#section5 — Public Fediverse posts

The FTC Would Like To Decide Which AI Answers Are Too Woke, And Is Calling That Consumer Protection

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#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page21

9. Low viscosity coal is best suited for low loads conditions. It requires lower temperatures for adequate slag tapping.

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#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page20

Answers for cyclone description

1. Centrifugal force throws the heavier coal particles away from the cyclone's center and onto the slag-covered barrel tubes.

2. Combustion occurs in the main barrel of the cyclone. Primary air and coal are mixed into a whirling motion in the radial burner.

3. Tertiary air cools the burner front, it is then forced through a hole in a baffle plate to enter the burner zone. This action keeps the coal flow in the burner zone moving out into the cyclone.

4. Secondary air is the main source of oxygen in the cyclone. Secondary air comprises about 80% of the total air admitted to the cyclone.

5. The three requirements the cyclone meets which are needed for complete and efficient coal combustion are:

............ 1. ___Time__________
............ 2. ___Temperature____
............ 3. ___Turbulence_____

6. The answer is A and D. Both conditions can cause slag tapping problems.

7. A small amount of excess air leads to complete combustion with high flame temperatures. A large amount of excess air leads to complete combustion with high flame temperatures. A large amount of excess air only lowers temperatures in the cyclone.

8. The rapid combustion in the cyclone makes it very responsive to load demands. Boiler output can be controlled very quickly by changing the coal-feeder speed.

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#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page19

7. To achieve the highest flame temperature, is a large or small amount of excess air desirable?

8. Coal is burned almost instantly in the cyclone. How is this operating characteristic used to control boiler output?

9. Which type of rated coal is best suited for low load operating conditions? High viscosity coal or low viscosity coal?

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#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page18

Questions for cyclone description

1. What force occurs in cyclonic action which is responsible for throwing coal particles into the slag layer?

2. Where does combustion actually occur? In the radial burner, or the main barrel of the cyclone?

3. What is the purpose of tertiary air?

4. Which air supply is the main source of oxygen for combustion in the cyclone furnace?

5. What three requirements does the cyclone meet for complete and efficient coal combustion?

............ 1. ______________________________________

............ 2. ______________________________________

............ 3. ______________________________________

6. Under which of the following operating conditions is poor slag tapping likely to occur?

............ A. Low loads - all cyclones fired.
............ B. Low loads - few cyclones fired.
............ C. High loads - all cyclones fired.
............ D. Coal sizing limitations exceeded.

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#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page17

No more than four (4) cyclones in Path A and/or no more than four (4) cyclones in Path B can be fired at loads of 33% or less. No upper cyclones can be fired at loads below 33%. {I have a note jotted down that lower = odd; upper = even}

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 8 Cyclone water flow paths. This image is nearly identical to Section 2's Fig. 17 on page 19 of that section; instead of leaving the two arrows pointing rightward from cyclones A6 and A5, here they're marked To cyclone discharge mix bottle; at the bottom, Path A bears the additional marking of From cyclone supply downcomer, but a closer look shows that this marking is intended to apply to the Path A flows into each of the cyclones marked with solid input arrows (cyclones B6, B4, B2, A7, A5, A3 and A1); At the top, Part B bears the additional label as From cyclone supply downcomer, but that this marking is intended to apply to the Path A flows into each of the cyclones marked with dashed input arrows (cyclones B7, B5, B3, B1, A6, A4, and A2). Like Fig. 17, the FURNACE REAR WALL is marked as such at the top and the FURNACE FRONT WALL is marked at the bottom.

#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page16

.....* Incorrect fuel/air ratio - flue gas analyses are used to determine the correct ratio.

.....* Coal size too large - adjusting or rebuilding the coal conditions will improve coal sizing.

.....* Unbalanced firing - coal feeders must be maintained in a condition that will result in equal coal flow to each cyclone.

FIRING LIMITATIONS

Unbalanced firing limitations are in effect at loads of 33% or below. Cyclone water flow is split into 2 paths - A and B. The designation A and B should not be confused with the cyclone numbering system at your plant, there is no relationship.

Each flow path supplies seven cyclones; 4 lower cyclones on one wall interconnect with the 3 upper cyclones of the opposite wall, refer to Figure 8.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

.................................Path A cyclones

.................... Lower Front Wall ..........-.......... A1, A3, A5, A7
.................... Upper Rear Wall ..........-.......... B2, B4, B6

.................................Path B cyclones

.................... Lower Rear Wall ..........-.......... B1, B3, B5, B7
.................... Upper Front Wall ..........-.......... A2, A4, A6

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page15

FLUE GAS ANALYSIS

While feeder speeds and individual cyclone air flows are an indication of fuel/air ratio to each cyclone, the correct fuel/air ratio is determined from the analysis of representative flue gas samples. The gas samples must be taken at specific locations and at steady load conditions that will give an accurate indication of the total air to each cyclone. Sampling at the boiler outlet gives an average total air for the boiler unit. However, if only one cyclone is operating and no air is passing through the idle cyclones, then sampling at the boiler outlet will give an indication of total air for the operating cyclone. This reading, however, must be corrected for damper leakage, cooling air, and sealing air throughout the unit.

Excess air levels should be checked for each cyclone at several load points. If the averages are not equal, check the following items: secondary air flow calibration, feeder speed and coal level regulator settings.

Even the most sophisticated instrumentation is no substitute for visual inspection. Furnace inspections should be made on a regular basis. Not only will inspections be an aid to cyclone and unit operation, it is essential to the early detection of possible hazardous conditions.

FURNACE APPEARANCE

A clear bright fire should be maintained at the cyclone outlet. The primary furnace should be clear and free of sparklers. Sparklers or a hazy primary furnace indicates one of the following:

.....* Slag buildup at the secondary air ports - these may be removed by hand lancing.

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#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page14

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 7 Recommended size distribution ranges of coals burned in the cyclone furnace. This is a complex logarithmic graph that is marked at the top SCREEN OPENING, mm. To the left of this marking is an INTERPOLATION SCALE with divisions marked out as such from 1 to 10. The x axis is labeled SCREEN OPENING INCHES, contradicting the marking on top as being in mm. But the increments have 2 parallel labels, the top one in terms of U.S. STANDARD SIEVE DESIGNATION and the lower one in terms of TYLER SIEVE DESIGNATION. The y axis is labeled on both sides of the x axis as PER CENT PASSING BY WEIGHT, incremented from 1 to 99. There is an insert on the lower right of a chart comparing U.S. standard sieve designation to Absolute minimum % passing by wt., which is subdivided to compare Bituminous to Lignite & subbituminous types of coal thus:

U.S. Standard sieve designation..............................Absolute minimum % by wt.
....................................................................Bituminous.......................Lignite & subbituminous
........................ 4 ............................................ 90 ............................................. 97.5
........................ 8 ............................................ 73 ............................................. 88
...................... 16 ............................................ 52 ............................................. 70
...................... 30 ............................................ 34 ............................................. 50
...................... 50 ............................................ 21 ............................................. 34
.................... 100 ............................................ 12 ............................................. 22
.................... 200 ............................................... 7 ............................................ 13

#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page4

5. Primary-Tertiary Air Duct (Figure 2 & 6) - Up to 23% of the total air supplied to the cyclone is tapped off the windbox and enters the radial burner.

6. Primary-Tertiary Air Shutoff Damper (Figure 2) - Located in the take-off duct from the windbox to the radial burner. This damper will shut off primary-tertiary air flow to an idle cyclone,or may be set to a minimum position, depending upon plant operations.

7. Baffle Plate (Figure 3) - Separates the primary and tertiary air zones at the burner front. Tertiary air enters the radial burner through a small diameter hole at the center of the baffle plate. The

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 3 Radial burner. This image takes the named part displayed in Fig. 2 and shows its internal detail. The topside pipeline is marked Crushed coal inlet where it enters the radial burner barrel, which is cut open to reveal what is marked Wear blocks lining the barrel, to the left of the inlet. Marked in counter-clockwise order are where the Primary air and Tertiary air enter the burner barrel via the ductwork, and running through the ductwork are two rods marked Damper shaft, and are connected to the dampers inside the ducts. Next, at the front of the illustration is marked Burner door (water cooled); the cutaway of that reveals that there's a Baffle plate behind the door.

#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page3

3. Primary Air Damper (Figures 1 & 3) - 12-17% of the total air to the cyclone enters the radial burner tangentially and imparts a whirling motion to the incoming coal. This cyclonic action moves the coal out of the burner throat and into the cyclone.

4. [b]Tertiary Air Damper (Figures 1 & 3) - 4-6% of the total air to the cyclone is admitted at the front of the burner and is used basically for cooling the burner front.

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 2 Cyclone furnace. The drawing is identical to Section 3's Fig. 6 but labeled and marked somewhat differently. What was marked as "Coal inlet" is now marked "Crushed coal inlet." Only the Cyclone barrel is marked as such with no marking for its neck. Furnace wall, Sec. air, Furnace wall tubes, and Windbox are pointed out on the left in top down order, and coming out of the windbox is marked Primary-tertiary air duct, but somewhat upward from that is marked the Primary-tertiary air shut-off damper (inside duct). the Crushed coal inlet rises from what's marked as Radial burner.

#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page2

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Alt = Labeled Fig. 1 Cyclone furnace (component location). It's a poor quality photographic representation of a cyclone and is in fact identical to Section 2's Fig.14, labeled Cyclone circuitry (neck and barrel)., on page 15 in that section, with this Alt description: poor photocopy of a photo of a rendering of a cyclone chamber which has the shape of a sideways barrel with a flat square flange on the right end; the left end is mostly closed except for a round opening on the left, and plumbing on the top and bottom. Bottom pipe labels read, in left to right order, "Neck inlet header", "Main barrel (5 subcircuits)", and "Barrel inlet header". Labeled on the righthand flange area, in order top down, are "Re-entrant throat"and "Slag tap". opposite these, on the left side of the barrel, is labeled "Neck". At the top leftmost is the label "Barrel intermediate header"; at the top rightmost is labeled "Barrel outlet header".

CYCLONE DESCRIPTION
#BoilerManual #CycloneDescription #Section5 #Page1

Cyclone description

Cyclone furnace coal firing is an alternate method to pulverized-coal firing, but in general, is used with low-ash fusion temperature coals. The suitability of fuels for the cyclone furnace will be discussed later in this section. Burning crushed coal eliminates the initial and operating costs of pulverizing equipment. Cyclone furnace firing provides additional benefits as compared to pulverized coal firing. {Baldwin had both coal crushers and coal mills, the latter of which pulverized coal into ultra fine powder. One guy told me it was the fineness of cosmetic face powder. It will still abrade a cyclone's coal feeder pipes that will leave holes in the things, and seeing a big fire through a pipe with a hole in it is impressive.}

1. Reduced flyash in stack gases results in a more compact arrangement and reduce flue-dust collection equipment costs. {not to mention equipment corrosion.}

2. Lower coal preparation equipment cost and maintenance expense for cyclone furnace firing.

3. Reduction in furnace size.

4. Auxiliary power costs are lower for low grindability coals.

CYCLONE COMPONENTS
Location, Description & Function

1. Radial Burner (Figures 1, 2 & 3) - Centrally located at the inlet end of the cyclone, it imparts a whirling motion to the crushed coal and primary air mixture. The inner survade of the burner is lined with removable wear blocks which can be replaced as required.

2. Crushed Coal Inlet (Figures 1, 2 & 3) - Coal is crushed in a simple crusher to meet recommended sizing requirements. The crushed coal is then introduced into the radial burner of the cyclone via the coal feeder.

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Trump FTC Threatens Apple With A Fake Investigation Into Its Nonexistent ‘Liberal News Bias’

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