Search
7 results for “likewise”
-
It's likewise interesting and worrying, how many Open Source conferences have moved out of the U.S.
Interesting, because I can see new countries and meet new people. Worrying, because a lot of these places seem to have worse politics but less media coverage.
#opensource #conferences -
🚀 New #release · Huginn v2026.09.08
This security release fixes three issues:
• A Scenario description containing HTML could execute script in the browser of a user importing the Scenario, both in the import preview and after the import. Scenario icons were likewise stored without validation.
• Any authenticated user could read any file reada…Details, install & alternatives → https://selfhost.directory/project/huginn#update-15162124
-
# Joining him was the Price family, who had deeded the land for the meetinghouse. Though their farm had been laid waste they aimed to restore it, grateful at least that their fields had been spared from becoming a military graveyard. Five other families likewise chose to remain. Together, they covenanted to rebuild the house of prayer destroyed in the crossfire. Ariel said the Haivri family pledged to assist any of the brethren willing to relocate far from the threat of the burgeoning war, possibly even to the territories. Several families considered the migration, though liquidating their land and making the necessary preparations for such an overland journey would require considerable time. Furthermore, the seemingly boundless generosity of Ariel's kinfolk continued to engender suspicion among some who feared an underlying motive. Lange reminded them of the Apostle's injunction: “Be not forgetful to entertain strangers: for thereby some have entertained angels unawares.”
-
i seem to have forgotten to take the microUSB portion of my microUSB carkit UART cable with me. i could order a new microUSB plug and put it back together... but if i'm already ordering stuff, why not make the debug cable of my dreams?
the general idea:
- the cable can switch between two modes: USB passthrough and UART
- in USB passthrough, the microUSB connection goes directly from the host to the device (in this case, it also acts as an USB-C to microUSB converter)
- in UART mode, the host connects to an onboard UART chip, which in turn connects TX/RX to D+/D- on the cable, as per the carkit schematics (https://wiki.postmarketos.org/wiki/Serial_debugging/Cable_schematics#microUSB/Carkit_debug_cable). we also need to place a resistor between ID and GND; this is configurable between two common values - 150kOhm and 619kOhm - with a second onboard switch.
attached is my first naive attempt at creating this, using two TI TS3USB30E USB 2.0 multiplexers (one on the device side, one on the host side) and an onboard FTSI FT232R.
i have a few questions about this design:
- can this all be connected to one ground, or are there going to be problems? in passthrough mode microUSB GND needs to connect to host GND, in UART mode we need a gnd connection between the UART chip and the microUSB plug at least
- likewise, can VCC from the host/USB-C receptacle act as VCC for the whole board? (it has to...)
- the USB ICs do the D+/D- switching, but how do i cut the connection between GND and ID in passthrough (not UART) mode, and connect it when the UART mode switch is set to high? quick web search shows a bunch of different transistors or MOSFETS or other things and i'm not sure what any of that is about or which one applies in this case (ID and GND carry no voltage, the MUIC on the target device checks if ID pin is floating or pulled down with a specific resistance)
- is there a problem with using two multiplexers for this? i.e., is it possible that if one mux switches faster than the other, something is going to break?
- ...and, uh, is any of this even correctany thoughts? not really sure where to ask for help with this stuff, figured maybe fedi would know...
-
DATE: September 8, 2026 at 02:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Disrupting specific dopamine neurons in fruit flies erases long-term memories by ruining sleep
A study on common fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) found that disrupting the resting, or basal, activity of a small group of dopamine-producing (dopaminergic) neurons belonging to the protocerebral anterior medial cluster of their brains impairs 24-hour long-term memory formation. It also results in sleep loss and sleep fragmentation, particularly at night. The paper was published in eLife.
When an experience occurs, long-lasting memories of it are not stored in the brain instantly. Instead, newly formed memories initially remain fragile and undergo a process known as memory consolidation, during which neural connections are gradually reorganized and stabilized.
Sleep appears to play an especially important role in this process. Sleep deprivation can disrupt both memory formation and the stabilization of memories after learning. One possible explanation for this is that the brain reactivates patterns of neural activity during sleep, effectively replaying recent experiences and strengthening the circuits that represent them. Yet the precise mechanisms connecting sleep and memory consolidation remain far from fully understood.
Study author Lin Yan and colleagues conducted a study in which they aimed to identify the neural mechanism that connects sleep with long-term memory consolidation. They focused on the interaction between two groups of neurons in the brain – the protocerebral anterior medial dopaminergic neurons and the dorsal paired medial neurons. More specifically, these researchers explored how the disruption of basal activity of a small subset of neurons in the protocerebral anterior medial region of the brain of a fruit fly affects the formation of long-term memories.
The study was conducted on male and female fruit flies. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an important model for investigating various neural mechanisms because its relatively small brain contains well-defined neural circuits. A particularly important structure of the fruit fly brain is the mushroom body, a multifunctional unit roughly analogous to the mammalian hippocampus, which performs functions that are in some respects comparable to those of memory-related structures in the mammalian brain.
In these flies, dopamine-producing neurons communicate with different parts of the mushroom body and can influence whether experiences are learned as rewarding or unpleasant, how memories develop after learning, and whether they are later forgotten. Some of these same dopaminergic circuits also regulate wakefulness and sleep, raising the possibility that the neural systems controlling when a fruit fly sleeps are directly intertwined with those determining which memories survive.
Study authors conducted a series of experiments in which they used genetically modified fruit flies with modifications that allowed researchers to selectively activate or silence specific neurons, particularly protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) dopaminergic neurons and dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons. They used genetic variants that were sensitive to temperature. In one variant, raising the temperature to about 30 °C for 1 hour activated the targeted neurons. Another gene variant blocked their activity when the flies were kept at about 32 °C, generally for 2.5 hours.
They trained these flies to associate a specific odor with being given sucrose as a reward. Because this type of learning requires the flies to be motivated by hunger, they were starved prior to training. After the flies learned this association, during the period in which this memory should be consolidating, study authors activated or inhibited selected PAM and DPM neurons. Twenty-four hours later, their memory was tested by allowing them to choose between the odor that they were trained to associate with sucrose and another odor.
The results showed that disrupting the activity of a small subset of PAM dopaminergic neurons (called PAM-α1 neurons) could impair long-term memory consolidation. Brief activation of PAM-α1 neurons impaired long-term memory, while inhibition of some PAM-α1 populations also produced memory deficits. Inhibiting two DPM neurons during the consolidation period likewise impaired long-term memory. Additionally, the researchers identified that these sleep-memory integration signals are mediated primarily by a specific dopamine receptor, Dop1R1, expressed on the DPM neurons.
Study authors also examined how these disruptions affect the sleep of female fruit flies and found that they result in sleep loss and fragmentation, especially at night. Crucially, they found that this sleep disruption is highly dependent on the flies’ internal state; it predominantly occurred when the flies were subjected to starvation conditions. Interestingly, they found that if, after activating the PAM-α1 neurons in a way that causes sleep disruption, they gave these flies gaboxadol, a drug that promotes sleep, long-term memory consolidation would be restored. This finding supports the idea that the sleep disturbance contributed to the impairment of long-term memory consolidation.
The study results provide a new molecular and neural basis for the complex relationship between sleep and memory. However, the study was conducted on fruit flies, not on humans. While these flies and humans share some broad similarities in neural mechanisms, they are still widely different species. Results of a similar study on humans might be different.
The paper, “Brief disruption of activity in a subset of dopaminergic neurons during consolidation impairs long-term memory by fragmenting sleep,” was authored by Lin Yan, Litao Wu, Timothy D Wiggin, Xiaojuan Su, Wei Yan, Hailiang Li, Lei Li, Zhonghua Lu, Fang Guo, Zhiqiang Meng, Yuantao Li, Fan Li, Leslie C Griffith, and Chang Liu.
-------------------------------------------------
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #Drosophila #sleepandmemory #dopaminergicneurons #PAMalpha1 #DPMneurons #longtermmemory #sleepdeprivation #memoryconsolidation #neuroscience #eLife
-
DATE: September 8, 2026 at 02:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Disrupting specific dopamine neurons in fruit flies erases long-term memories by ruining sleep
A study on common fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) found that disrupting the resting, or basal, activity of a small group of dopamine-producing (dopaminergic) neurons belonging to the protocerebral anterior medial cluster of their brains impairs 24-hour long-term memory formation. It also results in sleep loss and sleep fragmentation, particularly at night. The paper was published in eLife.
When an experience occurs, long-lasting memories of it are not stored in the brain instantly. Instead, newly formed memories initially remain fragile and undergo a process known as memory consolidation, during which neural connections are gradually reorganized and stabilized.
Sleep appears to play an especially important role in this process. Sleep deprivation can disrupt both memory formation and the stabilization of memories after learning. One possible explanation for this is that the brain reactivates patterns of neural activity during sleep, effectively replaying recent experiences and strengthening the circuits that represent them. Yet the precise mechanisms connecting sleep and memory consolidation remain far from fully understood.
Study author Lin Yan and colleagues conducted a study in which they aimed to identify the neural mechanism that connects sleep with long-term memory consolidation. They focused on the interaction between two groups of neurons in the brain – the protocerebral anterior medial dopaminergic neurons and the dorsal paired medial neurons. More specifically, these researchers explored how the disruption of basal activity of a small subset of neurons in the protocerebral anterior medial region of the brain of a fruit fly affects the formation of long-term memories.
The study was conducted on male and female fruit flies. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an important model for investigating various neural mechanisms because its relatively small brain contains well-defined neural circuits. A particularly important structure of the fruit fly brain is the mushroom body, a multifunctional unit roughly analogous to the mammalian hippocampus, which performs functions that are in some respects comparable to those of memory-related structures in the mammalian brain.
In these flies, dopamine-producing neurons communicate with different parts of the mushroom body and can influence whether experiences are learned as rewarding or unpleasant, how memories develop after learning, and whether they are later forgotten. Some of these same dopaminergic circuits also regulate wakefulness and sleep, raising the possibility that the neural systems controlling when a fruit fly sleeps are directly intertwined with those determining which memories survive.
Study authors conducted a series of experiments in which they used genetically modified fruit flies with modifications that allowed researchers to selectively activate or silence specific neurons, particularly protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) dopaminergic neurons and dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons. They used genetic variants that were sensitive to temperature. In one variant, raising the temperature to about 30 °C for 1 hour activated the targeted neurons. Another gene variant blocked their activity when the flies were kept at about 32 °C, generally for 2.5 hours.
They trained these flies to associate a specific odor with being given sucrose as a reward. Because this type of learning requires the flies to be motivated by hunger, they were starved prior to training. After the flies learned this association, during the period in which this memory should be consolidating, study authors activated or inhibited selected PAM and DPM neurons. Twenty-four hours later, their memory was tested by allowing them to choose between the odor that they were trained to associate with sucrose and another odor.
The results showed that disrupting the activity of a small subset of PAM dopaminergic neurons (called PAM-α1 neurons) could impair long-term memory consolidation. Brief activation of PAM-α1 neurons impaired long-term memory, while inhibition of some PAM-α1 populations also produced memory deficits. Inhibiting two DPM neurons during the consolidation period likewise impaired long-term memory. Additionally, the researchers identified that these sleep-memory integration signals are mediated primarily by a specific dopamine receptor, Dop1R1, expressed on the DPM neurons.
Study authors also examined how these disruptions affect the sleep of female fruit flies and found that they result in sleep loss and fragmentation, especially at night. Crucially, they found that this sleep disruption is highly dependent on the flies’ internal state; it predominantly occurred when the flies were subjected to starvation conditions. Interestingly, they found that if, after activating the PAM-α1 neurons in a way that causes sleep disruption, they gave these flies gaboxadol, a drug that promotes sleep, long-term memory consolidation would be restored. This finding supports the idea that the sleep disturbance contributed to the impairment of long-term memory consolidation.
The study results provide a new molecular and neural basis for the complex relationship between sleep and memory. However, the study was conducted on fruit flies, not on humans. While these flies and humans share some broad similarities in neural mechanisms, they are still widely different species. Results of a similar study on humans might be different.
The paper, “Brief disruption of activity in a subset of dopaminergic neurons during consolidation impairs long-term memory by fragmenting sleep,” was authored by Lin Yan, Litao Wu, Timothy D Wiggin, Xiaojuan Su, Wei Yan, Hailiang Li, Lei Li, Zhonghua Lu, Fang Guo, Zhiqiang Meng, Yuantao Li, Fan Li, Leslie C Griffith, and Chang Liu.
-------------------------------------------------
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #Drosophila #sleepandmemory #dopaminergicneurons #PAMalpha1 #DPMneurons #longtermmemory #sleepdeprivation #memoryconsolidation #neuroscience #eLife
-
DATE: September 8, 2026 at 02:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Disrupting specific dopamine neurons in fruit flies erases long-term memories by ruining sleep
A study on common fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) found that disrupting the resting, or basal, activity of a small group of dopamine-producing (dopaminergic) neurons belonging to the protocerebral anterior medial cluster of their brains impairs 24-hour long-term memory formation. It also results in sleep loss and sleep fragmentation, particularly at night. The paper was published in eLife.
When an experience occurs, long-lasting memories of it are not stored in the brain instantly. Instead, newly formed memories initially remain fragile and undergo a process known as memory consolidation, during which neural connections are gradually reorganized and stabilized.
Sleep appears to play an especially important role in this process. Sleep deprivation can disrupt both memory formation and the stabilization of memories after learning. One possible explanation for this is that the brain reactivates patterns of neural activity during sleep, effectively replaying recent experiences and strengthening the circuits that represent them. Yet the precise mechanisms connecting sleep and memory consolidation remain far from fully understood.
Study author Lin Yan and colleagues conducted a study in which they aimed to identify the neural mechanism that connects sleep with long-term memory consolidation. They focused on the interaction between two groups of neurons in the brain – the protocerebral anterior medial dopaminergic neurons and the dorsal paired medial neurons. More specifically, these researchers explored how the disruption of basal activity of a small subset of neurons in the protocerebral anterior medial region of the brain of a fruit fly affects the formation of long-term memories.
The study was conducted on male and female fruit flies. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is an important model for investigating various neural mechanisms because its relatively small brain contains well-defined neural circuits. A particularly important structure of the fruit fly brain is the mushroom body, a multifunctional unit roughly analogous to the mammalian hippocampus, which performs functions that are in some respects comparable to those of memory-related structures in the mammalian brain.
In these flies, dopamine-producing neurons communicate with different parts of the mushroom body and can influence whether experiences are learned as rewarding or unpleasant, how memories develop after learning, and whether they are later forgotten. Some of these same dopaminergic circuits also regulate wakefulness and sleep, raising the possibility that the neural systems controlling when a fruit fly sleeps are directly intertwined with those determining which memories survive.
Study authors conducted a series of experiments in which they used genetically modified fruit flies with modifications that allowed researchers to selectively activate or silence specific neurons, particularly protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) dopaminergic neurons and dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons. They used genetic variants that were sensitive to temperature. In one variant, raising the temperature to about 30 °C for 1 hour activated the targeted neurons. Another gene variant blocked their activity when the flies were kept at about 32 °C, generally for 2.5 hours.
They trained these flies to associate a specific odor with being given sucrose as a reward. Because this type of learning requires the flies to be motivated by hunger, they were starved prior to training. After the flies learned this association, during the period in which this memory should be consolidating, study authors activated or inhibited selected PAM and DPM neurons. Twenty-four hours later, their memory was tested by allowing them to choose between the odor that they were trained to associate with sucrose and another odor.
The results showed that disrupting the activity of a small subset of PAM dopaminergic neurons (called PAM-α1 neurons) could impair long-term memory consolidation. Brief activation of PAM-α1 neurons impaired long-term memory, while inhibition of some PAM-α1 populations also produced memory deficits. Inhibiting two DPM neurons during the consolidation period likewise impaired long-term memory. Additionally, the researchers identified that these sleep-memory integration signals are mediated primarily by a specific dopamine receptor, Dop1R1, expressed on the DPM neurons.
Study authors also examined how these disruptions affect the sleep of female fruit flies and found that they result in sleep loss and fragmentation, especially at night. Crucially, they found that this sleep disruption is highly dependent on the flies’ internal state; it predominantly occurred when the flies were subjected to starvation conditions. Interestingly, they found that if, after activating the PAM-α1 neurons in a way that causes sleep disruption, they gave these flies gaboxadol, a drug that promotes sleep, long-term memory consolidation would be restored. This finding supports the idea that the sleep disturbance contributed to the impairment of long-term memory consolidation.
The study results provide a new molecular and neural basis for the complex relationship between sleep and memory. However, the study was conducted on fruit flies, not on humans. While these flies and humans share some broad similarities in neural mechanisms, they are still widely different species. Results of a similar study on humans might be different.
The paper, “Brief disruption of activity in a subset of dopaminergic neurons during consolidation impairs long-term memory by fragmenting sleep,” was authored by Lin Yan, Litao Wu, Timothy D Wiggin, Xiaojuan Su, Wei Yan, Hailiang Li, Lei Li, Zhonghua Lu, Fang Guo, Zhiqiang Meng, Yuantao Li, Fan Li, Leslie C Griffith, and Chang Liu.
-------------------------------------------------
Private, vetted email list for mental health professionals: https://www.clinicians-exchange.org
Unofficial Psychology Today Xitter to toot feed at Psych Today Unofficial Bot @PTUnofficialBot
-------------------------------------------------
#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #Drosophila #sleepandmemory #dopaminergicneurons #PAMalpha1 #DPMneurons #longtermmemory #sleepdeprivation #memoryconsolidation #neuroscience #eLife