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  1. DATE: July 19, 2026 at 11:00AM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

    ** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
    -------------------------------------------------

    TITLE: Bipolar disorder risk linked to cannabis disrupting daily routines

    URL: psypost.org/how-the-relentless

    New research published in Journal of Affective Disorders indicates that for young adults at risk for bipolar spectrum disorders, cannabis consumption is more likely to interfere with daily responsibilities like work and school rather than strictly leading to more frequent drug use. The study also explores how specific positive emotional processes, such as an intense drive to achieve happiness, relate to different patterns of cannabis consumption and difficulty quitting.

    Substance use research frequently examines how drugs like cannabis interact with negative emotional states, such as anxiety and depression. Less attention has been directed toward the role of positive emotions. Positive emotions are generally associated with basic well-being and achieving goals, but they can sometimes become dysregulated. Conditions like bipolar spectrum disorders are characterized by disruptions in these positive emotional systems.

    Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance globally, and its consumption has risen rapidly over the past decade as legalization policies shift. While cannabis has known medical applications, heavy recreational use is associated with mental health risks. These risks include impaired driving, an increased likelihood of hospitalizations, and the development of substance use disorders. Given that young adulthood is a time of increased physical access to substances, understanding how cannabis interacts with mental health during this specific life stage is an urgent public health priority.

    Bipolar spectrum disorders are psychiatric conditions that involve extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. People with these conditions experience depressive episodes marked by deep sadness and fatigue, which occur alongside contrasting episodes of mania or hypomania. Mania involves an abnormally elevated mood, high energy, impulsivity, and a decreased need for sleep. Hypomania is a milder form of mania that features similar energetic elevations but does not typically cause severe functional impairment.

    Individuals with or at risk for these disorders often experience more intense positive emotions in response to everyday events. They also tend to show a heightened response to rewards and may struggle to manage or regulate intense feelings of happiness. Bipolar mood disorders and cannabis use frequently occur together in psychiatric settings. This combination is often linked to an earlier onset of psychiatric symptoms and a worsening of clinical outcomes.

    University of Colorado Boulder psychology researcher Luiza Rosa and colleagues wanted to understand how cannabis use relates to both the risk for bipolar disorders and the positive emotional processes that underlie them. The team focused on emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25. This developmental stage is known for heightened emotional reactivity, increased independence, and greater risk-taking behavior. It is also a peak period for the onset of mood disorders and regular substance use.

    The researchers recruited 968 college students from nine universities across North America. To participate, all students had to report using cannabis at least once in their lifetime. The participants completed a series of remote surveys that assessed their patterns of cannabis consumption over the previous 90 days. When running their statistical models, the researchers adjusted the data to account for the age and sex of the participants, as well as the specific university they attended.

    The surveys evaluated three specific elements of problematic cannabis habits. These included the frequency of use, how much the drug interfered with school, work, or home life, and how difficult the participants thought it would be to stop using entirely. The researchers also measured the participants’ underlying risk for developing a bipolar spectrum disorder using a specialized personality questionnaire.

    To gauge positive emotional processes, the team asked participants to rate how often and how intensely they recently experienced positive emotions. They also measured reward responsiveness, or how excited and energized the students felt when they obtained something they wanted. A third measure assessed positive emotion valuation. This concept refers to how much a person strives to feel happy and how much they worry about their own happiness levels.

    In behavioral science, there are competing theories about how reward responsiveness relates to drug use. The reward hypersensitivity perspective suggests that people who are exceptionally sensitive to rewards are more vulnerable to seeking out the immediate highs provided by substances. In contrast, the hyposensitivity perspective proposes that people with blunted reward systems might use drugs to cope with feelings of numbness or mild depression. The current study aimed to gather data that might clarify how these emotional reward systems function specifically in relation to cannabis.

    The results revealed that having a higher risk for a bipolar spectrum disorder was associated with greater cannabis-related interference in daily life. This means that individuals predisposed to intense mood shifts experienced more disruptions to their work or school obligations due to cannabis. The risk for bipolar spectrum disorders was not associated with a higher frequency of cannabis use or greater difficulty quitting the drug.

    The researchers interpret this as a sign that for people at risk of bipolar disorders, the primary issue is how the substance impedes daily functioning, rather than the raw amount consumed. However, when the researchers factored in the participants’ current, short-term mood symptoms, the association between underlying bipolar risk and daily interference no longer held up. Instead, current feelings of depression were specifically linked to greater cannabis interference.

    The team also found distinct relationships between cannabis consumption and specific emotional tendencies. Experiencing high levels of positive emotion on a daily basis was linked to less frequent cannabis use. Those who reported intense daily positive emotions also experienced less cannabis-related interference in their lives and reported less difficulty stopping the drug. The researchers suggest that natural positive emotions might serve as a protective factor against severe cannabis issues.

    A different pattern emerged for individuals who place a very high value on being happy. People who are highly concerned about achieving and maintaining happiness used cannabis more frequently and reported greater difficulty stopping. The researchers propose that an intense preoccupation with feeling happy might drive people to use cannabis repeatedly as a quick way to regulate their mood. If a person views their baseline emotional state as inadequate, they may turn to psychoactive compounds to artificially synthesize the joy they feel they are missing.

    Some initial calculations hinted that a lower internal response to real-world rewards might be linked to more cannabis interference. However, those results were not statistically significant once the researchers controlled for alcohol consumption. This suggests that some emotional disruptions are more closely tied to alcohol than to cannabis directly, failing to firmly support the hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity reward models for marijuana.

    The study relies on a cross-sectional design, which means the researchers collected all the data at a single point in time. Because of this, the researchers cannot determine cause and effect. It is not possible to say whether an intense drive to be happy causes someone to use more cannabis, or if frequent cannabis use alters how a person prioritizes happiness.

    The researchers note that their sample mostly consisted of infrequent cannabis users, with the most common usage rate being less than once a month. The findings might differ in a sample of people diagnosed with severe substance addictions. Additionally, the data relies on self-reported surveys rather than objective clinical interviews, which could introduce bias entirely based on human memory.

    Future research will need to follow individuals over longer periods of time to track how specific positive emotional processes develop alongside cannabis habits. Experimental studies could help identify whether cannabis use directly alters a person’s risk for bipolar mood episodes in an isolated setting. By examining both positive and negative emotional networks, researchers hope to better treat substance use issues in people with mood disorders.

    The study, “The highs and lows: Cannabis use and positive valence bipolar mood and emotion processes in emerging adults,” was authored by Luiza Rosa, Gerald Young, Stevi G. Ibonie, Joelle LeMoult, Iris B. Mauss, Lauren B. Alloy, Jessica L. Borelli, Sarah R. Holley, Ellen Jopling, Daniel P. Moriarity, Robin Nusslock, Gregory Strauss, Cynthia M. Villanueva, Lauren M. Weinstock, L. Cinnamon Bidwell, and June Gruber.

    URL: psypost.org/how-the-relentless

    -------------------------------------------------

    Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: clinicians-exchange.org

    Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BipolarDisorder #CannabisResearch #PositiveEmotions #EmergingAdults #SubstanceUse #MoodDisorders #DailyFunctioning #RewardSensitivity #MentalHealthPublicHealth #CollegeHealth

  2. DATE: July 19, 2026 at 11:00AM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

    ** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
    -------------------------------------------------

    TITLE: Bipolar disorder risk linked to cannabis disrupting daily routines

    URL: psypost.org/how-the-relentless

    New research published in Journal of Affective Disorders indicates that for young adults at risk for bipolar spectrum disorders, cannabis consumption is more likely to interfere with daily responsibilities like work and school rather than strictly leading to more frequent drug use. The study also explores how specific positive emotional processes, such as an intense drive to achieve happiness, relate to different patterns of cannabis consumption and difficulty quitting.

    Substance use research frequently examines how drugs like cannabis interact with negative emotional states, such as anxiety and depression. Less attention has been directed toward the role of positive emotions. Positive emotions are generally associated with basic well-being and achieving goals, but they can sometimes become dysregulated. Conditions like bipolar spectrum disorders are characterized by disruptions in these positive emotional systems.

    Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance globally, and its consumption has risen rapidly over the past decade as legalization policies shift. While cannabis has known medical applications, heavy recreational use is associated with mental health risks. These risks include impaired driving, an increased likelihood of hospitalizations, and the development of substance use disorders. Given that young adulthood is a time of increased physical access to substances, understanding how cannabis interacts with mental health during this specific life stage is an urgent public health priority.

    Bipolar spectrum disorders are psychiatric conditions that involve extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. People with these conditions experience depressive episodes marked by deep sadness and fatigue, which occur alongside contrasting episodes of mania or hypomania. Mania involves an abnormally elevated mood, high energy, impulsivity, and a decreased need for sleep. Hypomania is a milder form of mania that features similar energetic elevations but does not typically cause severe functional impairment.

    Individuals with or at risk for these disorders often experience more intense positive emotions in response to everyday events. They also tend to show a heightened response to rewards and may struggle to manage or regulate intense feelings of happiness. Bipolar mood disorders and cannabis use frequently occur together in psychiatric settings. This combination is often linked to an earlier onset of psychiatric symptoms and a worsening of clinical outcomes.

    University of Colorado Boulder psychology researcher Luiza Rosa and colleagues wanted to understand how cannabis use relates to both the risk for bipolar disorders and the positive emotional processes that underlie them. The team focused on emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25. This developmental stage is known for heightened emotional reactivity, increased independence, and greater risk-taking behavior. It is also a peak period for the onset of mood disorders and regular substance use.

    The researchers recruited 968 college students from nine universities across North America. To participate, all students had to report using cannabis at least once in their lifetime. The participants completed a series of remote surveys that assessed their patterns of cannabis consumption over the previous 90 days. When running their statistical models, the researchers adjusted the data to account for the age and sex of the participants, as well as the specific university they attended.

    The surveys evaluated three specific elements of problematic cannabis habits. These included the frequency of use, how much the drug interfered with school, work, or home life, and how difficult the participants thought it would be to stop using entirely. The researchers also measured the participants’ underlying risk for developing a bipolar spectrum disorder using a specialized personality questionnaire.

    To gauge positive emotional processes, the team asked participants to rate how often and how intensely they recently experienced positive emotions. They also measured reward responsiveness, or how excited and energized the students felt when they obtained something they wanted. A third measure assessed positive emotion valuation. This concept refers to how much a person strives to feel happy and how much they worry about their own happiness levels.

    In behavioral science, there are competing theories about how reward responsiveness relates to drug use. The reward hypersensitivity perspective suggests that people who are exceptionally sensitive to rewards are more vulnerable to seeking out the immediate highs provided by substances. In contrast, the hyposensitivity perspective proposes that people with blunted reward systems might use drugs to cope with feelings of numbness or mild depression. The current study aimed to gather data that might clarify how these emotional reward systems function specifically in relation to cannabis.

    The results revealed that having a higher risk for a bipolar spectrum disorder was associated with greater cannabis-related interference in daily life. This means that individuals predisposed to intense mood shifts experienced more disruptions to their work or school obligations due to cannabis. The risk for bipolar spectrum disorders was not associated with a higher frequency of cannabis use or greater difficulty quitting the drug.

    The researchers interpret this as a sign that for people at risk of bipolar disorders, the primary issue is how the substance impedes daily functioning, rather than the raw amount consumed. However, when the researchers factored in the participants’ current, short-term mood symptoms, the association between underlying bipolar risk and daily interference no longer held up. Instead, current feelings of depression were specifically linked to greater cannabis interference.

    The team also found distinct relationships between cannabis consumption and specific emotional tendencies. Experiencing high levels of positive emotion on a daily basis was linked to less frequent cannabis use. Those who reported intense daily positive emotions also experienced less cannabis-related interference in their lives and reported less difficulty stopping the drug. The researchers suggest that natural positive emotions might serve as a protective factor against severe cannabis issues.

    A different pattern emerged for individuals who place a very high value on being happy. People who are highly concerned about achieving and maintaining happiness used cannabis more frequently and reported greater difficulty stopping. The researchers propose that an intense preoccupation with feeling happy might drive people to use cannabis repeatedly as a quick way to regulate their mood. If a person views their baseline emotional state as inadequate, they may turn to psychoactive compounds to artificially synthesize the joy they feel they are missing.

    Some initial calculations hinted that a lower internal response to real-world rewards might be linked to more cannabis interference. However, those results were not statistically significant once the researchers controlled for alcohol consumption. This suggests that some emotional disruptions are more closely tied to alcohol than to cannabis directly, failing to firmly support the hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity reward models for marijuana.

    The study relies on a cross-sectional design, which means the researchers collected all the data at a single point in time. Because of this, the researchers cannot determine cause and effect. It is not possible to say whether an intense drive to be happy causes someone to use more cannabis, or if frequent cannabis use alters how a person prioritizes happiness.

    The researchers note that their sample mostly consisted of infrequent cannabis users, with the most common usage rate being less than once a month. The findings might differ in a sample of people diagnosed with severe substance addictions. Additionally, the data relies on self-reported surveys rather than objective clinical interviews, which could introduce bias entirely based on human memory.

    Future research will need to follow individuals over longer periods of time to track how specific positive emotional processes develop alongside cannabis habits. Experimental studies could help identify whether cannabis use directly alters a person’s risk for bipolar mood episodes in an isolated setting. By examining both positive and negative emotional networks, researchers hope to better treat substance use issues in people with mood disorders.

    The study, “The highs and lows: Cannabis use and positive valence bipolar mood and emotion processes in emerging adults,” was authored by Luiza Rosa, Gerald Young, Stevi G. Ibonie, Joelle LeMoult, Iris B. Mauss, Lauren B. Alloy, Jessica L. Borelli, Sarah R. Holley, Ellen Jopling, Daniel P. Moriarity, Robin Nusslock, Gregory Strauss, Cynthia M. Villanueva, Lauren M. Weinstock, L. Cinnamon Bidwell, and June Gruber.

    URL: psypost.org/how-the-relentless

    -------------------------------------------------

    Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: clinicians-exchange.org

    Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BipolarDisorder #CannabisResearch #PositiveEmotions #EmergingAdults #SubstanceUse #MoodDisorders #DailyFunctioning #RewardSensitivity #MentalHealthPublicHealth #CollegeHealth

  3. DATE: July 19, 2026 at 11:00AM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

    ** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
    -------------------------------------------------

    TITLE: Bipolar disorder risk linked to cannabis disrupting daily routines

    URL: psypost.org/how-the-relentless

    New research published in Journal of Affective Disorders indicates that for young adults at risk for bipolar spectrum disorders, cannabis consumption is more likely to interfere with daily responsibilities like work and school rather than strictly leading to more frequent drug use. The study also explores how specific positive emotional processes, such as an intense drive to achieve happiness, relate to different patterns of cannabis consumption and difficulty quitting.

    Substance use research frequently examines how drugs like cannabis interact with negative emotional states, such as anxiety and depression. Less attention has been directed toward the role of positive emotions. Positive emotions are generally associated with basic well-being and achieving goals, but they can sometimes become dysregulated. Conditions like bipolar spectrum disorders are characterized by disruptions in these positive emotional systems.

    Cannabis is the most widely used illicit substance globally, and its consumption has risen rapidly over the past decade as legalization policies shift. While cannabis has known medical applications, heavy recreational use is associated with mental health risks. These risks include impaired driving, an increased likelihood of hospitalizations, and the development of substance use disorders. Given that young adulthood is a time of increased physical access to substances, understanding how cannabis interacts with mental health during this specific life stage is an urgent public health priority.

    Bipolar spectrum disorders are psychiatric conditions that involve extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. People with these conditions experience depressive episodes marked by deep sadness and fatigue, which occur alongside contrasting episodes of mania or hypomania. Mania involves an abnormally elevated mood, high energy, impulsivity, and a decreased need for sleep. Hypomania is a milder form of mania that features similar energetic elevations but does not typically cause severe functional impairment.

    Individuals with or at risk for these disorders often experience more intense positive emotions in response to everyday events. They also tend to show a heightened response to rewards and may struggle to manage or regulate intense feelings of happiness. Bipolar mood disorders and cannabis use frequently occur together in psychiatric settings. This combination is often linked to an earlier onset of psychiatric symptoms and a worsening of clinical outcomes.

    University of Colorado Boulder psychology researcher Luiza Rosa and colleagues wanted to understand how cannabis use relates to both the risk for bipolar disorders and the positive emotional processes that underlie them. The team focused on emerging adults between the ages of 18 and 25. This developmental stage is known for heightened emotional reactivity, increased independence, and greater risk-taking behavior. It is also a peak period for the onset of mood disorders and regular substance use.

    The researchers recruited 968 college students from nine universities across North America. To participate, all students had to report using cannabis at least once in their lifetime. The participants completed a series of remote surveys that assessed their patterns of cannabis consumption over the previous 90 days. When running their statistical models, the researchers adjusted the data to account for the age and sex of the participants, as well as the specific university they attended.

    The surveys evaluated three specific elements of problematic cannabis habits. These included the frequency of use, how much the drug interfered with school, work, or home life, and how difficult the participants thought it would be to stop using entirely. The researchers also measured the participants’ underlying risk for developing a bipolar spectrum disorder using a specialized personality questionnaire.

    To gauge positive emotional processes, the team asked participants to rate how often and how intensely they recently experienced positive emotions. They also measured reward responsiveness, or how excited and energized the students felt when they obtained something they wanted. A third measure assessed positive emotion valuation. This concept refers to how much a person strives to feel happy and how much they worry about their own happiness levels.

    In behavioral science, there are competing theories about how reward responsiveness relates to drug use. The reward hypersensitivity perspective suggests that people who are exceptionally sensitive to rewards are more vulnerable to seeking out the immediate highs provided by substances. In contrast, the hyposensitivity perspective proposes that people with blunted reward systems might use drugs to cope with feelings of numbness or mild depression. The current study aimed to gather data that might clarify how these emotional reward systems function specifically in relation to cannabis.

    The results revealed that having a higher risk for a bipolar spectrum disorder was associated with greater cannabis-related interference in daily life. This means that individuals predisposed to intense mood shifts experienced more disruptions to their work or school obligations due to cannabis. The risk for bipolar spectrum disorders was not associated with a higher frequency of cannabis use or greater difficulty quitting the drug.

    The researchers interpret this as a sign that for people at risk of bipolar disorders, the primary issue is how the substance impedes daily functioning, rather than the raw amount consumed. However, when the researchers factored in the participants’ current, short-term mood symptoms, the association between underlying bipolar risk and daily interference no longer held up. Instead, current feelings of depression were specifically linked to greater cannabis interference.

    The team also found distinct relationships between cannabis consumption and specific emotional tendencies. Experiencing high levels of positive emotion on a daily basis was linked to less frequent cannabis use. Those who reported intense daily positive emotions also experienced less cannabis-related interference in their lives and reported less difficulty stopping the drug. The researchers suggest that natural positive emotions might serve as a protective factor against severe cannabis issues.

    A different pattern emerged for individuals who place a very high value on being happy. People who are highly concerned about achieving and maintaining happiness used cannabis more frequently and reported greater difficulty stopping. The researchers propose that an intense preoccupation with feeling happy might drive people to use cannabis repeatedly as a quick way to regulate their mood. If a person views their baseline emotional state as inadequate, they may turn to psychoactive compounds to artificially synthesize the joy they feel they are missing.

    Some initial calculations hinted that a lower internal response to real-world rewards might be linked to more cannabis interference. However, those results were not statistically significant once the researchers controlled for alcohol consumption. This suggests that some emotional disruptions are more closely tied to alcohol than to cannabis directly, failing to firmly support the hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity reward models for marijuana.

    The study relies on a cross-sectional design, which means the researchers collected all the data at a single point in time. Because of this, the researchers cannot determine cause and effect. It is not possible to say whether an intense drive to be happy causes someone to use more cannabis, or if frequent cannabis use alters how a person prioritizes happiness.

    The researchers note that their sample mostly consisted of infrequent cannabis users, with the most common usage rate being less than once a month. The findings might differ in a sample of people diagnosed with severe substance addictions. Additionally, the data relies on self-reported surveys rather than objective clinical interviews, which could introduce bias entirely based on human memory.

    Future research will need to follow individuals over longer periods of time to track how specific positive emotional processes develop alongside cannabis habits. Experimental studies could help identify whether cannabis use directly alters a person’s risk for bipolar mood episodes in an isolated setting. By examining both positive and negative emotional networks, researchers hope to better treat substance use issues in people with mood disorders.

    The study, “The highs and lows: Cannabis use and positive valence bipolar mood and emotion processes in emerging adults,” was authored by Luiza Rosa, Gerald Young, Stevi G. Ibonie, Joelle LeMoult, Iris B. Mauss, Lauren B. Alloy, Jessica L. Borelli, Sarah R. Holley, Ellen Jopling, Daniel P. Moriarity, Robin Nusslock, Gregory Strauss, Cynthia M. Villanueva, Lauren M. Weinstock, L. Cinnamon Bidwell, and June Gruber.

    URL: psypost.org/how-the-relentless

    -------------------------------------------------

    Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: clinicians-exchange.org

    Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BipolarDisorder #CannabisResearch #PositiveEmotions #EmergingAdults #SubstanceUse #MoodDisorders #DailyFunctioning #RewardSensitivity #MentalHealthPublicHealth #CollegeHealth

  4. DATE: July 17, 2026 at 10:13AM
    SOURCE: PSYCHIATRIC TIMES

    Direct article link at end of text block below.

    🧠💊 This week's "Brain Trust" episode is now live!

    Joseph Goldberg, and guest Michael Ostacher discuss comorbid mood and substance use disorders: t.co/fE3uVuiAgh t.co/959P8NaPOA

    Here are any URLs found in the article text:

    t.co/fE3uVuiAgh

    t.co/959P8NaPOA

    Articles can be found by scrolling down the page at Articles can be found at psychiatrictimes.com/news".

    -------------------------------------------------

    Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: clinicians-exchange.org

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #psychotherapist #BrainTrust #MoodDisorders #SubstanceUse #MentalHealthPodcast #JosephGoldberg

  5. DATE: July 17, 2026 at 10:13AM
    SOURCE: PSYCHIATRIC TIMES

    Direct article link at end of text block below.

    🧠💊 This week's "Brain Trust" episode is now live!

    Joseph Goldberg, and guest Michael Ostacher discuss comorbid mood and substance use disorders: t.co/fE3uVuiAgh t.co/959P8NaPOA

    Here are any URLs found in the article text:

    t.co/fE3uVuiAgh

    t.co/959P8NaPOA

    Articles can be found by scrolling down the page at Articles can be found at psychiatrictimes.com/news".

    -------------------------------------------------

    Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: clinicians-exchange.org

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #psychotherapist #BrainTrust #MoodDisorders #SubstanceUse #MentalHealthPodcast #JosephGoldberg

  6. DATE: July 17, 2026 at 10:13AM
    SOURCE: PSYCHIATRIC TIMES

    Direct article link at end of text block below.

    🧠💊 This week's "Brain Trust" episode is now live!

    Joseph Goldberg, and guest Michael Ostacher discuss comorbid mood and substance use disorders: t.co/fE3uVuiAgh t.co/959P8NaPOA

    Here are any URLs found in the article text:

    t.co/fE3uVuiAgh

    t.co/959P8NaPOA

    Articles can be found by scrolling down the page at Articles can be found at psychiatrictimes.com/news".

    -------------------------------------------------

    Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: clinicians-exchange.org

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #psychotherapist #BrainTrust #MoodDisorders #SubstanceUse #MentalHealthPodcast #JosephGoldberg

  7. DATE: July 15, 2026 at 11:00AM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

    ** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
    -------------------------------------------------

    TITLE: Linking bipolar disorder vulnerability to cannabis habits in college

    URL: psypost.org/how-bipolar-traits

    Many young adults use cannabis, but its relationship with mood disorders characterized by intense positive emotions has remained poorly understood. A recent study of college students found that a higher risk for bipolar spectrum disorders is tied to more cannabis-related disruptions in daily life, while experiencing higher levels of natural positive emotions is associated with less frequent cannabis use. These results were published in the Journal of Affective Disorders.

    Bipolar spectrum disorders are mental health conditions defined by intense vacillations in mood. People with these disorders experience periods of mania or hypomania, which are states characterized by abnormally elevated mood, increased energy, and a higher propensity for risk-taking. They also typically experience periods of depression, marked by deep sadness and a loss of interest in regular activities.

    While happiness is generally considered a purely positive state of mind, people with bipolar tendencies sometimes have difficulty managing how they experience good feelings. They might experience positive emotions with an overwhelming intensity. They might also show a heightened excitement when anticipating rewards, or place an unusually high value on the pursuit of happiness itself.

    Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit drug in the world, and its use has grown rapidly over the past decade. Cannabis contains psychoactive compounds, most notably THC, that directly affect human mood and cognition. Because the drug interacts with the brain’s reward centers, mental health experts are increasingly interested in how its widespread use shapes psychological functioning.

    Research frequently links cannabis use to mood issues centered around negative emotions, such as severe depression and chronic anxiety. Past investigations tend to focus heavily on these negative emotional outcomes. Very little research has examined how cannabis use connects to psychiatric conditions defined by intense disruptions in positive emotional systems.

    Luiza Rosa and June Gruber, psychology researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder, designed an investigation to explore this blind spot. They led a multi-community team of researchers to understand how a vulnerability to bipolar spectrum disorders might relate to different patterns of cannabis use. They also wanted to look at specific ways that emerging adults process positive emotions, exploring whether these psychological mechanisms alter how young people consume cannabis.

    Investigating this age group is a logical step for mental health researchers. Emerging adulthood, which stretches from late adolescence to the mid-twenties, is a unique developmental period. Young adults in this phase typically experience higher emotional reactivity and an increased appetite for physical and social risks.

    During this developmental window, individuals also gain greater personal autonomy and easier access to substances like cannabis. This makes the late teen and early adult years a peak period for the onset of both substance use issues and mood disorders.

    To conduct the investigation, the researchers recruited 968 college students from nine different universities across North America. To be included in the analysis, all participants had to report having consumed cannabis at least once in their lives. The research team focused their attention entirely on individuals with some level of prior exposure to the drug.

    Through a series of online questionnaires, the team asked the university students about their specific cannabis habits. The questions focused on how many days they used the drug over the past three months. The surveys also asked whether this consumption interfered with their school, work, or home life, and how difficult the students thought it would be to completely stop using it.

    In addition to gathering data on substance use, the researchers administered clinical screening tools. These measures evaluated each student’s underlying risk for bipolar spectrum disorders, assessing personality traits connected to hypomania. The surveys also measured any current, active symptoms of mania and depression the students were experiencing at the time of the mental health screening.

    To capture a detailed picture of the students’ emotional lives, the questionnaires measured three distinct psychological traits related to how people feel good. The first trait was positive emotion experience, which tracks how frequently and intensely a person felt positive states like joy or amusement over the past week.

    The second psychological trait analyzed was reward responsiveness. This measures consecutive excitement, tracking the biological and psychological rush people feel when they obtain something they want. Examples include achieving a goal, getting a compliment, or acquiring a physical item they desire.

    The third trait was positive emotion valuation. This represents a more abstract cognitive tendency where a person constantly monitors their own happiness. People who score high in this area place an immense priority on feeling cheerful, often believing that there is something inherently wrong with them if they do not feel happy at all times.

    When compiling and analyzing the survey responses, Rosa and Gruber’s team found that a higher risk for bipolar spectrum disorders was linked to greater cannabis-related interference in daily life. This means that students harboring more bipolar-like traits reported more disruptions in their personal and professional responsibilities directly due to their cannabis use.

    These same students did not report using cannabis more frequently than their peers. They also did not report having a harder time stopping their use of the drug. The statistical connection appeared specifically in how much the substance impaired their daily functioning.

    When researchers adjusted their mathematical models to account for current, active mood symptoms, the direct association between bipolar risk traits and daily life interference faded. Looking closely at the updated data, current symptoms of depression were tied to higher levels of cannabis interference. However, this specific link was partially explained by co-occurring alcohol use, suggesting that drinking habits also play a large role in how mood symptoms disrupt a person’s life.

    The team also found robust relationships between cannabis habits and the ways people process positive emotions naturally. Students who reported higher levels of recent positive emotion experience tended to use cannabis less often. They also experienced fewer disruptions to their lives and reported less difficulty stopping their use entirely.

    In this context, naturally experiencing high levels of positive emotion served as a protective factor against severe cannabis habits. Placing an exceptionally high value on happiness produced a very different outcome. Students who scored higher on positive emotion valuation tended to use cannabis more frequently, and they also reported that it would be harder for them to stop using the drug.

    The surveys revealed that students who were highly concerned with achieving happiness might use cannabis as a tool to artificially regulate their mood. These individuals might rely heavily on the drug to achieve a specific positive emotional state. This dynamic makes it harder for them to consider giving up the substance despite its potential side effects on memory or motivation.

    The research team noted a few limitations to their work. Because the investigation relied on a cross-sectional survey, which only takes a snapshot of a single moment in time, the results cannot establish a chain of cause and effect. It is not known whether initial cannabis use exacerbates bipolar mood symptoms, or if pre-existing mood patterns prompt people to use cannabis in specific, problematic ways.

    The students in this sample also reported relatively low levels of cannabis use overall. Most participants used the substance less than once a month. The researchers noted that gathering data from a population with much heavier, habitual usage patterns might yield different scientific insights.

    Moving forward, behavioral scientists hope to track young adults over longer periods. Following individuals consistently throughout their entire college experience could help reveal how escalating cannabis use interacts with shifting emotional traits and mood symptoms as young people enter adulthood.

    The study, “The highs and lows: Cannabis use and positive valence bipolar mood and emotion processes in emerging adults,” was authored by Luiza Rosa, Gerald Young, Stevi G. Ibonie, Joelle LeMoult, Iris B. Mauss, Lauren B. Alloy, Jessica L. Borelli, Sarah R. Holley, Ellen Jopling, Daniel P. Moriarity, Robin Nusslock, Gregory Strauss, Cynthia M. Villanueva, Lauren M. Weinstock, L. Cinnamon Bidwell, and June Gruber.

    URL: psypost.org/how-bipolar-traits

    -------------------------------------------------

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    Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BipolarSpectrum #CannabisUse #CollegeHealth #PositiveEmotion #RewardSensitivity #MoodDisorders #EmergingAdulthood #MentalHealthResearch #CannabisAndMood #UniversityStudy

  8. DATE: July 15, 2026 at 11:00AM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

    ** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
    -------------------------------------------------

    TITLE: Linking bipolar disorder vulnerability to cannabis habits in college

    URL: psypost.org/how-bipolar-traits

    Many young adults use cannabis, but its relationship with mood disorders characterized by intense positive emotions has remained poorly understood. A recent study of college students found that a higher risk for bipolar spectrum disorders is tied to more cannabis-related disruptions in daily life, while experiencing higher levels of natural positive emotions is associated with less frequent cannabis use. These results were published in the Journal of Affective Disorders.

    Bipolar spectrum disorders are mental health conditions defined by intense vacillations in mood. People with these disorders experience periods of mania or hypomania, which are states characterized by abnormally elevated mood, increased energy, and a higher propensity for risk-taking. They also typically experience periods of depression, marked by deep sadness and a loss of interest in regular activities.

    While happiness is generally considered a purely positive state of mind, people with bipolar tendencies sometimes have difficulty managing how they experience good feelings. They might experience positive emotions with an overwhelming intensity. They might also show a heightened excitement when anticipating rewards, or place an unusually high value on the pursuit of happiness itself.

    Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit drug in the world, and its use has grown rapidly over the past decade. Cannabis contains psychoactive compounds, most notably THC, that directly affect human mood and cognition. Because the drug interacts with the brain’s reward centers, mental health experts are increasingly interested in how its widespread use shapes psychological functioning.

    Research frequently links cannabis use to mood issues centered around negative emotions, such as severe depression and chronic anxiety. Past investigations tend to focus heavily on these negative emotional outcomes. Very little research has examined how cannabis use connects to psychiatric conditions defined by intense disruptions in positive emotional systems.

    Luiza Rosa and June Gruber, psychology researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder, designed an investigation to explore this blind spot. They led a multi-community team of researchers to understand how a vulnerability to bipolar spectrum disorders might relate to different patterns of cannabis use. They also wanted to look at specific ways that emerging adults process positive emotions, exploring whether these psychological mechanisms alter how young people consume cannabis.

    Investigating this age group is a logical step for mental health researchers. Emerging adulthood, which stretches from late adolescence to the mid-twenties, is a unique developmental period. Young adults in this phase typically experience higher emotional reactivity and an increased appetite for physical and social risks.

    During this developmental window, individuals also gain greater personal autonomy and easier access to substances like cannabis. This makes the late teen and early adult years a peak period for the onset of both substance use issues and mood disorders.

    To conduct the investigation, the researchers recruited 968 college students from nine different universities across North America. To be included in the analysis, all participants had to report having consumed cannabis at least once in their lives. The research team focused their attention entirely on individuals with some level of prior exposure to the drug.

    Through a series of online questionnaires, the team asked the university students about their specific cannabis habits. The questions focused on how many days they used the drug over the past three months. The surveys also asked whether this consumption interfered with their school, work, or home life, and how difficult the students thought it would be to completely stop using it.

    In addition to gathering data on substance use, the researchers administered clinical screening tools. These measures evaluated each student’s underlying risk for bipolar spectrum disorders, assessing personality traits connected to hypomania. The surveys also measured any current, active symptoms of mania and depression the students were experiencing at the time of the mental health screening.

    To capture a detailed picture of the students’ emotional lives, the questionnaires measured three distinct psychological traits related to how people feel good. The first trait was positive emotion experience, which tracks how frequently and intensely a person felt positive states like joy or amusement over the past week.

    The second psychological trait analyzed was reward responsiveness. This measures consecutive excitement, tracking the biological and psychological rush people feel when they obtain something they want. Examples include achieving a goal, getting a compliment, or acquiring a physical item they desire.

    The third trait was positive emotion valuation. This represents a more abstract cognitive tendency where a person constantly monitors their own happiness. People who score high in this area place an immense priority on feeling cheerful, often believing that there is something inherently wrong with them if they do not feel happy at all times.

    When compiling and analyzing the survey responses, Rosa and Gruber’s team found that a higher risk for bipolar spectrum disorders was linked to greater cannabis-related interference in daily life. This means that students harboring more bipolar-like traits reported more disruptions in their personal and professional responsibilities directly due to their cannabis use.

    These same students did not report using cannabis more frequently than their peers. They also did not report having a harder time stopping their use of the drug. The statistical connection appeared specifically in how much the substance impaired their daily functioning.

    When researchers adjusted their mathematical models to account for current, active mood symptoms, the direct association between bipolar risk traits and daily life interference faded. Looking closely at the updated data, current symptoms of depression were tied to higher levels of cannabis interference. However, this specific link was partially explained by co-occurring alcohol use, suggesting that drinking habits also play a large role in how mood symptoms disrupt a person’s life.

    The team also found robust relationships between cannabis habits and the ways people process positive emotions naturally. Students who reported higher levels of recent positive emotion experience tended to use cannabis less often. They also experienced fewer disruptions to their lives and reported less difficulty stopping their use entirely.

    In this context, naturally experiencing high levels of positive emotion served as a protective factor against severe cannabis habits. Placing an exceptionally high value on happiness produced a very different outcome. Students who scored higher on positive emotion valuation tended to use cannabis more frequently, and they also reported that it would be harder for them to stop using the drug.

    The surveys revealed that students who were highly concerned with achieving happiness might use cannabis as a tool to artificially regulate their mood. These individuals might rely heavily on the drug to achieve a specific positive emotional state. This dynamic makes it harder for them to consider giving up the substance despite its potential side effects on memory or motivation.

    The research team noted a few limitations to their work. Because the investigation relied on a cross-sectional survey, which only takes a snapshot of a single moment in time, the results cannot establish a chain of cause and effect. It is not known whether initial cannabis use exacerbates bipolar mood symptoms, or if pre-existing mood patterns prompt people to use cannabis in specific, problematic ways.

    The students in this sample also reported relatively low levels of cannabis use overall. Most participants used the substance less than once a month. The researchers noted that gathering data from a population with much heavier, habitual usage patterns might yield different scientific insights.

    Moving forward, behavioral scientists hope to track young adults over longer periods. Following individuals consistently throughout their entire college experience could help reveal how escalating cannabis use interacts with shifting emotional traits and mood symptoms as young people enter adulthood.

    The study, “The highs and lows: Cannabis use and positive valence bipolar mood and emotion processes in emerging adults,” was authored by Luiza Rosa, Gerald Young, Stevi G. Ibonie, Joelle LeMoult, Iris B. Mauss, Lauren B. Alloy, Jessica L. Borelli, Sarah R. Holley, Ellen Jopling, Daniel P. Moriarity, Robin Nusslock, Gregory Strauss, Cynthia M. Villanueva, Lauren M. Weinstock, L. Cinnamon Bidwell, and June Gruber.

    URL: psypost.org/how-bipolar-traits

    -------------------------------------------------

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    Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BipolarSpectrum #CannabisUse #CollegeHealth #PositiveEmotion #RewardSensitivity #MoodDisorders #EmergingAdulthood #MentalHealthResearch #CannabisAndMood #UniversityStudy

  9. DATE: July 15, 2026 at 11:00AM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

    ** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
    -------------------------------------------------

    TITLE: Linking bipolar disorder vulnerability to cannabis habits in college

    URL: psypost.org/how-bipolar-traits

    Many young adults use cannabis, but its relationship with mood disorders characterized by intense positive emotions has remained poorly understood. A recent study of college students found that a higher risk for bipolar spectrum disorders is tied to more cannabis-related disruptions in daily life, while experiencing higher levels of natural positive emotions is associated with less frequent cannabis use. These results were published in the Journal of Affective Disorders.

    Bipolar spectrum disorders are mental health conditions defined by intense vacillations in mood. People with these disorders experience periods of mania or hypomania, which are states characterized by abnormally elevated mood, increased energy, and a higher propensity for risk-taking. They also typically experience periods of depression, marked by deep sadness and a loss of interest in regular activities.

    While happiness is generally considered a purely positive state of mind, people with bipolar tendencies sometimes have difficulty managing how they experience good feelings. They might experience positive emotions with an overwhelming intensity. They might also show a heightened excitement when anticipating rewards, or place an unusually high value on the pursuit of happiness itself.

    Cannabis is the most widely consumed illicit drug in the world, and its use has grown rapidly over the past decade. Cannabis contains psychoactive compounds, most notably THC, that directly affect human mood and cognition. Because the drug interacts with the brain’s reward centers, mental health experts are increasingly interested in how its widespread use shapes psychological functioning.

    Research frequently links cannabis use to mood issues centered around negative emotions, such as severe depression and chronic anxiety. Past investigations tend to focus heavily on these negative emotional outcomes. Very little research has examined how cannabis use connects to psychiatric conditions defined by intense disruptions in positive emotional systems.

    Luiza Rosa and June Gruber, psychology researchers at the University of Colorado Boulder, designed an investigation to explore this blind spot. They led a multi-community team of researchers to understand how a vulnerability to bipolar spectrum disorders might relate to different patterns of cannabis use. They also wanted to look at specific ways that emerging adults process positive emotions, exploring whether these psychological mechanisms alter how young people consume cannabis.

    Investigating this age group is a logical step for mental health researchers. Emerging adulthood, which stretches from late adolescence to the mid-twenties, is a unique developmental period. Young adults in this phase typically experience higher emotional reactivity and an increased appetite for physical and social risks.

    During this developmental window, individuals also gain greater personal autonomy and easier access to substances like cannabis. This makes the late teen and early adult years a peak period for the onset of both substance use issues and mood disorders.

    To conduct the investigation, the researchers recruited 968 college students from nine different universities across North America. To be included in the analysis, all participants had to report having consumed cannabis at least once in their lives. The research team focused their attention entirely on individuals with some level of prior exposure to the drug.

    Through a series of online questionnaires, the team asked the university students about their specific cannabis habits. The questions focused on how many days they used the drug over the past three months. The surveys also asked whether this consumption interfered with their school, work, or home life, and how difficult the students thought it would be to completely stop using it.

    In addition to gathering data on substance use, the researchers administered clinical screening tools. These measures evaluated each student’s underlying risk for bipolar spectrum disorders, assessing personality traits connected to hypomania. The surveys also measured any current, active symptoms of mania and depression the students were experiencing at the time of the mental health screening.

    To capture a detailed picture of the students’ emotional lives, the questionnaires measured three distinct psychological traits related to how people feel good. The first trait was positive emotion experience, which tracks how frequently and intensely a person felt positive states like joy or amusement over the past week.

    The second psychological trait analyzed was reward responsiveness. This measures consecutive excitement, tracking the biological and psychological rush people feel when they obtain something they want. Examples include achieving a goal, getting a compliment, or acquiring a physical item they desire.

    The third trait was positive emotion valuation. This represents a more abstract cognitive tendency where a person constantly monitors their own happiness. People who score high in this area place an immense priority on feeling cheerful, often believing that there is something inherently wrong with them if they do not feel happy at all times.

    When compiling and analyzing the survey responses, Rosa and Gruber’s team found that a higher risk for bipolar spectrum disorders was linked to greater cannabis-related interference in daily life. This means that students harboring more bipolar-like traits reported more disruptions in their personal and professional responsibilities directly due to their cannabis use.

    These same students did not report using cannabis more frequently than their peers. They also did not report having a harder time stopping their use of the drug. The statistical connection appeared specifically in how much the substance impaired their daily functioning.

    When researchers adjusted their mathematical models to account for current, active mood symptoms, the direct association between bipolar risk traits and daily life interference faded. Looking closely at the updated data, current symptoms of depression were tied to higher levels of cannabis interference. However, this specific link was partially explained by co-occurring alcohol use, suggesting that drinking habits also play a large role in how mood symptoms disrupt a person’s life.

    The team also found robust relationships between cannabis habits and the ways people process positive emotions naturally. Students who reported higher levels of recent positive emotion experience tended to use cannabis less often. They also experienced fewer disruptions to their lives and reported less difficulty stopping their use entirely.

    In this context, naturally experiencing high levels of positive emotion served as a protective factor against severe cannabis habits. Placing an exceptionally high value on happiness produced a very different outcome. Students who scored higher on positive emotion valuation tended to use cannabis more frequently, and they also reported that it would be harder for them to stop using the drug.

    The surveys revealed that students who were highly concerned with achieving happiness might use cannabis as a tool to artificially regulate their mood. These individuals might rely heavily on the drug to achieve a specific positive emotional state. This dynamic makes it harder for them to consider giving up the substance despite its potential side effects on memory or motivation.

    The research team noted a few limitations to their work. Because the investigation relied on a cross-sectional survey, which only takes a snapshot of a single moment in time, the results cannot establish a chain of cause and effect. It is not known whether initial cannabis use exacerbates bipolar mood symptoms, or if pre-existing mood patterns prompt people to use cannabis in specific, problematic ways.

    The students in this sample also reported relatively low levels of cannabis use overall. Most participants used the substance less than once a month. The researchers noted that gathering data from a population with much heavier, habitual usage patterns might yield different scientific insights.

    Moving forward, behavioral scientists hope to track young adults over longer periods. Following individuals consistently throughout their entire college experience could help reveal how escalating cannabis use interacts with shifting emotional traits and mood symptoms as young people enter adulthood.

    The study, “The highs and lows: Cannabis use and positive valence bipolar mood and emotion processes in emerging adults,” was authored by Luiza Rosa, Gerald Young, Stevi G. Ibonie, Joelle LeMoult, Iris B. Mauss, Lauren B. Alloy, Jessica L. Borelli, Sarah R. Holley, Ellen Jopling, Daniel P. Moriarity, Robin Nusslock, Gregory Strauss, Cynthia M. Villanueva, Lauren M. Weinstock, L. Cinnamon Bidwell, and June Gruber.

    URL: psypost.org/how-bipolar-traits

    -------------------------------------------------

    Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: clinicians-exchange.org

    Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #BipolarSpectrum #CannabisUse #CollegeHealth #PositiveEmotion #RewardSensitivity #MoodDisorders #EmergingAdulthood #MentalHealthResearch #CannabisAndMood #UniversityStudy

  10. DATE: July 12, 2026 at 04:00PM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

    ** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
    -------------------------------------------------

    TITLE: People with psychiatric disorders tend to have a smaller pineal gland

    URL: psypost.org/people-with-psychi

    A new statistical review reveals that people diagnosed with psychiatric conditions tend to have a physically smaller pineal gland compared to those without such conditions. The comprehensive research, published in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, also indicates that this structural difference does not appear to directly dictate how well a person sleeps.

    The pineal gland is a tiny, pea-shaped structure tucked deep inside the brain. Its primary function is the synthesis and release of melatonin. This hormone helps govern the body’s internal biological clock, often referred to as the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm dictates a host of physiological changes over a daily cycle, influencing body temperature, metabolism, and immune function.

    When the sun sets and the environment grows dark, the pineal gland increases melatonin production, signaling to the body that it is time to rest. Disruptions to this nightly cycle are incredibly common among individuals diagnosed with severe mental health conditions. Specifically, people with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia routinely experience extreme insomnia and altered sleep patterns.

    The pineal gland consists almost entirely of pinealocytes, which are the specialized cells responsible for producing melatonin. Because of this direct physical makeup, researchers suspect that the overall size of the gland might dictate a person’s total capacity for creating the sleep-promoting hormone. In theory, a physically smaller gland houses fewer hormone-producing cells.

    Previous attempts to measure the pineal gland in psychiatric patients have yielded contradictory results. Some brain imaging studies reported smaller volumes in patients with depression or schizophrenia, while other studies found no differences in anatomical size at all.

    Sophie Bolwig and Kristian H. R. Jensen, researchers at the Neurobiology Research Unit at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, Denmark, wanted to resolve these conflicting reports. They designed a meta-analysis, which is a research method that pools data from many individual studies into one mathematical model. This approach helps researchers spot broader patterns that might be hidden within the noise of isolated datasets.

    The researchers systematically scoured academic databases to locate studies that used magnetic resonance imaging, commonly known as MRI, to measure the size of the gland. They split the gathered research into two distinct analyses based on the specific biological questions they wanted to answer.

    The first analysis focused on anatomical differences by comparing the brain scans of people with formally diagnosed psychiatric disorders to the scans of healthy individuals. This group of studies included a combined total of over 1700 participants. The second analysis looked for links between pineal gland size and specific sleep measurements, utilizing data from over 700 participants.

    In the anatomical comparison, Bolwig and Jensen found that people with psychiatric conditions had a reduced pineal gland volume overall. To understand if this reduction was caused by the gland shrinking or simply by the presence of cysts, the team looked closely at the functional tissue. Pineal cysts are small pockets of fluid within the gland that are generally considered harmless structural anomalies.

    The researchers calculated the specific prevalence of these cysts and found no difference in frequency between the psychiatric patients and the healthy participants. When examining only the non-cystic tissue, they found this functional mass was also reduced. This means the actual hormone-producing structure was physically smaller in the patient group.

    The degree of this anatomical reduction varied widely depending on the specific psychiatric diagnosis. People with mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, exhibited a modest reduction in pineal gland volume. In contrast, patients on the schizophrenia spectrum showed a reduction that was approximately twice as large.

    To see if these physically smaller glands actually translated into sleep disruptions, the researchers turned to the second pool of data. These studies measured sleep variables using self-reported questionnaires, wearable motion trackers, and overnight monitoring in specialized sleep laboratories.

    The pooled data showed that the relationship between a larger pineal gland and better sleep was weak and not statistically significant. The high variability in how different studies measured sleep quality makes it difficult to draw absolute conclusions. Still, the current data suggests that the anatomical size of the gland does not directly dictate a person’s daily sleep quality.

    The researchers noted that these findings highlight the multifaceted nature of human sleep. A person’s ability to fall and stay asleep relies on psychological stressors, environmental factors, and an array of neurological systems beyond just melatonin production. Even if a physically smaller pineal gland produces slightly less melatonin, other networks in the brain might compensate to maintain basic sleep patterns.

    The study also provides hints about the biological origins of certain mental health conditions. A few of the analyzed studies included individuals who were classified as being at a high clinical risk for developing psychosis but had not yet developed a full disorder. These high-risk individuals already displayed reduced pineal gland volumes.

    Because the structural difference appears before the onset of severe psychiatric symptoms, the researchers propose that a smaller pineal gland might be an inherited neurodevelopmental trait. This idea is supported by recent genetic research showing that the genes which influence pineal gland volume overlap heavily with known genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. It appears to be a built-in vulnerability rather than a byproduct of long-term illness or psychiatric medication use.

    Alternative biological mechanisms might also explain the variation in volume. Medical professionals increasingly recognize that neuroinflammatory processes play a role in both mood disorders and schizophrenia. Chronic inflammation could potentially affect the pineal gland through oxidative stress, though scientists have yet to confirm if this physiological process actively shrinks the tissue over time.

    While the exact mechanisms remain unknown, the researchers acknowledged several limitations in the available evidence. For instance, the imaging studies included in the review were entirely cross-sectional. This type of research captures a single snapshot in time, making it impossible to determine the long-term progression of the anatomical changes in the brain.

    Additionally, many of the original studies relied on older magnetic resonance imaging scanners with lower spatial resolution. Medical professionals then had to manually trace the outline of the pineal gland on these older scans to calculate the volume. This manual process introduces the possibility of human error and measurement inconsistencies across different research centers.

    Moving forward, scientists need longitudinal studies that track brain anatomy, sleep patterns, and hormone levels in exactly the same individuals over many years. By observing people from childhood or adolescence through adulthood, scientists could determine exactly when the pineal gland stops growing in those who later develop psychiatric conditions. Unraveling this developmental timeline could eventually help doctors identify biological risk factors long before a clinical crisis occurs.

    The study, “Pineal Gland Volume, Sleep Quality, and Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” was authored by Sophie Bolwig and Kristian H. R. Jensen.

    URL: psypost.org/people-with-psychi

    -------------------------------------------------

    Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: clinicians-exchange.org

    Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #PinealGland #SleepQuality #PsychiatricDisorders #Melatonin #BrainImaging #MRI #MentalHealthResearch #Neurodevelopment #Schizophrenia #MoodDisorders

  11. DATE: July 12, 2026 at 04:00PM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

    ** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
    -------------------------------------------------

    TITLE: People with psychiatric disorders tend to have a smaller pineal gland

    URL: psypost.org/people-with-psychi

    A new statistical review reveals that people diagnosed with psychiatric conditions tend to have a physically smaller pineal gland compared to those without such conditions. The comprehensive research, published in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, also indicates that this structural difference does not appear to directly dictate how well a person sleeps.

    The pineal gland is a tiny, pea-shaped structure tucked deep inside the brain. Its primary function is the synthesis and release of melatonin. This hormone helps govern the body’s internal biological clock, often referred to as the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm dictates a host of physiological changes over a daily cycle, influencing body temperature, metabolism, and immune function.

    When the sun sets and the environment grows dark, the pineal gland increases melatonin production, signaling to the body that it is time to rest. Disruptions to this nightly cycle are incredibly common among individuals diagnosed with severe mental health conditions. Specifically, people with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia routinely experience extreme insomnia and altered sleep patterns.

    The pineal gland consists almost entirely of pinealocytes, which are the specialized cells responsible for producing melatonin. Because of this direct physical makeup, researchers suspect that the overall size of the gland might dictate a person’s total capacity for creating the sleep-promoting hormone. In theory, a physically smaller gland houses fewer hormone-producing cells.

    Previous attempts to measure the pineal gland in psychiatric patients have yielded contradictory results. Some brain imaging studies reported smaller volumes in patients with depression or schizophrenia, while other studies found no differences in anatomical size at all.

    Sophie Bolwig and Kristian H. R. Jensen, researchers at the Neurobiology Research Unit at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, Denmark, wanted to resolve these conflicting reports. They designed a meta-analysis, which is a research method that pools data from many individual studies into one mathematical model. This approach helps researchers spot broader patterns that might be hidden within the noise of isolated datasets.

    The researchers systematically scoured academic databases to locate studies that used magnetic resonance imaging, commonly known as MRI, to measure the size of the gland. They split the gathered research into two distinct analyses based on the specific biological questions they wanted to answer.

    The first analysis focused on anatomical differences by comparing the brain scans of people with formally diagnosed psychiatric disorders to the scans of healthy individuals. This group of studies included a combined total of over 1700 participants. The second analysis looked for links between pineal gland size and specific sleep measurements, utilizing data from over 700 participants.

    In the anatomical comparison, Bolwig and Jensen found that people with psychiatric conditions had a reduced pineal gland volume overall. To understand if this reduction was caused by the gland shrinking or simply by the presence of cysts, the team looked closely at the functional tissue. Pineal cysts are small pockets of fluid within the gland that are generally considered harmless structural anomalies.

    The researchers calculated the specific prevalence of these cysts and found no difference in frequency between the psychiatric patients and the healthy participants. When examining only the non-cystic tissue, they found this functional mass was also reduced. This means the actual hormone-producing structure was physically smaller in the patient group.

    The degree of this anatomical reduction varied widely depending on the specific psychiatric diagnosis. People with mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, exhibited a modest reduction in pineal gland volume. In contrast, patients on the schizophrenia spectrum showed a reduction that was approximately twice as large.

    To see if these physically smaller glands actually translated into sleep disruptions, the researchers turned to the second pool of data. These studies measured sleep variables using self-reported questionnaires, wearable motion trackers, and overnight monitoring in specialized sleep laboratories.

    The pooled data showed that the relationship between a larger pineal gland and better sleep was weak and not statistically significant. The high variability in how different studies measured sleep quality makes it difficult to draw absolute conclusions. Still, the current data suggests that the anatomical size of the gland does not directly dictate a person’s daily sleep quality.

    The researchers noted that these findings highlight the multifaceted nature of human sleep. A person’s ability to fall and stay asleep relies on psychological stressors, environmental factors, and an array of neurological systems beyond just melatonin production. Even if a physically smaller pineal gland produces slightly less melatonin, other networks in the brain might compensate to maintain basic sleep patterns.

    The study also provides hints about the biological origins of certain mental health conditions. A few of the analyzed studies included individuals who were classified as being at a high clinical risk for developing psychosis but had not yet developed a full disorder. These high-risk individuals already displayed reduced pineal gland volumes.

    Because the structural difference appears before the onset of severe psychiatric symptoms, the researchers propose that a smaller pineal gland might be an inherited neurodevelopmental trait. This idea is supported by recent genetic research showing that the genes which influence pineal gland volume overlap heavily with known genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. It appears to be a built-in vulnerability rather than a byproduct of long-term illness or psychiatric medication use.

    Alternative biological mechanisms might also explain the variation in volume. Medical professionals increasingly recognize that neuroinflammatory processes play a role in both mood disorders and schizophrenia. Chronic inflammation could potentially affect the pineal gland through oxidative stress, though scientists have yet to confirm if this physiological process actively shrinks the tissue over time.

    While the exact mechanisms remain unknown, the researchers acknowledged several limitations in the available evidence. For instance, the imaging studies included in the review were entirely cross-sectional. This type of research captures a single snapshot in time, making it impossible to determine the long-term progression of the anatomical changes in the brain.

    Additionally, many of the original studies relied on older magnetic resonance imaging scanners with lower spatial resolution. Medical professionals then had to manually trace the outline of the pineal gland on these older scans to calculate the volume. This manual process introduces the possibility of human error and measurement inconsistencies across different research centers.

    Moving forward, scientists need longitudinal studies that track brain anatomy, sleep patterns, and hormone levels in exactly the same individuals over many years. By observing people from childhood or adolescence through adulthood, scientists could determine exactly when the pineal gland stops growing in those who later develop psychiatric conditions. Unraveling this developmental timeline could eventually help doctors identify biological risk factors long before a clinical crisis occurs.

    The study, “Pineal Gland Volume, Sleep Quality, and Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” was authored by Sophie Bolwig and Kristian H. R. Jensen.

    URL: psypost.org/people-with-psychi

    -------------------------------------------------

    Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: clinicians-exchange.org

    Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot

    -------------------------------------------------

    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #PinealGland #SleepQuality #PsychiatricDisorders #Melatonin #BrainImaging #MRI #MentalHealthResearch #Neurodevelopment #Schizophrenia #MoodDisorders

  12. DATE: July 12, 2026 at 04:00PM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

    ** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
    -------------------------------------------------

    TITLE: People with psychiatric disorders tend to have a smaller pineal gland

    URL: psypost.org/people-with-psychi

    A new statistical review reveals that people diagnosed with psychiatric conditions tend to have a physically smaller pineal gland compared to those without such conditions. The comprehensive research, published in Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, also indicates that this structural difference does not appear to directly dictate how well a person sleeps.

    The pineal gland is a tiny, pea-shaped structure tucked deep inside the brain. Its primary function is the synthesis and release of melatonin. This hormone helps govern the body’s internal biological clock, often referred to as the circadian rhythm. The circadian rhythm dictates a host of physiological changes over a daily cycle, influencing body temperature, metabolism, and immune function.

    When the sun sets and the environment grows dark, the pineal gland increases melatonin production, signaling to the body that it is time to rest. Disruptions to this nightly cycle are incredibly common among individuals diagnosed with severe mental health conditions. Specifically, people with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia routinely experience extreme insomnia and altered sleep patterns.

    The pineal gland consists almost entirely of pinealocytes, which are the specialized cells responsible for producing melatonin. Because of this direct physical makeup, researchers suspect that the overall size of the gland might dictate a person’s total capacity for creating the sleep-promoting hormone. In theory, a physically smaller gland houses fewer hormone-producing cells.

    Previous attempts to measure the pineal gland in psychiatric patients have yielded contradictory results. Some brain imaging studies reported smaller volumes in patients with depression or schizophrenia, while other studies found no differences in anatomical size at all.

    Sophie Bolwig and Kristian H. R. Jensen, researchers at the Neurobiology Research Unit at Rigshospitalet in Copenhagen, Denmark, wanted to resolve these conflicting reports. They designed a meta-analysis, which is a research method that pools data from many individual studies into one mathematical model. This approach helps researchers spot broader patterns that might be hidden within the noise of isolated datasets.

    The researchers systematically scoured academic databases to locate studies that used magnetic resonance imaging, commonly known as MRI, to measure the size of the gland. They split the gathered research into two distinct analyses based on the specific biological questions they wanted to answer.

    The first analysis focused on anatomical differences by comparing the brain scans of people with formally diagnosed psychiatric disorders to the scans of healthy individuals. This group of studies included a combined total of over 1700 participants. The second analysis looked for links between pineal gland size and specific sleep measurements, utilizing data from over 700 participants.

    In the anatomical comparison, Bolwig and Jensen found that people with psychiatric conditions had a reduced pineal gland volume overall. To understand if this reduction was caused by the gland shrinking or simply by the presence of cysts, the team looked closely at the functional tissue. Pineal cysts are small pockets of fluid within the gland that are generally considered harmless structural anomalies.

    The researchers calculated the specific prevalence of these cysts and found no difference in frequency between the psychiatric patients and the healthy participants. When examining only the non-cystic tissue, they found this functional mass was also reduced. This means the actual hormone-producing structure was physically smaller in the patient group.

    The degree of this anatomical reduction varied widely depending on the specific psychiatric diagnosis. People with mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, exhibited a modest reduction in pineal gland volume. In contrast, patients on the schizophrenia spectrum showed a reduction that was approximately twice as large.

    To see if these physically smaller glands actually translated into sleep disruptions, the researchers turned to the second pool of data. These studies measured sleep variables using self-reported questionnaires, wearable motion trackers, and overnight monitoring in specialized sleep laboratories.

    The pooled data showed that the relationship between a larger pineal gland and better sleep was weak and not statistically significant. The high variability in how different studies measured sleep quality makes it difficult to draw absolute conclusions. Still, the current data suggests that the anatomical size of the gland does not directly dictate a person’s daily sleep quality.

    The researchers noted that these findings highlight the multifaceted nature of human sleep. A person’s ability to fall and stay asleep relies on psychological stressors, environmental factors, and an array of neurological systems beyond just melatonin production. Even if a physically smaller pineal gland produces slightly less melatonin, other networks in the brain might compensate to maintain basic sleep patterns.

    The study also provides hints about the biological origins of certain mental health conditions. A few of the analyzed studies included individuals who were classified as being at a high clinical risk for developing psychosis but had not yet developed a full disorder. These high-risk individuals already displayed reduced pineal gland volumes.

    Because the structural difference appears before the onset of severe psychiatric symptoms, the researchers propose that a smaller pineal gland might be an inherited neurodevelopmental trait. This idea is supported by recent genetic research showing that the genes which influence pineal gland volume overlap heavily with known genetic risk factors for schizophrenia. It appears to be a built-in vulnerability rather than a byproduct of long-term illness or psychiatric medication use.

    Alternative biological mechanisms might also explain the variation in volume. Medical professionals increasingly recognize that neuroinflammatory processes play a role in both mood disorders and schizophrenia. Chronic inflammation could potentially affect the pineal gland through oxidative stress, though scientists have yet to confirm if this physiological process actively shrinks the tissue over time.

    While the exact mechanisms remain unknown, the researchers acknowledged several limitations in the available evidence. For instance, the imaging studies included in the review were entirely cross-sectional. This type of research captures a single snapshot in time, making it impossible to determine the long-term progression of the anatomical changes in the brain.

    Additionally, many of the original studies relied on older magnetic resonance imaging scanners with lower spatial resolution. Medical professionals then had to manually trace the outline of the pineal gland on these older scans to calculate the volume. This manual process introduces the possibility of human error and measurement inconsistencies across different research centers.

    Moving forward, scientists need longitudinal studies that track brain anatomy, sleep patterns, and hormone levels in exactly the same individuals over many years. By observing people from childhood or adolescence through adulthood, scientists could determine exactly when the pineal gland stops growing in those who later develop psychiatric conditions. Unraveling this developmental timeline could eventually help doctors identify biological risk factors long before a clinical crisis occurs.

    The study, “Pineal Gland Volume, Sleep Quality, and Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” was authored by Sophie Bolwig and Kristian H. R. Jensen.

    URL: psypost.org/people-with-psychi

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  13. nature.com/news/2006/060417/fu “Immune dysregulation appears prominently, with elevated cytokines like interferon gamma, autoantibodies, and altered T-cell and NK-cell activity” - 🔬in other words chronic fatigue syndrome is a real thing. #science #medicine #chronicfatigue #education #psychology #mooddisorders

  14. nature.com/news/2006/060417/fu “Immune dysregulation appears prominently, with elevated cytokines like interferon gamma, autoantibodies, and altered T-cell and NK-cell activity” - 🔬in other words chronic fatigue syndrome is a real thing. #science #medicine #chronicfatigue #education #psychology #mooddisorders

  15. ENG: A 1:1 blend of THC:CBD (10mg/ml each cannabinoid) taken for three months caused significant improvement in pain scores, stiffness levels, sleep quality and fibromyalgia symptom scores:

    sciencedirect.com/science/arti

    ESP: Mezcla 1:1 de THC:CBD (10mg/ml de cada cannabinoide) tomada x tres meses causó una mejora significativa en las puntuaciones de dolor, niveles de rigidez, calidad del sueño y las puntuaciones de los síntomas de la fibromialgia

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  16. ENG: A 1:1 blend of THC:CBD (10mg/ml each cannabinoid) taken for three months caused significant improvement in pain scores, stiffness levels, sleep quality and fibromyalgia symptom scores:

    sciencedirect.com/science/arti

    ESP: Mezcla 1:1 de THC:CBD (10mg/ml de cada cannabinoide) tomada x tres meses causó una mejora significativa en las puntuaciones de dolor, niveles de rigidez, calidad del sueño y las puntuaciones de los síntomas de la fibromialgia

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  17. ENG: A 1:1 blend of THC:CBD (10mg/ml each cannabinoid) taken for three months caused significant improvement in pain scores, stiffness levels, sleep quality and fibromyalgia symptom scores:

    sciencedirect.com/science/arti

    ESP: Mezcla 1:1 de 7HC:CBD (10mg/ml de cada cannabinoide) tomada x tres meses causó una mejora significativa en las puntuaciones de dolor, niveles de rigidez, calidad del sueño y las puntuaciones de los síntomas de la fibromialgia

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  18. ENG: A 1:1 blend of THC:CBD (10mg/ml each cannabinoid) taken for three months caused significant improvement in pain scores, stiffness levels, sleep quality and fibromyalgia symptom scores:

    sciencedirect.com/science/arti

    ESP: Mezcla 1:1 de THC:CBD (10mg/ml de cada cannabinoide) tomada x tres meses causó una mejora significativa en las puntuaciones de dolor, niveles de rigidez, calidad del sueño y las puntuaciones de los síntomas de la fibromialgia

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  19. ENG: A 1:1 blend of THC:CBD (10mg/ml each cannabinoid) taken for three months caused significant improvement in pain scores, stiffness levels, sleep quality and fibromyalgia symptom scores:

    sciencedirect.com/science/arti

    ESP: Mezcla 1:1 de THC:CBD (10mg/ml de cada cannabinoide) tomada x tres meses causó una mejora significativa en las puntuaciones de dolor, niveles de rigidez, calidad del sueño y las puntuaciones de los síntomas de la fibromialgia

    #fibromyalgia #viral #bacterialdisease
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  20. Understanding the profound impact hormones have on our mental health is vital for successful treatment and preventative measures against mental health issues.

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  21. Hormonal imbalance can significantly influence mental health, destabilizing moods and increasing vulnerability to mental health disorders.

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  22. Struggling with a lot of rage today. Was anxious due to a plumbing issue that was being taken care of today (and dreading that I have another such ‘intrusion’ on Thursday), plus I feel overstimulated by the day which is a little too warm for me, a little too windy, too loud…. I can’t seem to slow myself down and pause when I get into these ragey moods. Or simply any time that I have to mask heavily (ie any time I’m around people). I have the sensation of being strapped into some kind of automated ‘ride’ (that’s the image I get, but it’s no fun at all) and I cannot, cannot get off of this ride until it reaches the end destination. And even then I can’t calm down or restart or re-focus or let go of that energy for quite awhile afterward. I took a nap which brought me about back to a kind of normal but I’m now exhausted.

    I really don’t like my rage and it’s almost never useful to me.

    It’s one of those days where I’m just so tired of being in my own head. Is medication the answer….? It’s not just rage but anxiety and exhaustion and mood swings and executive function issues. I can’t work or support myself on my own. It SO hard to deal with people even people I’m relatively comfortable with. It’s been so long since I’ve been medicated in any way (besides weed which I’m taking a break from indefinitely) but I feel like I can’t get a grip for more than a few days at a time IF I’m lucky to get that. Open to suggestions or advice about this angle.

    #ActuallyAutistic #AuDHD #ExecutiveFunction #MoodDisorders #Anger #Anxiety #SocialAnxiety

  23. Struggling with a lot of rage today. Was anxious due to a plumbing issue that was being taken care of today (and dreading that I have another such ‘intrusion’ on Thursday), plus I feel overstimulated by the day which is a little too warm for me, a little too windy, too loud…. I can’t seem to slow myself down and pause when I get into these ragey moods. Or simply any time that I have to mask heavily (ie any time I’m around people). I have the sensation of being strapped into some kind of automated ‘ride’ (that’s the image I get, but it’s no fun at all) and I cannot, cannot get off of this ride until it reaches the end destination. And even then I can’t calm down or restart or re-focus or let go of that energy for quite awhile afterward. I took a nap which brought me about back to a kind of normal but I’m now exhausted.

    I really don’t like my rage and it’s almost never useful to me.

    It’s one of those days where I’m just so tired of being in my own head. Is medication the answer….? It’s not just rage but anxiety and exhaustion and mood swings and executive function issues. I can’t work or support myself on my own. It SO hard to deal with people even people I’m relatively comfortable with. It’s been so long since I’ve been medicated in any way (besides weed which I’m taking a break from indefinitely) but I feel like I can’t get a grip for more than a few days at a time IF I’m lucky to get that. Open to suggestions or advice about this angle.

    #ActuallyAutistic #AuDHD #ExecutiveFunction #MoodDisorders #Anger #Anxiety #SocialAnxiety

  24. The holistic method of care supports both physical and mental health, offering a comprehensive strategy to combat hormone imbalance and its effects on mental well-being.

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