#centraleurope — Public Fediverse posts

This Safe European Country With Fairytale Castles, $4 Beers, And Medieval City Centers Is Breaking Tourism Records https://www.byteseu.com/2439242/ #CentralEurope #CzechRepublic #Czechia #EasternEurope #Europe #EuropeanUnion

Searching for nationhood in Slovakia

It is difficult to discern a unifying cultural theme in Trenčín, a midsized Slovakian town with an imposing…
#Slovakia #SK #Europe #Europa #EU #Bratislava #centraleurope #habsburgs #slovakia #Slovensko #Správy #Visegrádgroup
https://www.europesays.com/3295981/

https://www.europesays.com/3295981/ Searching for nationhood in Slovakia #Bratislava #CentralEurope #habsburgs #slovakia #Slovensko #Správy #VisegrádGroup

Searching for nationhood in Slovakia https://www.byteseu.com/2430758/ #bratislava #CentralEurope #Habsburgs #Slovakia #VisegrádGroup

Freedom Was Just the Beginning for Eastern Europe’s Media

After the fall of communism, journalists gained freedoms but faced a harder task: building a profession able to…
#Europe #EU #CentralEurope #communism #EasternEurope #journalists #Media #press #pressfreedom #professionalethics #transition
https://www.europesays.com/europe/148997/

Ez egy ma négy éves képem.
Ez egy kellemes nap emléke, ugyanis itt egy nagyon kedves személy állt mellettem a kép készítésekor, és még mindig hálát érzek azért, hogy megismertem.

#Budapest #Hungary #HungarianParliament #HungarianParliamentBuilding #ParliamentBuilding #BudapestArchitecture #Architecture #ArchitecturePhotography #NeoGothic #GothicRevival #HistoricArchitecture #EuropeanArchitecture #Cityscape #UrbanPhotography #TravelPhotography #VisitBudapest #CentralEurope #CloudySky #photo #photooftheday #travel #trip

Egy ma három éves kép.
Esztergom egyszerűen gyönyörű!
Nem tudok betelni vele!

#Esztergom #Hungary #EsztergomBasilica #Basilica #CastleHill #HungarianHistory #HungarianArchitecture #Architecture #HistoricArchitecture #EuropeanArchitecture #HistoricCity #OldTown #Cityscape #UrbanPhotography #ArchitecturePhotography #TravelPhotography #VisitHungary #ExploreHungary #CentralEurope #Europe #photo #photooftheday #travel #trip

Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic back India’s permanent UNSC bid, eye closer ties

The endorsement comes alongside plans for stronger India-V4 ties in trade, manufacturing, defence and technology Hungary, Poland, Slovakia…
#Slovakia #SK #Europe #Europa #EU #centraleurope #G4 #globalsouth #IndiaUNSecurityCouncil #InternationalCooperation #slovakia #Slovensko #Správy #UNSCreform #v4 #Visegrádgroup
https://www.europesays.com/3265493/

Ez egy ma három éves kép.
Három éve ilyenkor erre keltem.

Napkelte Párkányból Esztergom felé.

#Sunrise #MorningLight #GoldenHour #Esztergom #Sturovo #Parkany #Duna #Danube #DanubeRiver #EsztergomBasilica #Hungary #Slovakia #CentralEurope #Cityscape #LandscapePhotography #SunrisePhotography #TravelPhotography #UrbanLandscape #MorningSky #EuropeanLandscape #landscape #basilica #travel #trip #nature #photo #photooftheday

(Not) Rolling Out the Welcome Mat: Non-EU Migration in the V4 Countries

This article was originally published in Vol. 6 No. 2 of our print editi…
#Economy #21thcentury #anti-migration #centraleurope #crisis #czechrepublic #EconomyofEU #EconomyoftheEU #EU #EUeconomy #Europe #hungary #illegalimmigration #Islam #liberalism #non-EUmigration #poland #Politics #Progressive #slovakia #societaleffects #UkraineWar #V4countries #ViktorOrbán #VisegrádFour #westerneurope
https://www.europesays.com/3261855/

https://www.europesays.com/3261855/ (Not) Rolling Out the Welcome Mat: Non-EU Migration in the V4 Countries #21thCentury #AntiMigration #CentralEurope #crisis #CzechRepublic #Economy #EconomyOfEU #EconomyOfTheEU #EU #EUEconomy #Europe #hungary #IllegalImmigration #Islam #liberalism #NonEUMigration #poland #Politics #Progressive #slovakia #SocietalEffects #UkraineWar #V4Countries #ViktorOrbán #VisegrádFour #WesternEurope

https://www.europesays.com/3261855/ (Not) Rolling Out the Welcome Mat: Non-EU Migration in the V4 Countries #21thCentury #AntiMigration #CentralEurope #crisis #CzechRepublic #Economy #EconomyOfEU #EconomyOfTheEU #EU #EUEconomy #Europe #hungary #IllegalImmigration #Islam #liberalism #NonEUMigration #poland #Politics #Progressive #slovakia #SocietalEffects #UkraineWar #V4Countries #ViktorOrbán #VisegrádFour #WesternEurope

(Not) Rolling Out the Welcome Mat: Non-EU Migration in the V4 Countries https://www.byteseu.com/2382218/ #21thCentury #AntiMigration #CentralEurope #Crisis #CzechRepublic #economy #eu #Europe #Hungary #IllegalImmigration #Islam #Liberalism #NonEUMigration #Poland #Politics #progressive #Slovakia #SocietalEffects #UkraineWar #V4Countries #ViktorOrban #VisegrádFour #WesternEurope

(Not) Rolling Out the Welcome Mat: Non-EU Migration in the V4 Countries

This article was originally published in Vol. 6 No. 2 of our print edition. Introduction ‘W…
#Europe #EU #21thcentury #anti-migration #CentralEurope #Crisis #CzechRepublic #economy #EuropeanUnion #Hungary #IllegalImmigration #Islam #liberalism #non-EUmigration #Poland #Politics #progressive #Slovakia #societaleffects #Ukrainewar #V4countries #ViktorOrbán #VisegrádFour #WesternEurope
https://www.europesays.com/europe/142266/

Még egy kis tihanyi emlék.

#régiidőkudvara

#Tihany #LakeBalaton #Balaton #Hungary #VisitHungary #DiscoverHungary #HungarianCountryside #HungarianHeritage #OldWorldCharm #HistoricPlaces #HistoricArchitecture #TraditionalArchitecture #RusticCharm #RusticStyle #VillageLife #OldVillage #HiddenGems #HiddenPlaces #CharmingPlaces #TimelessPlaces #TravelHungary #ExploreHungary #EuropeanTravel #CentralEurope #TravelPhotography #ArchitecturePhotography #HeritageTravel #SummerInHungary #BeautifulDestinations #Wanderlust #travel #trip #photo #photooftheday

Egy mai évfordulós kép. Négy évvel ezelőttről. :)

Visegrádi fellegvárból kilátár a Dunára.

#Visegrad #VisegradCitadel #Danube #DanubeRiver #DanubeBend #Hungary #VisitHungary #DiscoverHungary #CentralEurope #EuropeTravel #LandscapePhotography #TravelPhotography #NaturePhotography #ScenicView #PanoramicView #RiverView #ViewFromTheTop #BeautifulDestinations #Wanderlust #Cloudscape #travel #trip #nature #photo #photooftheday

Csesznek vára sem maradhatott ki a szerpentinről.

#Csesznek #CsesznekCastle #Hungary #VisitHungary #HungarianCastles #CastleView #MedievalCastle #CastleRuins #Bakony #BakonyMountains #HungarianLandscape #DiscoverHungary #ExploreHungary #TravelHungary #Countryside #LandscapePhotography #TravelPhotography #NaturePhotography #AutumnVibes #AutumnColors #MoodySkies #Cloudscape #ScenicView #HistoricPlaces #HiddenGems #EuropeanCastles #CentralEurope #Wanderlust #RoadTripViews #SerpentineRoad #travel #trip #nature #photo #photooftheday

Természetesen, az apátság sem maradt ki.
A szignifikáns másiknál jobb képek vannak, de jelenleg ez is megteszi.

#Tihany #TihanyAbbey #Hungary #VisitHungary #DiscoverHungary #LakeBalaton #Balaton #HungarianTravel #TravelHungary #ExploreHungary #CentralEurope #EuropeanTravel #TravelEurope #HistoricArchitecture #ChurchArchitecture #SacredArchitecture #HistoricPlaces #CulturalHeritage #ArchitecturalPhotography #TravelPhotography #LandscapePhotography #Cloudscape #BeautifulDestinations #Wanderlust #TravelGram #travel #trip

Csak meg volt a kirándulás is. :)

Tihany szép.

#LakeBalaton #Tihany #Balaton #Hungary #VisitHungary #ExploreHungary #HungarianTravel #EuropeTravel #CentralEurope #TravelHungary #TravelPhotography #LandscapePhotography #NaturePhotography #LakeView #PanoramicView #ScenicView #BeautifulDestinations #TravelGram #Wanderlust #NatureLovers #Lakeside #HilltopView #BlueHorizon #Cloudscape #GreenLandscape #EuropeanGetaway #TravelMoments #PostcardPlaces #DiscoverEurope #SummerInEurope

‘The Harshest Critics of the Elks Used to Be the Elks Themselves!’

This article was originally published in Vol. 6 No. 2 of our…
#Hungary #HU #Europe #Europa #EU #anti-Semitism #Antisemitism #centraleurope #citizenship #conservatives #criticism #democracy #elks #freedomofexpression #germany #hír #hungary #interference #leftists #liberals #Magyarország #media #OrbanGovernment #politicalparties #politicalphilosophy #Politics #press #righttovote #roma #RuleofLaw
https://www.europesays.com/3248939/

‘The Harshest Critics of the Elks Used to Be the Elks Themselves!’ https://www.byteseu.com/2362410/ #AntiSemitism #antisemitism #CentralEurope #citizenship #conservatives #criticism #Democracy #elks #FreedomOfExpression #Germany #Hungary #interference #leftists #liberals #Media #OrbánGovernment #PoliticalParties #PoliticalPhilosophy #Politics #press #RightToVote #Roma #RuleOfLaw

‘The Harshest Critics of the Elks Used to Be the Elks Themselves!’

This article was originally published in Vol. 6 No. 2 of our print edition. In the…
#Germany #DE #Europe #EU #Europa #anti-Semitism #antisemitism #CentralEurope #Citizenship #conservatives #Criticism #Democracy #elks #freedomofexpression #Hungary #interference #leftists #liberals #Media #Orbángovernment #politicalparties #politicalphilosophy #politics #press #righttovote #Roma #RuleofLaw
https://www.europesays.com/germany/90156/

The new Central Europe – New Eastern Europe

Central Europe has become one of the great success stories of the post-1989 transformation. Yet economic convergence, EU…
#Europe #EU #CentralEurope #Czechia #Hungary #Poland #Slovakia #Visegradcountries
https://www.europesays.com/europe/136051/

The story that is still being written

When we published the first issue of New Eastern Europe, we did not start by claiming to know…
#Europe #EU #15years #CentralEurope #EasternEurope #European #NewEasternEurope
https://www.europesays.com/europe/136009/

https://www.europesays.com/people/223631/ V4 Summit in Bratislava – Péter Magyar Speaks on Bilateral Disputes #AndrejBabiš #Bratislava #CentralEurope #EUAccession #EUBudget #PeterMagyar #RobertFico #Slovakia #v4 #VisegrádGroup

https://www.europesays.com/africa/418839/ Egypt, Greece and Cyprus back plans to bring Cypriot gas to Europe #CentralEurope #CYPRUS #Egypt #Eni #Europe #ExportFacilities #greece #KyriakosMitsotakis #LiquefiedNaturalGas #LNGSupply

Lake Balaton (Hungarian: [ˈbɒlɒton] ) is a #freshwater #riftLake in the #Transdanubian region of #Hungary. It is the #largestLake in #CentralEurope, and one of the region's foremost tourist destinations. The #ZalaRiver provides the largest inflow of water to the lake, and the canalized #Sió is the only outflow. The mountainous region of the northern shore is known both for its #historic character and as a major #wineRegion, while the flat southern shore is known for its #resortTowns.

Egypt, Greece and Cyprus back plans to bring Cypriot gas to Europe

Egypt, Greece and Cyprus have renewed their backing for plans to send Cypriot gas to Europe through Egyptian…
#Europe #EU #CentralEurope #Cyprus #Egypt #Eni #exportfacilities #greece #KYRIAKOSMITSOTAKIS #Liquefiednaturalgas #LNGsupply
https://www.europesays.com/europe/134244/

https://www.europesays.com/africa/418022/ Egypt, Greece and Cyprus back plans to bring Cypriot gas to Europe #CentralEurope #CYPRUS #Egypt #Eni #Europe #ExportFacilities #greece #KyriakosMitsotakis #LiquefiedNaturalGas #LNGSupply

Egypt, Greece and Cyprus back plans to bring Cypriot gas to Europe https://www.byteseu.com/2350781/ #CentralEurope #Cyprus #Egypt #Eni #Europe #ExportFacilities #Greece #KyriakosMitsotakis #LiquefiedNaturalGas #LNGSupply

Western Balkans Are Ageing Before They Could Get Rich

Ageing demographics are now a binding constraint on growth, public finance and EU convergence for the region. Demographic…
#Economy #accession #ageing #centraleurope #demographics #EconomyofEU #EconomyoftheEU #enlargement #EUeconomy #Europe #Monténégro #resilience #WesternBalkans
https://www.europesays.com/3241780/

bne IntelliNews – AfD surge in eastern Germany puts Central Europe’s mainstream parties on alert

The far-right Alternative for Germany’s (AfD) sweeping victory in Saxony-Anhalt has triggered a strong response across Central Europe,…
#Europe #EU #AFD #CentralEurope #Farright #Politics
https://www.europesays.com/europe/132703/

Vertical Corridor: New energy gateway from Alexandroupoli to the Western Balkans https://www.byteseu.com/2339468/ #alexandroupoli #CentralEurope #economy #eu #Greece #NorthMacedonia #Serbia #VerticalCorridor #World

Egy kereken négy éves kép.
Egy unalmas, szabad napomon egyszer csak lementem Budapestre és... Ennyi. :)

Nyilván a kép egy album része, de ezt választottam belőle.

#Budapest #Hungary #HungarianParliament #HungarianParliamentBuilding #ParliamentBuilding #BudapestParliament #KossuthSquare #BudapestArchitecture #NeoGothicArchitecture #GothicRevival #ArchitecturePhotography #EuropeanArchitecture #HistoricArchitecture #ArchitecturalDetails #Cityscape #UrbanPhotography #BudapestTravel #HungaryTravel #VisitBudapest #DiscoverBudapest #TravelPhotography #EuropeTravel #CentralEurope #TravelEurope #IconicLandmark #EuropeanLandmarks #BeautifulDestinations #Cloudscape #BlueSky #Wanderlust #travel #trip #photo #photooftheday

Picture this: you're wandering cobblestone streets in Bratislava one moment, then stepping onto the Danube riverbank the next—all within minutes! 🏰 This compact Central European gem lets you tick off Bratislava Castle, the whimsical Blue Church, and that unforgettable UFO observation deck in just one #WeekendGetaway. Plus, it's practically a hop from Vienna, making it the perfect #CentralEurope escape for travelers craving history without the ha...

https://europa.tips/en/bratislava-slovakia-weekend

Ez egy kicsit hosszabb sorozat, aminek szintén a ma tizenhét éves képéből választottam egyet.

#Danube #DanubeRiver #RiverDanube #DanubeNature #RiverBranch #Riverside #RiverLandscape #RiverLife #Waterscape #NaturePhotography #LandscapePhotography #NatureLovers #NaturePerfection #WildNature #GreenNature #RiparianForest #FloodplainForest #Wetlands #WaterReflections #TreeReflections #TranquilNature #PeacefulPlaces #SereneLandscape #HiddenNature #NatureEscape #SummerNature #EuropeanNature #CentralEurope #BeautifulDestinations #ExploreNature #travel #trip #nature #photo #photooftheday

Hajó zsilip másik oldala, ahogy ígértem.

#Cunovo #Slovakia #DanubeRiver #Danube #RiverView #Waterscape #NaturePhotography #LandscapePhotography #SlovakNature #VisitSlovakia #ExploreSlovakia #CentralEurope #Riverside #PeacefulPlaces #CalmWaters #ScenicView #OutdoorPhotography #TravelPhotography #NatureLovers #CloudySky #SummerLandscape #HiddenGem #EuropeanNature #WanderEurope #SereneLandscape #photo #nature #travel #trip

Egy (szerintem) hangulatos kép.
Nyilván telefonnal, pláne automata beállításokkal nem adja vissza, de azért nem volt rossz.

#Cunovo #Slovakia #DanubeRiver #Danube #RiverView #Waterscape #NaturePhotography #LandscapePhotography #SlovakNature #VisitSlovakia #ExploreSlovakia #CentralEurope #Riverside #PeacefulPlaces #CalmWaters #ScenicView #OutdoorPhotography #TravelPhotography #NatureLovers #CloudySky #SummerLandscape #HiddenGem #EuropeanNature #WanderEurope #SereneLandscape #photo #nature #travel #trip

A vegetáció már azért megjelent.

#Cunovo #Slovakia #DanubeRiver #Danube #RiverView #Waterscape #NaturePhotography #LandscapePhotography #SlovakNature #VisitSlovakia #ExploreSlovakia #CentralEurope #Riverside #PeacefulPlaces #CalmWaters #ScenicView #OutdoorPhotography #TravelPhotography #NatureLovers #CloudySky #SummerLandscape #HiddenGem #EuropeanNature #WanderEurope #SereneLandscape #photo #nature #travel #trip

A hajó zsilip felső oldala.
...kicsit később jön majd az alsó, mert elég nagyot kerültem még addig. :)

#Cunovo #Slovakia #DanubeRiver #Danube #RiverView #Waterscape #NaturePhotography #LandscapePhotography #SlovakNature #VisitSlovakia #ExploreSlovakia #CentralEurope #Riverside #PeacefulPlaces #CalmWaters #ScenicView #OutdoorPhotography #TravelPhotography #NatureLovers #CloudySky #SummerLandscape #HiddenGem #EuropeanNature #WanderEurope #SereneLandscape #photo #nature #travel #trip

Ezen az egy zsilipen engedték csak a vizet, ez is igaz. A többi tartotta vissza.

#Cunovo #Slovakia #DanubeRiver #Danube #RiverView #Waterscape #NaturePhotography #LandscapePhotography #SlovakNature #VisitSlovakia #ExploreSlovakia #CentralEurope #Riverside #PeacefulPlaces #CalmWaters #ScenicView #OutdoorPhotography #TravelPhotography #NatureLovers #CloudySky #SummerLandscape #HiddenGem #EuropeanNature #WanderEurope #SereneLandscape #photo #nature #travel #trip

Egy kis séta Dunacúnon (Čunovo, SK).
...itt azért van víz. Igaz, ha felfogják, úgy könnyű. :)

#Cunovo #Slovakia #DanubeRiver #Danube #RiverView #Waterscape #NaturePhotography #LandscapePhotography #SlovakNature #VisitSlovakia #ExploreSlovakia #CentralEurope #Riverside #PeacefulPlaces #CalmWaters #ScenicView #OutdoorPhotography #TravelPhotography #NatureLovers #CloudySky #SummerLandscape #HiddenGem #EuropeanNature #WanderEurope #SereneLandscape

United States vs. Iran — Winning the Critical Ideological War

Much attention is focused on the military conflict between the United States and Iran. President Trump is bold…
#NewsBeep #News #US #USA #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #America #CentralEurope #ColdWar #donaldtrump #easterneurope #freedom #ideologicaldifferences #ideologicalwarfare #iran #iranianregime #nuclearambitions #RonaldReagan #terrorism #UnitedStatesofAmerica #women #Women'sRights
https://www.newsbeep.com/us/799011/

Ashkenazi Jews

Author’s Note: This post has mentions of Nazis, the Holocaust, & Nazi Germany. We completely understand if you wish to skip over this post. We’ll catch you in the next one!

Also known as Ashkenazic Jews, Ashkenazis, or Ashkenazim.

This is a form of distinct ethnic subdivision of the Jewish Diaspora. Emerging from the Jewish communities that consolidated during the 10th century in the Rhineland (Western Germany) & northern France. They migrated there from centers such as the Italian peninsula & the Southern Levant. This includes present-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, & Jordan.

After numerous massacres of Jews during the Crusades (11th-13th centuries), they began a gradual eastward migration due to mounting restrictions within the Holy Roman Empire & the favorable policies of Casimir the Great & others.

This diaspora ramped up after the persecution during the Black Death of the 14th century. The bulk of the Ashkenazi Jews had migrated to the Kingdom of Poland (which includes modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, & parts of Russia). This area became the main center of Ashkenazi Jewry until the Holocaust.

Ashkenazim adapted their traditions, rites, & customs to Europe. They traditionally followed the German rite synagogue ritual & until the Holocaust primarily spoke Yiddish, an offshoot of Middle High German written in a variety of the Hebrew script, with significant Hebrew, Aramaic, & Slavic influences.

The Yiddish language progressively declined in prestige, in favor of national languages & Hebrew, being stigmatized by assimilationists & later also Zionists. Though it was spoken by over 11 million people worldwide before the Holocaust. The Yiddishist movement, which sought to preserve & revive the language, faded through the 20th century. Including Duolingo adding Yiddish as a language.

As a proportion of the world Jewish population, Ashkenazim were estimated to be 3% in the 11th century, rising to 92% in 1930, near the population’s peak. The Ashkenazi population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during WWII, which killed around 6 million Jews. Before WWII, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3-16.7 million, with 92% being Ashkenazi. As of 2023, the population of Ashkenazim was estimated to be around 10-13 million out of 15.8 million total Jews.

The name Ashkenazi comes from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz. He’s the 1st son of Gomer, grandson of Japhet, great-grandson of Noah, & a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. The name for Gomer has often been linked to the Cimmerians.

The Biblical Ashkenazis are usually derived from Assyrian Askuza, a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates. The name Askuza is identified with the Scythians.

In Jeremiah 51:27, Ashkenaz figures as 1 of 3 kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni (or Mannaea), an ancient kingdom that flourished in northwestern Iran, & Arrat (corresponding to Urartu), called on by God to resist Babylon.

Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia (usually identified with Scandinavia), viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, in the 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th century, in the History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertci, Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia.

As it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Chimea, & areas to the east. They’re also identified with the Slavim or Slavs. In keeping with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was called Sefarad (Obadiah 20), France was called Tsarefat (I Kings 17:9), & Bohemia was called the Land of Canaan.

Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France & Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of both medieval Germany & France.

In later times, the word Ashkenaz is used to designate southern & western Germany, the ritual of which sections differs somewhat from that of eastern Germany & Poland. Thus, the prayer book of Isaiah Horowitz (a prominent rabbi & mystic), & many others, give the piyyutim (a Jewish liturgical poem), according to the Minhag of Ashkenaz & Poland. A Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.

In a religious sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is any Jew whose family tradition & synagogue ritual follow Ashkenazi practices (German rite). Until the Ashkenazi community 1st began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad & Islamic Spain. German Ashkenaz was so geographically distant that it developed a minhag of its own.

The counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic. Since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they’re ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi (a.k.a. Oriental Jews; Jews who lived in the Muslim world) who married into an Orthodox or Haredi (a.k.a. ultra-Orthodox) Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her kids to be Ashkenazi Jews.

On the other hand, an Ashkenazi woman who married a Sephardi or Mizrahi is expected to take on Sephardic practices & the kids will “inherit” a Sephardic identity. Though in practice, many families do compromise. A “convert” usually follows the practice of the rabbinical court (beth din) that converted them.

Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means “Jewishness” in the Yiddish language. Before the Haskalah (a.k.a. the Jewish Enlightenment) & the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of the Torah & the Talmud for men, & communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men & women.

From the Rhineland to Riga (the largest city in Latvia) to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, & spoke Yiddish in their secular (worldly) lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now includes not just Orthodoxy & Hasidism, but a broader range of movements, ideologies, practices, & traditions in which Ashkenazi have participated & somehow kept a sense of Jewishness. Although pockets of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, styles of humor, & in patterns of association.

As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel. Or immigration to North America, South Africa, Europe (particularly France), & Latin America, the geographic isolation has given way to mixing with other cultures, & with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales.

Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews. Although many Hasidic & Hareidi groups still use Yiddish in daily life. Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographic Land of Israel or the Palestine region, where the State of Israel was established.

France’s blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that’s going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were 2 distinct Jewish populations.

One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition (which no one expects! Sorry, we’re Monty Python fans here.) & concentrated in the southwest. While the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, & mainly speaking a German dialect similar to Yiddish.

The 3rd community of Provencal Jews living in Comtat Venaissin was technically outside France, & was later absorbed into the Sephardim. Comtat Venaissin (called Comtat, for short) was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791.

But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus Affair in the 1890s. (We’ll be doing a post about the Dreyfus Affair.) In the 1920s & 30s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian Revolution, & the economic turmoil of the Great Depression.

By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, & many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years & the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, 1st by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, & later by Sephardi immigrants & refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone. Francophone refers to people/organizations who use French (language) regularly.

Ashkenazi Jews didn’t transmit their traditions or achievements by text. Instead, these traditions were passed down orally from one generation to the next. The desire to maintain pre-Holocaust traditions relating to Ashkenazi culture has often been met with criticism by Jews in Eastern Europe.

In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is a descendant of the Jews who settled in the Central European region of “Ashkenaz.” For roughly 1,000 years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe.

Despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow of countries from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Since the mid-20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities & non-Jews.

Religious persecution of the Jews in Western & Central Europe led to a significant migration of the Ashkenazi Jews into Eastern Europe. This resulted in a major cultural divide between Western/Central & Eastern Ashkenazi communities. In particular, this was reflected in the division of Yiddish into Western & Eastern Yiddish dialects. As well as in other cultural distinctions: traditions, food, dress, etc.

Initially, the Jews of Eastern Europe enjoyed relative freedom in terms of movement, being invited by the kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over time, the situation was reversed. By the 19th century, the Jews in the West had gradually been integrated into the general society.

While the Eastern Ashkenazi maintained their strict Jewish traditions & were mostly confined to ghettos, especially in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, which incorporated a considerable amount of land where the Eastern Ashkenazi lived: Poland & Lithuania.

Well-known differences in practices include:

• Observance of Passover (Pesach)
  • Ashkenazi Jews traditionally refrain from eating legumes, grain, millet, & rice. Quinoa has become accepted as a food grain in North American communities. Sephardi Jews typically don’t prohibit these foods.
• Notwithstanding stricter requirements for the ACTUAL slaughter, Sephardi Jews permit the rear portions of an animal after proper Halakhic removal of the sciatic nerve. While many Ashkenazi Jews don’t.
• Ashkenazi Jews often name newborns after deceased family members, not after living relatives. Sephardi Jews often name their kids after their grandparents, even if those grandparents are still living. An exception to this is among Dutch Jews, where Ashkenazi for centuries used naming conventions otherwise attributed exclusively to Sephardim, such as Chuts. Chuts is the name given to Jews who immigrated to London from the Netherlands in the 1850s-1860s.
• Ashkenazi tefillins are wound toward the body, not away from it. Ashkenazim put on the tefillin while standing up. Other Jews generally do so while sitting down. A tefillin(s) is/are sets of small black leather boxes with leather straps having scrolls of parchment written with verses of the Torah inside.
• The prayer shawl (tallit/tallis) is worn by all Ashkenazi men AFTER marriage. Except for Western European Ashkenazi men who wear it from the bar mitzvah. In Sephardi or Mizrahi Judaism, the prayer shawl is commonly worn from early childhood.

The term Ashkenazi also refers to the Nusach Ashkenaz, the liturgical tradition used by Ashkenazi Jews in their siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition’s choice of prayers, the text of prayers & melodies used in the singing of prayers. 2 other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazi Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, used by those in Chabad.

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De ha már Balaton és nosztalgia.

Akkor ez egy ma négy éves kép.

Balatonakali.

#Balatonakali #LakeBalaton #Balaton #Hungary #VisitHungary #DiscoverHungary #HungarianSummer #LakeLife #Lakeside #Waterfront #SummerVibes #SunnyDays #BlueSky #CalmWaters #NaturePhotography #LandscapePhotography #TravelPhotography #BeautifulDestinations #EuropeanTravel #CentralEurope #HiddenGem #PeacefulPlaces #RelaxByTheLake #SummerMemories #Wanderlust #Balaton #travel #trip #nature #photo #photooftheday

Phantom Time Hypothesis Theory

This is a theory proposed in 1991 by German historian & publisher Heribert Illig. The hypothesis claims a huge chunk of the Early Middle Ages never happened. According to Illig, we’re not living in the year 2026, but rather around 1729.

It hypothesizes a conspiracy by the Holy Roman Emperor Otto III & Pope Sylvester II to fabricate the Anno Domini dating system retroactively, to place them at the special year 1000, & to rewrite history to legitimize Otto’s claim to the Holy Roman Empire.

Illig believed that this was achieved through the alteration, misrepresentation & forgery of documentary & physical evidence. According to this scenario, the entire Carolingian period, including the figure of Charlemagne, is a hoax with a “phantom time” of 297 years (614-911 AD) added to the Early Middle Ages.

Illig’s claims include:

• Holy Roman Emperor Otto III desperately wanted to reign during the monumental year of 1,000 AD, believing it would solidify his divine right & align with Christian eschatological milestones.
• Pope Sylvester II had the theological authority & administrative reach to help alter the calendar.
• Byzantine Emperor Constantine VII & the Eastern Roman Empire allegedly assisted in fabricating backstories, genealogies, & documents to legitimize the new timeline & secure political alliances.
• There’s a scarcity of archaeological evidence that can be reliably dated to 614-911 AD.
• Radiometry (measuring electromagnetic radiation) & dendrochronology (tree ring dating) are inaccurate dating methods.
• Medieval historians rely too much on (older) written sources.
• The Romanesque architecture in the 10th century Western Europe suggests that the Roman era wasn’t as long as conventionally thought.
• At the time of the intro of the Gregorian Calendar in 1582 AD, there should’ve been a discrepancy of 13 days between the Julian Calendar & the real (or tropical) calendar. When the astronomers & mathematicians needed to be adjusted by only 10 days.

By inventing nearly 3 centuries of history, these rulers could fabricate a glorious, heroic past to legitimize Otto III’s own imperial ambitions. Creating the myth of Charlemagne as the ultimate Christian King. From this, Illig concludes that the AD era had counted roughly 3 centuries that never existed.

Illig based his hypothesis on a few distinct anomalies in the archaeological & textual record:

• The Gregorian Calendar Mathematical Glitch
  • Illig’s primary argument stems from the calendar reform of 1582. When Pope Gregory XIII introduced the Gregorian Calendar to replace the Julian Calendar, the calendar had drifted out of sync with the solar year. The Julian year was slightly too long, drifting by about 1 full day every 128 years. By 1582, the calendar should have drifted by approximately 13 days. However, Pope Gregory’s astronomers only shifted the calendar by 10 days. Illig argued that this 3-day discrepancy mathematically proves that roughly 300 years never actually passed to cause that extra drift.
• The Scarcity of Archaeological Evidence
  • The Early Middle Ages have long been colloquially known as a period of archaeological scarcity, because the period simply didn’t happen. He claimed that the Romanesque architecture of the High Middle Ages seemed to pop up too suddenly. Suggesting it directly followed late Roman architecture without a 300-year gap.
• Forged Documents
  • It’s a well-known fact among medieval historians that the Middle Ages were rife with forged documents, like the famous Donation of Constantine. Illig weaponized this fact, arguing that if so many medieval charters, land grants, & Chronicles were proven fakes. Then the entirety of the era’s documentation could be a coordinated forgery.

Here’s the opposition’s evidence:

• Astronomy Doesn’t Lie
  • Pliny the Elder recorded a solar eclipse in 59 AD.
  • Byzantine emperor/astronomer Heraclius recorded a solar eclipse in 610 AD, right before the “phantom” era.
  • Independent observations from Tang Dynasty China, Islamic astronomers, & Mayan astronomers record celestial events that perfectly match the traditional European timeline. If 300 years were missing, every single eclipse recorded before the 10th century would be misaligned by 3 centuries when calculated backward using modern orbital mechanics. They’re not.
• Dendrochronology (Tree-Ring Dating)
  • Dendrochronology allows scientists to date wooden artifacts & structures with absolute precision by matching the patterns of annual tree growth rings. Organizations like the Hohenheim University in Germany have constructed a continuous, unbroken tree-ring chronology for Central Europe that stretches back over 10,000 years. There’s no “gap” or missing 300 years in the oak trees of Europe. The rings form a continuous timeline straight through the Early Middle Ages.
• Global Interconnectedness
  • For Illig’s theory to work, the conspiracy would have to extend far beyond the Holy Roman Empire & the Papacy. You would have to believe that the Islamic Umayyad & Abbasid Caliphates, the Tang Dynasty in China, the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in Britain, & the Maya civilization in Mesoamerica all colluded to invent 3 centuries of fake leaders, wars, literature, & internal history at the exact time, matching Otto’s fabrications perfectly.

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Ma sem nagyobb a víz, de legalább már szél is van és hullámok.

#LakeBalaton #Balaton #Balatonmariafurdo #Hungary #VisitHungary #TravelHungary #DiscoverHungary #EuropeTravel #CentralEurope #LakeLife #SummerVibes #BeachVibes #SunnyDays #BlueSky #NatureLovers #ScenicViews #BeautifulDestinations #TravelPhotography #LandscapePhotography #Wanderlust #HiddenGem #ExploreMore #VacationMode #Waterfront #SummerEscape #TravelGram #NaturePhotography #AmazingPlaces #BucketListTravel #InstaTravel #travel #trip

A first collection for Germany has landed: https://birdbrainer.app 🙌 Find "Common Birds of Germany (6)" under its flag, or in the Palearctic Ecozone 🌐 #birdbrainerapp #birdbrainer | #birdsoftheworld #birds 🇩🇪 #germany #centraleurope #westerneurope #europe #eurasia

Kicsit kicsi a víz.
Nem baj.

#LakeBalaton #Balaton #Balatonmariafurdo #Hungary #VisitHungary #TravelHungary #DiscoverHungary #EuropeTravel #CentralEurope #LakeLife #SummerVibes #BeachVibes #SunnyDays #BlueSky #NatureLovers #ScenicViews #BeautifulDestinations #TravelPhotography #LandscapePhotography #Wanderlust #HiddenGem #ExploreMore #VacationMode #Waterfront #SummerEscape #TravelGram #NaturePhotography #AmazingPlaces #BucketListTravel #InstaTravel #travel #trip

Úton, útfélen...

#SumegCastle #CastleOfSumeg #Sumeg #Hungary #VisitHungary #ExploreHungary #DiscoverHungary #HungarianCastles #Castle #MedievalCastle #HistoricCastle #HilltopCastle #Fortress #EuropeanCastles #CastlePhotography #HistoryLovers #ArchitecturePhotography #TravelPhotography #LandscapePhotography #EuropeTravel #TravelEurope #CentralEurope #HiddenEurope #DiscoverEurope #BeautifulDestinations #Wanderlust #TravelGram #NaturePhotography #Cloudscape #PhotoOfTheDay #travel #trip

Archaeoethnologica: Archäologische Informationen Nº 48 - 2025

+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2026/06/archaologische-informationen-n-48-2025.html

#Archaeology #Prehistory #Protohistory #MedievalArchaeology #Europe #CentralEurope #Asia #hoards #mesolithic #neolithic #bandceramicculture #waters #MaterialCulture #journal #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: Archäologische Informationen Nº 48 - 2025

+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2026/06/archaologische-informationen-n-48-2025.html

#Archaeology #Prehistory #Protohistory #MedievalArchaeology #Europe #CentralEurope #Asia #hoards #mesolithic #neolithic #bandceramicculture #waters #MaterialCulture #journal #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: Archäologische Informationen Nº 48 - 2025

+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2026/06/archaologische-informationen-n-48-2025.html

#Archaeology #Prehistory #Protohistory #MedievalArchaeology #Europe #CentralEurope #Asia #hoards #mesolithic #neolithic #bandceramicculture #waters #MaterialCulture #journal #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: Archäologische Informationen Nº 48 - 2025

+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2026/06/archaologische-informationen-n-48-2025.html

#Archaeology #Prehistory #Protohistory #MedievalArchaeology #Europe #CentralEurope #Asia #hoards #mesolithic #neolithic #bandceramicculture #waters #MaterialCulture #journal #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: Archäologische Informationen Nº 48 - 2025

+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2026/06/archaologische-informationen-n-48-2025.html

#Archaeology #Prehistory #Protohistory #MedievalArchaeology #Europe #CentralEurope #Asia #hoards #mesolithic #neolithic #bandceramicculture #waters #MaterialCulture #journal #openaccess