#diffusionmri — Public Fediverse posts

DATE: August 9, 2026 at 12:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------

TITLE: The hidden architecture of forgotten first languages in the human brain

URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-architecture-of-forgotten-first-languages-in-the-human-brain/

Babies exposed to a tonal language during their first months of life maintain a unique structural wiring in their brains as adults, even if they completely stop speaking that language before age two. A recent study published in Communications Biology found that international adoptees who forgot their birth language still possessed the neural architecture resembling that of native speakers. These findings demonstrate that early linguistic environments shape brain development in ways that persist entirely independently of ongoing practice or conscious memory.

White matter tracts are the bundles of nerve fibers that connect different regions of the brain, acting like cables that transmit information. Two of these tracts, the arcuate fasciculus and the superior longitudinal fasciculus, play a leading role in how humans process language. The arcuate fasciculus connects areas located in the temporal lobe, which process auditory sounds, to frontal regions responsible for speech production. This pathway is heavily involved in mapping the sounds we hear to the physical movements required to articulate them. The superior longitudinal fasciculus connects similar frontal areas to the parietal lobe, creating a loop that helps individuals monitor and organize the speech sounds they are trying to produce.

In most people who speak non-tonal languages like English or French, these language connections are heavily concentrated in the left hemisphere. However, tonal languages like Mandarin use pitch to determine the meaning of words. Because processing pitch generally engages the right side of the brain, speaking a tonal language requires both hemispheres to work together to integrate the sound’s tone with its linguistic meaning.

Elise Barbeau, a researcher at McGill University, along with neuroscientist Denise Klein and a team of colleagues, wanted to know how this early sensory environment alters physical brain development. Specifically, they sought to determine whether the structural changes associated with learning a tonal language are maintained if the person stops hearing and using that language entirely.

To test this, the researchers compared brain scans from four distinct groups of young people and adults living in Canada. The first group consisted of 36 international adoptees born in China who were exposed to Mandarin early in life but were adopted by French-speaking families between the ages of three months and two years. After adoption, they spoke and heard only French, with no conscious memory of Mandarin.

The second group included 26 Mandarin-French bilinguals who learned Mandarin from birth and French later in childhood. The third group was made up of 33 people who grew up speaking only French. Finally, a fourth group included 25 English-French bilinguals who had never been exposed to a tonal language. All participants were highly proficient in French and used it in their daily lives.

Using an imaging technique called diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the team mapped the nerve fiber bundles in the participants’ brains. This specialized scanning method tracks the movement of water molecules along nerve fibers, allowing researchers to reconstruct the shape, direction, and volume of white matter connections.

The researchers isolated the specific sections of the arcuate fasciculus and the superior longitudinal fasciculus responsible for language processing. They then measured the total volume of these tracts, which indicates macro-level size. They also assessed their fractional anisotropy, a metric that reveals the microstructure of the tracts, such as how densely packed the nerve fibers are and how thickly they are coated in insulating myelin.

The brain structures of the international adoptees closely mirrored those of the Mandarin-French bilinguals. In both of these groups, the language pathways were distributed more symmetrically across the left and right hemispheres. They also exhibited a smaller total volume in the left hemisphere tracts compared to the groups unexposed to tonal languages. The participants who grew up speaking only French, as well as the English-French bilinguals, displayed the classic pattern of highly concentrated, larger pathways strictly in the left hemisphere.

The inclusion of the English-French bilingual group allowed the researchers to isolate general bilingualism as a factor. Because the English-French speakers shared the heavily left-leaning brain structure of the French monolingual speakers, the researchers concluded that the symmetrical brain wiring was a specific response to the demands of processing a tonal language, not just learning multiple languages.

The differences between the groups were strictly related to the overall size and volume of the tracts, as the researchers did not find statistically significant differences in the microstructural density of the nerve fibers. This suggests that the early language experience changed the physical shape and layout of the connections without necessarily altering the internal makeup of the individual fibers.

The team also examined how these brain connections grew over time by comparing the tract volumes across different ages. They found that in the international adoptee and Mandarin-speaking groups, the nerve fibers in both the right and left hemispheres continued to grow in volume as the individuals aged. In contrast, the French-only speakers mostly experienced age-related growth in the left hemisphere.

For the international adoptees, this continued structural development was not tied to the age at which they were adopted, but rather to how many years they had been speaking their new language. The early tonal experience essentially set a bilateral blueprint that the brain continued to follow even as it adapted to speaking only French.

This age-related growth pattern was specific to the arcuate fasciculus. The superior longitudinal fasciculus did not show the same continued volume increases over time, likely because different parts of the brain mature at different rates. The pathways connecting the temporal and frontal lobes tend to develop later in childhood than other regions, making them more susceptible to the long-term influence of early childhood environments.

While the results point toward early language exposure as the primary driver of these differences, the researchers note that ethnicity or genetics could play a role in brain anatomy. The groups exposed to Mandarin were of Asian descent, while the other groups were predominantly Caucasian. To address this, the researchers checked the total intracranial volume across all participants and found no disparities between the groups.

Past studies have also shown that learning a tonal language later in life induces identical changes in Caucasian learners, making early experience the most probable explanation for the current results. Still, future research comparing genetic differences alongside linguistic backgrounds could help definitively separate these factors.

Additionally, each study group consisted of less than 40 participants, making this a small study. Larger sample sizes in future studies could help confirm the consistency of these anatomical variations across broader populations. Exploring whether this enduring neural architecture gives international adoptees an advantage if they attempt to learn a new tonal language later in life remains an open question. Tracking infant brain development over time in a longitudinal study could also provide direct evidence of exactly when these permanent physical changes take place.

The study, “Early but discontinued exposure to a language exerts lasting effects on white matter architecture in the brain,” was authored by Elise B. Barbeau, Lara Pierce, Stephanie Deschamps, Shanna Kousaie, Annie Gilbert, Jen-Kai Chen, Shari Baum, and Denise Klein.

URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-architecture-of-forgotten-first-languages-in-the-human-brain/

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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #languagedevelopment #tonallanguage #neuroscience #brainarchitecture #whiteMatter #arcuatefasciculus #superiorlongitudinalfasciculus #diffusionMRI #bilingualism #earlyexposure

DATE: August 9, 2026 at 12:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------

TITLE: The hidden architecture of forgotten first languages in the human brain

URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-architecture-of-forgotten-first-languages-in-the-human-brain/

Babies exposed to a tonal language during their first months of life maintain a unique structural wiring in their brains as adults, even if they completely stop speaking that language before age two. A recent study published in Communications Biology found that international adoptees who forgot their birth language still possessed the neural architecture resembling that of native speakers. These findings demonstrate that early linguistic environments shape brain development in ways that persist entirely independently of ongoing practice or conscious memory.

White matter tracts are the bundles of nerve fibers that connect different regions of the brain, acting like cables that transmit information. Two of these tracts, the arcuate fasciculus and the superior longitudinal fasciculus, play a leading role in how humans process language. The arcuate fasciculus connects areas located in the temporal lobe, which process auditory sounds, to frontal regions responsible for speech production. This pathway is heavily involved in mapping the sounds we hear to the physical movements required to articulate them. The superior longitudinal fasciculus connects similar frontal areas to the parietal lobe, creating a loop that helps individuals monitor and organize the speech sounds they are trying to produce.

In most people who speak non-tonal languages like English or French, these language connections are heavily concentrated in the left hemisphere. However, tonal languages like Mandarin use pitch to determine the meaning of words. Because processing pitch generally engages the right side of the brain, speaking a tonal language requires both hemispheres to work together to integrate the sound’s tone with its linguistic meaning.

Elise Barbeau, a researcher at McGill University, along with neuroscientist Denise Klein and a team of colleagues, wanted to know how this early sensory environment alters physical brain development. Specifically, they sought to determine whether the structural changes associated with learning a tonal language are maintained if the person stops hearing and using that language entirely.

To test this, the researchers compared brain scans from four distinct groups of young people and adults living in Canada. The first group consisted of 36 international adoptees born in China who were exposed to Mandarin early in life but were adopted by French-speaking families between the ages of three months and two years. After adoption, they spoke and heard only French, with no conscious memory of Mandarin.

The second group included 26 Mandarin-French bilinguals who learned Mandarin from birth and French later in childhood. The third group was made up of 33 people who grew up speaking only French. Finally, a fourth group included 25 English-French bilinguals who had never been exposed to a tonal language. All participants were highly proficient in French and used it in their daily lives.

Using an imaging technique called diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the team mapped the nerve fiber bundles in the participants’ brains. This specialized scanning method tracks the movement of water molecules along nerve fibers, allowing researchers to reconstruct the shape, direction, and volume of white matter connections.

The researchers isolated the specific sections of the arcuate fasciculus and the superior longitudinal fasciculus responsible for language processing. They then measured the total volume of these tracts, which indicates macro-level size. They also assessed their fractional anisotropy, a metric that reveals the microstructure of the tracts, such as how densely packed the nerve fibers are and how thickly they are coated in insulating myelin.

The brain structures of the international adoptees closely mirrored those of the Mandarin-French bilinguals. In both of these groups, the language pathways were distributed more symmetrically across the left and right hemispheres. They also exhibited a smaller total volume in the left hemisphere tracts compared to the groups unexposed to tonal languages. The participants who grew up speaking only French, as well as the English-French bilinguals, displayed the classic pattern of highly concentrated, larger pathways strictly in the left hemisphere.

The inclusion of the English-French bilingual group allowed the researchers to isolate general bilingualism as a factor. Because the English-French speakers shared the heavily left-leaning brain structure of the French monolingual speakers, the researchers concluded that the symmetrical brain wiring was a specific response to the demands of processing a tonal language, not just learning multiple languages.

The differences between the groups were strictly related to the overall size and volume of the tracts, as the researchers did not find statistically significant differences in the microstructural density of the nerve fibers. This suggests that the early language experience changed the physical shape and layout of the connections without necessarily altering the internal makeup of the individual fibers.

The team also examined how these brain connections grew over time by comparing the tract volumes across different ages. They found that in the international adoptee and Mandarin-speaking groups, the nerve fibers in both the right and left hemispheres continued to grow in volume as the individuals aged. In contrast, the French-only speakers mostly experienced age-related growth in the left hemisphere.

For the international adoptees, this continued structural development was not tied to the age at which they were adopted, but rather to how many years they had been speaking their new language. The early tonal experience essentially set a bilateral blueprint that the brain continued to follow even as it adapted to speaking only French.

This age-related growth pattern was specific to the arcuate fasciculus. The superior longitudinal fasciculus did not show the same continued volume increases over time, likely because different parts of the brain mature at different rates. The pathways connecting the temporal and frontal lobes tend to develop later in childhood than other regions, making them more susceptible to the long-term influence of early childhood environments.

While the results point toward early language exposure as the primary driver of these differences, the researchers note that ethnicity or genetics could play a role in brain anatomy. The groups exposed to Mandarin were of Asian descent, while the other groups were predominantly Caucasian. To address this, the researchers checked the total intracranial volume across all participants and found no disparities between the groups.

Past studies have also shown that learning a tonal language later in life induces identical changes in Caucasian learners, making early experience the most probable explanation for the current results. Still, future research comparing genetic differences alongside linguistic backgrounds could help definitively separate these factors.

Additionally, each study group consisted of less than 40 participants, making this a small study. Larger sample sizes in future studies could help confirm the consistency of these anatomical variations across broader populations. Exploring whether this enduring neural architecture gives international adoptees an advantage if they attempt to learn a new tonal language later in life remains an open question. Tracking infant brain development over time in a longitudinal study could also provide direct evidence of exactly when these permanent physical changes take place.

The study, “Early but discontinued exposure to a language exerts lasting effects on white matter architecture in the brain,” was authored by Elise B. Barbeau, Lara Pierce, Stephanie Deschamps, Shanna Kousaie, Annie Gilbert, Jen-Kai Chen, Shari Baum, and Denise Klein.

URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-architecture-of-forgotten-first-languages-in-the-human-brain/

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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #languagedevelopment #tonallanguage #neuroscience #brainarchitecture #whiteMatter #arcuatefasciculus #superiorlongitudinalfasciculus #diffusionMRI #bilingualism #earlyexposure

DATE: August 9, 2026 at 12:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------

TITLE: The hidden architecture of forgotten first languages in the human brain

URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-architecture-of-forgotten-first-languages-in-the-human-brain/

Babies exposed to a tonal language during their first months of life maintain a unique structural wiring in their brains as adults, even if they completely stop speaking that language before age two. A recent study published in Communications Biology found that international adoptees who forgot their birth language still possessed the neural architecture resembling that of native speakers. These findings demonstrate that early linguistic environments shape brain development in ways that persist entirely independently of ongoing practice or conscious memory.

White matter tracts are the bundles of nerve fibers that connect different regions of the brain, acting like cables that transmit information. Two of these tracts, the arcuate fasciculus and the superior longitudinal fasciculus, play a leading role in how humans process language. The arcuate fasciculus connects areas located in the temporal lobe, which process auditory sounds, to frontal regions responsible for speech production. This pathway is heavily involved in mapping the sounds we hear to the physical movements required to articulate them. The superior longitudinal fasciculus connects similar frontal areas to the parietal lobe, creating a loop that helps individuals monitor and organize the speech sounds they are trying to produce.

In most people who speak non-tonal languages like English or French, these language connections are heavily concentrated in the left hemisphere. However, tonal languages like Mandarin use pitch to determine the meaning of words. Because processing pitch generally engages the right side of the brain, speaking a tonal language requires both hemispheres to work together to integrate the sound’s tone with its linguistic meaning.

Elise Barbeau, a researcher at McGill University, along with neuroscientist Denise Klein and a team of colleagues, wanted to know how this early sensory environment alters physical brain development. Specifically, they sought to determine whether the structural changes associated with learning a tonal language are maintained if the person stops hearing and using that language entirely.

To test this, the researchers compared brain scans from four distinct groups of young people and adults living in Canada. The first group consisted of 36 international adoptees born in China who were exposed to Mandarin early in life but were adopted by French-speaking families between the ages of three months and two years. After adoption, they spoke and heard only French, with no conscious memory of Mandarin.

The second group included 26 Mandarin-French bilinguals who learned Mandarin from birth and French later in childhood. The third group was made up of 33 people who grew up speaking only French. Finally, a fourth group included 25 English-French bilinguals who had never been exposed to a tonal language. All participants were highly proficient in French and used it in their daily lives.

Using an imaging technique called diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, the team mapped the nerve fiber bundles in the participants’ brains. This specialized scanning method tracks the movement of water molecules along nerve fibers, allowing researchers to reconstruct the shape, direction, and volume of white matter connections.

The researchers isolated the specific sections of the arcuate fasciculus and the superior longitudinal fasciculus responsible for language processing. They then measured the total volume of these tracts, which indicates macro-level size. They also assessed their fractional anisotropy, a metric that reveals the microstructure of the tracts, such as how densely packed the nerve fibers are and how thickly they are coated in insulating myelin.

The brain structures of the international adoptees closely mirrored those of the Mandarin-French bilinguals. In both of these groups, the language pathways were distributed more symmetrically across the left and right hemispheres. They also exhibited a smaller total volume in the left hemisphere tracts compared to the groups unexposed to tonal languages. The participants who grew up speaking only French, as well as the English-French bilinguals, displayed the classic pattern of highly concentrated, larger pathways strictly in the left hemisphere.

The inclusion of the English-French bilingual group allowed the researchers to isolate general bilingualism as a factor. Because the English-French speakers shared the heavily left-leaning brain structure of the French monolingual speakers, the researchers concluded that the symmetrical brain wiring was a specific response to the demands of processing a tonal language, not just learning multiple languages.

The differences between the groups were strictly related to the overall size and volume of the tracts, as the researchers did not find statistically significant differences in the microstructural density of the nerve fibers. This suggests that the early language experience changed the physical shape and layout of the connections without necessarily altering the internal makeup of the individual fibers.

The team also examined how these brain connections grew over time by comparing the tract volumes across different ages. They found that in the international adoptee and Mandarin-speaking groups, the nerve fibers in both the right and left hemispheres continued to grow in volume as the individuals aged. In contrast, the French-only speakers mostly experienced age-related growth in the left hemisphere.

For the international adoptees, this continued structural development was not tied to the age at which they were adopted, but rather to how many years they had been speaking their new language. The early tonal experience essentially set a bilateral blueprint that the brain continued to follow even as it adapted to speaking only French.

This age-related growth pattern was specific to the arcuate fasciculus. The superior longitudinal fasciculus did not show the same continued volume increases over time, likely because different parts of the brain mature at different rates. The pathways connecting the temporal and frontal lobes tend to develop later in childhood than other regions, making them more susceptible to the long-term influence of early childhood environments.

While the results point toward early language exposure as the primary driver of these differences, the researchers note that ethnicity or genetics could play a role in brain anatomy. The groups exposed to Mandarin were of Asian descent, while the other groups were predominantly Caucasian. To address this, the researchers checked the total intracranial volume across all participants and found no disparities between the groups.

Past studies have also shown that learning a tonal language later in life induces identical changes in Caucasian learners, making early experience the most probable explanation for the current results. Still, future research comparing genetic differences alongside linguistic backgrounds could help definitively separate these factors.

Additionally, each study group consisted of less than 40 participants, making this a small study. Larger sample sizes in future studies could help confirm the consistency of these anatomical variations across broader populations. Exploring whether this enduring neural architecture gives international adoptees an advantage if they attempt to learn a new tonal language later in life remains an open question. Tracking infant brain development over time in a longitudinal study could also provide direct evidence of exactly when these permanent physical changes take place.

The study, “Early but discontinued exposure to a language exerts lasting effects on white matter architecture in the brain,” was authored by Elise B. Barbeau, Lara Pierce, Stephanie Deschamps, Shanna Kousaie, Annie Gilbert, Jen-Kai Chen, Shari Baum, and Denise Klein.

URL: https://www.psypost.org/the-hidden-architecture-of-forgotten-first-languages-in-the-human-brain/

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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #languagedevelopment #tonallanguage #neuroscience #brainarchitecture #whiteMatter #arcuatefasciculus #superiorlongitudinalfasciculus #diffusionMRI #bilingualism #earlyexposure

DATE: August 7, 2026 at 12:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------

TITLE: Brain wiring patterns linked to harm avoidance in obsessive-compulsive disorder

URL: https://www.psypost.org/brain-wiring-patterns-linked-to-harm-avoidance-in-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/

Researchers have identified a specific pattern of brain wiring associated with the tendency to excessively avoid potential harm, a common trait in obsessive-compulsive disorder and other psychiatric conditions. The study, published in Neuropsychopharmacology, shows that denser microscopic connections between two distinct brain regions relate to higher levels of this avoidance behavior across different diagnostic groups. These structural brain differences offer a biological target for researchers developing future psychiatric treatments.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors. Two primary dimensions often drive these symptoms. One is harm avoidance, an intense sensitivity to potential threats and an urge to prevent them. The other is incompleteness, a persistent feeling that things are imperfect or not quite right.

These traits are not exclusive to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Harm avoidance frequently occurs in anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. Incompleteness is a hallmark symptom of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, a distinct condition characterized by rigid perfectionism and a need for control.

Because these behavioral traits appear across various mental health conditions, researchers suspect they might share common biological roots in the brain. Previous brain imaging studies hinted at a relationship between the prefrontal cortex and the severity of these symptoms. The prefrontal cortex is the area of the brain that handles high-level cognitive functions, including risk assessment and emotional regulation.

University of Pittsburgh psychiatry researcher João Paulo Lima Santos led a team to investigate the brain architecture underlying these specific behavioral traits. Along with senior researchers Steven A. Rasmussen and Mary L. Phillips, Lima Santos aimed to replicate earlier findings in a new group of participants. The researchers also wanted to see if these brain patterns appear in people with other psychiatric diagnoses, pointing to a universal biological mechanism.

The study utilized diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, a specialized scanning technique. This technology allows researchers to map white matter in the brain. White matter consists of the insulated nerve fibers that act as communication cables, transmitting signals between different brain regions.

Through a computational process called whole-brain tractography, algorithms trace the path of water molecules as they diffuse along these nerve fibers. Because water moves more easily along the length of a fiber rather than across its boundaries, mapping this diffusion reveals the brain’s internal wiring diagram.

The research team focused on tracts connecting the prefrontal cortex to subcortical regions deep within the brain. Specifically, they looked at the thalamus, which acts as the brain’s central relay station for sensory and motor signals. They also examined connections to the striatum, a cluster of neurons involved in reward processing and habit formation.

To quantify the microscopic structure of these connections, the scientists measured fractional anisotropy. This metric indicates the density and directional alignment of white matter fibers. Higher fractional anisotropy suggests a denser, more structurally organized bundle of nerve connections.

The researchers recruited a diverse set of participants for their primary analysis. This included a small study group of 38 healthy controls and another group of 47 individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Participants completed specialized clinical questionnaires to measure their baseline levels of harm avoidance and incompleteness.

In their first statistical model, the researchers analyzed the healthy controls and the participants with obsessive-compulsive disorder. They found that higher fractional anisotropy in the connections between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the thalamus related to higher levels of harm avoidance. This pattern appeared in both the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex is heavily involved in evaluating situational demands and preparing responses to potential threats. A denser connection between this area and the thalamus might reflect an overactive system for perceiving danger. This heightened sensitivity could biologically drive the behavioral patterns of harm avoidance.

In the same group, the researchers also looked at the feeling of incompleteness. They observed that higher fractional anisotropy in the left dorsomedial prefrontal-thalamic connection was associated with higher incompleteness scores. The team found no statistical relationship between prefrontal-striatum connections and either symptom dimension.

The researchers looked at other secondary metrics of water diffusion in the brain, including radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity. These additional metrics yielded no statistical associations with the behavioral traits.

Next, the researchers expanded their analysis to test whether these structural associations exist outside of typical obsessive-compulsive disorder. They added a small group of 21 participants diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In this expanded pool, the structural links to both harm avoidance and incompleteness remained the same.

The team then added another 20 participants who had non-obsessive-compulsive psychiatric conditions, such as panic disorder, social anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In this broader group, the association between both the left and right dorsomedial prefrontal-thalamic connections and harm avoidance persisted. The link to incompleteness was not statistically significant in this specific model.

To test the robustness of their findings, the scientists created a final, combined dataset. They merged their current participants with data from an older, original study pool containing 42 healthy controls and 44 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. This created a much larger and more clinically diverse sample.

In this combined analysis, higher fractional anisotropy in the left dorsomedial prefrontal-thalamic connection once again tracked with higher levels of both harm avoidance and incompleteness. The connection in the right hemisphere lost its statistical association with harm avoidance in this expanded group.

Across all the different models, the connection in the left hemisphere consistently predicted the severity of harm avoidance. This persistence suggests that the left prefrontal-thalamic pathway might serve as a universal biological mechanism for threat sensitivity across different psychiatric populations. The right hemisphere connection appears more sensitive to the specific makeup or severity of the patient group.

The study design is observational and prevents researchers from determining cause and effect. It is unclear if denser white matter tracts cause heightened threat sensitivity or if a lifetime of hypervigilant behavior alters the brain’s physical structure.

The participant groups for the individual psychiatric conditions were relatively small. These small sample sizes limit the statistical power of the specific within-group analyses. Larger studies with greater variability in symptom severity are necessary to confirm these structural brain patterns.

The researchers used automated software to label the different regions of the brain. While standard in the neuroimaging field, this automated method might miss subtle anatomical differences between individual people. Future research could combine automated tools with individualized brain mapping for greater precision.

The neuroimaging protocol relied on single-shell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. This older scanning method captures less microscopic detail than newer multi-shell techniques. More advanced imaging could provide a more nuanced picture of the specific white matter fiber segments involved in these psychiatric conditions.

While the researchers found that current psychiatric medications did not alter the results, the study did not track long-term medication use. Future longitudinal studies will need to monitor how pharmaceutical treatments might physically change these white matter connections over time.

The study, “Medial prefrontal-thalamic white matter microstructure is associated with harm avoidance in OCD: a discovery and transdiagnostic replication study,” was authored by João Paulo Lima Santos, Amelia Versace, Manan Arora, Michele A. Bertocci, Henry W. Chase, Simona Graur, Lisa Bonar, Chiara Maffei, Anastasia Yendiki, Christina L. Boisseau, Suzanne N. Haber, Steven A. Rasmussen, and Mary L. Phillips.

URL: https://www.psypost.org/brain-wiring-patterns-linked-to-harm-avoidance-in-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/

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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #harmavoidance #OCD #prefrontalthalamicconnection #white matter #diffusionMRI #neuroimaging #mentalhealthresearch #transdiagnostic #dorsomedialPFC #brainwiring

DATE: August 7, 2026 at 12:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------

TITLE: Brain wiring patterns linked to harm avoidance in obsessive-compulsive disorder

URL: https://www.psypost.org/brain-wiring-patterns-linked-to-harm-avoidance-in-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/

Researchers have identified a specific pattern of brain wiring associated with the tendency to excessively avoid potential harm, a common trait in obsessive-compulsive disorder and other psychiatric conditions. The study, published in Neuropsychopharmacology, shows that denser microscopic connections between two distinct brain regions relate to higher levels of this avoidance behavior across different diagnostic groups. These structural brain differences offer a biological target for researchers developing future psychiatric treatments.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors. Two primary dimensions often drive these symptoms. One is harm avoidance, an intense sensitivity to potential threats and an urge to prevent them. The other is incompleteness, a persistent feeling that things are imperfect or not quite right.

These traits are not exclusive to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Harm avoidance frequently occurs in anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. Incompleteness is a hallmark symptom of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, a distinct condition characterized by rigid perfectionism and a need for control.

Because these behavioral traits appear across various mental health conditions, researchers suspect they might share common biological roots in the brain. Previous brain imaging studies hinted at a relationship between the prefrontal cortex and the severity of these symptoms. The prefrontal cortex is the area of the brain that handles high-level cognitive functions, including risk assessment and emotional regulation.

University of Pittsburgh psychiatry researcher João Paulo Lima Santos led a team to investigate the brain architecture underlying these specific behavioral traits. Along with senior researchers Steven A. Rasmussen and Mary L. Phillips, Lima Santos aimed to replicate earlier findings in a new group of participants. The researchers also wanted to see if these brain patterns appear in people with other psychiatric diagnoses, pointing to a universal biological mechanism.

The study utilized diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, a specialized scanning technique. This technology allows researchers to map white matter in the brain. White matter consists of the insulated nerve fibers that act as communication cables, transmitting signals between different brain regions.

Through a computational process called whole-brain tractography, algorithms trace the path of water molecules as they diffuse along these nerve fibers. Because water moves more easily along the length of a fiber rather than across its boundaries, mapping this diffusion reveals the brain’s internal wiring diagram.

The research team focused on tracts connecting the prefrontal cortex to subcortical regions deep within the brain. Specifically, they looked at the thalamus, which acts as the brain’s central relay station for sensory and motor signals. They also examined connections to the striatum, a cluster of neurons involved in reward processing and habit formation.

To quantify the microscopic structure of these connections, the scientists measured fractional anisotropy. This metric indicates the density and directional alignment of white matter fibers. Higher fractional anisotropy suggests a denser, more structurally organized bundle of nerve connections.

The researchers recruited a diverse set of participants for their primary analysis. This included a small study group of 38 healthy controls and another group of 47 individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Participants completed specialized clinical questionnaires to measure their baseline levels of harm avoidance and incompleteness.

In their first statistical model, the researchers analyzed the healthy controls and the participants with obsessive-compulsive disorder. They found that higher fractional anisotropy in the connections between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the thalamus related to higher levels of harm avoidance. This pattern appeared in both the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex is heavily involved in evaluating situational demands and preparing responses to potential threats. A denser connection between this area and the thalamus might reflect an overactive system for perceiving danger. This heightened sensitivity could biologically drive the behavioral patterns of harm avoidance.

In the same group, the researchers also looked at the feeling of incompleteness. They observed that higher fractional anisotropy in the left dorsomedial prefrontal-thalamic connection was associated with higher incompleteness scores. The team found no statistical relationship between prefrontal-striatum connections and either symptom dimension.

The researchers looked at other secondary metrics of water diffusion in the brain, including radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity. These additional metrics yielded no statistical associations with the behavioral traits.

Next, the researchers expanded their analysis to test whether these structural associations exist outside of typical obsessive-compulsive disorder. They added a small group of 21 participants diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In this expanded pool, the structural links to both harm avoidance and incompleteness remained the same.

The team then added another 20 participants who had non-obsessive-compulsive psychiatric conditions, such as panic disorder, social anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In this broader group, the association between both the left and right dorsomedial prefrontal-thalamic connections and harm avoidance persisted. The link to incompleteness was not statistically significant in this specific model.

To test the robustness of their findings, the scientists created a final, combined dataset. They merged their current participants with data from an older, original study pool containing 42 healthy controls and 44 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. This created a much larger and more clinically diverse sample.

In this combined analysis, higher fractional anisotropy in the left dorsomedial prefrontal-thalamic connection once again tracked with higher levels of both harm avoidance and incompleteness. The connection in the right hemisphere lost its statistical association with harm avoidance in this expanded group.

Across all the different models, the connection in the left hemisphere consistently predicted the severity of harm avoidance. This persistence suggests that the left prefrontal-thalamic pathway might serve as a universal biological mechanism for threat sensitivity across different psychiatric populations. The right hemisphere connection appears more sensitive to the specific makeup or severity of the patient group.

The study design is observational and prevents researchers from determining cause and effect. It is unclear if denser white matter tracts cause heightened threat sensitivity or if a lifetime of hypervigilant behavior alters the brain’s physical structure.

The participant groups for the individual psychiatric conditions were relatively small. These small sample sizes limit the statistical power of the specific within-group analyses. Larger studies with greater variability in symptom severity are necessary to confirm these structural brain patterns.

The researchers used automated software to label the different regions of the brain. While standard in the neuroimaging field, this automated method might miss subtle anatomical differences between individual people. Future research could combine automated tools with individualized brain mapping for greater precision.

The neuroimaging protocol relied on single-shell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. This older scanning method captures less microscopic detail than newer multi-shell techniques. More advanced imaging could provide a more nuanced picture of the specific white matter fiber segments involved in these psychiatric conditions.

While the researchers found that current psychiatric medications did not alter the results, the study did not track long-term medication use. Future longitudinal studies will need to monitor how pharmaceutical treatments might physically change these white matter connections over time.

The study, “Medial prefrontal-thalamic white matter microstructure is associated with harm avoidance in OCD: a discovery and transdiagnostic replication study,” was authored by João Paulo Lima Santos, Amelia Versace, Manan Arora, Michele A. Bertocci, Henry W. Chase, Simona Graur, Lisa Bonar, Chiara Maffei, Anastasia Yendiki, Christina L. Boisseau, Suzanne N. Haber, Steven A. Rasmussen, and Mary L. Phillips.

URL: https://www.psypost.org/brain-wiring-patterns-linked-to-harm-avoidance-in-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/

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DATE: August 7, 2026 at 12:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------

TITLE: Brain wiring patterns linked to harm avoidance in obsessive-compulsive disorder

URL: https://www.psypost.org/brain-wiring-patterns-linked-to-harm-avoidance-in-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/

Researchers have identified a specific pattern of brain wiring associated with the tendency to excessively avoid potential harm, a common trait in obsessive-compulsive disorder and other psychiatric conditions. The study, published in Neuropsychopharmacology, shows that denser microscopic connections between two distinct brain regions relate to higher levels of this avoidance behavior across different diagnostic groups. These structural brain differences offer a biological target for researchers developing future psychiatric treatments.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder involves intrusive thoughts and repetitive behaviors. Two primary dimensions often drive these symptoms. One is harm avoidance, an intense sensitivity to potential threats and an urge to prevent them. The other is incompleteness, a persistent feeling that things are imperfect or not quite right.

These traits are not exclusive to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Harm avoidance frequently occurs in anxiety disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder. Incompleteness is a hallmark symptom of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, a distinct condition characterized by rigid perfectionism and a need for control.

Because these behavioral traits appear across various mental health conditions, researchers suspect they might share common biological roots in the brain. Previous brain imaging studies hinted at a relationship between the prefrontal cortex and the severity of these symptoms. The prefrontal cortex is the area of the brain that handles high-level cognitive functions, including risk assessment and emotional regulation.

University of Pittsburgh psychiatry researcher João Paulo Lima Santos led a team to investigate the brain architecture underlying these specific behavioral traits. Along with senior researchers Steven A. Rasmussen and Mary L. Phillips, Lima Santos aimed to replicate earlier findings in a new group of participants. The researchers also wanted to see if these brain patterns appear in people with other psychiatric diagnoses, pointing to a universal biological mechanism.

The study utilized diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, a specialized scanning technique. This technology allows researchers to map white matter in the brain. White matter consists of the insulated nerve fibers that act as communication cables, transmitting signals between different brain regions.

Through a computational process called whole-brain tractography, algorithms trace the path of water molecules as they diffuse along these nerve fibers. Because water moves more easily along the length of a fiber rather than across its boundaries, mapping this diffusion reveals the brain’s internal wiring diagram.

The research team focused on tracts connecting the prefrontal cortex to subcortical regions deep within the brain. Specifically, they looked at the thalamus, which acts as the brain’s central relay station for sensory and motor signals. They also examined connections to the striatum, a cluster of neurons involved in reward processing and habit formation.

To quantify the microscopic structure of these connections, the scientists measured fractional anisotropy. This metric indicates the density and directional alignment of white matter fibers. Higher fractional anisotropy suggests a denser, more structurally organized bundle of nerve connections.

The researchers recruited a diverse set of participants for their primary analysis. This included a small study group of 38 healthy controls and another group of 47 individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Participants completed specialized clinical questionnaires to measure their baseline levels of harm avoidance and incompleteness.

In their first statistical model, the researchers analyzed the healthy controls and the participants with obsessive-compulsive disorder. They found that higher fractional anisotropy in the connections between the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex and the thalamus related to higher levels of harm avoidance. This pattern appeared in both the left and right hemispheres of the brain.

The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex is heavily involved in evaluating situational demands and preparing responses to potential threats. A denser connection between this area and the thalamus might reflect an overactive system for perceiving danger. This heightened sensitivity could biologically drive the behavioral patterns of harm avoidance.

In the same group, the researchers also looked at the feeling of incompleteness. They observed that higher fractional anisotropy in the left dorsomedial prefrontal-thalamic connection was associated with higher incompleteness scores. The team found no statistical relationship between prefrontal-striatum connections and either symptom dimension.

The researchers looked at other secondary metrics of water diffusion in the brain, including radial diffusivity and axial diffusivity. These additional metrics yielded no statistical associations with the behavioral traits.

Next, the researchers expanded their analysis to test whether these structural associations exist outside of typical obsessive-compulsive disorder. They added a small group of 21 participants diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. In this expanded pool, the structural links to both harm avoidance and incompleteness remained the same.

The team then added another 20 participants who had non-obsessive-compulsive psychiatric conditions, such as panic disorder, social anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. In this broader group, the association between both the left and right dorsomedial prefrontal-thalamic connections and harm avoidance persisted. The link to incompleteness was not statistically significant in this specific model.

To test the robustness of their findings, the scientists created a final, combined dataset. They merged their current participants with data from an older, original study pool containing 42 healthy controls and 44 people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. This created a much larger and more clinically diverse sample.

In this combined analysis, higher fractional anisotropy in the left dorsomedial prefrontal-thalamic connection once again tracked with higher levels of both harm avoidance and incompleteness. The connection in the right hemisphere lost its statistical association with harm avoidance in this expanded group.

Across all the different models, the connection in the left hemisphere consistently predicted the severity of harm avoidance. This persistence suggests that the left prefrontal-thalamic pathway might serve as a universal biological mechanism for threat sensitivity across different psychiatric populations. The right hemisphere connection appears more sensitive to the specific makeup or severity of the patient group.

The study design is observational and prevents researchers from determining cause and effect. It is unclear if denser white matter tracts cause heightened threat sensitivity or if a lifetime of hypervigilant behavior alters the brain’s physical structure.

The participant groups for the individual psychiatric conditions were relatively small. These small sample sizes limit the statistical power of the specific within-group analyses. Larger studies with greater variability in symptom severity are necessary to confirm these structural brain patterns.

The researchers used automated software to label the different regions of the brain. While standard in the neuroimaging field, this automated method might miss subtle anatomical differences between individual people. Future research could combine automated tools with individualized brain mapping for greater precision.

The neuroimaging protocol relied on single-shell diffusion magnetic resonance imaging. This older scanning method captures less microscopic detail than newer multi-shell techniques. More advanced imaging could provide a more nuanced picture of the specific white matter fiber segments involved in these psychiatric conditions.

While the researchers found that current psychiatric medications did not alter the results, the study did not track long-term medication use. Future longitudinal studies will need to monitor how pharmaceutical treatments might physically change these white matter connections over time.

The study, “Medial prefrontal-thalamic white matter microstructure is associated with harm avoidance in OCD: a discovery and transdiagnostic replication study,” was authored by João Paulo Lima Santos, Amelia Versace, Manan Arora, Michele A. Bertocci, Henry W. Chase, Simona Graur, Lisa Bonar, Chiara Maffei, Anastasia Yendiki, Christina L. Boisseau, Suzanne N. Haber, Steven A. Rasmussen, and Mary L. Phillips.

URL: https://www.psypost.org/brain-wiring-patterns-linked-to-harm-avoidance-in-obsessive-compulsive-disorder/

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DATE: July 24, 2026 at 08:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------

TITLE: Learning a new skill triggers both temporary cell swelling and lasting structural growth in the human brain

URL: https://www.psypost.org/learning-a-new-skill-triggers-both-temporary-cell-swelling-and-lasting-structural-growth-in-the-human-brain/

A new study published in PLoS Biology has found that learning a new motor skill sets off two different types of cellular changes in the human brain. The findings suggest that the brain experiences a temporary swelling of cell bodies followed by a long-lasting growth of cellular extensions in specific regions. This dual response offers a deeper understanding of how the human brain physically adapts when we learn something new.

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to remodel its physical structure in response to new experiences. This biological process supports learning and memory, and it also influences a person’s vulnerability to neurological conditions.

Valeria Della-Maggiore, an associate professor at the National University of San Martin and the University of Buenos Aires, led the research. She also serves as an adjunct professor at McGill University and directs the Physiology of Action Lab.

“Structural plasticity, the brain’s ability to remodel its connections in response to experience, is fundamental to learning and memory and shapes development and degenerative disorders,” she told PsyPost. She explained that most human studies over the past two decades have used standard MRI protocols to detect changes in brain microstructure, assuming these changes were always plastic in nature.

“Yet animal studies show that cells may undergo structural changes that do not always reflect synapse remodeling,” Della-Maggiore said. “To disambiguate plastic from non-plastic processes, we combined ultra-high-gradient diffusion MRI with SANDI, a biophysical model that allows making inferences at the level of cellular compartments, that is, cell bodies and cell processes.”

To measure structural changes in humans, scientists have typically relied on a brain scanning technique called diffusion tensor imaging, or DTI. This method measures how water molecules move and diffuse through brain tissue. By tracking this water movement, scientists can infer changes in the brain’s microscopic structure.

DTI blends the signals from various parts of the brain tissue together. “DTI captures a single, global signal: it can tell you that a change in one region lasts longer than in another, but not what underlies it,” Della-Maggiore said. Because of this blending, the technique cannot easily distinguish between a permanent structural change and a temporary biological reaction.

To address this limitation, the authors utilized highly sensitive magnetic resonance imaging paired with the specialized mathematical model called Soma and Neurite Density Imaging, or SANDI. Rather than grouping all tissue signals together, SANDI separates the scanning signals into three distinct categories. These categories include the cell bodies, the cellular extensions called neurites, and the extracellular fluid surrounding the cells.

“This study was only possible through a genuinely multidisciplinary effort, in which neuroscientists, experts in diffusion MRI, mathematicians and modeling specialists, and engineers worked together around a single scientific question,” Della-Maggiore said.

The collaboration included her lab along with the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre. “Bringing these different forms of expertise into alignment is what made it possible to extract biological insight from a non-invasive measurement, something no single discipline could have achieved on its own,” she added.

The study included 29 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 36, consisting of 16 females and 13 males. All participants were right-handed and reported no history of neurological or psychiatric conditions. They completed a motor sequence learning task involving typing a specific five-number sequence on a keyboard using the four fingers of their left, non-dominant hand. The exact sequence was 4-1-3-2-4, with the number 4 representing the index finger and the number 1 representing the pinky finger.

Participants were instructed to type the sequence as quickly and accurately as possible. They completed 15 practice blocks of this finger-tapping sequence. Each block consisted of 12 sequences and was separated by 25 seconds of rest. The entire training session took about 15 to 20 minutes.

To assess how well the participants retained the skill overnight, they were asked to complete eight additional practice blocks 24 hours later. To track brain activity and physical changes, the scientists used an ultra-high-gradient MRI scanner, which offers exceptional sensitivity for capturing microscopic tissue details. They collected functional MRI scans to measure active brain regions during the task. They also collected advanced diffusion MRI scans at three specific points: before the practice session began, 30 minutes after the practice ended, and 24 hours later.

The behavioral data showed that participants improved their typing speed and accuracy primarily during the short rest periods between practice blocks. The functional brain scans aligned with this observation, revealing increased activity in the brain’s memory and motor regions during these brief breaks. However, the most specific discoveries emerged from the SANDI model used to track cellular changes.

“When you learn a new skill, two processes of different spatial and temporal dynamics take place in your brain at the cellular level,” Della-Maggiore said. “One is transient and occurs at the level of cell bodies, which increase in size across all brain regions engaged by the task. The other is persistent, confined to the regions specifically involved in learning, and occurs at the level of cell processes, compatible with structural plasticity.”

The researchers found that DTI scans alone missed a layer of detail. “Our approach revealed something DTI cannot see, that the regions showing lasting changes also carry a transient response,” Della-Maggiore explained. “In other words, beneath what DTI reads as a single persistent effect, there are in fact two distinct processes unfolding on different timescales.”

Specifically, the researchers found a temporary increase in the apparent density of cell bodies across all the brain areas engaged by the task. These areas included the hippocampus, the primary motor cortex, the posterior parietal cortex, and the precuneus. This physical change was observed 30 minutes after the practice session. By the 24-hour mark, the cell bodies in these regions had returned to their normal baseline size.

“The second [surprise] was the spatial pattern: a transient change at the level of the cell body appeared uniformly across all regions engaged by learning, whereas the sustained change in cellular processes was confined to those regions specific to the learned skill,” Della-Maggiore said. “It was this dissociation, in both space and time, that let us infer different biological processes underlying these responses: a homeostatic process such as swelling of cell bodies induced by increased neuronal activity, and cell-process remodeling mediating genuine structural plasticity.”

The authors propose that this short-lived cell expansion is a temporary biological reaction to balance out intense cellular activity. When brain cells are highly active, they experience an imbalance of ions. To correct this imbalance, water flows into the cells, causing them to temporarily swell.

In addition to the temporary swelling, the SANDI model revealed a second, longer-lasting change in specific areas of the brain. The researchers observed a sustained increase in the density of cellular extensions in the precuneus and the posterior parietal cortex. These cellular extensions include structures like dendrites and axons, which connect different brain cells to one another.

This increase in cellular extensions persisted a full day after the learning task. The researchers noticed a direct link to task performance. “Notably, the more a person improved, the stronger this second change was,” Della-Maggiore said.

Interestingly, this long-lasting structural remodeling did not occur in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is a brain region known for helping encode new memories early in the learning process. The findings suggest that while the hippocampus is engaged initially, the long-term structural changes required to retain a motor skill happen in the outer layers of the brain, known as the cortex.

“The broader message is that a change in brain structure is not, in itself, evidence of learning-related plasticity,” Della-Maggiore said. “Being able to separate these processes in a living brain, non-invasively, provides something that did not exist before in human neuroscience: a mechanistic window onto brain plasticity, allowing us to begin inferring biological mechanisms directly in humans rather than relying on animal models.”

Interpreting these findings requires acknowledging a few limitations related to the scanning technology. The SANDI model estimates relative signal fractions of cell components rather than providing a direct physical measurement of cellular volume. The technique relies on specific mathematical assumptions about how water moves in the brain.

“Our approach does not quantify cells or cell processes directly,” Della-Maggiore explained. “It infers how much different cellular components contribute to the MRI signal, based on a biophysical model whose interpretation is grounded in animal and histological evidence.”

She added that referring to changes in cell bodies or cell processes involves principled inferences, not microscopic observations. “The strength of the method lies in tracking how these signals evolve over time, compared against the person’s own baseline,” she said.

The study focused on a specific finger-tapping task in a small group of healthy young adults. Different types of learning, such as studying a new language or solving complex math problems, might engage different cellular mechanisms. “Our broader aim is to keep refining this approach to probe the biological mechanisms of plasticity in ever greater detail, directly in humans,” Della-Maggiore said.

The researchers hope to apply this multi-compartment imaging approach to other areas of neuroscience. “Beyond learning, distinguishing genuine, adaptive remodeling from other processes could prove valuable in contexts such as development, aging, and disease, including conditions like neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation, where telling apart healthy from harmful structural change is both difficult and clinically important,” she said.

“The results move the field beyond descriptive diffusion changes toward mechanistic inference, which is particularly valuable for studies of learning, development, and disease,” Della-Maggiore concluded.

The study, “Learning engages transient and sustained cellular mechanisms in the human brain,” was authored by Guillermina Griffa, Marco Palombo, Abraham Yeffal, Hong-Hsi Lee, Agustin Solano, Susie Y. Huang, and Valeria Della-Maggiore.

URL: https://www.psypost.org/learning-a-new-skill-triggers-both-temporary-cell-swelling-and-lasting-structural-growth-in-the-human-brain/

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DATE: July 24, 2026 at 08:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------

TITLE: Learning a new skill triggers both temporary cell swelling and lasting structural growth in the human brain

URL: https://www.psypost.org/learning-a-new-skill-triggers-both-temporary-cell-swelling-and-lasting-structural-growth-in-the-human-brain/

A new study published in PLoS Biology has found that learning a new motor skill sets off two different types of cellular changes in the human brain. The findings suggest that the brain experiences a temporary swelling of cell bodies followed by a long-lasting growth of cellular extensions in specific regions. This dual response offers a deeper understanding of how the human brain physically adapts when we learn something new.

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to remodel its physical structure in response to new experiences. This biological process supports learning and memory, and it also influences a person’s vulnerability to neurological conditions.

Valeria Della-Maggiore, an associate professor at the National University of San Martin and the University of Buenos Aires, led the research. She also serves as an adjunct professor at McGill University and directs the Physiology of Action Lab.

“Structural plasticity, the brain’s ability to remodel its connections in response to experience, is fundamental to learning and memory and shapes development and degenerative disorders,” she told PsyPost. She explained that most human studies over the past two decades have used standard MRI protocols to detect changes in brain microstructure, assuming these changes were always plastic in nature.

“Yet animal studies show that cells may undergo structural changes that do not always reflect synapse remodeling,” Della-Maggiore said. “To disambiguate plastic from non-plastic processes, we combined ultra-high-gradient diffusion MRI with SANDI, a biophysical model that allows making inferences at the level of cellular compartments, that is, cell bodies and cell processes.”

To measure structural changes in humans, scientists have typically relied on a brain scanning technique called diffusion tensor imaging, or DTI. This method measures how water molecules move and diffuse through brain tissue. By tracking this water movement, scientists can infer changes in the brain’s microscopic structure.

DTI blends the signals from various parts of the brain tissue together. “DTI captures a single, global signal: it can tell you that a change in one region lasts longer than in another, but not what underlies it,” Della-Maggiore said. Because of this blending, the technique cannot easily distinguish between a permanent structural change and a temporary biological reaction.

To address this limitation, the authors utilized highly sensitive magnetic resonance imaging paired with the specialized mathematical model called Soma and Neurite Density Imaging, or SANDI. Rather than grouping all tissue signals together, SANDI separates the scanning signals into three distinct categories. These categories include the cell bodies, the cellular extensions called neurites, and the extracellular fluid surrounding the cells.

“This study was only possible through a genuinely multidisciplinary effort, in which neuroscientists, experts in diffusion MRI, mathematicians and modeling specialists, and engineers worked together around a single scientific question,” Della-Maggiore said.

The collaboration included her lab along with the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre. “Bringing these different forms of expertise into alignment is what made it possible to extract biological insight from a non-invasive measurement, something no single discipline could have achieved on its own,” she added.

The study included 29 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 36, consisting of 16 females and 13 males. All participants were right-handed and reported no history of neurological or psychiatric conditions. They completed a motor sequence learning task involving typing a specific five-number sequence on a keyboard using the four fingers of their left, non-dominant hand. The exact sequence was 4-1-3-2-4, with the number 4 representing the index finger and the number 1 representing the pinky finger.

Participants were instructed to type the sequence as quickly and accurately as possible. They completed 15 practice blocks of this finger-tapping sequence. Each block consisted of 12 sequences and was separated by 25 seconds of rest. The entire training session took about 15 to 20 minutes.

To assess how well the participants retained the skill overnight, they were asked to complete eight additional practice blocks 24 hours later. To track brain activity and physical changes, the scientists used an ultra-high-gradient MRI scanner, which offers exceptional sensitivity for capturing microscopic tissue details. They collected functional MRI scans to measure active brain regions during the task. They also collected advanced diffusion MRI scans at three specific points: before the practice session began, 30 minutes after the practice ended, and 24 hours later.

The behavioral data showed that participants improved their typing speed and accuracy primarily during the short rest periods between practice blocks. The functional brain scans aligned with this observation, revealing increased activity in the brain’s memory and motor regions during these brief breaks. However, the most specific discoveries emerged from the SANDI model used to track cellular changes.

“When you learn a new skill, two processes of different spatial and temporal dynamics take place in your brain at the cellular level,” Della-Maggiore said. “One is transient and occurs at the level of cell bodies, which increase in size across all brain regions engaged by the task. The other is persistent, confined to the regions specifically involved in learning, and occurs at the level of cell processes, compatible with structural plasticity.”

The researchers found that DTI scans alone missed a layer of detail. “Our approach revealed something DTI cannot see, that the regions showing lasting changes also carry a transient response,” Della-Maggiore explained. “In other words, beneath what DTI reads as a single persistent effect, there are in fact two distinct processes unfolding on different timescales.”

Specifically, the researchers found a temporary increase in the apparent density of cell bodies across all the brain areas engaged by the task. These areas included the hippocampus, the primary motor cortex, the posterior parietal cortex, and the precuneus. This physical change was observed 30 minutes after the practice session. By the 24-hour mark, the cell bodies in these regions had returned to their normal baseline size.

“The second [surprise] was the spatial pattern: a transient change at the level of the cell body appeared uniformly across all regions engaged by learning, whereas the sustained change in cellular processes was confined to those regions specific to the learned skill,” Della-Maggiore said. “It was this dissociation, in both space and time, that let us infer different biological processes underlying these responses: a homeostatic process such as swelling of cell bodies induced by increased neuronal activity, and cell-process remodeling mediating genuine structural plasticity.”

The authors propose that this short-lived cell expansion is a temporary biological reaction to balance out intense cellular activity. When brain cells are highly active, they experience an imbalance of ions. To correct this imbalance, water flows into the cells, causing them to temporarily swell.

In addition to the temporary swelling, the SANDI model revealed a second, longer-lasting change in specific areas of the brain. The researchers observed a sustained increase in the density of cellular extensions in the precuneus and the posterior parietal cortex. These cellular extensions include structures like dendrites and axons, which connect different brain cells to one another.

This increase in cellular extensions persisted a full day after the learning task. The researchers noticed a direct link to task performance. “Notably, the more a person improved, the stronger this second change was,” Della-Maggiore said.

Interestingly, this long-lasting structural remodeling did not occur in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is a brain region known for helping encode new memories early in the learning process. The findings suggest that while the hippocampus is engaged initially, the long-term structural changes required to retain a motor skill happen in the outer layers of the brain, known as the cortex.

“The broader message is that a change in brain structure is not, in itself, evidence of learning-related plasticity,” Della-Maggiore said. “Being able to separate these processes in a living brain, non-invasively, provides something that did not exist before in human neuroscience: a mechanistic window onto brain plasticity, allowing us to begin inferring biological mechanisms directly in humans rather than relying on animal models.”

Interpreting these findings requires acknowledging a few limitations related to the scanning technology. The SANDI model estimates relative signal fractions of cell components rather than providing a direct physical measurement of cellular volume. The technique relies on specific mathematical assumptions about how water moves in the brain.

“Our approach does not quantify cells or cell processes directly,” Della-Maggiore explained. “It infers how much different cellular components contribute to the MRI signal, based on a biophysical model whose interpretation is grounded in animal and histological evidence.”

She added that referring to changes in cell bodies or cell processes involves principled inferences, not microscopic observations. “The strength of the method lies in tracking how these signals evolve over time, compared against the person’s own baseline,” she said.

The study focused on a specific finger-tapping task in a small group of healthy young adults. Different types of learning, such as studying a new language or solving complex math problems, might engage different cellular mechanisms. “Our broader aim is to keep refining this approach to probe the biological mechanisms of plasticity in ever greater detail, directly in humans,” Della-Maggiore said.

The researchers hope to apply this multi-compartment imaging approach to other areas of neuroscience. “Beyond learning, distinguishing genuine, adaptive remodeling from other processes could prove valuable in contexts such as development, aging, and disease, including conditions like neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation, where telling apart healthy from harmful structural change is both difficult and clinically important,” she said.

“The results move the field beyond descriptive diffusion changes toward mechanistic inference, which is particularly valuable for studies of learning, development, and disease,” Della-Maggiore concluded.

The study, “Learning engages transient and sustained cellular mechanisms in the human brain,” was authored by Guillermina Griffa, Marco Palombo, Abraham Yeffal, Hong-Hsi Lee, Agustin Solano, Susie Y. Huang, and Valeria Della-Maggiore.

URL: https://www.psypost.org/learning-a-new-skill-triggers-both-temporary-cell-swelling-and-lasting-structural-growth-in-the-human-brain/

-------------------------------------------------

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-------------------------------------------------

#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BrainPlasticity #Neurobiology #LearningAndMemory #Neuroimaging #SANDI #DTI #MotorSkillLearning #DiffusionMRI #Hippocampus #Cortex

DATE: July 24, 2026 at 08:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------

TITLE: Learning a new skill triggers both temporary cell swelling and lasting structural growth in the human brain

URL: https://www.psypost.org/learning-a-new-skill-triggers-both-temporary-cell-swelling-and-lasting-structural-growth-in-the-human-brain/

A new study published in PLoS Biology has found that learning a new motor skill sets off two different types of cellular changes in the human brain. The findings suggest that the brain experiences a temporary swelling of cell bodies followed by a long-lasting growth of cellular extensions in specific regions. This dual response offers a deeper understanding of how the human brain physically adapts when we learn something new.

Neuroplasticity refers to the brain’s ability to remodel its physical structure in response to new experiences. This biological process supports learning and memory, and it also influences a person’s vulnerability to neurological conditions.

Valeria Della-Maggiore, an associate professor at the National University of San Martin and the University of Buenos Aires, led the research. She also serves as an adjunct professor at McGill University and directs the Physiology of Action Lab.

“Structural plasticity, the brain’s ability to remodel its connections in response to experience, is fundamental to learning and memory and shapes development and degenerative disorders,” she told PsyPost. She explained that most human studies over the past two decades have used standard MRI protocols to detect changes in brain microstructure, assuming these changes were always plastic in nature.

“Yet animal studies show that cells may undergo structural changes that do not always reflect synapse remodeling,” Della-Maggiore said. “To disambiguate plastic from non-plastic processes, we combined ultra-high-gradient diffusion MRI with SANDI, a biophysical model that allows making inferences at the level of cellular compartments, that is, cell bodies and cell processes.”

To measure structural changes in humans, scientists have typically relied on a brain scanning technique called diffusion tensor imaging, or DTI. This method measures how water molecules move and diffuse through brain tissue. By tracking this water movement, scientists can infer changes in the brain’s microscopic structure.

DTI blends the signals from various parts of the brain tissue together. “DTI captures a single, global signal: it can tell you that a change in one region lasts longer than in another, but not what underlies it,” Della-Maggiore said. Because of this blending, the technique cannot easily distinguish between a permanent structural change and a temporary biological reaction.

To address this limitation, the authors utilized highly sensitive magnetic resonance imaging paired with the specialized mathematical model called Soma and Neurite Density Imaging, or SANDI. Rather than grouping all tissue signals together, SANDI separates the scanning signals into three distinct categories. These categories include the cell bodies, the cellular extensions called neurites, and the extracellular fluid surrounding the cells.

“This study was only possible through a genuinely multidisciplinary effort, in which neuroscientists, experts in diffusion MRI, mathematicians and modeling specialists, and engineers worked together around a single scientific question,” Della-Maggiore said.

The collaboration included her lab along with the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging at Massachusetts General Hospital, and the Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre. “Bringing these different forms of expertise into alignment is what made it possible to extract biological insight from a non-invasive measurement, something no single discipline could have achieved on its own,” she added.

The study included 29 healthy adults between the ages of 18 and 36, consisting of 16 females and 13 males. All participants were right-handed and reported no history of neurological or psychiatric conditions. They completed a motor sequence learning task involving typing a specific five-number sequence on a keyboard using the four fingers of their left, non-dominant hand. The exact sequence was 4-1-3-2-4, with the number 4 representing the index finger and the number 1 representing the pinky finger.

Participants were instructed to type the sequence as quickly and accurately as possible. They completed 15 practice blocks of this finger-tapping sequence. Each block consisted of 12 sequences and was separated by 25 seconds of rest. The entire training session took about 15 to 20 minutes.

To assess how well the participants retained the skill overnight, they were asked to complete eight additional practice blocks 24 hours later. To track brain activity and physical changes, the scientists used an ultra-high-gradient MRI scanner, which offers exceptional sensitivity for capturing microscopic tissue details. They collected functional MRI scans to measure active brain regions during the task. They also collected advanced diffusion MRI scans at three specific points: before the practice session began, 30 minutes after the practice ended, and 24 hours later.

The behavioral data showed that participants improved their typing speed and accuracy primarily during the short rest periods between practice blocks. The functional brain scans aligned with this observation, revealing increased activity in the brain’s memory and motor regions during these brief breaks. However, the most specific discoveries emerged from the SANDI model used to track cellular changes.

“When you learn a new skill, two processes of different spatial and temporal dynamics take place in your brain at the cellular level,” Della-Maggiore said. “One is transient and occurs at the level of cell bodies, which increase in size across all brain regions engaged by the task. The other is persistent, confined to the regions specifically involved in learning, and occurs at the level of cell processes, compatible with structural plasticity.”

The researchers found that DTI scans alone missed a layer of detail. “Our approach revealed something DTI cannot see, that the regions showing lasting changes also carry a transient response,” Della-Maggiore explained. “In other words, beneath what DTI reads as a single persistent effect, there are in fact two distinct processes unfolding on different timescales.”

Specifically, the researchers found a temporary increase in the apparent density of cell bodies across all the brain areas engaged by the task. These areas included the hippocampus, the primary motor cortex, the posterior parietal cortex, and the precuneus. This physical change was observed 30 minutes after the practice session. By the 24-hour mark, the cell bodies in these regions had returned to their normal baseline size.

“The second [surprise] was the spatial pattern: a transient change at the level of the cell body appeared uniformly across all regions engaged by learning, whereas the sustained change in cellular processes was confined to those regions specific to the learned skill,” Della-Maggiore said. “It was this dissociation, in both space and time, that let us infer different biological processes underlying these responses: a homeostatic process such as swelling of cell bodies induced by increased neuronal activity, and cell-process remodeling mediating genuine structural plasticity.”

The authors propose that this short-lived cell expansion is a temporary biological reaction to balance out intense cellular activity. When brain cells are highly active, they experience an imbalance of ions. To correct this imbalance, water flows into the cells, causing them to temporarily swell.

In addition to the temporary swelling, the SANDI model revealed a second, longer-lasting change in specific areas of the brain. The researchers observed a sustained increase in the density of cellular extensions in the precuneus and the posterior parietal cortex. These cellular extensions include structures like dendrites and axons, which connect different brain cells to one another.

This increase in cellular extensions persisted a full day after the learning task. The researchers noticed a direct link to task performance. “Notably, the more a person improved, the stronger this second change was,” Della-Maggiore said.

Interestingly, this long-lasting structural remodeling did not occur in the hippocampus. The hippocampus is a brain region known for helping encode new memories early in the learning process. The findings suggest that while the hippocampus is engaged initially, the long-term structural changes required to retain a motor skill happen in the outer layers of the brain, known as the cortex.

“The broader message is that a change in brain structure is not, in itself, evidence of learning-related plasticity,” Della-Maggiore said. “Being able to separate these processes in a living brain, non-invasively, provides something that did not exist before in human neuroscience: a mechanistic window onto brain plasticity, allowing us to begin inferring biological mechanisms directly in humans rather than relying on animal models.”

Interpreting these findings requires acknowledging a few limitations related to the scanning technology. The SANDI model estimates relative signal fractions of cell components rather than providing a direct physical measurement of cellular volume. The technique relies on specific mathematical assumptions about how water moves in the brain.

“Our approach does not quantify cells or cell processes directly,” Della-Maggiore explained. “It infers how much different cellular components contribute to the MRI signal, based on a biophysical model whose interpretation is grounded in animal and histological evidence.”

She added that referring to changes in cell bodies or cell processes involves principled inferences, not microscopic observations. “The strength of the method lies in tracking how these signals evolve over time, compared against the person’s own baseline,” she said.

The study focused on a specific finger-tapping task in a small group of healthy young adults. Different types of learning, such as studying a new language or solving complex math problems, might engage different cellular mechanisms. “Our broader aim is to keep refining this approach to probe the biological mechanisms of plasticity in ever greater detail, directly in humans,” Della-Maggiore said.

The researchers hope to apply this multi-compartment imaging approach to other areas of neuroscience. “Beyond learning, distinguishing genuine, adaptive remodeling from other processes could prove valuable in contexts such as development, aging, and disease, including conditions like neurodegeneration or neuroinflammation, where telling apart healthy from harmful structural change is both difficult and clinically important,” she said.

“The results move the field beyond descriptive diffusion changes toward mechanistic inference, which is particularly valuable for studies of learning, development, and disease,” Della-Maggiore concluded.

The study, “Learning engages transient and sustained cellular mechanisms in the human brain,” was authored by Guillermina Griffa, Marco Palombo, Abraham Yeffal, Hong-Hsi Lee, Agustin Solano, Susie Y. Huang, and Valeria Della-Maggiore.

URL: https://www.psypost.org/learning-a-new-skill-triggers-both-temporary-cell-swelling-and-lasting-structural-growth-in-the-human-brain/

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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BrainPlasticity #Neurobiology #LearningAndMemory #Neuroimaging #SANDI #DTI #MotorSkillLearning #DiffusionMRI #Hippocampus #Cortex

Is it just me, or are #MRI people really bad at keeping the difference between afferent and efferent connections straight? There's a whole lot of papers that seem to just assume that if they do #DiffusionTensorImaging, and pick a seed region, that all of the streamlines they get correspond to efferents from that site. And if they cite another paper as evidence, it's often another #DiffusionMRI paper that just asserts the same thing without obvious reference to anatomical ground truth.

If you don't reference an actual #Neuroanatomy paper that worked out which direction(s) your fibers are projecting, you can't claim anything about whether your seed projects to, from, or merely passes through any other ROI along your streamlines! I think a lot of times the answer is indeed known, but cite some real anatomy papers so your readers can tell. This problem isn't universal, but it does seem weirdly common.

Is it just me, or are #MRI people really bad at keeping the difference between afferent and efferent connections straight? There's a whole lot of papers that seem to just assume that if they do #DiffusionTensorImaging, and pick a seed region, that all of the streamlines they get correspond to efferents from that site. And if they cite another paper as evidence, it's often another #DiffusionMRI paper that just asserts the same thing without obvious reference to anatomical ground truth.

If you don't reference an actual #Neuroanatomy paper that worked out which direction(s) your fibers are projecting, you can't claim anything about whether your seed projects to, from, or merely passes through any other ROI along your streamlines! I think a lot of times the answer is indeed known, but cite some real anatomy papers so your readers can tell. This problem isn't universal, but it does seem weirdly common.

Is it just me, or are #MRI people really bad at keeping the difference between afferent and efferent connections straight? There's a whole lot of papers that seem to just assume that if they do #DiffusionTensorImaging, and pick a seed region, that all of the streamlines they get correspond to efferents from that site. And if they cite another paper as evidence, it's often another #DiffusionMRI paper that just asserts the same thing without obvious reference to anatomical ground truth.

If you don't reference an actual #Neuroanatomy paper that worked out which direction(s) your fibers are projecting, you can't claim anything about whether your seed projects to, from, or merely passes through any other ROI along your streamlines! I think a lot of times the answer is indeed known, but cite some real anatomy papers so your readers can tell. This problem isn't universal, but it does seem weirdly common.

Scientists have found a new way to map the insular cortex, a part of the human brain that is involved in mind-body interactions. They used a technique called diffusion MRI to trace the connections between different regions of the insular cortex and other brain areas. This could help us understand how the brain integrates sensory, emotional, and cognitive information.

#insularcortex #diffusionMRI #mindbody

https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/scientists-identify-mind-body-nexus-human-brain-2023-04-19/

Scientists have found a new way to map the insular cortex, a part of the human brain that is involved in mind-body interactions. They used a technique called diffusion MRI to trace the connections between different regions of the insular cortex and other brain areas. This could help us understand how the brain integrates sensory, emotional, and cognitive information.

#insularcortex #diffusionMRI #mindbody

https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/scientists-identify-mind-body-nexus-human-brain-2023-04-19/

Scientists have found a new way to map the insular cortex, a part of the human brain that is involved in mind-body interactions. They used a technique called diffusion MRI to trace the connections between different regions of the insular cortex and other brain areas. This could help us understand how the brain integrates sensory, emotional, and cognitive information.

#insularcortex #diffusionMRI #mindbody

https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/scientists-identify-mind-body-nexus-human-brain-2023-04-19/

Scientists have found a new way to map the insular cortex, a part of the human brain that is involved in mind-body interactions. They used a technique called diffusion MRI to trace the connections between different regions of the insular cortex and other brain areas. This could help us understand how the brain integrates sensory, emotional, and cognitive information.

#insularcortex #diffusionMRI #mindbody

https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/scientists-identify-mind-body-nexus-human-brain-2023-04-19/

Scientists have found a new way to map the insular cortex, a part of the human brain that is involved in mind-body interactions. They used a technique called diffusion MRI to trace the connections between different regions of the insular cortex and other brain areas. This could help us understand how the brain integrates sensory, emotional, and cognitive information.

#insularcortex #diffusionMRI #mindbody

https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/scientists-identify-mind-body-nexus-human-brain-2023-04-19/

Making smart use of PDEs beats plain GZIP for lossless compression of #DiffusionMRI data by more than 30%.
Work by Ikram Jumakulyyev, recently published in JMIV.
OA paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10851-023-01144-z

Making smart use of PDEs beats plain GZIP for lossless compression of #DiffusionMRI data by more than 30%.
Work by Ikram Jumakulyyev, recently published in JMIV.
OA paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10851-023-01144-z

Making smart use of PDEs beats plain GZIP for lossless compression of #DiffusionMRI data by more than 30%.
Work by Ikram Jumakulyyev, recently published in JMIV.
OA paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10851-023-01144-z

Making smart use of PDEs beats plain GZIP for lossless compression of #DiffusionMRI data by more than 30%.
Work by Ikram Jumakulyyev, recently published in JMIV.
OA paper: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10851-023-01144-z

Many have used bootstrapping for probabilistic tractography, but have you ever considered computing a bootstrap consensus to reduce uncertainty in #diffusionMRI? Our OA journal paper on this is now out http://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14724 extending last year's VCBM paper on fiber tracking with model averaging.

Many have used bootstrapping for probabilistic tractography, but have you ever considered computing a bootstrap consensus to reduce uncertainty in #diffusionMRI? Our OA journal paper on this is now out http://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14724 extending last year's VCBM paper on fiber tracking with model averaging.

Many have used bootstrapping for probabilistic tractography, but have you ever considered computing a bootstrap consensus to reduce uncertainty in #diffusionMRI? Our OA journal paper on this is now out http://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.14724 extending last year's VCBM paper on fiber tracking with model averaging.

FYI scientists esp #radiologists and those involved in #neurosciences

Clinica: An Open-Source Software Platform for Reproducible Clinical #Neuroscience Studies

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2021.689675/full

Clinica is a set of automatic pipelines for processing and analysis of multimodal #neuroimaging data (T1-weighted #MRI, #DiffusionMRI, and #PET data) & tools for statistics, #MachineLearning, and #DeepLearining
It relies on the #BrainImaging data structure (BIDS)

FYI scientists esp #radiologists and those involved in #neurosciences

Clinica: An Open-Source Software Platform for Reproducible Clinical #Neuroscience Studies

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2021.689675/full

Clinica is a set of automatic pipelines for processing and analysis of multimodal #neuroimaging data (T1-weighted #MRI, #DiffusionMRI, and #PET data) & tools for statistics, #MachineLearning, and #DeepLearining
It relies on the #BrainImaging data structure (BIDS)

FYI scientists esp #radiologists and those involved in #neurosciences

Clinica: An Open-Source Software Platform for Reproducible Clinical #Neuroscience Studies

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2021.689675/full

Clinica is a set of automatic pipelines for processing and analysis of multimodal #neuroimaging data (T1-weighted #MRI, #DiffusionMRI, and #PET data) & tools for statistics, #MachineLearning, and #DeepLearining
It relies on the #BrainImaging data structure (BIDS)

FYI scientists esp #radiologists and those involved in #neurosciences

Clinica: An Open-Source Software Platform for Reproducible Clinical #Neuroscience Studies

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2021.689675/full

Clinica is a set of automatic pipelines for processing and analysis of multimodal #neuroimaging data (T1-weighted #MRI, #DiffusionMRI, and #PET data) & tools for statistics, #MachineLearning, and #DeepLearining
It relies on the #BrainImaging data structure (BIDS)

FYI scientists esp #radiologists and those involved in #neurosciences

Clinica: An Open-Source Software Platform for Reproducible Clinical #Neuroscience Studies

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fninf.2021.689675/full

Clinica is a set of automatic pipelines for processing and analysis of multimodal #neuroimaging data (T1-weighted #MRI, #DiffusionMRI, and #PET data) & tools for statistics, #MachineLearning, and #DeepLearining
It relies on the #BrainImaging data structure (BIDS)