#caesar — Public Fediverse posts

Artillerie : L’armée arménienne a reçu ses premiers CAESAr

https://web.brid.gy/r/https://www.opex360.com/2026/05/11/artillerie-larmee-armenienne-a-recu-ses-premiers-caesar/

Wie verrückt sind Trump und Co?: Cäsarenwahn in Washington https://taz.de/Wie-verrueckt-sind-Trump-und-Co/!6177175

Lesenswert!

… Der bösartige Narzissmus eines Menschen ist eindeutig daran zu erkennen, dass er die Personen, die sein grandioses Selbstbild infrage stellen, konsequent und gnadenlos entwürdigt und sie geradezu suchtartig mit Schadenfreude überschüttet…

#Trump #Musk #Putin #caesar #Caligula

This is way outside my usual wheelhouse. It's a food review.

So, #Loblaw and its umpteen variants and brandings have a new series of President's Choice potato chip flavours. It's called the "Canadian Series" in their "World of Flavours". Trying to cash in on the newfound Canadian patriotism, I guess.

I don't remember all the flavours. There's poutine, of course, though I haven't bought that one.

There's "Halifax Donair", which I did try. Was not impressed. Kind of a mystery meat-ish base flavour with some not-too-specific seasonings on top. I really like donairs, but this didn't remind me of it very much.

The other one I bought was "Spicy Caesar". I like the cocktail, but I was worried that this one would end up tasting like ketchup chips (which I dislike) with a bit of something else added. I was pleasantly surprised; it doesn't taste of ketchup chips. The tomato tastes like actual tomato juice. Presumably there's a note of clam in there, though it's too subtle for me to pick up. There's definitely some celery salt (or at least celery root) flavour. And there's a little spice kick to it, like tabasco (and maybe worchestershire). Surprisingly good!

So, cocktail-flavoured potato chips: works, at least for this cocktail.

#PresidentsChoice #PotatoChips #crisps #Caesar #SpicyCaesar #cocktail #review #food #donair

PLP398_1: Infamous Fiddler #art #MastoArt #DigitalArt #DigitalPainting #Photoshop #Sketch #SpeedPaint #Fantasy #Surreal #Animal #Crab #Rome #Fire #Caesar

I believe the #unitedstates is the largest threat to world #democracy today. Larger than #Russia, #China, #NorthKorea and #Iran combined... because it enjoys something that a world empire needs, but these countries lack: consent. From #Zelensky's "#Donnyland", to Trump's personality cult in #Israel, to #Rutte self humiliations, to #Machado giving her #Nobel prize away, world leaders have become "de facto" imperial governors for the #US. While #Trump prepares a mint for his own #Caesar-style coin, chances are high that future US despots will demand no less a global ego worship, thus single handedly reversing the political #enlightenment as historical process. The priority of all educated peoples should be in not allowing this decline into roman style despotism to advance any further.

Good morning. 🌿🍂🍁

11 April 2026

I had an electrician come out and replace the light fixture in the small garage where I keep my motorcycle and mower. It cost a hefty sum to have a pro do it, but at least I know the job was done correctly. Sure, I could’ve done it myself for a lot cheaper, but I didn’t want to. Besides, it would’ve taken me hours to figure it all out and get‑’er‑done.

The electrician and his apprentice were in and out more‑ricky‑tic. They swapped my old fluorescent fixture for an LED unit that looks almost identical in size and shape, just a whole different technology under the hood.

You can’t always depend on the outside of something — or the name of something — to tell you what it really is or what it really does. My new light looks like a fluorescent, but it isn’t.

I sometimes think of the Roman dynasties the same way. Many emperors carried the name “Caesar,” starting with Julius Caesar, then Caesar Augustus, then Caesar Romero, and so on down the line.

Okay, you got me — Caesar Romero wasn’t next in line after Augustus. That was Caesar Tiberius. Romero was a Caesar, but only because it was his first name. He was a 20th‑century actor, famous for a lot of roles but especially the Joker on the old ’60s Batman series — not a 1st‑century Roman ruler. I know you knew that, especially if you were around in the ’60s. If not, and your Western Civ history is a little rusty, maybe he sounded like just another Caesar.

Let’s face it: there are folks out there who’d believe me if I said Caesar Romero was the first man to step out of the Orion spacecraft yesterday. We only know what we know — and we don’t know what we don’t know.

“All that glisters is not gold.” - Shakespeare

The only true wisdom is knowing you know nothing. - Socrates

“Common sense is not so common.”
- Voltaire

photo #photography #photographer #photographylovers #nature #autumn #foliage #morning #electrician #caesar #history

https://www.europesays.com/iran/61051/ Syrian defector ‘Caesar’ says govt rehabilitating ‘Assadists’ #AssadRegime #Caesar #Detainees #EnforcedDisappearance #PostAssadSyria #Syria #SyrianPrisons

Europe’s Anti-Civilizational Drive: Why And How

Silly anti-civilizational propaganda claims that tariffs and blockade could persuade a death cult like the Shia to suddenly turn reasonable and friendly to democracy. Seducing the Shia was tried for 47 years, and by the best and brightest, and it did not work: there were bombs in Paris (the French president then prevented the media from saying the bombing plots originated in Iran), hundreds of French and US troops were killed in mass bombings (1983), etc. Iran financed massively terrrorist groups in Lebanon, Gaza, Yemen, Iraq, etc. And harbors Al Qaeda…

The Shia’s obsession is to surprise the West with nuclear 9/11s, and, after nuclear bombings some cities in the West, they would be elated to die as martyrs: the religion the Shia believe in, a hard core variant of Islam, tells them that killing all the Jews and dying as martyrs fighting for their God are the highest calling.

Bombing the Shia into the Stone Age is entirely feasible, safe and effective to prevent them from committing mass murder with nuclear weapons.

Aerial bombing was even done to Nazi Germany, and destroyed it as a functioning country… Although at the time, bombs were extremely inaccurate.

With the Shia, there is no alternative. The aim is not to destroy the missiles outright because they are the pretext for extending the bombing campaign until the true objectives are achieved.

The real aim of the bombing campaign is to destroy the Shia Defense Industrial Base. And if that is not enough to persuade them, then the DIL, Dual Industrial Base (not just the defense factories and steel mills, but also the power infrastructure).

This is also a warning to Chinese dictator Xi to stop his aggression in the South China Sea and threats against Taiwan. 

The sweet and soft method was tried by Obama with the Shia. Obama even gave them 50 billion dollars. It did not work. The Shia went on with a massive, state of the art, nuclear war preparation program.

The Shia even developed some weapons no other power has. And those weapons work: consider the destruction of that AWACS E3 plane on a distant taxiway (localized by Putin’s forces), or the double tap (second projectile in the hole made by the first) at the US embassy in Riyadh.

As with Shia ally Putin, only ultimate strength works.. This is more of a world war than anything else.

European leadership, which was pro-Putin for 23 years, is now showing its true color: betraying the civilizational heritage so that the greedsters presently in power can stay so indefinitely.

So far, in the last three decades, European leadership has betrayed Europe. Now European leadership insists on betraying the USA. It will not have any luck, because that would require too much of an assault against rationality. But the plutocratic propagandists are trying.

In the latest news from France the anti-civilizational government is putting professional anthropologists, philosophers (Michel Onfray), C News (French most watched media), and Charles Darwin on trial (for saying man was a great ape), while loudly propagandizing for… Islam (a reference to interior minister Nunez declarations in April 2026 which were as explicit as possible).

One may wonder how come the European leadership became so keen on devolution. The answer is simple: Europe was defeated in the Second World War, by the USA and its proxy, the USSR (to whom half of Europe was given at Yalta before going to make a deal with the Saudis at the Great Bitter Lake in Egypt).

A defeatist mentality was installed in Europe to make this submission easier and more permanent (The Absurd, so-called “Existentialism”, Pedocriminality, so-called French Theory). European plutocracy thrived under the US Plutocratic Deep State.

Then came Putin, who extracted wealth from Russia, sending it to European plutocratic oligarchic colleagues, and providing energy (energy procurement was outlawed or discouraged in Europe, to accelerate deindustrialization). 

An anecdotal demonstration of this: even after Putin started to invade Ukraine in 2014, France sent crucial military equipment for the Russian air force, missile and aircraft (while Trump was sending Javelin anti-tank missiles to Ukraine…)

The European elite has been used to living with Putin, welcoming his money, oil and gas, and hiding it in plain sight. Now they have a problem, because Ukraine, flush initially with US weapons (initially sent by Trump I), resisted Putin. The treacherous European leadership has now to do as if they resisted Putin: appearances are everything.

Meanwhile the European left realized that more and more of the electorate had enough with their masquerade (superficial socialism over-taxing the middle class while profiting the hyper wealthy). So they made an alliance with (pseudo-) Greens and Islamists. And here we are.

Deindustrialization is nothing new: the Roman Republic died that way. Right, it was mostly agriculture, but there was great replacement of Roman independent little farmers, the backbone of Rome, by giant agribusinesses manned by armies of slaves (one latifundia could have ten thousand slaves). That broke the back of the Roman middle class, which was the spine of the Republic. It was also a conspiracy and a plot, because, starting with Tiberius Gracchus, the full theory of what was going on was exposed. And there was deliberate will, on the part of the self-described “Optimates” (they were “optimal”) to destroy the middle class and the Centuriate Assembly (Rome’s direct democracy voting assembly). Actually the rage of the Senate against Caesar was caused by him overriding the Senate (where the Optimates ruled) to go directly to the Assembly when he was Consul in 59 BCE, and do what the Gracchi and their thousands of followers, over generations, could not do: redistribution of land.

Rome died of the deindustrialization. First the army got professional, then took power after horrendous civil wars. Then the decimated population got replaced by more placid middle easterners. In the end much of everything Roman collapsed and the Barbarians took over (fortunately the Franks had been prepared as a second foundation of Rome; yes they were armed farmers, like the original Rome, and they had learned to speak Latin).

The plutocrats though were happy: many of them stayed in power for centuries, even millennia. In the present Europe, many families in power have been that way for centuries. Paradoxically that system installed in its latest version by the USA after 1945, has now turned against the US, which needs an ally and discovers that Europe has LOST AGENCY.

Stay tuned, this is only beginning…

Patrice Ayme

Europe’s Anti-Civilizational Drive: Why And How

Silly anti-civilizational propaganda claims that tariffs and blockade could persuade a death cult like the Shia to suddenly turn reasonable and friendly to democracy. Seducing the Shia was tried for 47 years, and by the best and brightest, and it did not work: there were bombs in Paris (the French president then prevented the media from saying the bombing plots originated in Iran), hundreds of French and US troops were killed in mass bombings (1983), etc. Iran financed massively terrrorist groups in Lebanon, Gaza, Yemen, Iraq, etc. And harbors Al Qaeda…

The Shia’s obsession is to surprise the West with nuclear 9/11s, and, after nuclear bombings some cities in the West, they would be elated to die as martyrs: the religion the Shia believe in, a hard core variant of Islam, tells them that killing all the Jews and dying as martyrs fighting for their God are the highest calling.

Bombing the Shia into the Stone Age is entirely feasible, safe and effective to prevent them from committing mass murder with nuclear weapons.

Aerial bombing was even done to Nazi Germany, and destroyed it as a functioning country… Although at the time, bombs were extremely inaccurate.

With the Shia, there is no alternative. The aim is not to destroy the missiles outright because they are the pretext for extending the bombing campaign until the true objectives are achieved.

The real aim of the bombing campaign is to destroy the Shia Defense Industrial Base. And if that is not enough to persuade them, then the DIL, Dual Industrial Base (not just the defense factories and steel mills, but also the power infrastructure).

This is also a warning to Chinese dictator Xi to stop his aggression in the South China Sea and threats against Taiwan. 

The sweet and soft method was tried by Obama with the Shia. Obama even gave them 50 billion dollars. It did not work. The Shia went on with a massive, state of the art, nuclear war preparation program.

The Shia even developed some weapons no other power has. And those weapons work: consider the destruction of that AWACS E3 plane on a distant taxiway (localized by Putin’s forces), or the double tap (second projectile in the hole made by the first) at the US embassy in Riyadh.

As with Shia ally Putin, only ultimate strength works.. This is more of a world war than anything else.

European leadership, which was pro-Putin for 23 years, is now showing its true color: betraying the civilizational heritage so that the greedsters presently in power can stay so indefinitely.

So far, in the last three decades, European leadership has betrayed Europe. Now European leadership insists on betraying the USA. It will not have any luck, because that would require too much of an assault against rationality. But the plutocratic propagandists are trying.

In the latest news from France the anti-civilizational government is putting professional anthropologists, philosophers (Michel Onfray), C News (French most watched media), and Charles Darwin on trial (for saying man was a great ape), while loudly propagandizing for… Islam (a reference to interior minister Nunez declarations in April 2026 which were as explicit as possible).

One may wonder how come the European leadership became so keen on devolution. The answer is simple: Europe was defeated in the Second World War, by the USA and its proxy, the USSR (to whom half of Europe was given at Yalta before going to make a deal with the Saudis at the Great Bitter Lake in Egypt).

A defeatist mentality was installed in Europe to make this submission easier and more permanent (The Absurd, so-called “Existentialism”, Pedocriminality, so-called French Theory). European plutocracy thrived under the US Plutocratic Deep State.

Then came Putin, who extracted wealth from Russia, sending it to European plutocratic oligarchic colleagues, and providing energy (energy procurement was outlawed or discouraged in Europe, to accelerate deindustrialization). 

An anecdotal demonstration of this: even after Putin started to invade Ukraine in 2014, France sent crucial military equipment for the Russian air force, missile and aircraft (while Trump was sending Javelin anti-tank missiles to Ukraine…)

The European elite has been used to living with Putin, welcoming his money, oil and gas, and hiding it in plain sight. Now they have a problem, because Ukraine, flush initially with US weapons (initially sent by Trump I), resisted Putin. The treacherous European leadership has now to do as if they resisted Putin: appearances are everything.

Meanwhile the European left realized that more and more of the electorate had enough with their masquerade (superficial socialism over-taxing the middle class while profiting the hyper wealthy). So they made an alliance with (pseudo-) Greens and Islamists. And here we are.

Deindustrialization is nothing new: the Roman Republic died that way. Right, it was mostly agriculture, but there was great replacement of Roman independent little farmers, the backbone of Rome, by giant agribusinesses manned by armies of slaves (one latifundia could have ten thousand slaves). That broke the back of the Roman middle class, which was the spine of the Republic. It was also a conspiracy and a plot, because, starting with Tiberius Gracchus, the full theory of what was going on was exposed. And there was deliberate will, on the part of the self-described “Optimates” (they were “optimal”) to destroy the middle class and the Centuriate Assembly (Rome’s direct democracy voting assembly). Actually the rage of the Senate against Caesar was caused by him overriding the Senate (where the Optimates ruled) to go directly to the Assembly when he was Consul in 59 BCE, and do what the Gracchi and their thousands of followers, over generations, could not do: redistribution of land.

Rome died of the deindustrialization. First the army got professional, then took power after horrendous civil wars. Then the decimated population got replaced by more placid middle easterners. In the end much of everything Roman collapsed and the Barbarians took over (fortunately the Franks had been prepared as a second foundation of Rome; yes they were armed farmers, like the original Rome, and they had learned to speak Latin).

The plutocrats though were happy: many of them stayed in power for centuries, even millennia. In the present Europe, many families in power have been that way for centuries. Paradoxically that system installed in its latest version by the USA after 1945, has now turned against the US, which needs an ally and discovers that Europe has LOST AGENCY.

Stay tuned, this is only beginning…

Patrice Ayme

Europe’s Anti-Civilizational Drive: Why And How

Silly anti-civilizational propaganda claims that tariffs and blockade could persuade a death cult like the Shia to suddenly turn reasonable and friendly to democracy. Seducing the Shia was tried for 47 years, and by the best and brightest, and it did not work: there were bombs in Paris (the French president then prevented the media from saying the bombing plots originated in Iran), hundreds of French and US troops were killed in mass bombings (1983), etc. Iran financed massively terrrorist groups in Lebanon, Gaza, Yemen, Iraq, etc. And harbors Al Qaeda…

The Shia’s obsession is to surprise the West with nuclear 9/11s, and, after nuclear bombings some cities in the West, they would be elated to die as martyrs: the religion the Shia believe in, a hard core variant of Islam, tells them that killing all the Jews and dying as martyrs fighting for their God are the highest calling.

Bombing the Shia into the Stone Age is entirely feasible, safe and effective to prevent them from committing mass murder with nuclear weapons.

Aerial bombing was even done to Nazi Germany, and destroyed it as a functioning country… Although at the time, bombs were extremely inaccurate.

With the Shia, there is no alternative. The aim is not to destroy the missiles outright because they are the pretext for extending the bombing campaign until the true objectives are achieved.

The real aim of the bombing campaign is to destroy the Shia Defense Industrial Base. And if that is not enough to persuade them, then the DIL, Dual Industrial Base (not just the defense factories and steel mills, but also the power infrastructure).

This is also a warning to Chinese dictator Xi to stop his aggression in the South China Sea and threats against Taiwan. 

The sweet and soft method was tried by Obama with the Shia. Obama even gave them 50 billion dollars. It did not work. The Shia went on with a massive, state of the art, nuclear war preparation program.

The Shia even developed some weapons no other power has. And those weapons work: consider the destruction of that AWACS E3 plane on a distant taxiway (localized by Putin’s forces), or the double tap (second projectile in the hole made by the first) at the US embassy in Riyadh.

As with Shia ally Putin, only ultimate strength works.. This is more of a world war than anything else.

European leadership, which was pro-Putin for 23 years, is now showing its true color: betraying the civilizational heritage so that the greedsters presently in power can stay so indefinitely.

So far, in the last three decades, European leadership has betrayed Europe. Now European leadership insists on betraying the USA. It will not have any luck, because that would require too much of an assault against rationality. But the plutocratic propagandists are trying.

In the latest news from France the anti-civilizational government is putting professional anthropologists, philosophers (Michel Onfray), C News (French most watched media), and Charles Darwin on trial (for saying man was a great ape), while loudly propagandizing for… Islam (a reference to interior minister Nunez declarations in April 2026 which were as explicit as possible).

One may wonder how come the European leadership became so keen on devolution. The answer is simple: Europe was defeated in the Second World War, by the USA and its proxy, the USSR (to whom half of Europe was given at Yalta before going to make a deal with the Saudis at the Great Bitter Lake in Egypt).

A defeatist mentality was installed in Europe to make this submission easier and more permanent (The Absurd, so-called “Existentialism”, Pedocriminality, so-called French Theory). European plutocracy thrived under the US Plutocratic Deep State.

Then came Putin, who extracted wealth from Russia, sending it to European plutocratic oligarchic colleagues, and providing energy (energy procurement was outlawed or discouraged in Europe, to accelerate deindustrialization). 

An anecdotal demonstration of this: even after Putin started to invade Ukraine in 2014, France sent crucial military equipment for the Russian air force, missile and aircraft (while Trump was sending Javelin anti-tank missiles to Ukraine…)

The European elite has been used to living with Putin, welcoming his money, oil and gas, and hiding it in plain sight. Now they have a problem, because Ukraine, flush initially with US weapons (initially sent by Trump I), resisted Putin. The treacherous European leadership has now to do as if they resisted Putin: appearances are everything.

Meanwhile the European left realized that more and more of the electorate had enough with their masquerade (superficial socialism over-taxing the middle class while profiting the hyper wealthy). So they made an alliance with (pseudo-) Greens and Islamists. And here we are.

Deindustrialization is nothing new: the Roman Republic died that way. Right, it was mostly agriculture, but there was great replacement of Roman independent little farmers, the backbone of Rome, by giant agribusinesses manned by armies of slaves (one latifundia could have ten thousand slaves). That broke the back of the Roman middle class, which was the spine of the Republic. It was also a conspiracy and a plot, because, starting with Tiberius Gracchus, the full theory of what was going on was exposed. And there was deliberate will, on the part of the self-described “Optimates” (they were “optimal”) to destroy the middle class and the Centuriate Assembly (Rome’s direct democracy voting assembly). Actually the rage of the Senate against Caesar was caused by him overriding the Senate (where the Optimates ruled) to go directly to the Assembly when he was Consul in 59 BCE, and do what the Gracchi and their thousands of followers, over generations, could not do: redistribution of land.

Rome died of the deindustrialization. First the army got professional, then took power after horrendous civil wars. Then the decimated population got replaced by more placid middle easterners. In the end much of everything Roman collapsed and the Barbarians took over (fortunately the Franks had been prepared as a second foundation of Rome; yes they were armed farmers, like the original Rome, and they had learned to speak Latin).

The plutocrats though were happy: many of them stayed in power for centuries, even millennia. In the present Europe, many families in power have been that way for centuries. Paradoxically that system installed in its latest version by the USA after 1945, has now turned against the US, which needs an ally and discovers that Europe has LOST AGENCY.

Stay tuned, this is only beginning…

Patrice Ayme

Europe’s Anti-Civilizational Drive: Why And How

Silly anti-civilizational propaganda claims that tariffs and blockade could persuade a death cult like the Shia to suddenly turn reasonable and friendly to democracy. Seducing the Shia was tried for 47 years, and by the best and brightest, and it did not work: there were bombs in Paris (the French president then prevented the media from saying the bombing plots originated in Iran), hundreds of French and US troops were killed in mass bombings (1983), etc. Iran financed massively terrrorist groups in Lebanon, Gaza, Yemen, Iraq, etc. And harbors Al Qaeda…

The Shia’s obsession is to surprise the West with nuclear 9/11s, and, after nuclear bombings some cities in the West, they would be elated to die as martyrs: the religion the Shia believe in, a hard core variant of Islam, tells them that killing all the Jews and dying as martyrs fighting for their God are the highest calling.

Bombing the Shia into the Stone Age is entirely feasible, safe and effective to prevent them from committing mass murder with nuclear weapons.

Aerial bombing was even done to Nazi Germany, and destroyed it as a functioning country… Although at the time, bombs were extremely inaccurate.

With the Shia, there is no alternative. The aim is not to destroy the missiles outright because they are the pretext for extending the bombing campaign until the true objectives are achieved.

The real aim of the bombing campaign is to destroy the Shia Defense Industrial Base. And if that is not enough to persuade them, then the DIL, Dual Industrial Base (not just the defense factories and steel mills, but also the power infrastructure).

This is also a warning to Chinese dictator Xi to stop his aggression in the South China Sea and threats against Taiwan. 

The sweet and soft method was tried by Obama with the Shia. Obama even gave them 50 billion dollars. It did not work. The Shia went on with a massive, state of the art, nuclear war preparation program.

The Shia even developed some weapons no other power has. And those weapons work: consider the destruction of that AWACS E3 plane on a distant taxiway (localized by Putin’s forces), or the double tap (second projectile in the hole made by the first) at the US embassy in Riyadh.

As with Shia ally Putin, only ultimate strength works.. This is more of a world war than anything else.

European leadership, which was pro-Putin for 23 years, is now showing its true color: betraying the civilizational heritage so that the greedsters presently in power can stay so indefinitely.

So far, in the last three decades, European leadership has betrayed Europe. Now European leadership insists on betraying the USA. It will not have any luck, because that would require too much of an assault against rationality. But the plutocratic propagandists are trying.

In the latest news from France the anti-civilizational government is putting professional anthropologists, philosophers (Michel Onfray), C News (French most watched media), and Charles Darwin on trial (for saying man was a great ape), while loudly propagandizing for… Islam (a reference to interior minister Nunez declarations in April 2026 which were as explicit as possible).

One may wonder how come the European leadership became so keen on devolution. The answer is simple: Europe was defeated in the Second World War, by the USA and its proxy, the USSR (to whom half of Europe was given at Yalta before going to make a deal with the Saudis at the Great Bitter Lake in Egypt).

A defeatist mentality was installed in Europe to make this submission easier and more permanent (The Absurd, so-called “Existentialism”, Pedocriminality, so-called French Theory). European plutocracy thrived under the US Plutocratic Deep State.

Then came Putin, who extracted wealth from Russia, sending it to European plutocratic oligarchic colleagues, and providing energy (energy procurement was outlawed or discouraged in Europe, to accelerate deindustrialization). 

An anecdotal demonstration of this: even after Putin started to invade Ukraine in 2014, France sent crucial military equipment for the Russian air force, missile and aircraft (while Trump was sending Javelin anti-tank missiles to Ukraine…)

The European elite has been used to living with Putin, welcoming his money, oil and gas, and hiding it in plain sight. Now they have a problem, because Ukraine, flush initially with US weapons (initially sent by Trump I), resisted Putin. The treacherous European leadership has now to do as if they resisted Putin: appearances are everything.

Meanwhile the European left realized that more and more of the electorate had enough with their masquerade (superficial socialism over-taxing the middle class while profiting the hyper wealthy). So they made an alliance with (pseudo-) Greens and Islamists. And here we are.

Deindustrialization is nothing new: the Roman Republic died that way. Right, it was mostly agriculture, but there was great replacement of Roman independent little farmers, the backbone of Rome, by giant agribusinesses manned by armies of slaves (one latifundia could have ten thousand slaves). That broke the back of the Roman middle class, which was the spine of the Republic. It was also a conspiracy and a plot, because, starting with Tiberius Gracchus, the full theory of what was going on was exposed. And there was deliberate will, on the part of the self-described “Optimates” (they were “optimal”) to destroy the middle class and the Centuriate Assembly (Rome’s direct democracy voting assembly). Actually the rage of the Senate against Caesar was caused by him overriding the Senate (where the Optimates ruled) to go directly to the Assembly when he was Consul in 59 BCE, and do what the Gracchi and their thousands of followers, over generations, could not do: redistribution of land.

Rome died of the deindustrialization. First the army got professional, then took power after horrendous civil wars. Then the decimated population got replaced by more placid middle easterners. In the end much of everything Roman collapsed and the Barbarians took over (fortunately the Franks had been prepared as a second foundation of Rome; yes they were armed farmers, like the original Rome, and they had learned to speak Latin).

The plutocrats though were happy: many of them stayed in power for centuries, even millennia. In the present Europe, many families in power have been that way for centuries. Paradoxically that system installed in its latest version by the USA after 1945, has now turned against the US, which needs an ally and discovers that Europe has LOST AGENCY.

Stay tuned, this is only beginning…

Patrice Ayme

Meet the Caesars: https://proseandpassion.blogspot.com/2026/04/lives-of-caesars.html

#familyHistory #churchHistory #Reformation #lutheran #clergymen #clergy #Germany #Sponheim #Caesar

Wrap that broke the Toronto internet will soon be available again for a very short time

The summer 2025 Toronto chicken Caesar salad wrap wars may seem like a fever dream to some, but…
#NewsBeep #News #Toronto #CA #Caesar #Canada #chicken #toronto #wrap
https://www.newsbeep.com/ca/526103/

Cóctel de la semana: Bloody Caesar de Chet – récipe | Cócteles #Bloody #Caesar #Chet #cóctel #Cócteles #receta #semana #ButterWord #Spanish_News Comenta tu opinión 👇
https://butterword.com/coctel-de-la-semana-bloody-caesar-de-chet-recipe-cocteles/?feed_id=72481&_unique_id=69aadd459deaf

https://www.europesays.com/ie/363858/ Quote of the day by George Bernard Shaw: ‘Success does not consist in never making mistakes but in never making the same one a second time’ – Life lesson from playwright who failed in early career but became a Nobel Prize laureate #AnAcademyAward #Caesar #Éire #Entertainment #FabianSociety #GeorgeBernardShaw #IE #Ireland #SaintJoan #shakespeare #shaw #StrugglesBorn #success

Beware the March ides
January's frigid cold
Trolls Caesar's icy blades

#Haiku #OneHaikuADay #WritersCollective #writingcommunity #BackToHaiku #Seasons #Winter #Ohio #Weather #Hot #Cold #Warm #Wet #Snow #Rain #Road #Street #Ides #Caesar #Freeze #2026 #Photography

January 15, 2026

Beware the March ides
January's frigid cold
Trolls Caesar's icy blades

#Haiku #OneHaikuADay #WritersCollective #writingcommunity #BackToHaiku #Seasons #Winter #Ohio #Weather #Hot #Cold #Warm #Wet #Snow #Rain #Road #Street #Ides #Caesar #Freeze #2026 #Photography

January 15, 2026

Beware the March ides
January's frigid cold
Trolls Caesar's icy blades

#Haiku #OneHaikuADay #WritersCollective #writingcommunity #BackToHaiku #Seasons #Winter #Ohio #Weather #Hot #Cold #Warm #Wet #Snow #Rain #Road #Street #Ides #Caesar #Freeze #2026 #Photography

January 15, 2026

Beware the March ides
January's frigid cold
Trolls Caesar's icy blades

#Haiku #OneHaikuADay #WritersCollective #writingcommunity #BackToHaiku #Seasons #Winter #Ohio #Weather #Hot #Cold #Warm #Wet #Snow #Rain #Road #Street #Ides #Caesar #Freeze #2026 #Photography

January 15, 2026

‘Corpses stacked like firewood:’ ICIJ unveils largest photo archive of Assad-era killings in Syria

ISTANBUL The International Consortium of Investigative Journalists (ICIJ) reported Thursday that a newly obta…
#Conflict #Conflicts #War #AnadoluAjansı #BasharAssad #Caesar #civilwar #Damascus #EvidencePreservationUnit #InternationalConsortiumofInvestigativeJournalists #masskilling #Mazenal-Hamada #ndr #starvation #SuddeutscheZeitunginvestigation #Syria #torture
https://www.europesays.com/2611714/

Wieviel Metal steckt in der Vergangenheit? Oder: Über Opfer, Horror und Geschichte

Die Druiden, die gebildete #Philosophen​klasse der alten #Kelten, haben nichts aufgeschrieben. Sie hätten es tun können – einige Kelten waren gebildet und schrieben in gallischer Sprache entweder mit dem griechischen oder dem römischen Alphabet –, aber sie taten es aus Prinzip und Gewohnheit nicht.

Nun, eigentlich wissen wir nicht genau, warum sie es nicht taten, weil sie es uns nicht gesagt haben, weil kein einziger Druide jemals etwas aufgeschrieben hat. Julius #Caesar, der damit beschäftigt war, #Gallien (das heutige #Frankreich) zu unterwerfen und zu überfallen, meinte, dass die #Druiden nichts aufschrieben, weil sie dachten, dass das Aufschreiben von Dingen das Gedächtnis schwächt.

Es dauerte 19 oder 20 Jahre #Ausbildung, um Druide zu werden, wodurch sie über umfassende Kenntnisse in #Recht, #Zeremonie​n, #Konfliktlösung und der Bewegung der #Himmelskörper verfügten.

Wahrscheinlich lernten sie auch, wie man Menschen opfert, aber darüber sind sich #Historiker weniger sicher. Wahrscheinlich opferten sie Menschen, indem sie sie unter anderem in riesigen Statuen aus Stroh oder Weidengeflecht lebendig verbrannten, aber das wissen wir nicht mit Sicherheit.

Die meisten zeitgenössischen Schriften über Druiden wurden von ihren Feinden verfasst, die nach einer moralischen #Rechtfertigung für die Eroberung Galliens suchten. Ich habe allerdings meine eigene Theorie, warum sie nie etwas aufgeschrieben haben. Eine Theorie, mit der ich mich vielleicht irre. Ich glaube, sie haben nichts aufgeschrieben, weil das Festhalten von Gesetzen und bewährten Praktiken auf Papier diese unveränderlich macht.

Ich bin mir sicher, dass sich die Lehren der Druiden in den Jahrhunderten oder Jahrtausenden, in denen sie lebten, verändert haben. Obwohl sie wahrscheinlich über ein Gedächtnis verfügten, das uns, die wir uns auf das Schreiben verlassen, in Erstaunen versetzen würde, kann ich mir nicht vorstellen, dass es zwischen den Generationen keine subtilen oder radikalen Veränderungen gab – und ich vermute, dass dies beabsichtigt war. Ich vermute, dass die Druiden keine Angst hatten, hier und da Veränderungen zuzulassen und sich den Umständen anzupassen.

Einige Historiker vermuten zum Beispiel, dass die Kelten schon vor der Erklärung Roms, sie seien böse #Barbaren, die einer ordentlichen Eroberung bedürften, von #Menschenopfer​n abrückten.

Es ist möglich, dass die #Kelten, als überwältigende Legionen aus dem Süden in Gallien und #Britannien einfielen, aus Verzweiflung begannen, sich wieder ihren alten Bräuchen zuzuwenden. Wir werden es wahrscheinlich nie erfahren. Wir wissen nicht viel darüber, was sie dachten, weil sie nichts aufgeschrieben haben.

Wir wissen nicht, ob sie Menschen lebendig in Weidenmännern verbrannten. Wir wissen nicht, ob die Iren ihrem #König die Brustwarzen abschnitten und ihm dann an #Samhain die Kehle durchschnitten, wenn er seine Arbeit schlecht machte. Wir wissen nicht, ob heilige #Frauen in einen ekstatischen Zustand verfielen, eine von ihnen zerfleischten und mit dem zerteilten Körper ihrer Freundin in den Händen herummarschierten. Wir wissen nicht, ob die Kelten dreißig Meter tiefe Löcher gruben, nur um Menschen zu fesseln und hineinzuwerfen. Wir wissen nicht, ob „Woodhenge” (man stelle sich Stonehenge vor, nur aus Holz) durch die Opferung eines dreijährigen Jungen geheiligt wurde.

Die vielleicht wichtigste Frage, die mir beim Studium der Geschichte für meinen #Podcast bleibt, ist: „Wieviel Metal war die Vergangenheit?” Hat Lady #Bathory zur Hautpflege in Jungfrauenblut gebadet? Haben #Astrologen in europäischen Städten des Spätmittelalters #Kinder geopfert, wurden bei schwarzen Messen Unschuldige getötet? Haben irische Könige bei ihrer Krönung wirklich mit Pferden gevögelt? Gab es im mittelalterlichen #Irland #Nudistenkulte, die in Höhlen lebten?

Wenn man über #Europa hinausblickt, werden diese Fragen noch fragwürdiger. Was haben die Menschen getrieben? Wo liegen die Grenzen menschlichen Verhaltens?

Denn wenn wir diese Fragen stellen, wirken zwei konkurrierende gesellschaftliche Kräfte. Zunächst einmal sollte man sich bewusst machen, dass es meist diejenigen waren, die diese Anschuldigungen erhoben, die sie auch niederschrieben. Es sind Gerichtsakten, päpstliche Untersuchungen und #Kriegspropaganda, die alle Übel der antiken und mittelalterlichen Welt katalogisieren.

(...)

Weiterlesen in meiner Übersetzung des Textes "How Metal Is the Past? or: on sacrifice and horror and history" von @margaret / Margaret Killjoy vom 29. Okktober 2025

#Geschichte #History #Geschichtsschreibung #Anarchismus #Wickerman @anarchism

...Und noch ein Link: „Caesar - der Diktator“, sehr sehenswerte 3-teilige Miniserie über Aufstieg und Fall des Machtmenschen Gaius Julius Caesar, derzeit noch auf ZDF Info: https://www.zdf.de/dokus/julius-caesar-der-diktator-100

#roman #römisch #romanempire #römischesimperium #history #geschichte #diktator #dictator #caesar #juliuscaesar #politics #politik #tvseries #tvserie #zdfinfo

Chef Cathy Whims Shares her Signature Salad!

Chef Cathy Whims created her signature salad with inspiration from a Caesar, but she added a colorful twist with radicchio! The six-time James Beard Award nominee and author of “The Italian Summer Kitchen:…
#dining #cooking #diet #food #RecipeTopics #Caesar #CathyWhims #croutons #dressing #ParmigianoReggiano #Radicchio #recipe #Recipes #RecipesTopics #Signaturesalad
https://www.diningandcooking.com/2285877/chef-cathy-whims-shares-her-signature-salad/

Chef Cathy Whims Shares her Signature Salad! https://www.diningandcooking.com/2285877/chef-cathy-whims-shares-her-signature-salad/ #Caesar #CathyWhims #croutons #dressing #ParmigianoReggiano #Radicchio #recipe #Recipes #RecipesTopics #SignatureSalad

You'd think we'd recall
That the ninth calendar month
Once was the seventh

#Haiku #OneHaikuADay #WritersCollective #writingcommunity #BackToHaiku #Seasons #Summer #Autumn #Harvest #Grapes #Wine #Vintage #September #Septem #Seventh #Calendar #RomanForum #Julian #Gregorian #Kalends #Vino #Sommelier #Rome #Caesar

September 7, 2025

You'd think we'd recall
That the ninth calendar month
Once was the seventh

#Haiku #OneHaikuADay #WritersCollective #writingcommunity #BackToHaiku #Seasons #Summer #Autumn #Harvest #Grapes #Wine #Vintage #September #Septem #Seventh #Calendar #RomanForum #Julian #Gregorian #Kalends #Vino #Sommelier #Rome #Caesar

September 7, 2025

You'd think we'd recall
That the ninth calendar month
Once was the seventh

#Haiku #OneHaikuADay #WritersCollective #writingcommunity #BackToHaiku #Seasons #Summer #Autumn #Harvest #Grapes #Wine #Vintage #September #Septem #Seventh #Calendar #RomanForum #Julian #Gregorian #Kalends #Vino #Sommelier #Rome #Caesar

September 7, 2025

You'd think we'd recall
That the ninth calendar month
Once was the seventh

#Haiku #OneHaikuADay #WritersCollective #writingcommunity #BackToHaiku #Seasons #Summer #Autumn #Harvest #Grapes #Wine #Vintage #September #Septem #Seventh #Calendar #RomanForum #Julian #Gregorian #Kalends #Vino #Sommelier #Rome #Caesar

September 7, 2025

National Caesar Salad Day.

#caesarsalad #salad #foodie #food #foodporn #healthyfood #instafood #foodphotography #foodstagram #dinner #caesar #lunch #delicious #yummy #chicken #saladsayur #foodlover #foodblogger #chickensalad #chickencaesarsalad #healthy #salads #grilledchicken #pizza #tasty #croutons #instagood #restaurant #mealprep #caesardressing

https://itsmostamazingindia.wordpress.com/2025/07/04/national-caesar-salad-day/

Meine persönlichen Eindrücke der Ausstellung

#Caesar & #Kleopatra

im Historischen #Museum der Pfalz in #Speyer

📜#Histoire d'un jour - 15 mars -44 : le crépuscule d’un dictateur, l’aube d’un empire https://www.election-politique.com/election.php?ref=1302

#Anniversaire #15Mars #March15 #15deMarzo #15Marzo #15März #3月15日 #15مارس #JulesCesar #JuliusCaesar #Cesar #Caesar #politique #politics

To be frank, as a #history nerd, it’s like living in Rome 89-90 CE.

Or the post-Spartacus years a century earlier.

https://inaniludibrio.com/2024/05/19/if-you-can-keep-it-from-caesar-and-catiline/

#American #Enlightenment #republicanism #culture #fediverse #Caesar #Catiline

The #history nerds out there will note that not only did Julius Caesar also load himself with debt to fund the army which he would use to incite an insurrection against the Republic, but the #American founders of the #Enlightenment valued #virtue above all and viewed #Caesar (and #Catiline) as wicked usurpers of their nations.

Just sayin’ 🤷🏻‍♂️
https://mastodon.social/@McSpocky/113200977706500910

The payoff from Thiel’s early gamble in Trump is a lesson that has not passed others by.

As with their other obsession, #crypto, the best time to have invested in Trump was 2016,
and the second best time is today.

We already have a word for what we’re watching now:
it’s #oligarchy.

And we’ve already seen how this plays out.

In Putin’s Russia, political and commercial interests are one and the same.

Thiel is betting
– again
– on the same phenomenon in America.

Betting that he will be first among a new breed of tech bro oligarchs
– a new super-class of #broligarchs.

In Trump’s America, there will be hard choices for everyone, including the billionaires. --
Though it may be less hard for them.

Vance has said he wants to #deregulate crypto and
unshackle AI.

He’s said he’d #dismantle Biden’s attempts to place safeguards around AI development.

And while he has it in for the #legacy #monopolies of Google and Facebook
– the platforms that his ideological bedfellows in the “new right” see as part of the “censorship industrial complex” suffocating rightwing speech
– Silicon Valley is betting on a gloves-off, regulation-free, pro-business #goldrush.

Another Peter Thiel acolyte was on stage at the Republican National Convention last week,
electrifying the crowd:
#Hulk #Hogan.

Hogan is less well known as one of Thiel’s longterm bets, though in some ways he’s even more instructive than Vance.

In 2007, the online magazine #Gawker outed Thiel and ran a series of unflattering articles about him.

It took him years, but he ultimately got his revenge, covertly funding Hulk Hogan to the tune of $10m to sue the publication for invasion of privacy and forcing it into #bankruptcy.

On stage at the RNC, the wrestler, a permatanned orange, ripped off his shirt for the man who increasingly looks like he’ll be America’s next president.

Or, if JD Vance, is correct, the man who will prove to be the #Caesar he says America needs.

A man who he has already urged to fire the nation’s civil servants to
💥 “replace them with our people”,
to defy the courts and rule his own way.

Or, to put this in simple terms:
to foment a #coup.

Thiel knows what every investor knows. That a crisis is an opportunity.

And that if Trump succeeds in tearing up the federal administration,
there is not only billions to be made in the ensuing market #turmoil but that a new breed of oligarchs,
close to Caesar’s throne, will be the first to share the spoils.

And chief among them will be Thiel.

It’s not a stretch to see how #Palantir, his data-mining company
– that under the Conservatives got its teeth into the NHS
– will profile and surveil and target Caesar’s enemies.

And Thiel’s track record in winning, in successfully betting on the longest of odds, on biding his time, is maybe the most chilling of all the factors in a fortnight that has started to feel like the start of a run on the bank.

Biden’s debate disaster,
Trump’s victorious assassination survival,
and now Silicon Valley’s ascension to the presidential ticket.

The broligarchs have made their move
– and the rest of us need to understand exactly what that means.

#tech #elite #Sandberg #Page #Bezos #Peter #Thiel #tech #bro #Vance #Elon #Musk #Marc #Andreessen #Ben #Horowitz #Winklevoss #Chamath #Palihapitiya #David #Sacks #Palantir #Vance #Mithril #Capital #Narya #Capital

The Founding Fathers held both #Catiline and #Caesar in deep contempt.

Anybody telling you otherwise is probably a fascist, reactionary, or mendacious fuck.
https://mastodon.social/@jmcrookston/111189165504941371

@paninid Examples such as yours are ones that I believe are productive and useful. Comparative history is important and insightful, when done right (which is why warnings from the Founders are so important). I've been seeing a lot more *248 years is really close to 250* #discourse which is based on Glubb's #pseudohistory which distracts from the rich comparisons of #Catiline and #Caesar

If you can keep it from #Caesar and #Catiline

The American founders were obsessed with the Greek and Roman Republics. The founders held both Caesar and Catiline in deep contempt. The originalists and textualists know this, and choose to memoryhole that fact. Or, they are deeply ignorant of history. The founders’ version of memes and trash talk involved making obscure references to orators, philosophers, senators, consuls, and generals of the ancient republics.

http://inaniludibrio.com/2024/05/19/if-you-can-keep-it-from-caesar-and-catiline/

The #American founders held both #Caesar and #Catiline in deep contempt.

The originalists and textualists know this, and choose to memoryhole that fact.

Or, they are deeply ignorant of #history.

https://www.inquirer.com/opinion/red-caesar-right-american-dictatorship-20231005.html

#RedCaesar

Day 763: Ukraïnian Map
by #UkraineNewsTV
15:26

Russian forces advanced in #Ivanivkse, West of #Bakhmut.

Russia attacks West of #Orlivka.

Ukrainian drone destroys R-330Zh electronic jamming station 20 km behind the front line in #Luhansk.

Russia amassing troops near #Robotyne

#France to deliver 78 #CAESAR howitzers and 80.000 aritllery shells.

🇦🇺 🇺🇦
Juzzie makes daily updates on the war since July 2022.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKaeeTEXkQs

#Ukraine
#russia
#Ukrainerussiawar
#Youtube
#NAFO

Have a beautiful Day of Aphrodite aka Venus' Day aka Frigg's Day aka Friday 🌹

Iulius #Caesar proclaimed his descent from #Aeneas, son of the goddess #Venus, at the funeral of his aunt (Suetonius Div. Iul. 6). He claimed the goddess' protection in his battle against #Pompey in 48 BCE, who feared that "the family of Caesar, which went back to Venus, was to receive glory and splendour through him" (Pompey 68.2).

@mythology @antiquidons @histodons #DayOfAphrodite #GreekRomanArt #JuliusCaesar

Dear friends of Real Life (#RL), ​:ablobcatbongokeyboard:​

#Yesterday we had a day in the #unvirtualised #Gaia. Went as near as #possible to the #highest point in Greta Londinium (Greater London, as it is currently known). Near #Biggin #Hill in #Bromley. Visited Keston #Common to find the #source of the #Ravensbourne #river. A #legendary #spring discovered by #Pagan Emperor, Julius #Caesar. 🪶

Saw an old #windmill, a pair of #raptors (probably #buzzards), #koi carp, #artist painting, #biplane ... Also briefly visited High #Elms #Country #Park, with its rich #history. ✔️

We went by #hybrid car. 😮

Dear friends of Real Life (#RL), ​:ablobcatbongokeyboard:​

#Yesterday we had a day in the #unvirtualised #Gaia. Went as near as #possible to the #highest point in Greta Londinium (Greater London, as it is currently known). Near #Biggin #Hill in #Bromley. Visited Keston #Common to find the #source of the #Ravensbourne #river. A #legendary #spring discovered by #Pagan Emperor, Julius #Caesar. 🪶

Saw an old #windmill, a pair of #raptors (probably #buzzards), #koi carp, #artist painting, #biplane ... Also briefly visited High #Elms #Country #Park, with its rich #history. ✔️

We went by #hybrid car. 😮

Dear friends of Real Life (#RL), ​:ablobcatbongokeyboard:​

#Yesterday we had a day in the #unvirtualised #Gaia. Went as near as #possible to the #highest point in Greta Londinium (Greater London, as it is currently known). Near #Biggin #Hill in #Bromley. Visited Keston #Common to find the #source of the #Ravensbourne #river. A #legendary #spring discovered by #Pagan Emperor, Julius #Caesar. 🪶

Saw an old #windmill, a pair of #raptors (probably #buzzards), #koi carp, #artist painting, #biplane ... Also briefly visited High #Elms #Country #Park, with its rich #history. ✔️

We went by #hybrid car. 😮

Dear friends of Real Life (#RL), ​:ablobcatbongokeyboard:​

#Yesterday we had a day in the #unvirtualised #Gaia. Went as near as #possible to the #highest point in Greta Londinium (Greater London, as it is currently known). Near #Biggin #Hill in #Bromley. Visited Keston #Common to find the #source of the #Ravensbourne #river. A #legendary #spring discovered by #Pagan Emperor, Julius #Caesar. 🪶

Saw an old #windmill, a pair of #raptors (probably #buzzards), #koi carp, #artist painting, #biplane ... Also briefly visited High #Elms #Country #Park, with its rich #history. ✔️

We went by #hybrid car. 😮

Dear friends of Real Life (#RL), ​:ablobcatbongokeyboard:​

#Yesterday we had a day in the #unvirtualised #Gaia. Went as near as #possible to the #highest point in Greta Londinium (Greater London, as it is currently known). Near #Biggin #Hill in #Bromley. Visited Keston #Common to find the #source of the #Ravensbourne #river. A #legendary #spring discovered by #Pagan Emperor, Julius #Caesar. 🪶

Saw an old #windmill, a pair of #raptors (probably #buzzards), #koi carp, #artist painting, #biplane ... Also briefly visited High #Elms #Country #Park, with its rich #history. ✔️

We went by #hybrid car. 😮

"Huh. #Caesar's really chilling out after that '#Commanding With #Kindness' workshop he went on"

HTs #WeirdLondon
#SignsOfTheTimes #Octavius #history #roman #Apologies #london #photography

@grumpasaurus

I gotta agree, a #Caesar may be the world's most perfect #cocktail.

Olives are new to me, though. @jwz occasionally posted "What's On My Bloody Mary?" and some of the ones I've run into in pubs/restaurants seemed up that alley. Dill pickle and #pickled #asparagus were some of the least-strange (and most tasty!) ones.

Anyway, enjoy!

#weird #drink #garnish #BloodyMary #DillPickle

#Epoche #Römische #Bürgerkriege
#Ende des 2. Jhd bis 30 v. Chr.

#Münzpropaganda

1. #Münze: #Vorderseite #Libertas #Freiheit, #Rückseite erster #Magistrat L. #Junius #Brutus; #Referenz auf #Wiederherstellung der #Republik

2. #Münze: #Vorderseite #Darstellung M. #Iunius #Brutus #ungewöhnlich mit #Bart; #Referenz auf #Vorfahren; alte #Tugenden; #Virtus, #Kampfgeist, #Tapferkeit; #Rückseite: #Referenz auf #Ermordung #Caesars

#Vorlesung #Römische #Rechtsgeschichte #Avenarius, 7. Sitzung

#Entstehung von #Rechtsschulen im #Prinzipat zur #Organisation #wachsender #Rechtswissenschaft

#Schulengegensatz #Sabinianer // #Proculianer

#Anfang der #Entwicklung:
#Anknüpfung an #Naturrechtsdenken #Vorklassischer #Veteres durch #Massurius #Sabinus
#Anknüpfung an #Tradition der #Ars #Iuris des #Servius #Sulpicius #Rufus durch #Proculianer

#Verfestigung in #Zeit des #Tiberius #Iulius #Caesar #Augustus

#Naturrecht #Klassik #Vorklassik

#Römische #Rechtsgeschichte #Avenarius, 9. Sitzung