum flow exceeds the turbine steam demand.

The bypass system performs the following additional functions:

1. Reduces pressure and temperature of the steam leaving the boiler during startup to conditions suitable for turbine, condenser, and auxiliary equipment.

2. Provides means for recovering heat flowing to the bypass system during startup and low load operation, utilizing the feedwater heaters.

3. Provides means for conditioning the water during startup without delaying boiler and turbine warming operations.

4. Protects the high temperature (secondary) superheater against shock from water during startup.

5. Provides means for relieving excessive pressure in the system after the unit is above minimum load.

-------------------------------------------------- 1 ------------------------------------------------------

Due to spamhacker pollution the last time I posted this, I'm gonna have to start over from this point, so please bear with me even though you've seen this before.

#BoilerManual #BypassSystem #Section7 #Page1

Bypass System

Due to the design of the universal pressure boiler, a minimum feedwater flow must be maintained in the furnace circuits to prevent overheating of furnace tubes during all operating conditions. This flow must be established before startup of the boiler. A bypass system, integral with the boiler, turbine, condensate and feedwater system (Figure 1) is provided so that the minimum design flow can be maintained through pressure parts which are exposed to high temperature combustion gases during the startup operations and at other times when the required minimum flow exceeds the turbine steam demand.

The bypass system performs the following additional functions:

1. Reduces pressure and temperature of the steam leaving the boiler during startup to conditions suitable for turbine, condenser, and auxiliary equipment.

2. Provides means for recovering heat flowing to the bypass system during startup and low load operation, utilizing the feedwater heaters.

3. Provides means for conditioning the water during startup without delaying boiler and turbine warming operations.

4. Protects the high temperature (secondary) superheater against shock from water during startup.

5. Provides means for relieving excessive pressure in the system after the unit is above minimum load.

-------------------------------------------------- 1 ------------------------------------------------------

“THEY ARE NOT THE OTHER. THEY ARE US.”: Gibson rules on 100vic

From Apr. 16 to Apr. 20, 2026, the Ontario Court of Justice heard the case The Regional Municipality of Waterloo v. Named Respondents and Persons Unknown. This case was the result of an application filed by the Region of Waterloo to determine that the Sit-Specific By-Law Number 25-021, A By-Law Respecting the Use of 100 Victoria Street North, Kitchener (as Owned by the Regional Municipality […]

“THEY ARE NOT THE OTHER. THEY ARE US.”: Gibson rules on 100vic

From Apr. 16 to Apr. 20, 2026, the Ontario Court of Justice heard the case The Regional Municipality of Waterloo v. Named Respondents and Persons Unknown. This case was the result of an application filed by the Region of Waterloo to determine that the Sit-Specific By-Law Number 25-021, A By-Law Respecting the Use of 100 Victoria Street North, Kitchener (as Owned by the Regional Municipality […]

@art4 I did not know this. Well, that’s a problem. If the web page is very long, and the user wants to view #section7, there should be a standard way to convey this information to the web server, so that the web server can stream that section first. The URL hash seems perfect for this, but apparently browsers think that the web server should not know the hash.

@art4 I did not know this. Well, that’s a problem. If the web page is very long, and the user wants to view #section7, there should be a standard way to convey this information to the web server, so that the web server can stream that section first. The URL hash seems perfect for this, but apparently browsers think that the web server should not know the hash.

What I want to achieve is have the linked section (#section7) render as fast as possible without having to re-implement stuff with JavaScript. I just want to have a super long HTML document but still have linked sections render as fast as possible. It should just work with HTML.

What I want to achieve is have the linked section (#section7) render as fast as possible without having to re-implement stuff with JavaScript. I just want to have a super long HTML document but still have linked sections render as fast as possible. It should just work with HTML.

Just Stop Oil activist jailed for six months for taking part in slow march

Stephen Gingell, 57, thought to be first to receive prison sentence under new Public Order Act

by Damien Gayle
Fri 15 Dec 2023

"A #ClimateActivist has been jailed for six months after pleading guilty to taking part in a peaceful #SlowMarch protest on a London road.

"The sentence handed to Stephen Gingell, 57, is thought to be the first jailing under a new law that critics say makes anyone walking in a road liable for prosecution for 'interference with key national infrastructure'.

"#Section7 of the #PublicOrderAct2023 bans any act that prevents newspaper printing presses, power plants, #oil and #gas extraction or distribution sites, #harbours, #airports, #railways or #roads 'from being used or operated to any extent', with a potential penalty of 12 months in jail.

"Gingell, a father of three from #Manchester, was one of about 40 supporters of #JustStopOil who spent about 30 minutes marching on #HollowayRoad in north #London at about 4pm on 12 November, the climate campaign group said.

"He pleaded guilty to breach of section 7 at a hearing that same month at Wimbledon magistrates court. On Thursday, his case was transferred to Manchester magistrates court, where he was sentenced to six months.

"Just Stop Oil has been campaigning since 2022 for the UK government to stop all new fossil fuel production. The campaign’s 'guerrilla tactics' were cited by the Home Office when it introduced the Public Order Act’s tough new #AntiProtest measures to parliament.

"Police began using section 7 to tackle Just Stop Oil’s protests at the end of October, arresting 60 people taking part in a march in Parliament Square. In a campaign of slow march protests carried out by the group between then and 4 December, 470 of the group’s supporters were arrested 630 times, with about half of those arrests under the new law.

"A spokesperson for the campaign said: 'Section 7 of the Public Order Act 2023, a law drafted by the #FossilFuel lobby, was introduced in April by Priti Patel, and covers ‘interference with the use or operation of key national infrastructure’. It seems this government has now made walking down the road, walking on the public highway an illegal act that is worthy of imprisonment.

"'How many fathers will be imprisoned before those planning to kill us are stopped? New oil and gas will see millions upon millions lose their homes, livelihoods and lives. Protected by the government, by failed politicians, by the police, those committing genocide continue to walk free, those protesting the killings are banged up. Whose side are you on?'

"The human rights organisation Liberty criticised Gingell’s sentencing. Katy Watts, a lawyer at Liberty, said: “It is shocking to see such harsh sentences handed down to protesters. This is yet another unnecessary and draconian law introduced by a government that is hell-bent on discouraging people from standing up for what they believe in. It is a clear attempt to silence people and for the government to hide from all accountability.

"Protest is a fundamental right, not a gift from the state. Government should be protecting our right to protest, not criminalising it.'"
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/dec/15/just-stop-oil-activist-is-first-to-be-jailed-under-new-uk-protest-law?share=jetpack-whatsapp

#BigOilAndGas #WaterProtectors #DirectAction #CriminalizingDissent #DefendTheForest #EnvironmentalActivists #ClimateActivists #ClimateJustice #ACAB #Fascism #SilencingDissent #CorporateColonialism #EcoActivists #Censorship #HumanRightsViolations #Article20 #AbolishTheMonarchy #RightToProtest

Just Stop Oil activist jailed for six months for taking part in slow march

Stephen Gingell, 57, thought to be first to receive prison sentence under new Public Order Act

by Damien Gayle
Fri 15 Dec 2023

"A #ClimateActivist has been jailed for six months after pleading guilty to taking part in a peaceful #SlowMarch protest on a London road.

"The sentence handed to Stephen Gingell, 57, is thought to be the first jailing under a new law that critics say makes anyone walking in a road liable for prosecution for 'interference with key national infrastructure'.

"#Section7 of the #PublicOrderAct2023 bans any act that prevents newspaper printing presses, power plants, #oil and #gas extraction or distribution sites, #harbours, #airports, #railways or #roads 'from being used or operated to any extent', with a potential penalty of 12 months in jail.

"Gingell, a father of three from #Manchester, was one of about 40 supporters of #JustStopOil who spent about 30 minutes marching on #HollowayRoad in north #London at about 4pm on 12 November, the climate campaign group said.

"He pleaded guilty to breach of section 7 at a hearing that same month at Wimbledon magistrates court. On Thursday, his case was transferred to Manchester magistrates court, where he was sentenced to six months.

"Just Stop Oil has been campaigning since 2022 for the UK government to stop all new fossil fuel production. The campaign’s 'guerrilla tactics' were cited by the Home Office when it introduced the Public Order Act’s tough new #AntiProtest measures to parliament.

"Police began using section 7 to tackle Just Stop Oil’s protests at the end of October, arresting 60 people taking part in a march in Parliament Square. In a campaign of slow march protests carried out by the group between then and 4 December, 470 of the group’s supporters were arrested 630 times, with about half of those arrests under the new law.

"A spokesperson for the campaign said: 'Section 7 of the Public Order Act 2023, a law drafted by the #FossilFuel lobby, was introduced in April by Priti Patel, and covers ‘interference with the use or operation of key national infrastructure’. It seems this government has now made walking down the road, walking on the public highway an illegal act that is worthy of imprisonment.

"'How many fathers will be imprisoned before those planning to kill us are stopped? New oil and gas will see millions upon millions lose their homes, livelihoods and lives. Protected by the government, by failed politicians, by the police, those committing genocide continue to walk free, those protesting the killings are banged up. Whose side are you on?'

"The human rights organisation Liberty criticised Gingell’s sentencing. Katy Watts, a lawyer at Liberty, said: “It is shocking to see such harsh sentences handed down to protesters. This is yet another unnecessary and draconian law introduced by a government that is hell-bent on discouraging people from standing up for what they believe in. It is a clear attempt to silence people and for the government to hide from all accountability.

"Protest is a fundamental right, not a gift from the state. Government should be protecting our right to protest, not criminalising it.'"
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/dec/15/just-stop-oil-activist-is-first-to-be-jailed-under-new-uk-protest-law?share=jetpack-whatsapp

#BigOilAndGas #WaterProtectors #DirectAction #CriminalizingDissent #DefendTheForest #EnvironmentalActivists #ClimateActivists #ClimateJustice #ACAB #Fascism #SilencingDissent #CorporateColonialism #EcoActivists #Censorship #HumanRightsViolations #Article20 #AbolishTheMonarchy #RightToProtest

Police make 630 arrests of #climate #protesters in #London in one month

Liberty condemns ‘staggering and shocking’ statistic as #AntiProtest legislation is enacted

by Sandra Laville and Damien Gayle, December 4, 2023

"Police have made at least 630 arrests of peaceful protesters campaigning against new #OilAndGas production in the past month, as the authorities exploit new powers under the government’s anti-protest legislation.

"The mass arrests of more than 470 people – some individuals were arrested more than once – was condemned by #CivilRights group #Liberty as 'staggering and shocking'.

"The protests involve slow marching along roads and are a form of peaceful civil resistance analogous to the 'freedom' rides in the US in 1961, when individuals protested against segregated public transport, says #JustStopOil.

"Evidence gathered by the Guardian over the last four weeks reveals some people have been held in police custody for long periods after arrest.

"A 23-year-old was arrested within five minutes of joining a demonstration on 13 November, and held for 56 hours in custody before being presented to court, according to his testimony to the Guardian.

"A 19-year-old student was held for three nights in a London prison despite being given bail by a magistrates court. The student is considering a case of false imprisonment.

"The protests over the past four weeks coincided with the British government confirming in the king’s speech its plans to grant new #NorthSea oil and gas licences every year.

"Police are using new powers to make the #MassArrests under section 7 of the Conservative government’s Public Order Act 2023, which bans any action that 'interferes with the use or operation of any key national infrastructure'.

"According to data gathered by Just Stop Oil and not disputed by the Metropolitan police, almost half of the arrests were carried out under #Section7. The offence carries a prison sentence of up to 12 months.

"The 19-year-old student, who cannot be named for legal reasons, was held in a London prison for four nights after his arrest under section 7. After the first night in prison, he appeared by video link for a court appearance. He was bailed by the court, and should have been released. The student was held for a further three nights in a prison cell, according to testimony given to the Guardian.

"'I consider that I was illegally imprisoned over the three nights of that weekend and will be taking a case of wrongful imprisonment,' the student said.

"Another 19-year-old student who was arrested and also cannot be named for legal reasons, was held for 50 hours in a London police cell, from a Monday morning to Wednesday at 1pm.

"She was charged under section 7 of the act after 24 hours in custody, but held for another day-and-a-half in custody before being taken to court.

"'I remember asking for my medication, and I didn’t get it,' she said. 'I asked multiple times. One of the officers said: ‘Why didn’t you have it with you?’ I said: ‘I didn’t expect to be held for 50 hours in a cell.’ And the officer said: ‘What, after what you have done?’

"'Like I was a murderer or something, they just wanted me to feel bad.'

"Jun Pang, a policy and campaigns officer for Liberty, said: 'We all have the right to make our voices heard on the issues that matter to us. The staggering number of people arrested in recent weeks, many under this new legislation, shows just how sweeping and dangerous these powers are. It’s shocking to see hundreds of young protesters criminalised simply for standing up for what they believe in.'

"Scotland Yard said 630 arrests had been made of Just Stop Oil protesters since 30 October, and 328 people went on to be charged. The rest have been released on police bail.

"JSO data shows at least 276 people have been charged: at least 125 were charged with blocking key national infrastructure under section 7 and 125 with the lesser offence of wilful obstruction of the highway."

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/04/police-arrest-climate-protesters-london

#SlowMarch #SlowMarches #BigOilAndGas #UK
#CriminalizingDissent #EnvironmentalActivists #ClimateActivists #ClimateJustice #ACAB #Fascism #SilencingDissent
#CorporateColonialism #EcoActivists #Censorship #HumanRightsViolations

Police make 630 arrests of #climate #protesters in #London in one month

Liberty condemns ‘staggering and shocking’ statistic as #AntiProtest legislation is enacted

by Sandra Laville and Damien Gayle, December 4, 2023

"Police have made at least 630 arrests of peaceful protesters campaigning against new #OilAndGas production in the past month, as the authorities exploit new powers under the government’s anti-protest legislation.

"The mass arrests of more than 470 people – some individuals were arrested more than once – was condemned by #CivilRights group #Liberty as 'staggering and shocking'.

"The protests involve slow marching along roads and are a form of peaceful civil resistance analogous to the 'freedom' rides in the US in 1961, when individuals protested against segregated public transport, says #JustStopOil.

"Evidence gathered by the Guardian over the last four weeks reveals some people have been held in police custody for long periods after arrest.

"A 23-year-old was arrested within five minutes of joining a demonstration on 13 November, and held for 56 hours in custody before being presented to court, according to his testimony to the Guardian.

"A 19-year-old student was held for three nights in a London prison despite being given bail by a magistrates court. The student is considering a case of false imprisonment.

"The protests over the past four weeks coincided with the British government confirming in the king’s speech its plans to grant new #NorthSea oil and gas licences every year.

"Police are using new powers to make the #MassArrests under section 7 of the Conservative government’s Public Order Act 2023, which bans any action that 'interferes with the use or operation of any key national infrastructure'.

"According to data gathered by Just Stop Oil and not disputed by the Metropolitan police, almost half of the arrests were carried out under #Section7. The offence carries a prison sentence of up to 12 months.

"The 19-year-old student, who cannot be named for legal reasons, was held in a London prison for four nights after his arrest under section 7. After the first night in prison, he appeared by video link for a court appearance. He was bailed by the court, and should have been released. The student was held for a further three nights in a prison cell, according to testimony given to the Guardian.

"'I consider that I was illegally imprisoned over the three nights of that weekend and will be taking a case of wrongful imprisonment,' the student said.

"Another 19-year-old student who was arrested and also cannot be named for legal reasons, was held for 50 hours in a London police cell, from a Monday morning to Wednesday at 1pm.

"She was charged under section 7 of the act after 24 hours in custody, but held for another day-and-a-half in custody before being taken to court.

"'I remember asking for my medication, and I didn’t get it,' she said. 'I asked multiple times. One of the officers said: ‘Why didn’t you have it with you?’ I said: ‘I didn’t expect to be held for 50 hours in a cell.’ And the officer said: ‘What, after what you have done?’

"'Like I was a murderer or something, they just wanted me to feel bad.'

"Jun Pang, a policy and campaigns officer for Liberty, said: 'We all have the right to make our voices heard on the issues that matter to us. The staggering number of people arrested in recent weeks, many under this new legislation, shows just how sweeping and dangerous these powers are. It’s shocking to see hundreds of young protesters criminalised simply for standing up for what they believe in.'

"Scotland Yard said 630 arrests had been made of Just Stop Oil protesters since 30 October, and 328 people went on to be charged. The rest have been released on police bail.

"JSO data shows at least 276 people have been charged: at least 125 were charged with blocking key national infrastructure under section 7 and 125 with the lesser offence of wilful obstruction of the highway."

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/dec/04/police-arrest-climate-protesters-london

#SlowMarch #SlowMarches #BigOilAndGas #UK
#CriminalizingDissent #EnvironmentalActivists #ClimateActivists #ClimateJustice #ACAB #Fascism #SilencingDissent
#CorporateColonialism #EcoActivists #Censorship #HumanRightsViolations