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  1. DATE: October 7, 2026 at 08:00AM
    SOURCE: PSYPOST.ORG

    ** Research quality varies widely from fantastic to small exploratory studies. Please check research methods when conclusions are very important to you. **
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    TITLE: People who think the world lacks meaning are more prone to political violence

    URL: psypost.org/people-who-think-t

    People who believe that few things in the world truly matter tend to report greater willingness to engage in violent extremism, according to research published in Psychology of Violence. A 10-day exercise in photographing and journaling about meaningful things was also followed by lower violent extremism intentions, though the evidence on why the exercise worked was mixed.

    The research was led by Daniel W. Snook, an assistant professor of experimental psychology at Florida Gulf Coast University. The study explored how specific “primal world beliefs” relate to political and ideological violence.

    Primal world beliefs refer to the broad, largely unconscious assumptions people make about the overall character of reality. These are basic lenses through which humans view their environment. For example, some people assume the world is a generally safe place, while others view it as a highly dangerous one.

    “When I learned about primal world beliefs—people’s basic assumptions about the nature of reality—I immediately began to wonder which ones might be related to violent extremism, which is violence for a religious, political, or social cause,” Snook told PsyPost.

    “Researchers have long studied how specific ideological beliefs relate to violent extremism (like the White supremacist belief that White people are the superior race or the jihadist belief that strict, literal sharia must be upheld), but none had studied how general worldviews, that is, what people believe is true of the world across contexts, relate to violent extremism,” the researcher explained. “So, in 2021, I started exploring the connections between these newly described worldviews and intentions to do violence for a variety of sociopolitical causes.”

    The concept builds on a 2019 study that identified about two dozen primal world beliefs by analyzing sources ranging from historical texts to tweets. It also builds on a theory outlined in a 2019 book that argues that radicalization is often initially driven by a universal desire to feel significant, and a 2023 study covered by PsyPost found that people with an obsessive passion for their ideology tended to report more support for political violence.

    The authors reasoned that people who believe few things in the world matter might find it easier to justify harming people and property for one of the rare causes they do care about, since the collateral damage would seem smaller to them.

    To investigate this, the scientists conducted a series of four surveys examining adults from various ideological groups in the United States. The sample included 354 Democrats, 212 Republicans, 262 environmental activists, and 579 Black Lives Matter activists. The first three surveys measured 22 different primal world beliefs; the fourth measured only the three strongest predictors from those surveys. To assess violent intentions, participants rated their agreement with statements about using any means, including physical violence, to advance their group’s objectives.

    Across all four groups, the Meaningful world belief was the strongest predictor of violent intentions, though the strength of the association varied widely, from modest among the Black Lives Matter activists to strong among the Republicans. The Meaningful world belief is not about whether a person feels their own life has meaning, nor is it the idea that the universe has a grand, intentional design. Rather, it is the simple belief that most things, including other people, tend to matter. People with lower scores on this measure, meaning those who feel that things and people generally do not matter, were much more open to engaging in violence for their ideology.

    “The fact that the belief that the world is a place where meaning is rare was the best predictor of violent extremism, rather than primal world beliefs we might have expected based on previous theory, such as the belief the world is a dangerous or competitive place, was a surprise,” Snook said.

    To see if this pattern held among actual offenders, the researchers assessed 125 men incarcerated in Kazakhstan. The researchers worked with prison administrators to identify two distinct groups. Sixty-four of these men were convicted of jihadist terrorism, while the other 61 were convicted of non-ideological violent crimes like murder, rape, or assault. The surveys were conducted anonymously to protect the inmates.

    The imprisoned terrorists scored lower on the Meaningful world belief scale than the non-terrorist violent offenders. This provides evidence that a lack of perceived meaning in the world is tied to ideological violence in real-world settings. By isolating terrorists from other types of violent criminals, the researchers found a difference between people convicted of violence for a cause and those convicted of violence for other reasons. The terrorists scored an average of 4.10 on the Meaningful world belief scale, compared to 4.73 for the non-terrorist violent offenders, on a 1-to-6 scale.

    Snook noted that the relationships found in these initial surveys were robust. “The effects were consistent across the correlational studies (Studies 1-5), including some large effect sizes,” he pointed out.

    The authors then designed an experiment to see if changing these beliefs could reduce violent intentions. They recruited Republicans who endorsed the January 6, 2021, Capitol insurrection. Of the 395 people assigned to the intervention, 179 started it (216 declined to participate due to the time commitment) and 71 completed all 10 days. Each day, they used their cellphones to take three photos of things they found meaningful, such as elements of the natural world or things that often go overlooked in daily life.

    After taking the photos, they uploaded them to a study portal, picked the most meaningful one, and wrote a short journal entry about why it mattered. On the final day, the participants reflected on how their photos represented only a tiny fraction of the people and things in the world that hold true value. Compared to a passive control group of 359 participants who did not complete the photo exercises, the intervention group reported a higher Meaningful world belief at the end of the study.

    The intervention group also reported lower intentions for violent extremism, averaging 1.74 on a 1-to-7 scale compared to 2.26 in the control group. One month later, the 57 intervention participants who responded still reported lower violent intentions than before the program, although their Meaningful world belief scores had drifted back toward where they started, and the control group was not surveyed again.

    “This suggests that helping people see meaning in more places than they did before makes them less supportive of political violence, possibly by helping them see meaning in more places than only in their political cause,” Snook said. “This is also the first time any experimental intervention was able to change the levels of a primal world belief, which were previously found to be largely unchangeable.”

    A final experiment tested this same 10-day photography intervention on a broader sample of 297 Americans, including 129 people in the intervention group and 168 people in an active control group that completed a course of online safety modules instead of the photo journaling.

    Because the general public rarely endorses violent extremism, most participants started this final study with the lowest possible score for violent intentions. The preregistered analysis found a small overall difference between the groups in how violent intentions changed. In an exploratory analysis of the 87 people who did not start at the minimum, the photo intervention was linked to lower violent intentions a month later.

    These findings are in line with research covered by PsyPost in 2025, which found that on days when employees felt more burned out, they reported more sympathy for violent extremist ideas, a link partly explained by a weakened sense of meaning. That study focused on workplace burnout rather than general world beliefs.

    Comparing the two experiments, Snook clarified the magnitude of the results. “In the experiment with Republicans who endorsed the January 6th Capitol insurrection (Study 6), effect sizes were medium, meaning the intervention noticeably mattered for reducing violent extremism, but in the experiment with general U.S. political partisans (Study 7), effect sizes were small, though significant,” he explained.

    As with all research, there are a few things to keep in mind. “An important caveat to these results is that in the final experiment with general U.S. political partisans (Study 7), participating in the intervention group compared to the control group resulted in reduced violent extremism, but not increased Meaningful world belief, which calls into question exactly how the intervention caused the reduction in violent extremism,” Snook noted. The authors note that the photo exercise might have simply made meaningful things more noticeable, rather than changing the underlying belief itself.

    Additionally, the exercise asked people what matters, and the survey asked how much things matter, meaning participants might have guessed the study’s aim and altered their responses. Most of the participants in these studies were also self-reporting their intentions to use violence, which is a behavioral intention rather than an actual action.

    Only the prison study looked at past violent acts. The two groups compared in the prison study might also have differed in unmeasured ways, such as education levels or time served, which could influence their worldviews. The control group in the experiment with January 6 supporters was also passive, meaning they did not complete an alternative 10-day task, and they were surveyed only once, after the program, so there is no baseline to compare.

    Future studies will need to test the photography intervention against active control exercises among extremist populations to see how consistently these results hold. “This project is exciting because it opens the door to test other positive psychology interventions for reducing violent extremism,” Snook concluded.

    The study, “Is a Meaningless World Easier to Destroy? Low Meaningful World Belief Predicts Violent Extremism Intentions,” was authored by Daniel W. Snook, Nicholas Kerry, Baglan Aidarov, Kairat Abuov, Jeremy D. W. Clifton, and Jocelyn J. Bélanger.

    URL: psypost.org/people-who-think-t

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    #psychology #counseling #socialwork #psychotherapy @psychotherapist @psychotherapists @psychology @socialpsych @socialwork @psychiatry #mentalhealth #psychiatry #healthcare #depression #psychotherapist #MeaningfulWorldBelief #ViolentExtremismPrevention #PrimalWorldBeliefs #MeaningMatters #PsychologyOfViolence #PoliticalViolenceResearch #PhotographyIntervention #PositivePsychology #ConflictResolution #SocialScienceStudy

  2. Burnout can be systemic, but that doesn’t mean we’re powerless to protect our internal capacity. Here are five research-backed sparks—meaning, connection, agency, curiosity, and delight—that can help bring a little joy back to work.

    #WorkplaceJoy #Burnout #WorkplaceWellbeing #PositivePsychology #ReigniteJoy

  3. I'm delighted to see my positive psychology textbook translated into Chinese (China Machine Press). And with extra faces on the cover... 😎
    #positivepsychology

  4. Establishing consistency in the number could be analogous to a credit score, giving people a clue that the reported benefit is substantial and credible, substituting for an invasive audit of the formula.

    A formula might include factors like Pleasure, Pride, and Purpose, but like any study in or health, it could get really detailed. So a high-level model like the Three Ps might be more useful as a way to expose three Engaged Connection numbers.

  5. Old Aromatherapy: Memory Smells Like Plants

    People measure life in years. I believe I have lived mine mostly in fragrances. When I look back, I do not first remember the houses I lived in, the roads I traveled, or the objects I kept. I remember scents. The fragrance of poplar buds announcing spring. The smell of wet oak leaves telling me autumn was already near. The scent of wood smoke carried by a quiet morning breeze, a sign that the atmospheric pressure was changing and that rain would probably follow. Meteorologists have […]

    gardenandsoulbyoli.wordpress.c

  6. ----------------

    📚 Philosophy
    ===================

    The Japanese concept of Ikigai (生き甲斐) translates to "reason for being" and represents a framework for finding personal meaning and direction in life. Unlike objective success metrics such as salary or test scores, Ikigai is inherently subjective — it is defined by the individual, not by external benchmarks.

    Core Framework

    The Ikigai model identifies four intersecting conditions that define meaningful engagement:

    1. What you love doing
    2. What you are good at
    3. What you can be paid for
    4. What the world needs

    The intersection of these four domains constitutes a person's Ikigai. The concept does not restrict itself to professional life — it can manifest through family, hobbies, community service, or creative pursuits.

    Historical Context

    While the term existed in Japanese culture long before its popularization, psychiatrist Mieko Kamiya (1914–1979) brought it into broader awareness with her 1966 book "On the Meaning of Life" (生きがいについて). This book has never been translated from Japanese into English, which means much of the Western understanding of Ikigai comes from secondary interpretations rather than the original source. This matters because simplified versions circulating online often strip away cultural nuance.

    Research Findings

    A longitudinal study by Levy, Slade, Kunkel, and Kasl (2002) examined the relationship between Ikigai and health outcomes. Participants who reported having an Ikigai showed higher rates of marriage, employment, and educational attainment. Mortality rates were significantly lower among those with Ikigai, with the gap primarily driven by fewer deaths from cardiovascular disease.

    The study is correlational. It does not establish that Ikigai causes better health outcomes. The relationship could run in either direction or be mediated by other factors like socioeconomic status or social support.

    Parallels and Limitations

    There is conceptual overlap with Western positive psychology, but the framing differs. Ikigai emphasizes contribution and interdependence, while positive psychology leans toward individual flourishing. The source here is a Wikipedia article, not the original paper. Effect sizes, sample sizes, and methodological details are absent. Anyone citing these findings should read the Levy et al. (2002) paper directly.

    🔹 ikigai #philosophy #positivepsychology #wellbeing #research

    🔗 Source: he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D

  7. Self-Determination Theory isn't a feature to be added to a task manager. It's the framework explaining why your current one fails. A system that satisfies the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness doesn't just organize tasks; it sustains the behavior of using it.

    🔗 neuroviaxacademy.com/personal-

    #Psychology #PositivePsychology

  8. “Just pet the puppy” may sound like a joke, but neuroscience suggests there is real science behind why animals help us feel calmer, safer, and more connected. Sometimes the simplest advice contains the deepest wisdom.

    #Neuroscience #DogsOfInstagram #Wellbeing #PositivePsychology #EverydayMagic

  9. Recently, Peter Sage suggested that what we call the Law of Attraction might be better understood as the Power of Creation. That idea sent me down a rabbit hole connecting my father’s lessons from Psycho-Cybernetics, modern neuroscience, and the question of whether we attract opportunities—or learn to see them.

    #PeterSage #Neuroscience #PositivePsychology #MindsetMatters #PersonalGrowth

  10. Negative self-talk can be debilitating, but research suggests it's not an inherent part of one's personality. The ABCDE model offers a structured approach to cognitive restructuring, helping individuals identify and challenge maladaptive beliefs.
    📌 By examining the evidence for and against these beliefs, individuals can reframe their thoughts, leading to improved emotional regulation.
    🔗 neuroviaxacademy.com/cognitive
    CognitiveRestructuring #MentalHealth #PositivePsychology

  11. Research suggests standard CBT may not be enough for emotional dysregulation and addiction.
    📌
    ACT therapy offers an alternative by altering one's relationship to their thoughts.
    🔗 neuroviaxacademy.com/advanced-
    MentalHealth #PositivePsychology #Resilience

  12. Therapy sessions alone may not be enough for lasting change. Researchers found that interactive tools can activate neuroplasticity, strengthening neural connections through repeated practice.

    📌 Full details in the first comment 👇 #PositivePsychology #Neuroplasticity #MentalHealth

    🔗 neuroviaxacademy.com/interacti

  13. Many assume hearing is the same as listening, but research suggests attentional resources play a key role in processing spoken words and tone.

    📌 This distinction is crucial for effective communication. #PositivePsychology #Mindfulness #MentalHealth
    Full details in the first comment 👇

    🔗 neuroviaxacademy.com/active-li

  14. Remote workers often wonder why they miss out on projects or promotions. Research shows managers unconsciously favor those they see in the office—a proximity bias that can erode fairness.

    📌 Standardizing communication channels, logging contributions, and evaluating based on output can level the playing field and reduce that hidden inequity. 🌱 #PositivePsychology #Resilience

    🔗 neuroviaxacademy.com/hybrid-wo

  15. Recent findings in behavioral psychology suggest that procrastination functions as a "mood repair" strategy. When a task triggers negative emotions like anxiety or self-doubt, the brain seeks immediate relief through avoidance. This scientific shift moves us away from the "laziness" narrative toward a more supportive, regulation-based approach.

    For those who want to read more about these psychological drivers:
    neuroviaxacademy.com/overcomin
    #Science #MentalHealth #PositivePsychology

  16. Is this correct?
    "ADHD appeared in the DSM-III in 1980. The first study systematically comparing strengths in ADHD vs. neurotypical adults published in December 2025. That’s nearly half a century of “what’s wrong with you?” before anyone officially asked “what’s right with you?”"
    thediagnosis.substack.com/p/a-

    #ADHD #PositivePsychology

  17. Active Constructive Responding 5/10
This time, a different challenge: applying Active Constructive Responding (ACR), a concept from Martin Seligman’s Flourish and Positive Psychology. 🔍
#PositivePsychology #LearningInLife #EmberhartPodcast

  18. Awkward or repetitive conversations aren’t the real problem.
How we respond is.
    Active Constructive Responding turns everyday moments into connection — at family tables and in leadership conversations alike.
    📚 emberhart.com/active-construct
    What would change if curiosity replaced irritation?
    #CommunicationMindset #PositivePsychology #HumanSkills #ConnectionOverComfort #SelfLeadership #Emberhart #SparkingChange

  19. True success is more than milestones—it’s about how we cultivate gratitude, resilience, and presence each day. One powerful tool from positive psychology is the Three Blessings Exercise: each evening, write down three good moments and reflect on why they happened. #Emberhart #PositivePsychology youtu.be/bKSIrrzj9-U

  20. Award-winning docmentary Happy (The Happy Movie!) takes viewers on a journey across five continents in search of the keys to happiness. Through cutting-edge science and through remarkable human stories from Namibia, Brazil, Bhutan, Kolkata, Louisiana, and more, the film leads us to a deeper understanding of why and how we can pursue more fulfilling, healthier, and happier lives.

    Our Happy Curriculum Guide includes a lesson on Practicing Happiness, that features activities that promote and support mental wellness. This lesson also has a printable Happiness Inventory workshop that individuals as well as teachers may find useful as a mental wellness tool.

    These resources are designed for grades 3-12 and adult/higher ed. 8/9

    journeysinfilm.org/film/happy-

    #Movies #MentalHealth #MentalWellness #Education #Homeschooling #SelfCare #Edutooters #Parenting #Documentary #Psychology #PositivePsychology #GlobalEducation

  21. ‘Dancing Wheelchair’ Helps Paralyzed Teen Feel ‘Cool’ Being a Different Sort of Dancer (WATCH)

    credit – Allyson Keiser With a little ingenuity, and some modifications to an old piece of tech, 11-year-old…
    #NewsBeep #News #US #USA #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #Health #dance #disability #GreatKids #Paralysis #Philadelphia #positive #PositivePsychology #self-esteem #Teens #wheelchair
    newsbeep.com/us/346056/

  22. Unboxing the Gratitude Box— A tiny note of gratitude can shift your whole workday. Here’s why a simple Gratitude Box can rewire your brain—and your workplace—for calm, clarity, and connection.
    #GratitudeAtWork #WorkplaceWellness #MicroHabits #PositivePsychology #NotQuiteSuperhuman

    notquitesuperhuman.com/2025/12

  23. Creativity Blocks 1/10
As the days grow shorter 🌒, reflection brings new ideas. Lately, I’ve been listening to Flourish by Martin Seligman—searching for insights on what truly fuels creativity and meaning.
#PositivePsychology #Reflection #Growth #Emberhart

  24. One powerful tool from positive psychology is the Three Blessings Exercise: each evening, write down three good moments and reflect on why they happened. #PositivePsychology #ThreeBlessings #Emberhart youtu.be/smqFIfFkWCk

  25. Hope Is the Most Impactful Emotion in Determining Long-Term Economic, Social Outcomes

    Photo by Carl Hunley Jr on Unsplash Is hope just “a thing with feathers” as Dickenson wrote, or…
    #NewsBeep #News #Health #Australia #education #GB #hope #Inspiring #Mentalhealth #Poll #Positive #PositivePsychology #Science #Success #UK #UnitedKingdom #wellness
    newsbeep.com/uk/237830/

  26. Hope Is the Most Impactful Emotion in Determining Long-Term Economic, Social Outcomes

    Photo by Carl Hunley Jr on Unsplash Is hope just “a thing with feathers” as Dickenson wrote, or…
    #NewsBeep #News #US #USA #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #Health #Australia #Education #Hope #Inspiring #Mentalhealth #poll #positive #PositivePsychology #Science #success #wellness
    newsbeep.com/us/264957/

  27. 3 Blessings 1/10
Happiness isn’t just fleeting pleasure. 🌱 Positive psychology shows lasting joy comes from gratitude, hope, mindful engagement, and meaningful connection.
#PositivePsychology #Wellbeing #MeaningfulLiving #LifeOfPurpose

  28. Inventing Positivity 1/10
Positive psychology asks: what makes life worth living? 🌱 It explores how we can cultivate well-being, gratitude, hope, optimism, and mindfulness to bring depth and meaning to our days.
#PositivePsychology #Wellbeing #MeaningfulLife #EmberhartPodcast

  29. Find out why adding gratitude and forgiveness to a daily positive psychology practice can be game-changing!
    via Ellen Britt & Denise Wakeman
    Get the scoop 👉 lttr.ai/Ai54O

    #gratitude #positivepsychology

  30. Crissy ... 2of2: 1. Honouring the past: It's a day to remember the sacrifices of those who fought for the rights we often take for granted like the weekend, #MinimumWage, and #WorkplaceSafety

    2. Commitment to #fairness: It’s a moment to reflect on the ongoing work to create equitable and just workplaces for everyone, whether it’s through better pay, a healthy work-life balance, or #MentalHealth support

    3. Celebrating #HumanConnection: At its core, it's about honouring the value of human labour, purpose, and our ability to build a better world together.

    This long weekend, as you enjoy the extra time with family or friends, take a moment to reflect on the legacy of these brave pioneers. Their fight helped shape the world of work we know today.

    What's one thing you're doing this long weekend to rest, recharge, or connect with your community?

    Reference: archives.nupge.ca/content/cele

    #WorkplaceWellness #PositivePsychology #EmotionalIntelligence

  31. A Modest Proposition for the Heretic’s Verdict: On the Necessary Unmaking of a Pious Insanity Continue reading on Medium »

    #positive-psychology #satire #humor #art #history

    Origin | Interest | Match
  32. Japanese ‘Rental Grandmother’ Service Gives Much-Needed and Much-Loved Work to Older Women

    A woman and her contracted grandma – credit, Client Partners When a Japanese handyman contractor faced an oversaturated market, they turned to a pret…
    #Japan #JP #JapanNews #Elderly #FamilyLife #GoodIdeas #Japanese #Japanesenews #laughs #news #PositivePsychology #Seniors #women; #work
    alojapan.com/1338509/japanese-

  33. alojapan.com/1338509/japanese- Japanese ‘Rental Grandmother’ Service Gives Much-Needed and Much-Loved Work to Older Women #Elderly #FamilyLife #GoodIdeas #Japan #JapanNews #Japanese #JapaneseNews #laughs #news #PositivePsychology #Seniors #women; #work A woman and her contracted grandma – credit, Client Partners When a Japanese handyman contractor faced an oversaturated market, they turned to a pretty unusual solution: a ‘rent-a-grandma.’ With few other jobs av

  34. 🌟 New Article: The Complete Guide to Human Flourishing

    I've just published a comprehensive exploration of what it means to flourish. This guide covers:

    🔬 Scientific frameworks (PERMA, Ryff's 6 dimensions)
    🛠️ Practical interventions & therapeutic approaches
    🚧 Common barriers & how to overcome them
    📋 Implementation guide with daily practices

    Read the full guide: drdevroy.com/flourishing/

    #Flourishing #MentalHealth #PositivePsychology #Wellbeing #PersonalDevelopment

  35. Just joined Brenda Benham's online session on pitching for funding and it reignited my passion for crafting engaging #presentations grounded in the #BrainScience of making information stick i.e. #memorability

    My journey in #storytelling is evolving, fueled by my deep interest in #PositivePsychology and #ContentDesign as a Learning Experience Designer. Whether it's solo podcasting or thinking about future media appearances (cozy, focused chats are still my preference), my foundation is solid thanks to BCIT's #PublicSpeaking course.

    It's still wild to think that most people fear public speaking more than death. This was shared by the instructor and I keep hearing it from other public speakers I've met.

    My key takeaway? Completing a course is just the beginning. Real growth / confidence happen when you consistently apply those skills. Keep practicing, keep experimenting, and those "aha!" moments will keep coming. It's leveling up your personal and professional growth!

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