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#BoilerManual #AirAndGasFlow #Section3 #Page35
to zero at full load. Superheater (SH) spray flow is less at full load than at lower loads, but is still required. Reheat spray is normally not required since only enough gas recirculation flow is used to raise the reheat steam temperature to design. The exception to this is at or very near full load, when no gas recirculation is required. Even with no gas recirculation, reheat steam temperatures may be high at full load.
Some gas tempering with a slight reheat spray may be necessary. The main steam attemperator control valves are normally set at their minimum spray position. They are sized to spray 4% of full load feedwater flow at full load in this position. During upset conditions, they vary flow until stable conditions are attained.
[b]Superheat Spray Attemperators (2)
Steam temperature can be controlled to within plus or minus 10 F of design parameters by the use of spray attemperation. It provides a quick acting and sensitive means of steam temperature control. One attemperator spray nozzle (Figure 31) is located in each of the two connecting lines from the primary superheater outlet to the secondary superheater inlets.
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Alt = Labeled Fig. 30 Steam temperature with controlled G.R. flow and attemperator flow. A small simplified graph with x axis in terms of Boiler load (percent) with only the 0 and 100 points are marked. The y axis is in terms of Steam temp. with only the points of 0 to 1005 marked, and there's a vertical dashed line at some unidentified x position to the left side of the graph, and a horizontal line drawn across at the 1005 mark, and there are 3 curves depicted: Reheat, Controlled G.R. flow (this arcs from high near the Reheat curve above it, then intersects with the lower S.H. attemp. flow curve below it; the S.H. curve isn't curved but takes a sharp downward angle somewhere to the right of that dashed line). The topmost Reheat curve arches briefly from left to right where the dashed line and the 1005 mark intersect, and presumably flattens out across the 1005 line after that. To the right of the graph is marked "Gas recirculation Attemperator spray flow". -
#BoilerManual #AirAndGasFlow #Section3 #Page35
to zero at full load. Superheater (SH) spray flow is less at full load than at lower loads, but is still required. Reheat spray is normally not required since only enough gas recirculation flow is used to raise the reheat steam temperature to design. The exception to this is at or very near full load, when no gas recirculation is required. Even with no gas recirculation, reheat steam temperatures may be high at full load.
Some gas tempering with a slight reheat spray may be necessary. The main steam attemperator control valves are normally set at their minimum spray position. They are sized to spray 4% of full load feedwater flow at full load in this position. During upset conditions, they vary flow until stable conditions are attained.
[b]Superheat Spray Attemperators (2)
Steam temperature can be controlled to within plus or minus 10 F of design parameters by the use of spray attemperation. It provides a quick acting and sensitive means of steam temperature control. One attemperator spray nozzle (Figure 31) is located in each of the two connecting lines from the primary superheater outlet to the secondary superheater inlets.
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Alt = Labeled Fig. 30 Steam temperature with controlled G.R. flow and attemperator flow. A small simplified graph with x axis in terms of Boiler load (percent) with only the 0 and 100 points are marked. The y axis is in terms of Steam temp. with only the points of 0 to 1005 marked, and there's a vertical dashed line at some unidentified x position to the left side of the graph, and a horizontal line drawn across at the 1005 mark, and there are 3 curves depicted: Reheat, Controlled G.R. flow (this arcs from high near the Reheat curve above it, then intersects with the lower S.H. attemp. flow curve below it; the S.H. curve isn't curved but takes a sharp downward angle somewhere to the right of that dashed line). The topmost Reheat curve arches briefly from left to right where the dashed line and the 1005 mark intersect, and presumably flattens out across the 1005 line after that. To the right of the graph is marked "Gas recirculation Attemperator spray flow". -
#BoilerManual #FluidCirculation #Section2 #Page35
As pressure and temperature fall off in the high pressure stage of the turbine, the steam loses most of its superheat and begins to approach saturation temperature. Because of the velocities at which steam moves through the turbine, it would be quite erosive to the turbine if the steam quality dropped below 100%. However a considerable amount of heat (and consequently fuel) was used to initially convert the water into steam. Therefore, the overall plant efficiency can be increased by sending this steam back to the boiler and reheating it, so that it can be used by the turbine again.
Low pressure steam from the turbine, at a temperature of approximately 475 F enters the reheater. Steam exits the reheater at approximately 960 F and is returned to the turbine. This completes the boiler fluid cycle at 33% load.
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Alt = Labeled Fig 26 Boiler fluid cycle at minimum feedwater flow. It revisits the steam graph of Figure 7 and it's laid out similarly, and is in turn similar to Figure 3. The graph is laid out with points where the x column is labeled in terms of Temperature in degrees, incrementing every 100 degrees + from 300 to 1200; the y row is labeled in terms of Enthalpy -- Btu/lb incrementing every 200 Btus/lb from 400 to 1600).There are no Points A, B or C are on a straight line, but there is that straight line, labeled 2500psi rather than 2000 psi; where Point C was, there is still that steam curve which goes all the way up to the upper right corner of the graph. From left to right, the graph is marked off in terms of which parts of the curve is covered by which part of the boiler.
Before that 2500 psi straight line begins, marked off from left to right is the Econ. and Cyc. from approximately 350 Btu/lb mark to 6h4 600 Btu/lb mark. From that point to the end of that straight line is marked off Furnace passes, subdivided into 1st, 2nd, 3rd for the front wall and 1st and 2nd for the side wall. The roof tubes begin at what used to be Point C, then after that along that steam curve is PSH, and then SSH which is marked as overlapping the PSH a bit. Below those markings, beginning where the SSH marking starts, is a separate curve labeled Reheater.
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#BoilerManual #FluidCirculation #Section2 #Page35
As pressure and temperature fall off in the high pressure stage of the turbine, the steam loses most of its superheat and begins to approach saturation temperature. Because of the velocities at which steam moves through the turbine, it would be quite erosive to the turbine if the steam quality dropped below 100%. However a considerable amount of heat (and consequently fuel) was used to initially convert the water into steam. Therefore, the overall plant efficiency can be increased by sending this steam back to the boiler and reheating it, so that it can be used by the turbine again.
Low pressure steam from the turbine, at a temperature of approximately 475 F enters the reheater. Steam exits the reheater at approximately 960 F and is returned to the turbine. This completes the boiler fluid cycle at 33% load.
------------------------------------------------- 35 ------------------------------------------------------
Alt = Labeled Fig 26 Boiler fluid cycle at minimum feedwater flow. It revisits the steam graph of Figure 7 and it's laid out similarly, and is in turn similar to Figure 3. The graph is laid out with points where the x column is labeled in terms of Temperature in degrees, incrementing every 100 degrees + from 300 to 1200; the y row is labeled in terms of Enthalpy -- Btu/lb incrementing every 200 Btus/lb from 400 to 1600).There are no Points A, B or C are on a straight line, but there is that straight line, labeled 2500psi rather than 2000 psi; where Point C was, there is still that steam curve which goes all the way up to the upper right corner of the graph. From left to right, the graph is marked off in terms of which parts of the curve is covered by which part of the boiler.
Before that 2500 psi straight line begins, marked off from left to right is the Econ. and Cyc. from approximately 350 Btu/lb mark to 6h4 600 Btu/lb mark. From that point to the end of that straight line is marked off Furnace passes, subdivided into 1st, 2nd, 3rd for the front wall and 1st and 2nd for the side wall. The roof tubes begin at what used to be Point C, then after that along that steam curve is PSH, and then SSH which is marked as overlapping the PSH a bit. Below those markings, beginning where the SSH marking starts, is a separate curve labeled Reheater.
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Burn it down. People will die. We don't care. We want it:
The Vice President’s Counsel expressed to Co-Conspirator 2 that following through with the proposal would result in a “disastrous situation” where the election might “have to be decided in the streets.” -
Burn it down. People will die. We don't care. We want it:
The Vice President’s Counsel expressed to Co-Conspirator 2 that following through with the proposal would result in a “disastrous situation” where the election might “have to be decided in the streets.”