#prosocialbehavior — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #prosocialbehavior, aggregated by home.social.
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DATE: August 21, 2026 at 11:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Oxytocin has opposite effects on men’s generosity depending on a their childhood experiences
Childhood experiences can leave a lasting imprint on a person’s willingness to help strangers, but a naturally occurring hormone called oxytocin might have the power to temporarily shift these tendencies. A recent study published in Translational Psychiatry suggests that a dose of oxytocin can increase altruistic donations in adults who experienced higher levels of childhood adversity, producing the opposite effect in those with fewer adverse early experiences. The findings provide evidence that early life events shape how the brain responds to social chemicals later in life.
Altruistic behavior involves choosing to help others even when it comes at a personal cost. Past research indicates that experiencing adversity during childhood, such as emotional neglect or physical abuse, is linked to lasting reductions in this type of generous behavior.
Seeking to uncover the biological factors behind this trend, scientists designed a new experiment. The research team was led by Nina Marsh, a researcher in the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at the Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg in Germany, and Vanessa Jeske, alongside colleagues from the University of Bonn and Georgetown University.
“What fascinates me about altruism is that helping another person—particularly a stranger at a personal cost—is anything but self-evident,” Marsh said. “Yet we see it across societies and throughout human history. Understanding what enables people to transcend immediate self-interest is therefore not only a question about social behavior, but also about something fundamental to human coexistence. It is precisely this complexity that makes the study of human altruistic behavior so fascinating to me.”
People who encounter severe early stressors often develop a heightened sensitivity to social threats, which can make it more difficult for them to form trusting bonds or engage in acts of generosity as adults.
“One question that has fascinated me is how our earliest life experiences shape our willingness to help others later in life,” Marsh noted. “Adverse childhood experiences are remarkably complex and can affect people in very different ways. While their links to mental health have been studied extensively, much less is known about how they relate to prosocial behavior in adulthood.”
To understand if this decline in prosocial behavior can be temporarily altered, the researchers looked to oxytocin. Oxytocin is a hormone produced in the brain that plays a role in regulating social behaviors like empathy, bonding, and trust. “We therefore wanted to explore whether childhood adversity might shape how people respond to oxytocin during altruistic decision-making—and what happens in the brain during those decisions,” Marsh said.
The scientists recruited 54 healthy young men, with an average age of about 25, for a placebo-controlled experiment. Participants were screened to ensure they had no current or past psychiatric illnesses. The research team also measured and controlled for several baseline factors, including anxiety, depressive symptoms, autistic traits, empathy, personal income, and how often the participants had donated money in the past year.
Participants were randomly assigned to receive either a nasal spray containing oxytocin or a placebo spray with no active ingredients. Neither the participants nor the scientists running the experiment knew who received which spray. About 40 minutes after taking the nasal spray, participants completed a monetary donation task while lying inside a high-resolution brain scanner known as an MRI. This specific timing was chosen to capture the peak behavioral and neural effects of the nasal spray.
During the brain scan, participants were given an initial endowment of 60 Euros. They viewed 60 short profiles on a screen, with 40 profiles describing a stranger in a state of need and 20 describing individuals with no specific need. For each scenario, participants had up to 15 seconds to choose to donate anywhere from zero to one Euro in 10-cent increments. They were informed that any money they chose to give would be deducted from their final payout.
In the placebo group, the scientists found that early life experiences predicted donation amounts. Participants who reported higher levels of childhood adversity donated an average of just 8.22 Euros in total. Participants with lower levels of childhood adversity donated more than twice that amount, averaging 20.01 Euros.
The oxytocin spray produced contrasting effects depending on a person’s background. For those with a history of higher childhood adversity, oxytocin nearly doubled their altruistic behavior, raising their average total donation from 8.22 Euros to 15.68 Euros. For participants who experienced lower childhood adversity, oxytocin had the opposite effect. In this low-adversity group, the hormone cut their average donations by 53 percent, dropping their total from 20.01 Euros down to 9.46 Euros.
This bidirectional result suggests that the hormone does not act as a simple switch that uniformly turns on generosity. “Our findings once again challenge the popular idea to refer to oxytocin as a simple ‘love hormone,'” Marsh told PsyPost.
“Oxytocin does not uniformly promote prosocial behavior—its effects are much more complex. We know that individual characteristics as well as environmental and biographical factors can influence both the direction and magnitude of oxytocin’s behavioral effects. Our study suggests that early life experiences are another important part of this picture.”
Rather than acting as a universal booster for giving, oxytocin appears to tune a person’s sensitivity to social cues based on their existing baseline. “Perhaps the most important takeaway is that early life experiences do not determine who we become,” Marsh said. “But they may shape how we respond to social and neurobiological signals later in life.”
For those whose social sensitivity was lowered by early adversity, oxytocin might boost their attention to others’ needs into an optimal range for helping. For those who already have high social sensitivity, extra oxytocin might make them overly sensitive or hesitant, reducing their willingness to give. “In our study, oxytocin did not simply make people ‘more altruistic,'” Marsh noted. “Its effects differed depending on participants’ childhood experiences, highlighting how biology and individual life history can interact in shaping social behavior.”
Brain scans helped explain these behavioral shifts by tracking functional connectivity, which is a measure of how well different brain areas communicate with one another in real time. The scientists focused on the connection between the medial prefrontal cortex and the middle cingulate cortex. The medial prefrontal cortex is a brain area involved in taking another person’s perspective and regulating emotions. The middle cingulate cortex is a region that helps detect socially relevant information and guides adaptive responses.
In the placebo group, higher childhood adversity was associated with stronger communication between these two brain regions, and this heightened neural connectivity corresponded with lower donation amounts. When given oxytocin, this communication pattern reversed. The hormone reduced the connectivity between these regions in the high-adversity group, which aligned with their increased willingness to donate money to strangers.
The researchers combined the behavioral data and the brain connectivity data into a single predictive mathematical model. This combined model explained almost 47 percent of the variation in how much money people chose to donate. This finding indicates that altruistic behavior is not just a psychological trait but is deeply rooted in the architecture and communication patterns of the brain.
Relying on self-reported questionnaires to measure childhood adversity means that memories of early experiences might be incomplete or influenced by a person’s current mood. “Childhood adversity is highly complex and heterogeneous: different types, timing, duration, and severity of adverse experiences may have very different effects, which cannot be fully captured by a single retrospective measure,” Marsh pointed out. “Our findings therefore provide an empirical foundation that describes associations with reported childhood adversity.”
Because the study only included healthy young men, the findings do not necessarily apply to broader populations. “Also, our sample consisted exclusively of healthy men, so the findings need to be replicated in larger and more diverse samples, particularly including women,” Marsh said. “Finally, our findings should not be interpreted as evidence that oxytocin can ‘reverse’ the effects of childhood adversity or as supporting its clinical use for this purpose.”
Observing how the brain’s social networks operate under various types of stress will help clarify exactly how early life events alter social processing.
“My long-term research asks a much broader question: What are the conditions under which empathy-based altruism unfolds?” Marsh explained. “I want to better understand how biographical, environmental, and neurobiological factors interact to shape our willingness to help others. This means looking beyond individual factors in isolation and studying how our experiences and biology jointly shape empathy, trust, cooperation, and altruistic behavior.”
The study, “Early life adversity shapes neural and behavioural responses to oxytocin during altruistic decision-making,” was authored by Nina Marsh, Vanessa Jeske, Mari Babasiz, Angela Herscheid, Ann-Kathrin Kreuder, Rüdiger Stirnberg, Tony Stoecker, Abigail A. Marsh, Johannes Schultz, and René Hurlemann.
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #Oxytocin #Altruism #ChildhoodAdversity #SocialNeuroscience #BrainConnectivity #ProsocialBehavior #Neurobiology #Hormones #DonationBehavior #MentalHealthResearch
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DATE: August 14, 2026 at 08:00PM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Women globally place higher importance on moral identity than men
URL: https://www.psypost.org/how-culture-and-age-shape-the-way-people-view-their-own-morality/
People all over the world consider morality a part of who they are, but how they express it depends heavily on their age, gender, and cultural background. A large new study maps out these differences, revealing that women generally value moral traits more than men do and that younger people in highly competitive societies care deeply about showing their morals to others. These results were recently published in the Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology.
Morality involves caring about fairness, justice, and the welfare of others. It acts as a core psychological need for many people, giving them a sense of being a good person. Yet individuals differ in how strongly they tie moral characteristics to their personal identity.
Psychologists divide this moral identity into two related concepts. Internalization measures the extent to which a person views moral traits as a private, central part of their self-concept. Symbolization measures how much a person values expressing their morality in ways that other people can see, such as through observable actions or group affiliations.
Both aspects predict real-world prosocial behavior, like volunteering and donating to charity. Most previous research on moral identity relied on samples from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic nations.
Researchers Mariola Paruzel-Czachura and Cillian McHugh wanted to understand how these two aspects of moral identity vary across the globe. By looking at a broader range of countries, the researchers hoped to figure out whether existing assumptions about the moral self are universally human or culturally specific.
The researchers analyzed an existing dataset containing survey responses from 46,490 adults across 67 countries. This qualifies as a large study. Participants filled out a questionnaire assessing how much they valued having nine specific moral traits: caring, compassionate, fair, friendly, generous, helpful, hardworking, honest, and kind.
Participants rated their agreement with statements about these traits on an 11-point scale. The researchers then calculated separate scores for internalization and symbolization.
The researchers also gathered country-level data on several cultural dimensions. These included established metrics assessing a society’s acceptance of hierarchy, its focus on community versus the individual, its emphasis on competition, and its comfort with ambiguity. They also included indices of cultural tightness, which measure the strictness of social norms and a society’s tolerance for people breaking those rules.
Using statistical models that accounted for individuals nested within specific nations, the researchers examined how age, gender, and cultural environment related to participants’ moral identity scores.
The analysis revealed that women scored higher than men on both the private and public components of moral identity. This difference was particularly consistent for internalization. In 41 countries, women scored higher than men on internalization, while men scored higher in only two countries. Women scored higher on symbolization in 21 countries, while men scored higher in only one country.
The researchers predicted this gender outcome based on the idea that moral identity is closely linked to the ethical domain of care. Broad cross-cultural evidence indicates that women, on average, place greater emphasis on caring for others than men do. This stronger commitment to care likely contributes to the self-definitional importance of being a moral person.
The relationship between age and moral identity was also nuanced. When looking at the global population as a single group, older age seemed associated with slightly lower moral identity scores. But when the researchers accounted for the specific country each participant lived in, they found the opposite pattern. Within individual countries, older adults tended to place slightly more importance on having moral traits and on being recognized for them than younger adults did.
Cultural environment also shaped how people viewed their morality, especially regarding public expression. Participants reported higher symbolization in societies that are more collectivistic, meaning social life is tightly structured around community and relationships. Publicly displaying moral traits might help people maintain harmony and social acceptance in these environments where interpersonal reputation carries heavy consequences.
Symbolization was also higher in countries with greater acceptance of unequal power and hierarchy. In these societies, demonstrating socially valued qualities might help individuals navigate status differences and signal their reliability to others.
In cultures that prioritize competition and visible success, younger participants showed higher symbolization. For younger adults focused on establishing their social networks and standing, building a visible moral reputation acts as another form of social achievement. Older adults in these same cultures did not show this pattern, perhaps because their social standing is already established through stable roles.
The private side of moral identity showed a different pattern regarding culture. Internalization was higher in societies that focus on community over the individual. It was also higher in countries with lower acceptance of power inequalities, and in places with lower uncertainty avoidance, which are societies more comfortable with ambiguity.
The strictness of a society’s norms also played a role. In cultures with broad, strictly enforced social rules, people generally reported higher levels of both internalization and symbolization. When community expectations are rigid and closely monitored across many areas of life, internalizing those norms and displaying them to others becomes a central part of everyday functioning.
The results were not statistically significant for other cultural dimensions, such as a society’s focus on long-term future goals or its indulgence of personal desires. These factors did not meaningfully alter how strongly people valued having moral traits.
The study relied on older cultural indices that might not perfectly capture modern societal values. Social norms shift over time, and a country’s historical ranking on a cultural dimension might not reflect its current state. The associations between culture and moral identity found in this data were generally modest in size.
The questionnaire used to measure moral identity was originally developed in the United States. It relies on a specific list of moral traits focused on care and fairness. This list might not fully capture the moral ideals of non-Western cultures, where duty, loyalty, or religious devotion might be considered more central to being a good person. Differences between countries might partly reflect how well these specific traits align with local moral priorities.
Future research could address these limitations by developing measurement tools tailored to diverse cultural perspectives. Assessing cultural values directly from the participants at the exact same time as moral identity would also provide a more precise picture of how societies shape the way people view themselves.
The study, “Who Cares More About Having Moral Traits? Evidence From 67 Countries,” was authored by Mariola Paruzel-Czachura and Cillian McHugh.
URL: https://www.psypost.org/how-culture-and-age-shape-the-way-people-view-their-own-morality/
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #MoralIdentity #WomenAndMorality #CulturalDifferences #Internalization #Symbolization #MoralTraits #ProsocialBehavior #CrossCulturalPsychology #GenderDifferences #GlobalStudy
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Unexpected events and prosocial behavior: the Batman effect
https://www.nature.com/articles/s44184-025-00171-5
Comments: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=49149163
#HackerNews #UnexpectedEvents #BatmanEffect #ProsocialBehavior #Psychology #Research
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DATE: August 6, 2026 at 08:00AM
SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
-------------------------------------------------TITLE: Gratitude makes people more helpful, but it doesn’t overcome the bystander effect
A recent study published in Cognition and Emotion indicates that feeling grateful increases a person’s willingness to help others, even in group settings. However, experiencing gratitude does not make individuals immune to the bystander effect, a psychological phenomenon where people are less likely to intervene when more potential helpers are present. The findings suggest that gratitude boosts overall helpfulness but does not change our tendency to hold back when responsibility can be shared with a crowd.
Gratitude is a positive emotion triggered when someone receives a benefit from another person. This feeling often transforms receivers into givers by motivating them to act in a prosocial manner. Prosocial behavior refers to actions intended to benefit others, such as donating money or assisting a stranger. Past studies provide evidence that gratitude promotes these helpful behaviors more effectively than a neutral mood or other positive emotions.
Most earlier experiments focused on situations involving just one potential helper and one person in need. In everyday life, people frequently encounter situations where multiple individuals could step in to provide assistance. When multiple people are present, the bystander effect often takes hold, describing how individuals become less likely to offer help as the number of potential helpers increases.
People hesitate in groups because of a diffusion of responsibility, meaning they feel less personally accountable when others are around. They also experience uncertainty about whether someone else will act or if their own intervention is even needed. The authors designed their experiment to see if the motivational power of gratitude could overcome this hesitation.
“While the prosocial benefits of gratitude are well-documented, previous studies have mainly focused on simple bilateral situations,” said Ryuji Oguni, a psychology lecturer at Shujitsu University and visiting researcher at Ritsumeikan University. “In daily life, however, helping opportunities often occur in groups where multiple people could intervene. We wanted to bridge this gap by examining whether gratitude continues to promote helping in complex group contexts where people become less likely to help as the number of available helpers increases, a phenomenon known as the bystander effect.”
The authors recruited 867 participants through a Japanese crowdsourcing platform. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three emotional states: gratitude, calm, or neutral. To induce these emotions, the scientists asked participants to write about specific past experiences for five minutes.
Those in the gratitude group recalled a time they felt sincerely thankful for someone’s help. The calm group recalled a relaxing time spent with someone else, which controlled for general positive feelings, low arousal, and the presence of others in the memory. The neutral group wrote about their standard morning routine.
After the emotion-induction exercise, participants completed a resource allocation task. The researchers assigned all participants the role of a potential helper who received ten digital points. They were paired with a hypothetical person in need who had zero points. Participants had to decide whether to give five of their points to the receiver or keep all ten points for themselves, knowing these points would later translate to real monetary compensation.
To test the bystander effect, the task varied the number of potential helpers. Participants made decisions in three separate scenarios: one where they were the only potential helper, one where there were three potential helpers, and one where there were five. The researchers explicitly informed participants that only one person’s contribution was needed to help the receiver.
If multiple people chose to give five points, the extra points would be wasted, and the givers would still lose their points. The participants made their choices privately, without knowing what the other potential helpers decided to do.
The results demonstrated a bystander effect across all participants. As the number of potential helpers increased from one to three to five, the likelihood of a participant giving away their points steadily declined. This indicates that participants evaluated their personal responsibility based on group size, choosing to help less frequently when others could theoretically take on the cost.
The scientists also found that gratitude promoted helpfulness. Participants in the gratitude condition were more likely to give away their points compared to those in the neutral condition. An exploratory analysis of the data indicated that individuals who reported higher levels of gratitude were generally more willing to share their resources, regardless of group size.
The calm group also experienced a slight increase in gratitude during the memory exercise. Recalling a pleasant social experience inadvertently brought up feelings of appreciation. This moderate increase in gratitude slightly elevated their helping behavior compared to the neutral group.
The study did not find evidence that gratitude moderates the bystander effect. The drop in helping behavior as group size increased was nearly identical across the gratitude, calm, and neutral groups. Being in a grateful state increased the overall baseline of giving, but it did not change how participants reacted to the presence of other potential helpers.
This finding suggests a separation between how people feel and how they calculate their role in a group setting. “We were particularly intrigued to find that emotional motivation and cognitive evaluation may operate somewhat independently,” Oguni told PsyPost. “Gratitude appears to increase people’s motivation to help, while the tendency to adjust helping based on group size remains.”
Even with this limitation, the authors note that applying these findings to daily life still offers benefits. “Although gratitude does not eliminate the bystander effect, its positive main effect may nevertheless have practical relevance,” Oguni explained. “In group settings where responsibility is diluted, cultivating gratitude may raise the baseline probability that someone will step up. Over repeated daily interactions, even small shifts in helping behavior could potentially have meaningful cumulative effects.”
The researchers caution against viewing positive emotions as a standalone solution for increasing cooperation in organizations. “A potential misinterpretation would be assuming that gratitude eliminates bystander hesitation altogether,” Oguni noted. “Although gratitude may be a relatively simple way to encourage helping, relying on emotional cultivation alone might not suffice in large group settings. In workplaces or communities, gratitude cultivation may be most effective when complemented by structural changes that explicitly define individual roles and responsibilities.”
The experimental design introduces certain constraints on how these findings apply to real-world scenarios. The study used an anonymous online point system where only one person’s help was required and excess help provided no extra benefit. In everyday life, emergencies often require cooperative efforts from multiple people, and a person in need might visibly benefit from all available assistance.
The online task also prevented participants from seeing whether the other bystanders chose to help or do nothing. This lack of visibility is something the authors plan to address in upcoming studies. “In this study, participants couldn’t observe or communicate with other bystanders,” Oguni said. “In real-world environments, we often observe whether others are stepping up or staying passive. My next steps involve exploring how real-time social feedback and the ability to observe other bystanders’ behavior alter gratitude’s influence in group contexts.”
The study, “Does gratitude moderate the bystander effect? A registered report,” was authored by Ryuji Oguni, Yukari Jessica Tham, and Chikara Ishii.
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#psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #Gratitude boosts helping #BystanderEffect #ProsocialBehavior #GroupDynamics #SocialPsychology #HelpingBehavior #GratitudeResearch #CognitionAndEmotion #Volunteerism #EthicalImpact
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A study tested cats and dogs to see if they’d help humans in trouble. We love cats anyway.
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🐭 Mice performing first aid? #Science says yes! When a fellow mouse passes out, others sniff, nudge, and even pull its tongue – seemingly trying to revive it.
What drives this? Transcendent altruism? Or maybe... mom’s meatballs? 🤔 Nope. #Oxytocin.
🔬 Read more: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adq2677
Are we just biochemical puppets? Or should we start prescribing oxytocin to certain... empathy-challenged individuals?
#Neuroscience #Empathy #ProsocialBehavior #BrainChemistry #Altruism #RodentStudy
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The Testosterone Paradox: How Hormones Shape Human Generosity
Recent research uncovers the surprising effects of testosterone on prosocial behavior, revealing that this hormone can diminish the audience effect, where individuals act more generously when being ob...
https://news.lavx.hu/article/the-testosterone-paradox-how-hormones-shape-human-generosity
#news #tech #Testosterone #ProsocialBehavior #SocialPsychology
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New psychology research shows self-beautifying can boost prosocial behavior — here’s why https://www.psypost.org/new-psychology-research-shows-self-beautifying-can-boost-prosocial-behavior-heres-why/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=mastodon #Psychology #SelfImprovement #ProsocialBehavior #MentalHealth #EthicalShopping
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Reducing screen time boosts children’s mental health and prosocial behaviors, study finds https://www.psypost.org/reducing-screen-time-boosts-childrens-mental-health-and-prosocial-behaviors-study-finds/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=mastodon #ScreenTime #MentalHealth #ChildDevelopment #ProsocialBehavior #DigitalWellness
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Can kindness make you more beautiful? New psychology research says yes https://www.psypost.org/can-kindness-make-you-more-beautiful-new-psychology-research-says-yes/?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=mastodon #KindnessBeauty #PsychologyResearch #ProsocialBehavior #BeautyJudgments #SocialPerception
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Archaeoethnologica: The Social Instinct - Book / O Instinto Social - Livro
+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2024/08/o-instinto-social.html
#Anthropology #biology #EvolutionaryAnthropology #cooperartioh #SocialInstinct #altruism #prosocialbehavior #Books #socialevolution
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Archaeoethnologica: The Social Instinct - Book / O Instinto Social - Livro
+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2024/08/o-instinto-social.html
#Anthropology #biology #EvolutionaryAnthropology #cooperartioh #SocialInstinct #altruism #prosocialbehavior #Books #socialevolution
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Archaeoethnologica: The Social Instinct - Book / O Instinto Social - Livro
+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2024/08/o-instinto-social.html
#Anthropology #biology #EvolutionaryAnthropology #cooperartioh #SocialInstinct #altruism #prosocialbehavior #Books #socialevolution
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Archaeoethnologica: The Social Instinct - Book / O Instinto Social - Livro
+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2024/08/o-instinto-social.html
#Anthropology #biology #EvolutionaryAnthropology #cooperartioh #SocialInstinct #altruism #prosocialbehavior #Books #socialevolution
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Yes! I made it into the Encyclopedia of Heroism Studies! (at least as an author).
It gives an overview of different approaches to study Civil Courage. I hope it encourages scholars to deal with this in their teaching and to set up some good studies on this.
Practitioners and policy makers are in need for more scientific studies, to support and continue to improve the daily impact of their work (!).
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17125-3_192-1
#CivilCourage #ZivilCourage #MoralCourage #ProsocialBehavior