#ah9n2 — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #ah9n2, aggregated by home.social.
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Source: Centre for Health Protection, Hong Kong PRC SAR, https://www.chp.gov.hk/files/pdf/2024_avian_influenza_report_vol20_wk45.pdf
{Excerpts, edited}
On November 12 2024, the Ministry of Health of China notified to HK PRC SAR seven additional cases of human infection with H9N2 avian influenza virus, as follow:
- Hubei Province, A six-year-old boy with onset on October 7, 2024.
- Hunan Province, A ten-month-old boy with onset on September 30, 2024.
- Hunan Province, A one-year-old girl with onset on October 8, 2024.
- Hunan Province, A three-year-old boy with onset on October 11, 2024.
- Hunan Province, A five-year-old boy with onset on October 14, 2024.
- Jiangxi Province, A seven-year-old boy with onset on October 8, 2024.
- Sichuan Province, A 67-year-old woman with onset on September 23, 2024.
(…)
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#aH9n2 #AVIANINFLUENZA #china #HKPRCSAR #hubei #human #hunan #jiangxi #sichuan #updates
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Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621830v1
Abstract
Airborne transmission is an essential mode of infection and spread of influenza viruses among humans. However, most studies use liquid inoculum for virus infection. To better replicate natural airborne infections in vitro, we generated a calm-aerosol settling chamber system designed to examine the aerosol infectivity of influenza viruses in different cell types. Aerosol inoculation was characterized for multiple influenza A virus (FLUAV) subtypes, including a pandemic 2009 H1N1, a seasonal swine H3N2, and an avian H9N2 using this exposure system. While each FLUAV strain displayed high infectivity within MDCK cells via liquid inoculation, differences in infectivity were observed during airborne inoculation. This was further observed in recently developed immortalized differentiated human airway epithelial cells (BCi-NS1.1) cultured in an air-liquid interface. The airborne infectious dose 50 for each virus was based on the exposure dose per well. Our findings indicate that this system has the potential to enhance our understanding of the factors influencing influenza transmission via the airborne route. This could be invaluable for conducting risk assessments, potentially reducing the reliance on extensive and costly in vivo animal studies.____
#aH3n2 #aH9n2 #abstract #avianFlu #birdFlu #h1n1pdm09 #health #influenza #influenzaA #news #pathogensAirborneTransmission #research
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Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621830v1
Abstract
Airborne transmission is an essential mode of infection and spread of influenza viruses among humans. However, most studies use liquid inoculum for virus infection. To better replicate natural airborne infections in vitro, we generated a calm-aerosol settling chamber system designed to examine the aerosol infectivity of influenza viruses in different cell types. Aerosol inoculation was characterized for multiple influenza A virus (FLUAV) subtypes, including a pandemic 2009 H1N1, a seasonal swine H3N2, and an avian H9N2 using this exposure system. While each FLUAV strain displayed high infectivity within MDCK cells via liquid inoculation, differences in infectivity were observed during airborne inoculation. This was further observed in recently developed immortalized differentiated human airway epithelial cells (BCi-NS1.1) cultured in an air-liquid interface. The airborne infectious dose 50 for each virus was based on the exposure dose per well. Our findings indicate that this system has the potential to enhance our understanding of the factors influencing influenza transmission via the airborne route. This could be invaluable for conducting risk assessments, potentially reducing the reliance on extensive and costly in vivo animal studies.____
#aH3n2 #aH9n2 #abstract #avianFlu #birdFlu #h1n1pdm09 #health #influenza #influenzaA #news #pathogensAirborneTransmission #research
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Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621830v1
Abstract
Airborne transmission is an essential mode of infection and spread of influenza viruses among humans. However, most studies use liquid inoculum for virus infection. To better replicate natural airborne infections in vitro, we generated a calm-aerosol settling chamber system designed to examine the aerosol infectivity of influenza viruses in different cell types. Aerosol inoculation was characterized for multiple influenza A virus (FLUAV) subtypes, including a pandemic 2009 H1N1, a seasonal swine H3N2, and an avian H9N2 using this exposure system. While each FLUAV strain displayed high infectivity within MDCK cells via liquid inoculation, differences in infectivity were observed during airborne inoculation. This was further observed in recently developed immortalized differentiated human airway epithelial cells (BCi-NS1.1) cultured in an air-liquid interface. The airborne infectious dose 50 for each virus was based on the exposure dose per well. Our findings indicate that this system has the potential to enhance our understanding of the factors influencing influenza transmission via the airborne route. This could be invaluable for conducting risk assessments, potentially reducing the reliance on extensive and costly in vivo animal studies.____
#aH3n2 #aH9n2 #abstract #avianFlu #birdFlu #h1n1pdm09 #health #influenza #influenzaA #news #pathogensAirborneTransmission #research
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Source: BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.11.04.621830v1
Abstract
Airborne transmission is an essential mode of infection and spread of influenza viruses among humans. However, most studies use liquid inoculum for virus infection. To better replicate natural airborne infections in vitro, we generated a calm-aerosol settling chamber system designed to examine the aerosol infectivity of influenza viruses in different cell types. Aerosol inoculation was characterized for multiple influenza A virus (FLUAV) subtypes, including a pandemic 2009 H1N1, a seasonal swine H3N2, and an avian H9N2 using this exposure system. While each FLUAV strain displayed high infectivity within MDCK cells via liquid inoculation, differences in infectivity were observed during airborne inoculation. This was further observed in recently developed immortalized differentiated human airway epithelial cells (BCi-NS1.1) cultured in an air-liquid interface. The airborne infectious dose 50 for each virus was based on the exposure dose per well. Our findings indicate that this system has the potential to enhance our understanding of the factors influencing influenza transmission via the airborne route. This could be invaluable for conducting risk assessments, potentially reducing the reliance on extensive and costly in vivo animal studies.____
#aH3n2 #aH9n2 #abstract #avianFlu #birdFlu #h1n1pdm09 #health #influenza #influenzaA #news #pathogensAirborneTransmission #research
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Source: Journal of Virology, https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/jvi.00928-24
ABSTRACT
A better understanding of viral factors that contribute to influenza A virus (IAV) airborne transmission is crucial for pandemic preparedness. A limited capacity for airborne transmission was recently observed in a human A(H9N2) virus isolate (A/Anhui-Lujiang/39/2018, AL/39) that possesses a leucine (L) residue at position HA1-226 (H3 numbering), indicative of human-like receptor binding potential. To evaluate the roles of the residue at this position in virus fitness and airborne transmission, a wild-type AL/39 (AL/39-wt) and a mutant virus (AL/39-HA1-L226Q) with a single substitution at position HA1-226 from leucine to glutamine (Q), a consensus residue in avian influenza viruses, were rescued and assessed in the ferret model. The AL/39-HA1-L226Q virus lost the ability to transmit by air, although the virus had a comparable capacity for replication, induced similar levels of host innate immune responses, and was detected at comparable levels in the air surrounding the inoculated ferrets relative to AL/39-wt virus. However, ferrets showed a lower susceptibility to AL/39-HA1-L226Q virus infection compared to the AL/39-wt virus. Furthermore, the AL/39-wt and AL/39-HA1-L226Q viruses each gained dominance in different anatomic sites in the respiratory tract in a co-infection competition model in ferrets. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that the increasing dominance of HA1-L226 residue in an avian A(H9N2) virus plays multifaceted roles in virus infection and transmission in the ferret model, including improved virus fitness and infectivity.____
#aH9n2 #abstract #animalModels #avianInfluenza #AVIANINFLUENZA #birdFlu #ferrets #h5n1 #health #news #research