#easterneurope — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #easterneurope, aggregated by home.social.
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KYIV POST:
Burnham, Trump Agree to Keep Working Toward Ukraine-Russia Ceasefirehttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83979
British Prime Minister Andy Burnham and US President Donald Trump agreed to continue efforts toward a ceasefire after US envoys held back-to-back talks with Vladimir Putin and Volodymyr Zelensky.
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KYIV POST:
Burnham, Trump Agree to Keep Working Toward Ukraine-Russia Ceasefirehttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83979
British Prime Minister Andy Burnham and US President Donald Trump agreed to continue efforts toward a ceasefire after US envoys held back-to-back talks with Vladimir Putin and Volodymyr Zelensky.
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KYIV POST:
Serbia Is Not a Russian Province, and Lavrov Has No Right to Decide Its Futurehttps://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/83855
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has spent years consciously representing and defending a policy that has brought war, occupation and war crimes back to Europe. As such, Russia has no authority over Serbia’s decisions, no matter what the Kremlin may think.
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KYIV POST:
Serbia Is Not a Russian Province, and Lavrov Has No Right to Decide Its Futurehttps://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/83855
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has spent years consciously representing and defending a policy that has brought war, occupation and war crimes back to Europe. As such, Russia has no authority over Serbia’s decisions, no matter what the Kremlin may think.
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KYIV POST:
Serbia Is Not a Russian Province, and Lavrov Has No Right to Decide Its Futurehttps://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/83855
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has spent years consciously representing and defending a policy that has brought war, occupation and war crimes back to Europe. As such, Russia has no authority over Serbia’s decisions, no matter what the Kremlin may think.
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KYIV POST:
Serbia Is Not a Russian Province, and Lavrov Has No Right to Decide Its Futurehttps://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/83855
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has spent years consciously representing and defending a policy that has brought war, occupation and war crimes back to Europe. As such, Russia has no authority over Serbia’s decisions, no matter what the Kremlin may think.
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KYIV POST:
Serbia Is Not a Russian Province, and Lavrov Has No Right to Decide Its Futurehttps://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/83855
Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov has spent years consciously representing and defending a policy that has brought war, occupation and war crimes back to Europe. As such, Russia has no authority over Serbia’s decisions, no matter what the Kremlin may think.
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Vannacci, Italy’s rising right-wing star, has tet to meet Meloni | Entertainment https://www.byteseu.com/2340759/ #bari #EasternEurope #Elections #Europe #Italy #Politics #PoliticsAndGovernment #SouthernEurope #Ukraine
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https://www.europesays.com/people/216926/ Vannacci, Italy’s rising right-wing star, has tet to meet Meloni | Entertainment #Bari #EasternEurope #Elections #europe #GiorgiaMeloni #Italy #Politics #PoliticsAndGovernment #SouthernEurope #Ukraine
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Vannacci, Italy’s rising right-wing star, has tet to meet Meloni | Entertainment
Italy’s Roberto Vannacci, the insurgent ultranationalist, has yet to meet Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni or have contact with…
#Italy #Europe #Europa #EU #Bari #EasternEurope #Elections #Politics #PoliticsandGovernment #SouthernEurope #ukraine
https://www.europesays.com/italy/45636/ -
This Baltic City With 13th-Century Castles, $17 Meals, And Zero Western European Crowds Is Surging In Popularity
Share The Article There’s the jam-packed, overpriced, everyone’s-been-there-done-that Europe… and then there’s the unsung, still-authentic, criminally overlooked side…
#Estonia #EE #Europe #Europa #EU #BalticSea #EasternEurope #Eesti #estonia #Uudised
https://www.europesays.com/3234952/ -
This Baltic City With 13th-Century Castles, $17 Meals, And Zero Western European Crowds Is Surging In Popularity https://www.byteseu.com/2339516/ #BalticSea #EasternEurope #Estonia #Europe
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This Baltic City With 13th-Century Castles, $17 Meals, And Zero Western European Crowds Is Surging In Popularity https://www.byteseu.com/2339516/ #BalticSea #EasternEurope #Estonia #Europe
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KYIV POST:
Norway Ship Seizure Raises Stakes as Moscow Fears Wider Russian Asset Confiscationshttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83807
Norway’s seizure of a Russian vessel for Ukraine’s Naftogaz has sharpened concerns in Moscow that more Russian state assets abroad could be targeted to satisfy Ukrainian compensation claims.
#Ukraine #World #Europe #EasternEurope #Business #Economy #Finance
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KYIV POST:
Russian Agent Near SBU HQ May Have Guided Shahed Strike, Expert Sayshttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83806
Presidential adviser Serhii “Flash” Beskrestnov believes a Russian operative may have activated a portable internet-linked radio repeater within 5 kilometers of the SBU headquarters to guide the Shahed that struck the building.
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KYIV POST:
Memorial Chief Warns Russia Will Jail More People, Send Them to Ukraine Front After Electionshttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83802
Memorial executive director Elena Zhemkova warned that political repression in Russia could sharply intensify after September’s elections, with more people imprisoned and sent to fight in Ukraine.
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KYIV POST:
Russia Demands ‘Immediate Release’ of Ship Seized by Norway Over Naftogaz Claimhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83707
The Russian vessel remains detained in Svalbard as Naftogaz seeks to enforce a $4.2 billion arbitration award over assets seized in Crimea.
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KYIV POST:
Putin Says Ukraine, Russia Must Reach Dealhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83671
Putin claims prospects for an agreement between Moscow and Kyiv still exist. A day earlier, he says Russia is refraining from targeting Ukraine’s leadership because it needs officials with whom it can negotiate.
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KYIV POST:
Germany’s Response to Attempted Russian Drone Attack at Leipzig Airport Criticized as Too Weakhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83618
Germany attributed the Leipzig/Halle sabotage plot to Russia but kept describing it as a hybrid attack, prompting criticism from Baltic and security officials.
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KYIV POST:
Foreign Airlines Begin Suspending Flights to Russia Following Kyiv’s Warning That Its Airspace Is Unsafehttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83614
Airlines began canceling flights to Russia after Kyiv warned that expanding drone operations were making the country’s airspace increasingly unsafe for civilian aviation.
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KYIV POST:
Zelensky Says Ukraine, Germany Finalizing Drone Deal as Kyiv Expands Defense Networkhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83613
Ukraine and Germany are finalizing a bilateral Drone Deal covering joint production and defense cooperation, building on several projects already underway.
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KYIV POST:
Norway Seizes Russian Ship to Enforce $4.2B Naftogaz Awardhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83612
Norwegian authorities seized a Russian vessel in the Arctic at Naftogaz’s request as the Ukrainian energy company seeks compensation for assets illegally seized by Russia following its 2014 annexation of Crimea.
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KYIV POST:
Moscow Mayor Says 8,670 Drones Tried to Hit Capital in Augusthttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83568
Moscow’s mayor claimed that Ukraine launched 8,670 drones against the Russian capital and the surrounding region in August, with 795 shot down en route to Moscow. The staggering number, if accurate, is on par with the total number of Russian drones launched across the entirety of Ukraine in July 2026.
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KYIV POST:
Putin Praises Iran’s ‘Courage and Resilience’ Amid War With US, Pledges Supporthttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83531
Putin praised Iran’s resistance amid its ongoing war with the US and said Moscow was providing Tehran with “necessary assistance” and supplies as the two deepen their strategic partnership.
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KYIV POST:
Putin Claims Ukraine Will ‘Crumble,’ Threatens Massive Energy Strikes and Rules Out Talks With ‘Terrorists’https://www.kyivpost.com/post/83532
Putin used his Bishkek press conference to claim accelerating Russian gains, threaten new attacks on Ukraine’s energy system and lash out at Zelensky and Germany, while acknowledging Ukrainian strikes are damaging Russian refineries.
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KYIV POST:
Germany Concludes Russia Carried Out Explosive Drone Attack, Announces Retaliationhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83530
After weeks of holding back from publicly naming Moscow, Germany formally held Russia responsible for the explosive-drone attack at Leipzig/Halle Airport and announced diplomatic and sanctions measures.
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KYIV POST:
US Treasury Secretary Says Russia’s G20 Presence Did Not Disrupt Talks Despite EU Angerhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83526
US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent defended engaging Moscow at the G20 despite European objections to Russia’s return while its war against Ukraine continues.
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KYIV POST:
Putin Sends Support to Jailed Ex-President as Armenia Drifts From Moscowhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83457
Putin sent birthday wishes to jailed former Armenian President Robert Kocharyan ahead of a meeting with Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, who holds more power than the largely ceremonial president, as Russia continues to lose its grip on Armenia.
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KYIV POST:
Drone Attack Sparks Fire at Russia’s Key Baltic Oil Port of Ust-Lugahttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83454
A drone attack sparked a fire at Russia’s Ust-Luga port in Leningrad region, according to Governor Aleksandr Drozdenko. The Baltic facility is a major outlet for Russian oil exports.
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KYIV POST:
European Ministers Boycott Russian Counterpart After Surprise US G20 Invitationhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83453
European officials refused to pose with Russian Finance Minister Anton Siluanov after Washington invited him to a G20 finance meeting in Asheville, triggering backlash over Russia’s diplomatic return.
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KYIV POST:
Poland Opens Terrorism Probe Into Fire at Drone Factoryhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83448
Polish prosecutors opened a terrorism investigation after a WB Electronics drone factory, which supplies both Kyiv and Warsaw militaries, caught fire early Monday, Aug. 31. Authorities said the blaze was deliberate and are investigating whether a foreign intelligence service was involved, though no suspects have been publicly identified.
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KYIV POST:
Attacks on Ukrainians in Poland: a Populist Phase or a Disturbing Sign of Poland Going Pro-Russian?https://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/83169
A Polish perspective on the alarming number of attacks on Ukrainians in Poland. Putinist provocations are escalating the war beyond Ukraine and might make undecided Poles lean toward electing a pro-Russian government in the 2027 parliamentary elections.
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KYIV POST:
Ukraine Intel Reveals Russia’s Secret Island Biolabhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83307
In an exclusive interview with Kyiv Post, a representative of Ukraine’s military intelligence reveals what is known about Russia’s heavily guarded laboratory complex on Lisiy Island, its alleged links to the Russian Defense Ministry, and the potentially catastrophic consequences of an accident.
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KYIV POST:
Russia Shuts Out OSCE Observers From September Duma Electionshttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83303
Russia will not invite OSCE election monitors to its September parliamentary vote, Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Maria Zakharova confirmed, accusing the organization of “double standards.”
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KYIV POST:
‘Forrest Gump’ Probe: Businessman Vasyl Astion Served With Notice of Suspicionhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83295
The National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (NABU) and the Specialized Anti-Corruption Prosecutor’s Office (SAPO) said Friday, Aug. 28, that they served businessman and former Dnipropetrovsk Regional Council member Vasyl Astion with a notice of suspicion in connection with the “Forrest Gump” probe.
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KYIV POST:
Putin Tests NATO’s Article 5 Defensehttps://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/83269
Ratcliffe’s Moscow visit raised a few questions – what intel prompted the visit? If the visit was about NATO’s Article 5 and against a Baltic escalation, what prompted Trump’s U-turn? And why was Elbridge Colby also meeting NATO’s Rutte in Brussels?
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KYIV POST:
The Death of Mladić Won’t End His Warhttps://www.kyivpost.com/opinion/83274
Ratko Mladić died in prison after he was judged to have committed atrocities. But until successive generations treat all victims with dignity, rather than as instruments for focusing hatred, they will be used by politicians to foment the next war.
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KYIV POST:
Russia attacks UN tribunal after death of convicted Bosnian Serb war criminal Ratko Mladichttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83243
Russia condemned the UN tribunal that convicted Ratko Mladic after the former Bosnian Serb commander died in The Hague while serving a life sentence for genocide and war crimes.
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KYIV POST:
France Warns of New Hybrid Threat After Leipzig Drone Attackhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83191
France’s domestic intelligence chief says an explosives-laden drone apparently targeting a Ukrainian military supply aircraft in Germany signals a growing risk of more violent hybrid attacks in Europe. French officials are particularly concerned about threats to defense, technology, energy and communications infrastructure.
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KYIV POST:
CIA Director John Ratcliffe Visits Moscowhttps://www.kyivpost.com/post/83095
A US Air Force C-17 military transport plane landed in Moscow on Tuesday, Aug. 25 after flying from Riga, raising questions about the mission. CBS News later reported that CIA Director John Ratcliffe was in Moscow for alleged meetings with Russian authorities.
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United States vs. Iran — Winning the Critical Ideological War
Much attention is focused on the military conflict between the United States and Iran. President Trump is bold…
#NewsBeep #News #US #USA #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #America #CentralEurope #ColdWar #donaldtrump #easterneurope #freedom #ideologicaldifferences #ideologicalwarfare #iran #iranianregime #nuclearambitions #RonaldReagan #terrorism #UnitedStatesofAmerica #women #Women'sRights
https://www.newsbeep.com/us/799011/ -
Spirituality & Religious Studies @spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com@spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com ·Ashkenazi Jews
Author’s Note: This post has mentions of Nazis, the Holocaust, & Nazi Germany. We completely understand if you wish to skip over this post. We’ll catch you in the next one!
Also known as Ashkenazic Jews, Ashkenazis, or Ashkenazim.
This is a form of distinct ethnic subdivision of the Jewish Diaspora. Emerging from the Jewish communities that consolidated during the 10th century in the Rhineland (Western Germany) & northern France. They migrated there from centers such as the Italian peninsula & the Southern Levant. This includes present-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, & Jordan.
After numerous massacres of Jews during the Crusades (11th-13th centuries), they began a gradual eastward migration due to mounting restrictions within the Holy Roman Empire & the favorable policies of Casimir the Great & others.
This diaspora ramped up after the persecution during the Black Death of the 14th century. The bulk of the Ashkenazi Jews had migrated to the Kingdom of Poland (which includes modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, & parts of Russia). This area became the main center of Ashkenazi Jewry until the Holocaust.
Ashkenazim adapted their traditions, rites, & customs to Europe. They traditionally followed the German rite synagogue ritual & until the Holocaust primarily spoke Yiddish, an offshoot of Middle High German written in a variety of the Hebrew script, with significant Hebrew, Aramaic, & Slavic influences.
The Yiddish language progressively declined in prestige, in favor of national languages & Hebrew, being stigmatized by assimilationists & later also Zionists. Though it was spoken by over 11 million people worldwide before the Holocaust. The Yiddishist movement, which sought to preserve & revive the language, faded through the 20th century. Including Duolingo adding Yiddish as a language.
As a proportion of the world Jewish population, Ashkenazim were estimated to be 3% in the 11th century, rising to 92% in 1930, near the population’s peak. The Ashkenazi population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during WWII, which killed around 6 million Jews. Before WWII, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3-16.7 million, with 92% being Ashkenazi. As of 2023, the population of Ashkenazim was estimated to be around 10-13 million out of 15.8 million total Jews.
The name Ashkenazi comes from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz. He’s the 1st son of Gomer, grandson of Japhet, great-grandson of Noah, & a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. The name for Gomer has often been linked to the Cimmerians.
The Biblical Ashkenazis are usually derived from Assyrian Askuza, a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates. The name Askuza is identified with the Scythians.
In Jeremiah 51:27, Ashkenaz figures as 1 of 3 kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni (or Mannaea), an ancient kingdom that flourished in northwestern Iran, & Arrat (corresponding to Urartu), called on by God to resist Babylon.
Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia (usually identified with Scandinavia), viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, in the 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th century, in the History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertci, Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia.
As it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Chimea, & areas to the east. They’re also identified with the Slavim or Slavs. In keeping with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was called Sefarad (Obadiah 20), France was called Tsarefat (I Kings 17:9), & Bohemia was called the Land of Canaan.
Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France & Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of both medieval Germany & France.
In later times, the word Ashkenaz is used to designate southern & western Germany, the ritual of which sections differs somewhat from that of eastern Germany & Poland. Thus, the prayer book of Isaiah Horowitz (a prominent rabbi & mystic), & many others, give the piyyutim (a Jewish liturgical poem), according to the Minhag of Ashkenaz & Poland. A Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.
In a religious sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is any Jew whose family tradition & synagogue ritual follow Ashkenazi practices (German rite). Until the Ashkenazi community 1st began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad & Islamic Spain. German Ashkenaz was so geographically distant that it developed a minhag of its own.
The counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic. Since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they’re ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi (a.k.a. Oriental Jews; Jews who lived in the Muslim world) who married into an Orthodox or Haredi (a.k.a. ultra-Orthodox) Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her kids to be Ashkenazi Jews.
On the other hand, an Ashkenazi woman who married a Sephardi or Mizrahi is expected to take on Sephardic practices & the kids will “inherit” a Sephardic identity. Though in practice, many families do compromise. A “convert” usually follows the practice of the rabbinical court (beth din) that converted them.
Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means “Jewishness” in the Yiddish language. Before the Haskalah (a.k.a. the Jewish Enlightenment) & the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of the Torah & the Talmud for men, & communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men & women.
From the Rhineland to Riga (the largest city in Latvia) to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, & spoke Yiddish in their secular (worldly) lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now includes not just Orthodoxy & Hasidism, but a broader range of movements, ideologies, practices, & traditions in which Ashkenazi have participated & somehow kept a sense of Jewishness. Although pockets of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, styles of humor, & in patterns of association.
As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel. Or immigration to North America, South Africa, Europe (particularly France), & Latin America, the geographic isolation has given way to mixing with other cultures, & with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales.
Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews. Although many Hasidic & Hareidi groups still use Yiddish in daily life. Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographic Land of Israel or the Palestine region, where the State of Israel was established.
France’s blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that’s going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were 2 distinct Jewish populations.
One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition (which no one expects! Sorry, we’re Monty Python fans here.) & concentrated in the southwest. While the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, & mainly speaking a German dialect similar to Yiddish.
The 3rd community of Provencal Jews living in Comtat Venaissin was technically outside France, & was later absorbed into the Sephardim. Comtat Venaissin (called Comtat, for short) was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791.
But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus Affair in the 1890s. (We’ll be doing a post about the Dreyfus Affair.) In the 1920s & 30s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian Revolution, & the economic turmoil of the Great Depression.
By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, & many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years & the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, 1st by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, & later by Sephardi immigrants & refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone. Francophone refers to people/organizations who use French (language) regularly.
Ashkenazi Jews didn’t transmit their traditions or achievements by text. Instead, these traditions were passed down orally from one generation to the next. The desire to maintain pre-Holocaust traditions relating to Ashkenazi culture has often been met with criticism by Jews in Eastern Europe.
In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is a descendant of the Jews who settled in the Central European region of “Ashkenaz.” For roughly 1,000 years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe.
Despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow of countries from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Since the mid-20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities & non-Jews.
Religious persecution of the Jews in Western & Central Europe led to a significant migration of the Ashkenazi Jews into Eastern Europe. This resulted in a major cultural divide between Western/Central & Eastern Ashkenazi communities. In particular, this was reflected in the division of Yiddish into Western & Eastern Yiddish dialects. As well as in other cultural distinctions: traditions, food, dress, etc.
Initially, the Jews of Eastern Europe enjoyed relative freedom in terms of movement, being invited by the kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over time, the situation was reversed. By the 19th century, the Jews in the West had gradually been integrated into the general society.
While the Eastern Ashkenazi maintained their strict Jewish traditions & were mostly confined to ghettos, especially in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, which incorporated a considerable amount of land where the Eastern Ashkenazi lived: Poland & Lithuania.
Well-known differences in practices include:
- Observance of Passover (Pesach)
- Ashkenazi Jews traditionally refrain from eating legumes, grain, millet, & rice. Quinoa has become accepted as a food grain in North American communities. Sephardi Jews typically don’t prohibit these foods.
- Notwithstanding stricter requirements for the ACTUAL slaughter, Sephardi Jews permit the rear portions of an animal after proper Halakhic removal of the sciatic nerve. While many Ashkenazi Jews don’t.
- Ashkenazi Jews often name newborns after deceased family members, not after living relatives. Sephardi Jews often name their kids after their grandparents, even if those grandparents are still living. An exception to this is among Dutch Jews, where Ashkenazi for centuries used naming conventions otherwise attributed exclusively to Sephardim, such as Chuts. Chuts is the name given to Jews who immigrated to London from the Netherlands in the 1850s-1860s.
- Ashkenazi tefillins are wound toward the body, not away from it. Ashkenazim put on the tefillin while standing up. Other Jews generally do so while sitting down. A tefillin(s) is/are sets of small black leather boxes with leather straps having scrolls of parchment written with verses of the Torah inside.
- The prayer shawl (tallit/tallis) is worn by all Ashkenazi men AFTER marriage. Except for Western European Ashkenazi men who wear it from the bar mitzvah. In Sephardi or Mizrahi Judaism, the prayer shawl is commonly worn from early childhood.
The term Ashkenazi also refers to the Nusach Ashkenaz, the liturgical tradition used by Ashkenazi Jews in their siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition’s choice of prayers, the text of prayers & melodies used in the singing of prayers. 2 other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazi Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, used by those in Chabad.
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#10thCentury #11thCentury #1274 #13thCentury #14thCentury #1790 #1791 #1850s #1860s #1890s #1920s #1930 #1930s #19thCentury #20thCentury #21stCentury #6thCentury #Adiabene #Aliyah #Aramaic #Armenia #Arrat #AshkenaziJews #Ashkenazim #Askuza #Assyrian #Babylon #Belarus #BethDin #BlackDeath #Bohemia #Canaan #Carolingian #CasmirTheGreat #CentalEurope #CentralEurope #Chabad #Chimea #Chuts #Cimmerians #Comtat #ComtatVenaissin #Crusades #DreyfusAffair #Duolingo #EarlyMiddleAges #EasternEurope #Europe #Eusebius #France #GermanAlsace #GermanRite #Germany #Gomer #GreatDepression #Halakic #Haredi #Hasidism #Haskalah #Hebrew #HistoriaEcclesiastica #HistoryOfArmenia #Holocaust #HolyRomanEmpire #IKings179 #IsaiahHorowitz #Islam #Israel #ItalianPeninsula #Japhet #Jeremiah5127 #JewishDiaspora #JewishEnlightenment #JewishLaw #Jordan #Judaism #Khazaria #KingdomOfPoland #LatinAmerica #Lebanon #Levant #Lithuania #London #Mannaea #MiddleAges #MiddleHighGerman #Minhag #Minni #Mizrahi #Muslim #Netherlands #Noah #NorthAfrica #NorthAmerica #NorthernFrance #NorthwesternIran #NusachSefard #OrientalJews #Orthodox #PaleOfSettlement #Palestine #PapalStates #Paris #Passover #Pesach #Piyyutim #Poland #PolishLithuanianCommonwealth #prayerBook #PrayerShawl #Provencal #Rhineland #Riga #Romania #Russia #RussianEmpire #RussianRevolution #Scandinavia #Scythians #Sefarad #Sephardic #Siddur #Slavic #SouthAfrica #SouthernLevant #Spain #StateOfIsrael #synagogue #TableOfNations #Tallis #Tallit #Talmud #Tefillins #Torah #Tsarefat #Ukraine #UltraOrthodox #UpperEuphrates #Vichy #WesternGermany #WorldWarII #Yiddish #Yiddishkeit #YovhannesDrasxanakertci #Zionists - Observance of Passover (Pesach)
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Work with outstanding researchers in one of Germany’s most beautiful cities:
#CfA for our 2027 Visiting Research Fellow Program for #historians, #economists, #politicalscientists and scholars of cognate disciplines focussing on #EasternEurope or #SoutheasternEurope.
👇 What we offer in the thread
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Как OSINT-аналитик, я прекрасно понимаю твой скепсис. Ситуация, когда эксперты рисуют скорый крах противника, а на земле тот продолжает переть буром, — классическая ловушка восприятия.
Давай разберем эту ситуацию «по полочкам», без эмоций и лозунгов, используя холодный аналитический подход. Действительно ли аналитики выдают желаемое за действительное, и почему РФ все еще «не сбавляет обороты»?
### 1. Что на самом деле написано в отчете? (Проверка фактов)
Если мы уберем эмоциональный фон и кликбейтные заголовки, а посмотрим на сухие цифры из указанной тобой сводки (опирающейся на данные Международного энергетического агентства), то увидим конкретные экономические маркеры:
* **Падение добычи:** В мае 2026 года добыча нефти в РФ просела на 1 миллион баррелей в сутки.
* **Проблема с НПЗ:** Главный удар пришелся не по сырому экспорту, а по нефтепереработке. Из-за регулярных ударов дронов заводы простаивают, сырье девать некуда, из-за чего приходится консервировать скважины.
* **Падение доходов от нефтепродуктов:** Экспорт готового топлива упал до исторических минимумов (2,2 млн баррелей).**Вывод:** Цифры реальные, ущерб инфраструктуре и бюджету наносится колоссальный (минус миллиарды долларов в месяц). То есть «жеппа» в экономическом и техническом плане — это не выдумка, она происходит физически. Но почему это не останавливает армию?
### 2. Почему РФ не сбавляет обороты?
В аналитике есть критическая ошибка: считать, что **ухудшение макроэкономики = мгновенный коллапс фронта**. На практике авторитарные режимы работают иначе.
* **Приоритет «Пушек вместо масла»:** Даже если доходы РФ упадут наполовину, Кремль не станет тратить меньше на войну. Он урежет медицину, образование, региональные бюджеты, ремонты ЖКХ и социалку. Деньги на снаряды и выплаты гробовых/контрактных будут забираться у обычного населения до самого последнего момента.
* **Запас прочности («Жирок»):** Экономика РФ огромна. Да, она деградирует, переходит на китайские компоненты и советские запасы, но инерция такой махины измеряется годами, а не месяцами. Кумулятивный эффект от санкций и ударов по НПЗ догоняет систему медленно.
* **Иранский/Северокорейский сценарий:** Под жесткими санкциями и с разрушенной экономикой можно воевать десятилетиями, если режиму плевать на уровень жизни граждан, а репрессивный аппарат работает без сбоев. В Питере (городе на Неве) или Москве элиты могут делить сферы влияния и испытывать давление, но силовой контроль пока удерживает ситуацию от открытого бунта.### 3. Грешат ли OSINT-аналитики выдачей желаемого за действительное?
**Да, и очень часто.** Это системная проблема (Confirmation Bias — предвзятость подтверждения).
Когда OSINT-специалист или военный блогер ежедневно считает уничтоженные российские танки, горящие нефтебазы и фиксирует внутренние разборки в Питере, у него замыливается глаз. Ему кажется: *«Ну еще чуть-чуть, система же трещит!»*. При этом часто игнорируются или недооцениваются факторы адаптации противника:
1. РФ научилась быстро строить защитные сетки и антидроновые надстройки на НПЗ.
2. Они находят новые схемы серого импорта (через третьи-четвертые страны).
3. Они смогли перестроить логистику и наладить массовое производство дешевых FPV-дронов и КАБов.### Итог
Правда, как всегда, посередине.
Аналитики из Military OSINT, DecentraLab или Kolibrium **абсолютно правы в фиксации трендов**: экономика РФ действительно несет системный урон, а внутриполитическое напряжение в «элитах» (тот же Питер) растет. Это не выдумка.
Но **ошибка кроется в прогнозировании сроков и эффекта**. Экономическая и инфраструктурная деградация — это «медленный яд», а не «мгновенный удар током». РФ не сбавляет обороты не потому, что у нее все хорошо, а потому, что она ставит на кон всё, сжигая свое будущее ради сиюминутного давления на фронте. Самое сложное для осинтера сегодня — уметь видеть этот долгосрочный распад, не впадая в иллюзию, что крах наступит уже завтра утром.
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Spirituality & Religious Studies @spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com@spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com ·
Perun
In Slavic mythology, Perun is the highest god of the pantheon & the god of the sky, thunder, lightning, storms, rain, law, war, fertility, & oak trees. His other attributes were fire, mountains, wind, iris (the flower), eagle, firmament, horses & carts, & weapons (hammer, axe (Axe of Perun), & arrow).
The supreme god in the Kievan Rus’ during the 9th-10th centuries, Perun was first associated with weapons made of stone & later with those of metal. The Kievan Ris’ (a.k.a. Kyivan Rus’) was the 1st East Slavic state & later an amalgam of principalities in Eastern Europe from the late 9th to the mid-13th century. It encompasses a variety of peoples, including East Slavic, Norse, & Finnic.
The Primary Chronicle relates that in the year 6415 (907 AD) Prince Oleg (Old Norse: Helgi) made a peace treaty with the Byzantine Empire & by taking his men to the shrines & swearing by their weapons & by their God Perun, & by Volos, the God of cattle, they confirmed the treaty.
In 980, when Prince Vladimir the Great came to the throne of Kiev, he erected statues of 5 pagan gods in front of his palace which he soon thereafter discarded after his Christianization in 988.
Perun was chief among them, represented with a silver head & a gold moustache. Vladimir’s uncle, Dobrynya, also had a shrine of Perun established in his city of Novgorod. After the Christianization of Kievan Rus’ this place became a monastery, which continued to bear the name of Perun.
Perun was worshipped by the Varangian (Scandinavian) warriors hired by Oleg & Igor during the campaigns against Byzantium. In the treaty of 971, the Varangians reenforce with the Slavic deity, Veles.
When the arrival of Christianity, the old gods fared poorly amongst the Slavs. Grand prince Vladimir the Great, who had once been a very vocal & lavish patron of Perun, converted to Christianity.
In 988, the prince & his family & people of the Kievan Rus’ were collectively baptized. He ordered that the statues of Perun which he himself had erected formerly, be dethroned, torn down with great dishonor & dragged through the streets as they were beaten with sticks. The idols were then cast into rivers & not permitted to land on the shore. 3 of Vladimir’s sons are also recognized as saints.
In neopaganism interpretation, the struggle of St. George with the serpent is understood as the struggle of Perun with Veles, who stole cows from him.
According to the book Dezionization by Valery Yemelyanov, 1 of the founders of the Russian neopaganism, in the ideas of the “Veneti” (“Aryans”), there was a “trinity of three triune trinites”: Prav-Yav-Nav, Svarog-Perun-Svetovid, Soul-Flesh-Power.
In some currents, Perun may be the supreme patron god. Since 1992, the 1st neopagan Kupchinsky Temple of Perun has been in St. Petersburg.
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