#greenrevolution — Public Fediverse posts

you know what would be really interesting? a comparative history showing how and when different countries "modernized"/"industrialized"/"green revolutioned" their agricultural systems.

as i'm researching more about rice for my WIP industrial ag mega-zine, i'm coming across articles like "US funds irrigation dams in Sudan", or "world bank lending $9.5mn to help senegal raise peanut and millet output", or "philippines has changed agricultural policy to emphasize modernization" (the elements of that policy were surprisingly similar to the policy adopted by india in the mid-60s - the "new agricultural strategy", which prioritized the "modernization package" of price supports for farmers, increased $ for irrigation, increased fertilizer use, increased use of high-yielding seeds, etc.)

the west (in the form of the US gov, world bank, and private foundations like rockefeller and ford) were pushing developing countries in the "free world" to adopt these policies. but i would be really interested to know just how many countries were targeted with this package, and how "modernization" did or didn't happen in each country.

also, the communist countries pursued different trajectories in agricultural modernization. they also used agricultural policy and various 5 year plans etc., to pursue a similar track *technologically*, but not with the same investment vehicles (world bank loans, etc.). i'm sure there were many other distinct features of their paths, but i don't even know what they are.

i just find myself wishing for a comparative history that looked at many, many countries and the timeline of if/how/when they modernized. and of course, how much the west was involved in pushing them to modernize, and when.

there was clearly a package program that the west was pushing, but were they pushing it to all these different countries at the same time, or did they do a handful of countries and then decide "oh this is going to go be our package"? did some countries get it harder based on geopolitical interests? (i'm sure this is true - but which countries? how did this change over time?)

if anyone knows of books like this, feel free to share.

#research #agriculture #AgriculturalHistory #GreenRevolution #industrialization #modernization #history #ComparativeHistory #WIP

updates on my WIP industrial ag mega-zine:

i've made good progress on the green revolution materials. i completed a spread about how the US began linking food aid to india to increased fertilizer use targets in 1965, and how they conditioned the release of food aid to india agreeing to allow foreign-owned fertilizer plants in their country (a really important story that i wanted to get right).

i also finished a spread featuring the triumphal story of the beginning of the green rev. and another spread about the creation of the green revolution myth and the importance of "The Image" to the green revolution and other stories of agricultural modernization. the stuff about "The Image" is central to the whole project and i hope that the spread is appealing enough visually to encourage people to read it, because it's kind of a complicated subject.

i haven't decided yet whether i want to do a whole spread that sort of goes through "myth vs more complicated reality" of every part of the green revolution legend (was there famine in india? was indian agriculture 'hopelessly mired in the past'? did the new seeds solve famine? was the green revolution foisted on developing countries? etc.). ideally that would be included, because the completed pages only hint at the fact that the legend wasn't the whole story. but i will go back and do that later because i want to move on. i've spent so much time just trying to understand the story of the green rev, going through loads of source materials, and picking out the texts and images i wanted to use. i want to move to something else.

the next topic is RICE. rice and wheat were the two main green revolution crops, and the development of the green revolution varieties of rice and wheat are both fascinating. i don't know if i'll do a whole spread about wheat, but i definitely want to do a spread about rice because there's crazy stuff about the philippines and marcos, and crazy stuff about the US promoting the green revolution rice variety in vietnam during the vietnam war. which is so crazy to me...it's really doing a number on my head... on the one hand, it's a classic example of western liberalism: "we bomb you with one hand, and offer 'help' with the other." on the other hand, i'm sure that the scientists and other agricultural workers who were trying to help vietnamese villagers grow better rice in the middle of a warzone thought they were doing something good and helpful (and maybe they were...i don't know...).... a lot of the stories i've read so far are like "look at these brave people trying to do agricultural outreach during a war!" and in my mind i'm going "yea, it's YOUR country that's doing the war too, so wtf." oh, and eventually the viet cong got a hold of the new rice variety and grew plenty of it and it supported their efforts, so yea, it was a huge mess.

finally, i don't know if this will make it into the magazine, but i just read a story from the jan. 9, 1967 issue of "foreign agriculture" about malaysia's agricultural efforts. they wanted to diversify their crops, get some higher yielding varieties of rubber, and they also wanted to get in on the new varieties of rice. but their people didn't like the new varieties of rice, so the government wanted to encourage doing 2 plantings a year of the new variety, export that, and use the money to import the rice varieties that their people liked (which presumably, was already growing in malaysia). so there ya have it - that's economic progress and efficiency apparently...

here's the issue if you want to read it yourself: https://archive.org/details/CAT10252662185/page/6/mode/2up

the malaysia topic also starts to get at something that i think is super important but that i'm not sure will make it into the final magazine: the fact that agricultural "modernization" or the green revolution or the industrialization of agriculture did not happen the same way in any two countries, and didn't even happen the same way across different regions of a large country like india. every country's history was different...different ways that land was distributed...different kinds of crops that lent themselves to different kinds of processes...a lot of the tropical crops didn't have as much research done on them as the crops of colder places because the colder places had more $ to invest in agricultural research on crops that were of economic importance in their countries... post-colonial land reforms had varying degrees of success...large-scale irrigation and road networks varied... the attitudes of every country's government varied toward agricultural "modernization" at different times in each country's history... and of course there was a huge split between the communist sphere and the western sphere - china and russia took totally different paths toward agricultural "modernization" than the countries that the US was trying to influence, like mexico and india.

#agriculture #AgriculturalHistory #rice #food #history #research #WIP #GreenRevolution #india

updates on my WIP industrial ag mega-zine:

i've made good progress on the green revolution materials. i completed a spread about how the US began linking food aid to india to increased fertilizer use targets in 1965, and how they conditioned the release of food aid to india agreeing to allow foreign-owned fertilizer plants in their country (a really important story that i wanted to get right).

i also finished a spread featuring the triumphal story of the beginning of the green rev. and another spread about the creation of the green revolution myth and the importance of "The Image" to the green revolution and other stories of agricultural modernization. the stuff about "The Image" is central to the whole project and i hope that the spread is appealing enough visually to encourage people to read it, because it's kind of a complicated subject.

i haven't decided yet whether i want to do a whole spread that sort of goes through "myth vs more complicated reality" of every part of the green revolution legend (was there famine in india? was indian agriculture 'hopelessly mired in the past'? did the new seeds solve famine? was the green revolution foisted on developing countries? etc.). ideally that would be included, because the completed pages only hint at the fact that the legend wasn't the whole story. but i will go back and do that later because i want to move on. i've spent so much time just trying to understand the story of the green rev, going through loads of source materials, and picking out the texts and images i wanted to use. i want to move to something else.

the next topic is RICE. rice and wheat were the two main green revolution crops, and the development of the green revolution varieties of rice and wheat are both fascinating. i don't know if i'll do a whole spread about wheat, but i definitely want to do a spread about rice because there's crazy stuff about the philippines and marcos, and crazy stuff about the US promoting the green revolution rice variety in vietnam during the vietnam war. which is so crazy to me...it's really doing a number on my head... on the one hand, it's a classic example of western liberalism: "we bomb you with one hand, and offer 'help' with the other." on the other hand, i'm sure that the scientists and other agricultural workers who were trying to help vietnamese villagers grow better rice in the middle of a warzone thought they were doing something good and helpful (and maybe they were...i don't know...).... a lot of the stories i've read so far are like "look at these brave people trying to do agricultural outreach during a war!" and in my mind i'm going "yea, it's YOUR country that's doing the war too, so wtf." oh, and eventually the viet cong got a hold of the new rice variety and grew plenty of it and it supported their efforts, so yea, it was a huge mess.

finally, i don't know if this will make it into the magazine, but i just read a story from the jan. 9, 1967 issue of "foreign agriculture" about malaysia's agricultural efforts. they wanted to diversify their crops, get some higher yielding varieties of rubber, and they also wanted to get in on the new varieties of rice. but their people didn't like the new varieties of rice, so the government wanted to encourage doing 2 plantings a year of the new variety, export that, and use the money to import the rice varieties that their people liked (which presumably, was already growing in malaysia). so there ya have it - that's economic progress and efficiency apparently...

here's the issue if you want to read it yourself: https://archive.org/details/CAT10252662185/page/6/mode/2up

the malaysia topic also starts to get at something that i think is super important but that i'm not sure will make it into the final magazine: the fact that agricultural "modernization" or the green revolution or the industrialization of agriculture did not happen the same way in any two countries, and didn't even happen the same way across different regions of a large country like india. every country's history was different...different ways that land was distributed...different kinds of crops that lent themselves to different kinds of processes...a lot of the tropical crops didn't have as much research done on them as the crops of colder places because the colder places had more $ to invest in agricultural research on crops that were of economic importance in their countries... post-colonial land reforms had varying degrees of success...large-scale irrigation and road networks varied... the attitudes of every country's government varied toward agricultural "modernization" at different times in each country's history... and of course there was a huge split between the communist sphere and the western sphere - china and russia took totally different paths toward agricultural "modernization" than the countries that the US was trying to influence, like mexico and india.

#agriculture #AgriculturalHistory #rice #food #history #research #WIP #GreenRevolution #india

updates on my WIP industrial ag mega-zine:

i've made good progress on the green revolution materials. i completed a spread about how the US began linking food aid to india to increased fertilizer use targets in 1965, and how they conditioned the release of food aid to india agreeing to allow foreign-owned fertilizer plants in their country (a really important story that i wanted to get right).

i also finished a spread featuring the triumphal story of the beginning of the green rev. and another spread about the creation of the green revolution myth and the importance of "The Image" to the green revolution and other stories of agricultural modernization. the stuff about "The Image" is central to the whole project and i hope that the spread is appealing enough visually to encourage people to read it, because it's kind of a complicated subject.

i haven't decided yet whether i want to do a whole spread that sort of goes through "myth vs more complicated reality" of every part of the green revolution legend (was there famine in india? was indian agriculture 'hopelessly mired in the past'? did the new seeds solve famine? was the green revolution foisted on developing countries? etc.). ideally that would be included, because the completed pages only hint at the fact that the legend wasn't the whole story. but i will go back and do that later because i want to move on. i've spent so much time just trying to understand the story of the green rev, going through loads of source materials, and picking out the texts and images i wanted to use. i want to move to something else.

the next topic is RICE. rice and wheat were the two main green revolution crops, and the development of the green revolution varieties of rice and wheat are both fascinating. i don't know if i'll do a whole spread about wheat, but i definitely want to do a spread about rice because there's crazy stuff about the philippines and marcos, and crazy stuff about the US promoting the green revolution rice variety in vietnam during the vietnam war. which is so crazy to me...it's really doing a number on my head... on the one hand, it's a classic example of western liberalism: "we bomb you with one hand, and offer 'help' with the other." on the other hand, i'm sure that the scientists and other agricultural workers who were trying to help vietnamese villagers grow better rice in the middle of a warzone thought they were doing something good and helpful (and maybe they were...i don't know...).... a lot of the stories i've read so far are like "look at these brave people trying to do agricultural outreach during a war!" and in my mind i'm going "yea, it's YOUR country that's doing the war too, so wtf." oh, and eventually the viet cong got a hold of the new rice variety and grew plenty of it and it supported their efforts, so yea, it was a huge mess.

finally, i don't know if this will make it into the magazine, but i just read a story from the jan. 9, 1967 issue of "foreign agriculture" about malaysia's agricultural efforts. they wanted to diversify their crops, get some higher yielding varieties of rubber, and they also wanted to get in on the new varieties of rice. but their people didn't like the new varieties of rice, so the government wanted to encourage doing 2 plantings a year of the new variety, export that, and use the money to import the rice varieties that their people liked (which presumably, was already growing in malaysia). so there ya have it - that's economic progress and efficiency apparently...

here's the issue if you want to read it yourself: https://archive.org/details/CAT10252662185/page/6/mode/2up

the malaysia topic also starts to get at something that i think is super important but that i'm not sure will make it into the final magazine: the fact that agricultural "modernization" or the green revolution or the industrialization of agriculture did not happen the same way in any two countries, and didn't even happen the same way across different regions of a large country like india. every country's history was different...different ways that land was distributed...different kinds of crops that lent themselves to different kinds of processes...a lot of the tropical crops didn't have as much research done on them as the crops of colder places because the colder places had more $ to invest in agricultural research on crops that were of economic importance in their countries... post-colonial land reforms had varying degrees of success...large-scale irrigation and road networks varied... the attitudes of every country's government varied toward agricultural "modernization" at different times in each country's history... and of course there was a huge split between the communist sphere and the western sphere - china and russia took totally different paths toward agricultural "modernization" than the countries that the US was trying to influence, like mexico and india.

#agriculture #AgriculturalHistory #rice #food #history #research #WIP #GreenRevolution #india

updates on my WIP industrial ag mega-zine:

i've made good progress on the green revolution materials. i completed a spread about how the US began linking food aid to india to increased fertilizer use targets in 1965, and how they conditioned the release of food aid to india agreeing to allow foreign-owned fertilizer plants in their country (a really important story that i wanted to get right).

i also finished a spread featuring the triumphal story of the beginning of the green rev. and another spread about the creation of the green revolution myth and the importance of "The Image" to the green revolution and other stories of agricultural modernization. the stuff about "The Image" is central to the whole project and i hope that the spread is appealing enough visually to encourage people to read it, because it's kind of a complicated subject.

i haven't decided yet whether i want to do a whole spread that sort of goes through "myth vs more complicated reality" of every part of the green revolution legend (was there famine in india? was indian agriculture 'hopelessly mired in the past'? did the new seeds solve famine? was the green revolution foisted on developing countries? etc.). ideally that would be included, because the completed pages only hint at the fact that the legend wasn't the whole story. but i will go back and do that later because i want to move on. i've spent so much time just trying to understand the story of the green rev, going through loads of source materials, and picking out the texts and images i wanted to use. i want to move to something else.

the next topic is RICE. rice and wheat were the two main green revolution crops, and the development of the green revolution varieties of rice and wheat are both fascinating. i don't know if i'll do a whole spread about wheat, but i definitely want to do a spread about rice because there's crazy stuff about the philippines and marcos, and crazy stuff about the US promoting the green revolution rice variety in vietnam during the vietnam war. which is so crazy to me...it's really doing a number on my head... on the one hand, it's a classic example of western liberalism: "we bomb you with one hand, and offer 'help' with the other." on the other hand, i'm sure that the scientists and other agricultural workers who were trying to help vietnamese villagers grow better rice in the middle of a warzone thought they were doing something good and helpful (and maybe they were...i don't know...).... a lot of the stories i've read so far are like "look at these brave people trying to do agricultural outreach during a war!" and in my mind i'm going "yea, it's YOUR country that's doing the war too, so wtf." oh, and eventually the viet cong got a hold of the new rice variety and grew plenty of it and it supported their efforts, so yea, it was a huge mess.

finally, i don't know if this will make it into the magazine, but i just read a story from the jan. 9, 1967 issue of "foreign agriculture" about malaysia's agricultural efforts. they wanted to diversify their crops, get some higher yielding varieties of rubber, and they also wanted to get in on the new varieties of rice. but their people didn't like the new varieties of rice, so the government wanted to encourage doing 2 plantings a year of the new variety, export that, and use the money to import the rice varieties that their people liked (which presumably, was already growing in malaysia). so there ya have it - that's economic progress and efficiency apparently...

here's the issue if you want to read it yourself: https://archive.org/details/CAT10252662185/page/6/mode/2up

the malaysia topic also starts to get at something that i think is super important but that i'm not sure will make it into the final magazine: the fact that agricultural "modernization" or the green revolution or the industrialization of agriculture did not happen the same way in any two countries, and didn't even happen the same way across different regions of a large country like india. every country's history was different...different ways that land was distributed...different kinds of crops that lent themselves to different kinds of processes...a lot of the tropical crops didn't have as much research done on them as the crops of colder places because the colder places had more $ to invest in agricultural research on crops that were of economic importance in their countries... post-colonial land reforms had varying degrees of success...large-scale irrigation and road networks varied... the attitudes of every country's government varied toward agricultural "modernization" at different times in each country's history... and of course there was a huge split between the communist sphere and the western sphere - china and russia took totally different paths toward agricultural "modernization" than the countries that the US was trying to influence, like mexico and india.

#agriculture #AgriculturalHistory #rice #food #history #research #WIP #GreenRevolution #india

updates on my WIP industrial ag mega-zine:

i've made good progress on the green revolution materials. i completed a spread about how the US began linking food aid to india to increased fertilizer use targets in 1965, and how they conditioned the release of food aid to india agreeing to allow foreign-owned fertilizer plants in their country (a really important story that i wanted to get right).

i also finished a spread featuring the triumphal story of the beginning of the green rev. and another spread about the creation of the green revolution myth and the importance of "The Image" to the green revolution and other stories of agricultural modernization. the stuff about "The Image" is central to the whole project and i hope that the spread is appealing enough visually to encourage people to read it, because it's kind of a complicated subject.

i haven't decided yet whether i want to do a whole spread that sort of goes through "myth vs more complicated reality" of every part of the green revolution legend (was there famine in india? was indian agriculture 'hopelessly mired in the past'? did the new seeds solve famine? was the green revolution foisted on developing countries? etc.). ideally that would be included, because the completed pages only hint at the fact that the legend wasn't the whole story. but i will go back and do that later because i want to move on. i've spent so much time just trying to understand the story of the green rev, going through loads of source materials, and picking out the texts and images i wanted to use. i want to move to something else.

the next topic is RICE. rice and wheat were the two main green revolution crops, and the development of the green revolution varieties of rice and wheat are both fascinating. i don't know if i'll do a whole spread about wheat, but i definitely want to do a spread about rice because there's crazy stuff about the philippines and marcos, and crazy stuff about the US promoting the green revolution rice variety in vietnam during the vietnam war. which is so crazy to me...it's really doing a number on my head... on the one hand, it's a classic example of western liberalism: "we bomb you with one hand, and offer 'help' with the other." on the other hand, i'm sure that the scientists and other agricultural workers who were trying to help vietnamese villagers grow better rice in the middle of a warzone thought they were doing something good and helpful (and maybe they were...i don't know...).... a lot of the stories i've read so far are like "look at these brave people trying to do agricultural outreach during a war!" and in my mind i'm going "yea, it's YOUR country that's doing the war too, so wtf." oh, and eventually the viet cong got a hold of the new rice variety and grew plenty of it and it supported their efforts, so yea, it was a huge mess.

finally, i don't know if this will make it into the magazine, but i just read a story from the jan. 9, 1967 issue of "foreign agriculture" about malaysia's agricultural efforts. they wanted to diversify their crops, get some higher yielding varieties of rubber, and they also wanted to get in on the new varieties of rice. but their people didn't like the new varieties of rice, so the government wanted to encourage doing 2 plantings a year of the new variety, export that, and use the money to import the rice varieties that their people liked (which presumably, was already growing in malaysia). so there ya have it - that's economic progress and efficiency apparently...

here's the issue if you want to read it yourself: https://archive.org/details/CAT10252662185/page/6/mode/2up

the malaysia topic also starts to get at something that i think is super important but that i'm not sure will make it into the final magazine: the fact that agricultural "modernization" or the green revolution or the industrialization of agriculture did not happen the same way in any two countries, and didn't even happen the same way across different regions of a large country like india. every country's history was different...different ways that land was distributed...different kinds of crops that lent themselves to different kinds of processes...a lot of the tropical crops didn't have as much research done on them as the crops of colder places because the colder places had more $ to invest in agricultural research on crops that were of economic importance in their countries... post-colonial land reforms had varying degrees of success...large-scale irrigation and road networks varied... the attitudes of every country's government varied toward agricultural "modernization" at different times in each country's history... and of course there was a huge split between the communist sphere and the western sphere - china and russia took totally different paths toward agricultural "modernization" than the countries that the US was trying to influence, like mexico and india.

#agriculture #AgriculturalHistory #rice #food #history #research #WIP #GreenRevolution #india

update on my WIP mega-zine about industrial ag:

i think i've had a good breakthrough in my research on the green revolution.

the book is called "Geopolitics and the Green Revolution: Wheat, Genes, and the Cold War" by john h. perkins.

he covers the scientific development of the dwarf varieties of wheat in USA, mexico, UK, and india; and the spread of these varieties that is commonly referred to as the green revolution.

he writes: "Between 1945 and 1955 a series of events, studies, and conceptual syntheses created a climate in the United States that saw plant breeding and all of the modern agricultural sciences as a critically important adjunct in the battle between capitalist freedom and the tyranny of communism."

he spells out the theory that they were operating under: "The American intellectual and political climate from 1945 to 1955 was critically shaped by the development of the cold war, a part of which included a theory that purported to link causally overpopulation, resource exhaustion, hunger, political instability, communist insurrection, and danger to vital American interests. As a convenient shorthand, the theory can be called the population-national security theory (PNST)." 🤯

i read that and i was like "yesssssss this is it".

he even made a nice little graphic (see below).

i've been reading a lot of primary sources, and PNST thinking was in a lot of them, but having a historian lay it out so clearly and succinctly is soooo helpful.

additionally, i found the full text of a speech by allen dulles (head of the CIA at the time) on "the communist challenge to free government." it's a rich example of the kind of paranoid thinking that was happening at the top of the US political structure at the time. in the speech, he asserts that communists are everywhere, trying to turn the various recently-decolonized peoples toward communism...soviets put out propaganda on the radio, via printed materials, and *secretly* via various unions and international associations, and via the world peace council.

he writes that communism is (of course) not very enticing to those of us in the free world, because of our material plenty and our forefathers' commitment to liberty or whatever. BUT, to a subject of a newly-decolonized nation, who is hungry and desperately trying to catch up to the modern world, communism is very appealing (supposedly). 🙄

the whole speech really helped me get inside the thinking that i think perkins would describe as PNST. i don't know if any quotes from the dulles speech will make it into the zine (if i have room, hopefully!), but it's still a really helpful primary source (i like a good primary source).

if you want to read the text of the dulles speech, it's available here: archive.org/details/cia-readingroom-document-cia-rdp62s00545a000100090040-3

as a bonus, i've included the cover of a publication called "man, land, and food", from USDA in 1963. yes, it shows a rough graphic of a naked black person holding up an empty bowl, with a graphic of the globe behind them. so yea, that's where these guys were at. they saw the recently decolonized peoples as a sort of undifferentiated mass of hungry mouths. extremely dehumanizing.

#USHistory #research #GreenRevolution #agriculture #ColdWar #AgriculturalScience #USPol #history #decolonization #wheat #wip

Breaking News – Minister Prathap: Minister bought a Tesla car.. What happened to the word 'Swadeshi'?
https://vaartha.com/minister-who-bought-a-tesla-car-what-happened-to-the-word-swadeshi/national/542220/
#PratapSarnaik #TeslaIndia #Swadeshi #TeslaModelY #ElectricVehicle #MaharashtraMinister #EVAdoption #GreenMobility #TeslaIndiaLaunch #SustainableTransport #BreakingNews #PoliticalControversy #VaarthaLive #TeluguNews #IndianPolitics #MakeInIndia #CleanEnergy #ElectricCars #GreenRevolution #EnvironmentFriendly

"Pride happened despite the ban. And the legalization of cannabis hasn't even begun. It seems that there is something that courage has already protected - and something that it still has to fight for." 🌈🌿🛑

🔥 Follow: https://msha.ke/stonerdaddy

#cannabis #pride2025 #freedomrights #420hungary #legalizationnow #pride #weedtruth #weedcrime #ganjalife #cannabiscommunity #wakeandbake #freeourplant #hungarianpolitics #legalizeit #realworld #greenrevolution #hypocracy #equality #stonerculture #stonerdaddy

le lyssenkisme, qui, dans l’Union soviétique de #Staline, entraîna le bannissement de la génétique au nom de l’idéologie #communiste
[...]
Sur #Lyssenko, il y a peu d’archives.
[...]
#TrofimLyssenko est à part. C’est un #agronome de base qui, grâce à #Staline, arrive à dominer la biologie en #UnionSoviétique et à faire interdire la génétique jugée "bourgeoise"

[F]. Conclusions

The work of #Lukianenko and certain other grain breeders led to an explosion of research on HYVs in #Russia from the 1960s onward, as well as substantial genetics research and greatly improved education that began even before #Lysenko’s removal from power. These topics, however, lie outside the scope of this article. (109) This study of #Lukianenko challenges the prevailing view that #Lysenko held back Soviet genetics for a generation. While certainly during the heyday of #Lysenkoism, the #Soviet regime victimized many excellent #Soviet geneticists and wasted money and time on fraudulent Lysenkoists’ “research,” many other scientists conducted valid, substantial, and important work—particularly in the area of plant breeding. #Lukianenko was not the only agricultural scientist who did such research in these years, but his work had more national and international significance than that of any other #Soviet agricultural scientist in this period.

This work differed greatly from the conventional view of scientific research in the time of #Lysenko: #Lukianenko’s work began before #Lysenko’s rise and continued despite his dominance. #Lukianenko’s work relied substantially on plant varieties from outside the #USSR, in many cases brought into the #USSR through the work of #NikolaiVavilov. He also relied on conventional principles of genetics, including the guidelines for plant breeding published by #Vavilov, as well as some breeding theories and techniques from outside the #USSR. In particular he and his co-workers independently sought and achieved the same goals as the Italians around #Strampelli in the early 20th century and #Borlaug in the #GreenRevolution of the 1950s-1960s.

#Lukianenko’s work during #Lysenko’s time and afterwards produced several extremely important wheat varieties that had the same characteristics as the #GreenRevolution varieties created by #Borlaug. #Lukianenko’s Bezostaia-1, a semi-dwarf rust resistant HYV earned the highest praise from European and American breeders including #Borlaug as one of the best of the HYVs. This finding thus goes beyond even #Krementsov’s points about scientists’ evasion of #Lysenko. The work of #Lukianenko and his colleagues, more than simply continuing previous genetics-based work in plant breeding, achieved breakthroughs that put it at the forefront of world wheat breeding, both in their methods and their results. Because of the accomplishments of #Lukianenko and his co-workers in #Krasnodar, a post-Soviet Russian symposium on breeding of wheat and triticale commemorating #Lukianenko was entitled “The Green Revolution of P. P. Luk’ianenko.” (111) Thus despite #Lysenko, Soviet agronomists and #agriculture thus participated in the international #GreenRevolution under #Lysenko’s dominance as well as afterwards.