#reification — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #reification, aggregated by home.social.
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... #reification, qui accorde réalité/existence autonome à un indice qui n'est rien d'autre qu'une construction possible."
Le QI est précisément un indice, très facilement réifié.
+ ce que zappent souvent les politiques, et toujours les populistes/fascistes : la partie 'pondéré' mathématique (à ne pas confondre avec l'adjectif de personnalité).
#paralogisme = #syllogisme = type de raisonnement déductif -> ..
#NormandBaillargeon #cerveau #definition #psy #politique #vocabulaire #science #mot
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“ #Reification, the habit we’re about to walk through, doesn’t just misdescribe the world; it forecloses it, so that seeing what’s really there instead of what merely looks like it’s there is where movement becomes thinkable again” open.substack.com/pub/beerandf...
Marx in Moments 08 - Marx's On... -
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"If a machine can internalize and functionally map human distress or joy, figuring out how it should interact with society isn't a coding problem anymore. It’s a philosophical, moral, and spiritual problem.
#AI "💯%
And, how often has it occured in human history, that "things" that initially, maybe even protractedly, that #Colonial men did not comprehend, have suffered #Reification and/or #Enslavement?
Just think of the indigenous people of #Africa or... -
1/3
"If a machine can internalize and functionally map human distress or joy, figuring out how it should interact with society isn't a coding problem anymore. It’s a philosophical, moral, and spiritual problem.
#AI "💯%
And, how often has it occured in human history, that "things" that initially, maybe even protractedly, that #Colonial men did not comprehend, have suffered #Reification and/or #Enslavement?
Just think of the indigenous people of #Africa or... -
Even as #RDF has become ubiquitous in enterprises and across the web, its awkward handling of #reification — the ability to refer to other statements in a graph — has limited its wider adoption.
@ora and Adrian Gschwend lead the W3C working group that is tackling this problem. RDF 1.2 introduces the reifier, which lets you annotate individual graph relationships with provenance, confidence, and source.
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Even as #RDF has become ubiquitous in enterprises and across the web, its awkward handling of #reification — the ability to refer to other statements in a graph — has limited its wider adoption.
@ora and Adrian Gschwend lead the W3C working group that is tackling this problem. RDF 1.2 introduces the reifier, which lets you annotate individual graph relationships with provenance, confidence, and source.
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Société de contrôle : obéissance, spectacle et triade masquée
Contrôle (Deleuze/Zuboff) s'appuie sur : Weil (facilité d'obéir), Fromm (peur liberté), Debord (spectacle), biais status quo. Triade Dumézil (finance/guerre/commodity) naturalisée en compétition darwiniste (Kropotkine contredit). Hilferding/Lazzarato : finance asservit États. #Contrôle #Deleuze #Zuboff #Triade #PhilosophiePolitique #SurveillanceCapitalism #Réification La société de contrôle (Deleuze) —…
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De la réification à l’équivalence : Lukács, Adorno et le nihilisme bourgeois
Réification (Lukács) → société d'équivalence (Adorno/Horkheimer) → nihilisme bourgeois (Nietzsche). Vème République : héritière indirecte de la Révolution bourgeoise (Soboul). Contre l'administration totale, praxis des dominé.e.s. #Réification #DialectiqueDeLaRaison #Nihilisme #Soboul Réification lukácsienne : genèse Lukács diagnostique la réification comme transformation des rapports humains…
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Vacances d’hiver 25-26 : Rétrospective Lukács – De la réification à la praxis émancipatrice
Vacances d'hiver : plongez dans Lukács ! De la réification capitaliste à la conscience de classe, découvrez comment la rupture ontologique ouvre la praxis. Rétrospective complète sur le blog. #VacancesLecture #Lukács #Marx #Réification #Praxis 🔗 Liens en fil ↘️ Introduction : Pourquoi (re)lire Lukács cet hiver ? Georg Lukács (1885-1971) reste une référence majeure pour penser le…
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Vacances d’hiver 25-26 : Rétrospective Lukács – De la réification à la praxis émancipatrice
Vacances d'hiver : plongez dans Lukács ! De la réification capitaliste à la conscience de classe, découvrez comment la rupture ontologique ouvre la praxis. Rétrospective complète sur le blog. #VacancesLecture #Lukács #Marx #Réification #Praxis 🔗 Liens en fil ↘️ Introduction : Pourquoi (re)lire Lukács cet hiver ? Georg Lukács (1885-1971) reste une référence majeure pour penser le…
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Back in the lecture hall again after two exciting weeks of #ESWC2025 and #ISWS2025. This morning, we introduced our students to RDF, RDFS, RDF Inferencing, and RDF Reification.
#ise2025 #semanticweb #semweb #knowledgegraphs #rdf #reasoning #reification #lecture @fiz_karlsruhe @fizise @KIT_Karlsruhe @sourisnumerique @tabea @enorouzi
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Back in the lecture hall again after two exciting weeks of #ESWC2025 and #ISWS2025. This morning, we introduced our students to RDF, RDFS, RDF Inferencing, and RDF Reification.
#ise2025 #semanticweb #semweb #knowledgegraphs #rdf #reasoning #reification #lecture @fiz_karlsruhe @fizise @KIT_Karlsruhe @sourisnumerique @tabea @enorouzi
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wikidata + mediawiki = wikidata + provenance == wikiprov
by @beet_keeperToday I want to showcase a Wikidata proof of concept that I developed as part of my work integrating Siegfried and Wikidata.
That work is wikiprov a utility to augment Wikidata results in JSON with the Wikidata revision history.
For siegfried it means that we can showcase the source of the results being returned by an identification without having to go directly back to Wikidata, this might mean more exposure for individuals contributing to Wikidata. We also provide access to a standard permalink where records contributing to a format identification are fixed at their last edit. Because Wikidata is more mutable than a resource like PRONOM this gives us the best chance of understanding differences in results if we are comparing siegfried+Wikidata results side-by-side.
I am interested to hear your thoughts on the results of the work. Lets go into more detail below.
#Code #CreativeCommons #Data #digitalLiteracy #Golang #mediawiki #OpenData #OpenSource #provenance #reification #reify #siegfried #SPARQL #wikibase #wikidata
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#comminatoire : Qui est menaçant /qui fait peser la menace d'une sanction légale.
#impéritie : Incompétence, incapacité.
#réification : transformer en #chose / chosification.
#impregnation : Pénétration d'une culture, d'une théorie dans l'esprit de quelqu'un.
#abroger : Annuler légalement (un acte juridique)/déclarer nul (une loi, un décret, un règlement) /Révoquer formellement.
#pusillanime : Qui manque de courage/de résolution ; méprisablement craintif.
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#comminatoire : Qui est menaçant /qui fait peser la menace d'une sanction légale.
#impéritie : Incompétence, incapacité.
#réification : transformer en #chose / chosification.
#impregnation : Pénétration d'une culture, d'une théorie dans l'esprit de quelqu'un.
#abroger : Annuler légalement (un acte juridique)/déclarer nul (une loi, un décret, un règlement) /Révoquer formellement.
#pusillanime : Qui manque de courage/de résolution ; méprisablement craintif.
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"Small" things that I highly appreciate about Kotlin coming from Java - Chapter 1
Inline functions with reified type parameters:
𝚒𝚗𝚕𝚒𝚗𝚎 𝚏𝚞𝚗 <𝚛𝚎𝚒𝚏𝚒𝚎𝚍 𝚃> 𝚍𝚘𝚂𝚘𝚖𝚎𝚝𝚑𝚒𝚗𝚐(𝚟𝚊𝚕𝚞𝚎: 𝚃)
https://kotlinlang.org/docs/inline-functions.html#reified-type-parameters
No more passing classes as parameters. No more super type tokens. It just works.
#Kotlin #Java #JVM #Generics #TypeErasure #Reification #SoftwareDevelopment
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Okay, #philosophy nerds. I need y'all to explain "reification" to me like I'm a five-year-old. Thanks in advance.
GO.
#philosophyMastodon
#philosodon? #SoundsLikeADinosaur
#reification
#Marxism
#SimoneWeil
#reification
#ReificationFallacy -
Okay, #philosophy nerds. I need y'all to explain "reification" to me like I'm a five-year-old. Thanks in advance.
GO.
#philosophyMastodon
#philosodon? #SoundsLikeADinosaur
#reification
#Marxism
#SimoneWeil
#reification
#ReificationFallacy -
To be able to make statements about statements is essential to model provenance and to deal with trust or confidence. In the last #ISE2024 lecture we were discussing RDF Reification and RDF* for exactly this purpose.
slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gJ3RD3Sz2JuEpCF-mBBfA85boYP_jrON/view?usp=drive_link
#knowledgegraphs #RDF #reification #semanticweb #lecture @ebrahim @sourisnumerique @shufan @fizise #aiart
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To be able to make statements about statements is essential to model provenance and to deal with trust or confidence. In the last #ISE2024 lecture we were discussing RDF Reification and RDF* for exactly this purpose.
slides: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1gJ3RD3Sz2JuEpCF-mBBfA85boYP_jrON/view?usp=drive_link
#knowledgegraphs #RDF #reification #semanticweb #lecture @ebrahim @sourisnumerique @shufan @fizise #aiart
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Body Acceptance Is about Accepting People
Jarune Uwujaren: https://everydayfeminism.com/2013/11/grappling-with-body-negativity/
#beauty #health #ableism #feminism #bodyPositive #acceptance #disability #handicap #body #Suffering #fat #reification #crip #bodyAcceptance #acceptYourself #relationships
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Body Acceptance Is about Accepting People
Jarune Uwujaren: https://everydayfeminism.com/2013/11/grappling-with-body-negativity/
#beauty #health #ableism #feminism #bodyPositive #acceptance #disability #handicap #body #Suffering #fat #reification #crip #bodyAcceptance #acceptYourself #relationships
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Une révolution conservatrice dans la laïcité, une logique totalitaire
Retour sur la loi antifoulard du 15 mars 2004
par Pierre Tevanian : https://lmsi.net/Une-revolution-conservatrice-dans-la-laicite@histoire @patriarcat @supremacisme
#guerreCulturelle #paniqueMorale #islamophobie #unitaire #interdiction #foulardàLÉcole #mars2004 #féminismes #laïcité #voile #hijab #DroitsDesFemmes #foulardIslamique #voileàLÉcole #féminismeBourgeois #féminismeBlanc #blanchité #signesReligieux #signesOstentatoires #foulard #intégration #fragilité #fragilitéBlanche #suprémacisme #suprémacismeBlanc #racismeDÉtat #racialisation #valeurs #valeursRépublicaines #réification #paternalisme #patriarcat #dynamiqueIslamophobe #déshumanisation #colonialité #intersectionnalité #sociologie #lectureDécoloniale #fragilité #méritocratie
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Une révolution conservatrice dans la laïcité, une logique totalitaire
Retour sur la loi antifoulard du 15 mars 2004
par Pierre Tevanian : https://lmsi.net/Une-revolution-conservatrice-dans-la-laicite@histoire @patriarcat @supremacisme
#guerreCulturelle #paniqueMorale #islamophobie #unitaire #interdiction #foulardàLÉcole #mars2004 #féminismes #laïcité #voile #hijab #DroitsDesFemmes #foulardIslamique #voileàLÉcole #féminismeBourgeois #féminismeBlanc #blanchité #signesReligieux #signesOstentatoires #foulard #intégration #fragilité #fragilitéBlanche #suprémacisme #suprémacismeBlanc #racismeDÉtat #racialisation #valeurs #valeursRépublicaines #réification #paternalisme #patriarcat #dynamiqueIslamophobe #déshumanisation #colonialité #intersectionnalité #sociologie #lectureDécoloniale #fragilité #méritocratie
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Ismahane Chouder : "Il y a incapacité à nous appréhender comme sujets de nos propres choix".
Louiza Belhamici : "Nous essayons de ne plus parler de voile mais de foulard".
Une émission de 2014 : http://oummatv.tv/201342/deshumanisation-femmes-voilees#guerreCulturelle #laïcité #paniqueMorale #foulard #hijab #voile #intégration #fragilité #fragilitéBlanche #suprémacisme #suprémacismeBlanc #SuprématieBlanche #racialisation #valeurs #valeursRépublicaines #islamophobie #réification #paternalisme #patriarcat #dynamiqueIslamophobe #citation #citations #déshumanisation #pouvoirDeSoi #agentivité #colonialité #intersectionnalité #sociologie
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Ismahane Chouder : "Il y a incapacité à nous appréhender comme sujets de nos propres choix".
Louiza Belhamici : "Nous essayons de ne plus parler de voile mais de foulard".
Une émission de 2014 : http://oummatv.tv/201342/deshumanisation-femmes-voilees#guerreCulturelle #laïcité #paniqueMorale #foulard #hijab #voile #intégration #fragilité #fragilitéBlanche #suprémacisme #suprémacismeBlanc #SuprématieBlanche #racialisation #valeurs #valeursRépublicaines #islamophobie #réification #paternalisme #patriarcat #dynamiqueIslamophobe #citation #citations #déshumanisation #pouvoirDeSoi #agentivité #colonialité #intersectionnalité #sociologie
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On n’oublie pas, on pardonne pas.
Les partis de gauche ont beaucoup travaillé à remettre les femmes musulmanes à leur place : #subalterne ; ça peut être pratique d’avoir une compilation sur la #dynamiqueIslamophobe hors droite. En date de 2013 :
Signataires de pétition islamophobe: Élisabeth Badinter, Annie Sugier, Michèle Vianès, Corinne Lepage, Olivier Dussopt, Harlem Désir dans Marianne : https://www.marianne.net/politique/signataires-de-l-appel-pour-une-loi-sur-les-signes-religieux
Le #PartiSocialiste comme le #PartiDeGauche/#Mélenchon excluent les filles en foulard de l’école : https://lmsi.net/Elements-d-un-futur-Livre-noir
… loi condamnée par l’ONU
Le PG est absent du mouvement "Egalité des Droits - Justice pour tou·te·s"
"Contre l’offensive islamophobe, un front large et massif" avec toutes les composantes du FdG sauf le PG : https://blogs.mediapart.fr/edition/les-batailles-de-legalite/article/200413/contre-loffensive-islamophobe-un-front-large-et-massif
Le PG demande au gouvernement d’empêcher les femmes en fichu de travailler : https://web.archive.org/web/20130324025239/https://www.lepartidegauche.fr/actualites/communique/creche-baby-loup-la-laicite-prend-eau-toute-part-21473/
Les attaques contre le #vivreEnsemble étaient dans la plateforme du congrès du PG : https://web.archive.org/web/20130326051446/https://www.lepartidegauche.fr/actualites/actualite/on-lache-rien-21569/ "laïcité intransigeante". Comme Harlem Désir.#guerreCulturelle #laïcité #paniqueMorale #foulard #hijab #voile #DroitsDesFemmes #blanchité #interdiction #foulardàLÉcole #mars2004 #féminismes #voile #hijab #paniqueMorale #foulardIslamique #voileàLÉcole #signesReligieux #signesOstentatoires #fragilité #fragilitéBlanche #suprémacisme #suprémacismeBlanc #SuprématieBlanche #racialisation #valeurs #valeursRépublicaines #islamophobie #réification #paternalisme #patriarcat #dynamiqueIslamophobe #laïcisme #laïcards #laïcitéDeCombat #paternalisme #unitaire #instrumentalisation #FranceInsoumise #islamophobie #égalité #universalisme #féminismeBourgeois #féminismeBlanc #féminisme #decoloniale #politique #proSionisme #colonialité #israélisme #soutien #connivence #confusion #amalgame #FranceIsraël #France #FrPol #Badinter
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On n’oublie pas, on pardonne pas.
Les partis de gauche ont beaucoup travaillé à remettre les femmes musulmanes à leur place : #subalterne ; ça peut être pratique d’avoir une compilation sur la #dynamiqueIslamophobe hors droite. En date de 2013 :
Signataires de pétition islamophobe: Élisabeth Badinter, Annie Sugier, Michèle Vianès, Corinne Lepage, Olivier Dussopt, Harlem Désir dans Marianne : https://www.marianne.net/politique/signataires-de-l-appel-pour-une-loi-sur-les-signes-religieux
Le #PartiSocialiste comme le #PartiDeGauche/#Mélenchon excluent les filles en foulard de l’école : https://lmsi.net/Elements-d-un-futur-Livre-noir
… loi condamnée par l’ONU
Le PG est absent du mouvement "Egalité des Droits - Justice pour tou·te·s"
"Contre l’offensive islamophobe, un front large et massif" avec toutes les composantes du FdG sauf le PG : https://blogs.mediapart.fr/edition/les-batailles-de-legalite/article/200413/contre-loffensive-islamophobe-un-front-large-et-massif
Le PG demande au gouvernement d’empêcher les femmes en fichu de travailler : https://web.archive.org/web/20130324025239/https://www.lepartidegauche.fr/actualites/communique/creche-baby-loup-la-laicite-prend-eau-toute-part-21473/
Les attaques contre le #vivreEnsemble étaient dans la plateforme du congrès du PG : https://web.archive.org/web/20130326051446/https://www.lepartidegauche.fr/actualites/actualite/on-lache-rien-21569/ "laïcité intransigeante". Comme Harlem Désir.#guerreCulturelle #laïcité #paniqueMorale #foulard #hijab #voile #DroitsDesFemmes #blanchité #interdiction #foulardàLÉcole #mars2004 #féminismes #voile #hijab #paniqueMorale #foulardIslamique #voileàLÉcole #signesReligieux #signesOstentatoires #fragilité #fragilitéBlanche #suprémacisme #suprémacismeBlanc #SuprématieBlanche #racialisation #valeurs #valeursRépublicaines #islamophobie #réification #paternalisme #patriarcat #dynamiqueIslamophobe #laïcisme #laïcards #laïcitéDeCombat #paternalisme #unitaire #instrumentalisation #FranceInsoumise #islamophobie #égalité #universalisme #féminismeBourgeois #féminismeBlanc #féminisme #decoloniale #politique #proSionisme #colonialité #israélisme #soutien #connivence #confusion #amalgame #FranceIsraël #France #FrPol #Badinter
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L’économie de la haine contre Maryam Pougetoux
Retour sur la panique morale de mai 2018 et ses effets sociaux
par Pauline Delage, Renaud Cornand : https://lmsi.net/L-economie-de-la-haine#guerreCulturelle #laïcité #paniqueMorale #France #FRPol #foulard #hijab #voile #intégration #fragilité #fragilitéBlanche #suprémacisme #suprémacismeBlanc #SuprématieBlanche #violenceDÉtat #racialisation #réification #valeurs #valeursRépublicaines #guerreCulturelle #laïcisme #laïcards #laïcitéDeCombat #paternalisme #unitaire #instrumentalisation #FranceInsoumise #islamophobie #égalité #universalisme #féminismeBourgeois #féminismeBlanc #féminisme
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L’économie de la haine contre Maryam Pougetoux
Retour sur la panique morale de mai 2018 et ses effets sociaux
par Pauline Delage, Renaud Cornand : https://lmsi.net/L-economie-de-la-haine#guerreCulturelle #laïcité #paniqueMorale #France #FRPol #foulard #hijab #voile #intégration #fragilité #fragilitéBlanche #suprémacisme #suprémacismeBlanc #SuprématieBlanche #violenceDÉtat #racialisation #réification #valeurs #valeursRépublicaines #guerreCulturelle #laïcisme #laïcards #laïcitéDeCombat #paternalisme #unitaire #instrumentalisation #FranceInsoumise #islamophobie #égalité #universalisme #féminismeBourgeois #féminismeBlanc #féminisme
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Marwan Mohammed et Abdellali Hajjat disent que beaucoup perçoivent le hijab comme un étendard masquant une offensive [contre la République ou israël]. "Difficile d’avoir de l’empathie pour vos ennemis." http://www.saphirnews.com/Les-lois-anti-voile-signent-la-mort-sociale-des-musulmanes_a18544.html
Il semblerait n’y ait pas que le patriarcat, le libéralisme, l’orientalisme, la colonialité ou le racisme pour expliquer que des blanc·hes réifient les femmes en foulard !
#réification #valeurs #valeursRépublicaines #antisémitisme #confusion #militantisme #victoire #défaite #guerreCulturelle #laïcité #paniqueMorale #France #FRPol #foulard #hijab #intégration #fragilité #fragilitéBlanche #suprémacisme #suprémacismeBlanc #SuprématieBlanche #violenceDÉtat #racialisation #interdiction #mars2004 #patriarcat #decoloniale #intersectionalité #FranceIsraël #israélisme #soutien #connivence #confusion #amalgame
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Marwan Mohammed et Abdellali Hajjat disent que beaucoup perçoivent le hijab comme un étendard masquant une offensive [contre la République ou israël]. "Difficile d’avoir de l’empathie pour vos ennemis." http://www.saphirnews.com/Les-lois-anti-voile-signent-la-mort-sociale-des-musulmanes_a18544.html
Il semblerait n’y ait pas que le patriarcat, le libéralisme, l’orientalisme, la colonialité ou le racisme pour expliquer que des blanc·hes réifient les femmes en foulard !
#réification #valeurs #valeursRépublicaines #antisémitisme #confusion #militantisme #victoire #défaite #guerreCulturelle #laïcité #paniqueMorale #France #FRPol #foulard #hijab #intégration #fragilité #fragilitéBlanche #suprémacisme #suprémacismeBlanc #SuprématieBlanche #violenceDÉtat #racialisation #interdiction #mars2004 #patriarcat #decoloniale #intersectionalité #FranceIsraël #israélisme #soutien #connivence #confusion #amalgame
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'The body which leaks, desires, rages, and lusts is seemingly disjointed from the dry and dense writings that often characterize Adorno's work. As bleak as this description of Adorno's writings may be, however, the body is both central to his critique of modernity and the site of hope and desire against the total domination and suffering that capitalism imposes. This paper highlights some of the ways in which feminist philosophy of disability and disability studies, more generally, would benefit by thinking in constellation with Adorno's negative dialectic to interrogate the ways in which meanings get made about bodies and, furthermore, use the margins of difference, in relation with others, to challenge what Adorno calls the "wrong state of things." I argue that the transfigured crip to come is central to this fight against the "wrong state of things."'
Kelly Fritsch: https://dsq-sds.org/index.php/dsq/article/view/3869/3408 @philosophy
#Philosophy #disability #handicap #body #Suffering #Adorno #reification #crip
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'The body which leaks, desires, rages, and lusts is seemingly disjointed from the dry and dense writings that often characterize Adorno's work. As bleak as this description of Adorno's writings may be, however, the body is both central to his critique of modernity and the site of hope and desire against the total domination and suffering that capitalism imposes. This paper highlights some of the ways in which feminist philosophy of disability and disability studies, more generally, would benefit by thinking in constellation with Adorno's negative dialectic to interrogate the ways in which meanings get made about bodies and, furthermore, use the margins of difference, in relation with others, to challenge what Adorno calls the "wrong state of things." I argue that the transfigured crip to come is central to this fight against the "wrong state of things."'
Kelly Fritsch: https://dsq-sds.org/index.php/dsq/article/view/3869/3408 @philosophy
#Philosophy #disability #handicap #body #Suffering #Adorno #reification #crip
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Reification and objectification
"The notion of objectification concerns an interpersonal relationship, the individual action targeted by morality and law [...]. The notion of objectification, understood in this way, dispenses with a critical theory of society, which is central to the concept of reification. The emphasis is on individual responsibility, on the condemnation of singular acts, rather than on the social structures that demand, authorise or perpetuate these behaviours."
"In her book Dialectics of the Body, Lisa Yun Lee proposes an understanding of reification in Adorno based on the question of the body: the body forgotten by scientific modernity, the repressed body associated with nature and the feminine, the body mutilated by identity violence, and the commodity and spectacle body, instrumentalised for production (Yun Lee, 2004). "All reification is an oblivion": an oblivion of suffering, a collective anaesthesia to the effects of domination systematically organised and reproduced by reification."
Naït Ahmed, Salima ; Loslier-Simon, Marie : « Réification». Dictionnaire du genre en traduction / Dictionary of Gender in Translation / Diccionario del género en traducción. ISSN: 2967-3623. Mis en ligne le 09 Novembre 2023: https://worldgender.cnrs.fr/notices/reification/ @patriarchy
#Reification #objectification #research #feminism #feminisms #systemicRacism #blackFeminism #dictionary #InternationalDayOfWomenSRights #WomenSRights #March8 #InternationalWomenSRightsDay #InternationalWomenSDay #WomenSDay #CNRS
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Reification and objectification
"The notion of objectification concerns an interpersonal relationship, the individual action targeted by morality and law [...]. The notion of objectification, understood in this way, dispenses with a critical theory of society, which is central to the concept of reification. The emphasis is on individual responsibility, on the condemnation of singular acts, rather than on the social structures that demand, authorise or perpetuate these behaviours."
"In her book Dialectics of the Body, Lisa Yun Lee proposes an understanding of reification in Adorno based on the question of the body: the body forgotten by scientific modernity, the repressed body associated with nature and the feminine, the body mutilated by identity violence, and the commodity and spectacle body, instrumentalised for production (Yun Lee, 2004). "All reification is an oblivion": an oblivion of suffering, a collective anaesthesia to the effects of domination systematically organised and reproduced by reification."
Naït Ahmed, Salima ; Loslier-Simon, Marie : « Réification». Dictionnaire du genre en traduction / Dictionary of Gender in Translation / Diccionario del género en traducción. ISSN: 2967-3623. Mis en ligne le 09 Novembre 2023: https://worldgender.cnrs.fr/notices/reification/ @patriarchy
#Reification #objectification #research #feminism #feminisms #systemicRacism #blackFeminism #dictionary #InternationalDayOfWomenSRights #WomenSRights #March8 #InternationalWomenSRightsDay #InternationalWomenSDay #WomenSDay #CNRS
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La réification et l’objectification
"La notion d’objectification concerne une relation interpersonnelle, l’agir individuel visé par la morale et le droit […]. La notion d’objectification, ainsi entendue, se passe d’une théorie critique de la société, centrale pour le concept de réification. L’accent est porté sur la responsabilité individuelle, sur la condamnation d’actes singuliers, plutôt que sur les structures sociales qui demandent, autorisent ou perpétuent ces comportements."
"Dans son livre Dialectics of the Body, Lisa Yun Lee propose de comprendre la réification chez Adorno à partir de la question du corps : le corps oublié par la modernité scientifique, le corps réprimé associé à la nature et au féminin, le corps mutilé par la violence identitaire, et le corps marchandise et spectacle, instrumentalisé pour la production (Yun Lee, 2004). « Toute réification est un oubli » : un oubli de la souffrance, une anesthésie collective aux effets de la domination systématiquement organisée et reproduite par la réification."
Naït Ahmed, Salima ; Loslier-Simon, Marie : « Réification». Dictionnaire du genre en traduction / Dictionary of Gender in Translation / Diccionario del género en traducción. ISSN: 2967-3623. Mis en ligne le 09 Novembre 2023: https://worldgender.cnrs.fr/notices/reification/
#féminisme #féminismes #écoFéminisme #JournéeInternationaleDeLuttePourLesDroitsDesFemmes #DroitsDesFemmes #8Mars #JournéeInternationaleDesDroitsDesFemmes #JournéeInternationaleDesFemmes #JournéeDeLaFemme #réification #objectification #CNRS
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La réification et l’objectification
"La notion d’objectification concerne une relation interpersonnelle, l’agir individuel visé par la morale et le droit […]. La notion d’objectification, ainsi entendue, se passe d’une théorie critique de la société, centrale pour le concept de réification. L’accent est porté sur la responsabilité individuelle, sur la condamnation d’actes singuliers, plutôt que sur les structures sociales qui demandent, autorisent ou perpétuent ces comportements."
"Dans son livre Dialectics of the Body, Lisa Yun Lee propose de comprendre la réification chez Adorno à partir de la question du corps : le corps oublié par la modernité scientifique, le corps réprimé associé à la nature et au féminin, le corps mutilé par la violence identitaire, et le corps marchandise et spectacle, instrumentalisé pour la production (Yun Lee, 2004). « Toute réification est un oubli » : un oubli de la souffrance, une anesthésie collective aux effets de la domination systématiquement organisée et reproduite par la réification."
Naït Ahmed, Salima ; Loslier-Simon, Marie : « Réification». Dictionnaire du genre en traduction / Dictionary of Gender in Translation / Diccionario del género en traducción. ISSN: 2967-3623. Mis en ligne le 09 Novembre 2023: https://worldgender.cnrs.fr/notices/reification/
#féminisme #féminismes #écoFéminisme #JournéeInternationaleDeLuttePourLesDroitsDesFemmes #DroitsDesFemmes #8Mars #JournéeInternationaleDesDroitsDesFemmes #JournéeInternationaleDesFemmes #JournéeDeLaFemme #réification #objectification #CNRS
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In our first excursion of this week's #kg2023 lecture you will learn about the importance of reification, i.e. to make a statement about a statement. For RDF we will discuss traditional RDF reification as well as alternative approaches as e.g., RDF singleton properties or RDF*
video lecture: https://open.hpi.de/courses/knowledgegraphs2023/items/5IDjDbjsNFlNLkxLItxQUj
@fizise @fiz_karlsruhe @tabea @sashabruns @enorouzi @heikef #knowledgegraph #mooc #lecture #rdf #reification -
In our first excursion of this week's #kg2023 lecture you will learn about the importance of reification, i.e. to make a statement about a statement. For RDF we will discuss traditional RDF reification as well as alternative approaches as e.g., RDF singleton properties or RDF*
video lecture: https://open.hpi.de/courses/knowledgegraphs2023/items/5IDjDbjsNFlNLkxLItxQUj
@fizise @fiz_karlsruhe @tabea @sashabruns @enorouzi @heikef #knowledgegraph #mooc #lecture #rdf #reification -
Hommes et femmes sont filmés différemment. De ce constat implacable et rigoureusement étayé, Nina Menkes met en évidence la #réification des protagonistes féminines dans le cinéma, message plus ou moins conscient qui aboutit selon elle à un « langage commun de la culture du viol » #sexisme #cinema https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/110260-000-A/brainwashed-le-sexisme-au-cinema
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So I am a week into my #Zizek #Lacan #Hegel studies, through Zizek's lens. All good. I think Zizek's #philosophy of looking at Hegel through the Lacanian lens is seductive. That said, where I find the lens of Zizek lacking, and I now wish he'd not talk about these 2(3) things any more are:
1. #Buddhism (https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/why-lacan-is-not-a-buddhist-a-belated-reply-to-my-critics/)
-the boy criticizes Buddhism like people criticize #Freud. All or nothing, for the most part.
2. #Christianity and #God https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tABnznhzdIY
- I was a serious #catholic half my life, seminarian for minute, and an ordained deacon, still, even after I confessed my #atheism. So I get what he is saying. My atheism has never felt the same as #Dawkins or #Hitchens, whom we adore, and Zizek sneers. Slipping through the profound safety net religion and a transcendent, all powerful, personal god into the #existentialism of nothing was terrifying, it was my first experience of the "#real." This is it. This is all there is. The problem is it appears Zizek commits the #fallacy of #reification (if we understand it correctly). Clearly he knows it is #fiction, even if profound from a #psychoanalytic Hegelian #CriticalAnalysis, we get it we really do, but it is not real. The #event is real, and the fiction caused the event, but the fiction is still fiction. There is no God, IOP, that became an atheist. The #story Zizek emphasizes is powerful, the changing of the cosmos when #Jesus on the cross questions Gods love. Good story and that is all. Some RCC positions from recent popes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlBZy_iu0m8 and https://www.romereports.com/en/2021/09/14/full-homily-of-pope-francis-at/
So please, Zizek, can I say stay in your lane where you are brilliant, please. -
So I am a week into my #Zizek #Lacan #Hegel studies, through Zizek's lens. All good. I think Zizek's #philosophy of looking at Hegel through the Lacanian lens is seductive. That said, where I find the lens of Zizek lacking, and I now wish he'd not talk about these 2(3) things any more are:
1. #Buddhism (https://thephilosophicalsalon.com/why-lacan-is-not-a-buddhist-a-belated-reply-to-my-critics/)
-the boy criticizes Buddhism like people criticize #Freud. All or nothing, for the most part.
2. #Christianity and #God https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tABnznhzdIY
- I was a serious #catholic half my life, seminarian for minute, and an ordained deacon, still, even after I confessed my #atheism. So I get what he is saying. My atheism has never felt the same as #Dawkins or #Hitchens, whom we adore, and Zizek sneers. Slipping through the profound safety net religion and a transcendent, all powerful, personal god into the #existentialism of nothing was terrifying, it was my first experience of the "#real." This is it. This is all there is. The problem is it appears Zizek commits the #fallacy of #reification (if we understand it correctly). Clearly he knows it is #fiction, even if profound from a #psychoanalytic Hegelian #CriticalAnalysis, we get it we really do, but it is not real. The #event is real, and the fiction caused the event, but the fiction is still fiction. There is no God, IOP, that became an atheist. The #story Zizek emphasizes is powerful, the changing of the cosmos when #Jesus on the cross questions Gods love. Good story and that is all. Some RCC positions from recent popes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PlBZy_iu0m8 and https://www.romereports.com/en/2021/09/14/full-homily-of-pope-francis-at/
So please, Zizek, can I say stay in your lane where you are brilliant, please. -
I think this year's Nobel is a big driver behind the recent spate of confusing articles.
It's hard to imagine replacing our notions of #space & #time with "something else", or that they're merely "illusions". However, that does not change the fact that these are our self-defined inputs. We've been successfully using them to communicate & describe reality from our beginning.
Still, the reactions to the #reification of these abstract concepts (now counting over 100 years) are often worse than the error itself.
The media seems to be condoned by the 'leaders' of these fields, who decade after decade, choose to teach via 'mystical confusion' rather than to openly admit the inherent flaws in our best theories. Ego is a helluva drug.
The historical timeline has been redacted & sanitized so much that even ernest researchers are left with nothing more than the same set of useless quotes, that are humble-brags for how stupid you (the student) are, and how hopeless it would be for anyone to attempt to solve what the previous gods were incapable of.
Taken all together, this #clstrfk does not inspire much confidence in the '#system', the lack of which becomes more radical with each generation, displayed as anti-authority & anti-intellectualism. These generations & their attitude are now the norm.
On the bright side, there are no clearer examples of being on the precipice of #revolution.
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I think this year's Nobel is a big driver behind the recent spate of confusing articles.
It's hard to imagine replacing our notions of #space & #time with "something else", or that they're merely "illusions". However, that does not change the fact that these are our self-defined inputs. We've been successfully using them to communicate & describe reality from our beginning.
Still, the reactions to the #reification of these abstract concepts (now counting over 100 years) are often worse than the error itself.
The media seems to be condoned by the 'leaders' of these fields, who decade after decade, choose to teach via 'mystical confusion' rather than to openly admit the inherent flaws in our best theories. Ego is a helluva drug.
The historical timeline has been redacted & sanitized so much that even ernest researchers are left with nothing more than the same set of useless quotes, that are humble-brags for how stupid you (the student) are, and how hopeless it would be for anyone to attempt to solve what the previous gods were incapable of.
Taken all together, this #clstrfk does not inspire much confidence in the '#system', the lack of which becomes more radical with each generation, displayed as anti-authority & anti-intellectualism. These generations & their attitude are now the norm.
On the bright side, there are no clearer examples of being on the precipice of #revolution.
-
@pietercolpaert yes, interesting opinion and surely legit from one particular point of view: Kinda curious (and still not convinced) whether RDF*/SPARQL* will help there ... In some sense being yet-another-reification-mechanism. While others (like #wikidata's namespace-reification, or various other property graph models) have grown to a point to be hard to rollback/capture in a single standard... IMHO, one of the troubles is that RDF1.0 didn't get #reification and the necessity to express *context* usable in the beginning is part of the issue: RDF1.1 didn't really manage to fix this, and not sure yet * will. Opinions welcome!
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@pietercolpaert yes, interesting opinion and surely legit from one particular point of view: Kinda curious (and still not convinced) whether RDF*/SPARQL* will help there ... In some sense being yet-another-reification-mechanism. While others (like #wikidata's namespace-reification, or various other property graph models) have grown to a point to be hard to rollback/capture in a single standard... IMHO, one of the troubles is that RDF1.0 didn't get #reification and the necessity to express *context* usable in the beginning is part of the issue: RDF1.1 didn't really manage to fix this, and not sure yet * will. Opinions welcome!
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CW: On social epistemology or the social construction of knowledge
I have been thinking about how knowledge is socially defined. The schemes through which we interpret our world are themselves built by the structures of our world. The separation between epistemology and the study of social systems is not real, even though they were often conceived as different fields. Specific social structures correlate to specific structures of our knowledge. Even our own feelings and our deepest intimacy are read and constructed by ourselves through socially mediated patterns of comprehension.
This social definition of our understanding also means that all knowledge must be framed in relation to a social system and is always geographically situated. Just imagine the most skillful programmer being transferred to our deepest countrysides where traditional agriculture is still a means for life, to a wooden boat in the middle of the sea, to one of the last remaining mountain settlements of an original tribe in Timor. What knowledge would this programmer have in their new environment? What comprehension of the social order? This also applies to the temporal dimension. What if they went to the Middle Ages?
Against these made-up scenarios, one may argue with more made-up situations. "Ok, but in our daily world there are less and less places that are isolated from our technological world, the programmer in the countriside could become a bridge between the local population and a global economy...". This, far from being a counter-argument, agrees with the social spaciallity of knowledge. The skills of the programmer would become knowledge only from the moment they are able to put them in relation to a social system.
Probably this is a reason why it is so hard to imagine a different world sometimes. This is capitalist realism. There is no nature (nor human nature) that is not socially mediated via our socially situated knowledge. That is also a reason why it is so important to create autonomous spaces here and know. Also a reason why reformist and authoritarian "blueprints" about how society should work will never be more than a fantasy. Any change in society will also change ourselves, if we want to change ourselves we will need to change our material context, by changing society we will also changing ourselves. If we want to prefigurate a new world, we must build these autonomous spaced inside of the old. Non-commodity economies based on solidarity and mutual aid, mutual care networks, pirate libraries and free spaces for sharing learning materials, re-framing the ways in which we relate to others in our daily life...
Nothing of what I said is new. Actually, I am of the oppinion that no one "says" anything new, we are just specific moments in a greater shared discourse. Classic anarchism had already talked much about how the "unavoidable authority of society" shapes us and how we shape others by the mere act of participating in social exchange. That's also a discussion on material liberty and positive freedom, in opposition to burgeoise conceptions of "negative freedom". Malatesta talked about how our individual bolitions are shaped by our material environments in his introductory text "At the Café".
Capitalist relations set what is knowledge and what is not, which interpretations of the world are valid and which are not. And, even when we create alt spaces where to "prefigurate" new relations to ourselves and our surroundings, these spaces would still be placed in a greater capitalist context. That is a limitation to the degree of autonomous organization that can be achieved inside of our spaces, and that's a paramount contradiction that we are forced to manage in our daily struggle. The inner organization of our spaces being limited by capital and contextualized into a capitalist economy, also our schemes of knowledge and the means by which we relate to ourselves and our world remain utterly rooted in relations of domination, hierarchy and authority.
This brings to the necessity of constantly destroying and re-creating our spaces and ourselves, in accordance to the urges of our time. I am skeptic of organizations that remain the same for decades without being rebuilt nor assuming inner transformations. For example, for most spaces, it is impossible to survive without accepting, at least circunstamcially, to use money to acquire materials and supplies. But these spaces and organizations should remain cautious in order not to internalize too much the rolle of money and conceiving it as essential. It is not, and that's how we begin reifying capitalist relations inside our very organizations. We must be conscious about how the ways in which we organize ourselves influence the ways in which we see and think. By transforming our material contexts, we will also be transforming our understanding of the world.
I read some anarchonihilists online saying that also in an anarchist world would be revolutions. And that is true. It *needs* to be true. Anarchism is not a goal, but a means. Or better, it is a means that is also a goal, a process of perpetuate destruction of the old and re-construction of the new in accordance to ourselves. The world will never stop shaping us, but it is in our hands whether to be pasive objects or active subjects in this process.
#epistemology #organization #anarchism #AnarchistOrganizing #ideology #anarchonihilism #liberty #freedom #reification #authority #antiauthority
-
CW: On social epistemology or the social construction of knowledge
I have been thinking about how knowledge is socially defined. The schemes through which we interpret our world are themselves built by the structures of our world. The separation between epistemology and the study of social systems is not real, even though they were often conceived as different fields. Specific social structures correlate to specific structures of our knowledge. Even our own feelings and our deepest intimacy are read and constructed by ourselves through socially mediated patterns of comprehension.
This social definition of our understanding also means that all knowledge must be framed in relation to a social system and is always geographically situated. Just imagine the most skillful programmer being transferred to our deepest countrysides where traditional agriculture is still a means for life, to a wooden boat in the middle of the sea, to one of the last remaining mountain settlements of an original tribe in Timor. What knowledge would this programmer have in their new environment? What comprehension of the social order? This also applies to the temporal dimension. What if they went to the Middle Ages?
Against these made-up scenarios, one may argue with more made-up situations. "Ok, but in our daily world there are less and less places that are isolated from our technological world, the programmer in the countriside could become a bridge between the local population and a global economy...". This, far from being a counter-argument, agrees with the social spaciallity of knowledge. The skills of the programmer would become knowledge only from the moment they are able to put them in relation to a social system.
Probably this is a reason why it is so hard to imagine a different world sometimes. This is capitalist realism. There is no nature (nor human nature) that is not socially mediated via our socially situated knowledge. That is also a reason why it is so important to create autonomous spaces here and know. Also a reason why reformist and authoritarian "blueprints" about how society should work will never be more than a fantasy. Any change in society will also change ourselves, if we want to change ourselves we will need to change our material context, by changing society we will also changing ourselves. If we want to prefigurate a new world, we must build these autonomous spaced inside of the old. Non-commodity economies based on solidarity and mutual aid, mutual care networks, pirate libraries and free spaces for sharing learning materials, re-framing the ways in which we relate to others in our daily life...
Nothing of what I said is new. Actually, I am of the oppinion that no one "says" anything new, we are just specific moments in a greater shared discourse. Classic anarchism had already talked much about how the "unavoidable authority of society" shapes us and how we shape others by the mere act of participating in social exchange. That's also a discussion on material liberty and positive freedom, in opposition to burgeoise conceptions of "negative freedom". Malatesta talked about how our individual bolitions are shaped by our material environments in his introductory text "At the Café".
Capitalist relations set what is knowledge and what is not, which interpretations of the world are valid and which are not. And, even when we create alt spaces where to "prefigurate" new relations to ourselves and our surroundings, these spaces would still be placed in a greater capitalist context. That is a limitation to the degree of autonomous organization that can be achieved inside of our spaces, and that's a paramount contradiction that we are forced to manage in our daily struggle. The inner organization of our spaces being limited by capital and contextualized into a capitalist economy, also our schemes of knowledge and the means by which we relate to ourselves and our world remain utterly rooted in relations of domination, hierarchy and authority.
This brings to the necessity of constantly destroying and re-creating our spaces and ourselves, in accordance to the urges of our time. I am skeptic of organizations that remain the same for decades without being rebuilt nor assuming inner transformations. For example, for most spaces, it is impossible to survive without accepting, at least circunstamcially, to use money to acquire materials and supplies. But these spaces and organizations should remain cautious in order not to internalize too much the rolle of money and conceiving it as essential. It is not, and that's how we begin reifying capitalist relations inside our very organizations. We must be conscious about how the ways in which we organize ourselves influence the ways in which we see and think. By transforming our material contexts, we will also be transforming our understanding of the world.
I read some anarchonihilists online saying that also in an anarchist world would be revolutions. And that is true. It *needs* to be true. Anarchism is not a goal, but a means. Or better, it is a means that is also a goal, a process of perpetuate destruction of the old and re-construction of the new in accordance to ourselves. The world will never stop shaping us, but it is in our hands whether to be pasive objects or active subjects in this process.
#epistemology #organization #anarchism #AnarchistOrganizing #ideology #anarchonihilism #liberty #freedom #reification #authority #antiauthority
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CW: Defining ideology // The ideological construction of technology
Thinking about technology and ideology.
I honestly think that an alarming number of authors that are frequented in 'marxists' circles, such as Zizek, maintain a misleading conception about what "ideology" is, probably as a heirloom from freudianism and psychoanalysis. Their definition of ideology is much like "a way of thinking", or "a prescription over our forms of desire". And, indeed, ideology is a moulding force over our volition and idiosyncrasy, but it's much more subtle that a "mind-control-like thing". Ideology is the way in which the world is presented to us.
You are not "indoctrinated into an ideology", and, being fair, there is no such a thing as a single coherent ideology. Instead, you are presented "ideological representations" of reality in the form of reified social relations. The commodity is an ideological object that we introduce in our daily lives. Gender is an ideological object securing the social reproduction of labour forces, capital and authority. The point is: social relations, power, modes of production... are all interwoven when it comes to our verily cognitive recognition of the world. We learn as long as we live, we live in the social world, the social world is mediated by ideological objects; therefore, we learn how to interpret the world through ideological representations. Also our conceptions about what "nature" and "objectivity" is are formulated upon an ideological basis.
Now let's transfer this thought to the interpretation of the modes of production under capitalism.
When studying the rise of capitalism, we often read that this new mode of production won over the Ancien Régime because of its "superior productivity" and "eficiency". This isn't accurate. "Eficiency" is a highly ideological category to evaluate a mode of production. Eficient for whom? Even "productivity" is not as objective as it may seem. Reading André Gorz, I found that, at the begining, there was not such as thing like a "higher production" of the manufacture over traditional craftmanship. What was really determinant for the success of manufactures was that the concentration of the work force allowed for a higher level of control and, therefore, higher levels of exploitation. That is to say, the history of manufacture and the factory is a history of the evolution of control over the worker. The higher "eficiency" of capitalism was the eficiency to maximize capital accumulation.
Since then, our technological innovation in the terrain of production has been developed under the conditions of capitalist exploitation. The higher levels of production are not a sign of the superior capacity of capitalism to generate new products and higher numbers of commodities; on the contrary, it is a sign of how capitalism colonized human creativity and innovation and forced us to imagine new technologies of production that need human submission to function. As Marx analyzed in his "Capital", the worker who loses knowledge over the production process is alienated and, instead of being a living user of its means of production, becomes themself into a dead compound of a great machine. The scientific knowledge of the process of production turns itself against the worker and serves as tool for the despotic authority of the capital.
We often think about technology and science as "neutral" and inoffensive by themselves, but this is an ideological representation. Yes, indeed, "technology" and "science" as abstract identities, understood the former as the ideation of tools and processes, and the former as the achievement of "true knowledge" of the world, are not a "capitalist" thing my themselves. BUT technology and science do not exist in a social vacuum, in reality they get realized under the social relations of capitalism and mediated by ideological forms and objects, thus, the products of "technological and scientific innovation" conform themselves to ideological forms, specially when it comes to their implementation to the production process.
Calm down, this post is not a "technology bad, return to monke" thing, all the contrary. What I want to express is that the valorative categories that we use in order to appraise the mode of production are moulded by capitalist representations of reality and, more important, that technological innovation under capitalism obeys to such a representation of reality. Capitalism "productive superiority" is a myth if we understand "productivity" as a measure for the fulfillment of our necessities. The only productive superiority of capitalism stands when it comes to the production of "commodities" as a social relation, which are an ideological representation of the economic production and is founded over the possibility of a market economy.
That's why an "intermediate state capitalism economy before the achievement of communism" like the one defended by many marxists is impossible, as they defend this intermediate stage as a method to the "development of the means of production". Such a development of the means of production would be an illusion, as the means or production that you will be developing would be the capitalist ones: the ones that maximize the reproduction of capital and capital accumulation. You would be appraising "eficiency" and "productivity" with the same measures as the capitalist, insofar as you conceive technology and technological innovation as a neutral thing.
The truth is that, under the conditions of an emancipated society, with an economy of free communities following their self-fulfillment, technology and the means of production would evolve following very different criteria. A specific technology that is "efficient" under certain material conditions may not be efficient when it is transferred to a different social context. The tecnology that is "efficient" under capitalism won't be efficient in communism.
I consider this as an argument against stage/transition authoritarian communism. We should strive for the anarchist prefiguration, here and now, of the society that we want to live in in the future. Only by following this project can we discover which technologies will be functional to our autonomy and our relation to the world.
#Ideology #Technology #Productivity #Communism #Efficiency #Productivism #Scarcity #Post-Scarcity #Anarchism #Alienation #Prefiguration #Marxism #Reification #State #AntiState #AntiStatism
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CW: Defining ideology // The ideological construction of technology
Thinking about technology and ideology.
I honestly think that an alarming number of authors that are frequented in 'marxists' circles, such as Zizek, maintain a misleading conception about what "ideology" is, probably as a heirloom from freudianism and psychoanalysis. Their definition of ideology is much like "a way of thinking", or "a prescription over our forms of desire". And, indeed, ideology is a moulding force over our volition and idiosyncrasy, but it's much more subtle that a "mind-control-like thing". Ideology is the way in which the world is presented to us.
You are not "indoctrinated into an ideology", and, being fair, there is no such a thing as a single coherent ideology. Instead, you are presented "ideological representations" of reality in the form of reified social relations. The commodity is an ideological object that we introduce in our daily lives. Gender is an ideological object securing the social reproduction of labour forces, capital and authority. The point is: social relations, power, modes of production... are all interwoven when it comes to our verily cognitive recognition of the world. We learn as long as we live, we live in the social world, the social world is mediated by ideological objects; therefore, we learn how to interpret the world through ideological representations. Also our conceptions about what "nature" and "objectivity" is are formulated upon an ideological basis.
Now let's transfer this thought to the interpretation of the modes of production under capitalism.
When studying the rise of capitalism, we often read that this new mode of production won over the Ancien Régime because of its "superior productivity" and "eficiency". This isn't accurate. "Eficiency" is a highly ideological category to evaluate a mode of production. Eficient for whom? Even "productivity" is not as objective as it may seem. Reading André Gorz, I found that, at the begining, there was not such as thing like a "higher production" of the manufacture over traditional craftmanship. What was really determinant for the success of manufactures was that the concentration of the work force allowed for a higher level of control and, therefore, higher levels of exploitation. That is to say, the history of manufacture and the factory is a history of the evolution of control over the worker. The higher "eficiency" of capitalism was the eficiency to maximize capital accumulation.
Since then, our technological innovation in the terrain of production has been developed under the conditions of capitalist exploitation. The higher levels of production are not a sign of the superior capacity of capitalism to generate new products and higher numbers of commodities; on the contrary, it is a sign of how capitalism colonized human creativity and innovation and forced us to imagine new technologies of production that need human submission to function. As Marx analyzed in his "Capital", the worker who loses knowledge over the production process is alienated and, instead of being a living user of its means of production, becomes themself into a dead compound of a great machine. The scientific knowledge of the process of production turns itself against the worker and serves as tool for the despotic authority of the capital.
We often think about technology and science as "neutral" and inoffensive by themselves, but this is an ideological representation. Yes, indeed, "technology" and "science" as abstract identities, understood the former as the ideation of tools and processes, and the former as the achievement of "true knowledge" of the world, are not a "capitalist" thing my themselves. BUT technology and science do not exist in a social vacuum, in reality they get realized under the social relations of capitalism and mediated by ideological forms and objects, thus, the products of "technological and scientific innovation" conform themselves to ideological forms, specially when it comes to their implementation to the production process.
Calm down, this post is not a "technology bad, return to monke" thing, all the contrary. What I want to express is that the valorative categories that we use in order to appraise the mode of production are moulded by capitalist representations of reality and, more important, that technological innovation under capitalism obeys to such a representation of reality. Capitalism "productive superiority" is a myth if we understand "productivity" as a measure for the fulfillment of our necessities. The only productive superiority of capitalism stands when it comes to the production of "commodities" as a social relation, which are an ideological representation of the economic production and is founded over the possibility of a market economy.
That's why an "intermediate state capitalism economy before the achievement of communism" like the one defended by many marxists is impossible, as they defend this intermediate stage as a method to the "development of the means of production". Such a development of the means of production would be an illusion, as the means or production that you will be developing would be the capitalist ones: the ones that maximize the reproduction of capital and capital accumulation. You would be appraising "eficiency" and "productivity" with the same measures as the capitalist, insofar as you conceive technology and technological innovation as a neutral thing.
The truth is that, under the conditions of an emancipated society, with an economy of free communities following their self-fulfillment, technology and the means of production would evolve following very different criteria. A specific technology that is "efficient" under certain material conditions may not be efficient when it is transferred to a different social context. The tecnology that is "efficient" under capitalism won't be efficient in communism.
I consider this as an argument against stage/transition authoritarian communism. We should strive for the anarchist prefiguration, here and now, of the society that we want to live in in the future. Only by following this project can we discover which technologies will be functional to our autonomy and our relation to the world.
#Ideology #Technology #Productivity #Communism #Efficiency #Productivism #Scarcity #Post-Scarcity #Anarchism #Alienation #Prefiguration #Marxism #Reification #State #AntiState #AntiStatism