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Where are Grinevsky’s Notes?

And why am I only just now learning about Andrei Gromyko‘s three rules for negotiating with the West?

1) demand the maximum – do not meekly ask, but demand that which has never been yours;

2) present ultimatums – do not hold back on threats, since you will always find people in the West who are willing to negotiate; and

3) do not give one inch of ground in negotiations – they themselves will offer you at least part of what you are asking for, but do not take it: demand more, because they will go along with it, and in the end you will get a third or even half of that of which you had nothing previously.

These are the rules as summarized by Kaja Kallas, in a statement on the security situation in Europe in January of 2022, and again, one month later, at the Munich Security Conference, which was held just a few days before Russia invaded Ukraine. Kallas’ remarks have been in pretty wide circulation since then (and they are getting renewed attention now that Trump has presented Kyiv with an ultimatum*).

In an August 2025 article for Corriere della Sera (English text here), Paolo Valentino says these rules — the Gromyko “doctrine”– are taken from the “notes” of Gromyko’s associate, Oleg Grinevsky.

So far I have been unable to find those notes. That I cannot read Russian is an obvious but not insurmountable handicap; translation is likely to introduce other difficulties. (See this discussion of the “language barrier” and the examples given on pages 10-11 of this CIA Guide for American Negotiators from the early 1950s.) Still, I would like to see if Grinevsky-Gromyko draw the distinction between asking and demanding that Kallas draws. (Valentino’s paraphrase does not.)

That’s a distinction I’ve written about before, and at considerable length, so I won’t go on about it here. It’s a distinction that’s critical not just to the practice of negotiation, but also to the ways people conceive and model power.

*Update 26 Nov 2025: A leaked transcript of the 29 October conversation between Yuri Ushakov and Kirill Dmitriev about the Ukraine peace plan echoes the first rule of the Gromyko doctrine: it shows Ushakov telling his associate to take “the maximum position” in negotiations with the United States.

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