#surfactants — Public Fediverse posts

Colloid Chemistry by S. Voyutsky

This book is a translation of the second edition of the Russian textbook on colloid chemistry for institutes of chemical engineering (the first Russian edition was published in 1964). It explains the general concepts and laws of colloid chemistry and describes the properties of colloidal systems, the methods of investigating them, and the use of colloid chemistry for solving practical problems. The textbook has a chapter on high-molecular-weight substances and their solutions. The introduction, the chapters on adsorption, and the chapter on the stability and coagulation of colloidal systems have been extensively revised. The book may serve as a textbook for students and postgraduate students of chemical faculties of universities; it will also be of interest to researchers who wish to become acquainted with the modern state of colloid chemistry.

Prof. Sergei Voyutsky, D.Sc. (Chem.), heads the Colloid Chemistry Department of the Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technology. He specialises in adhesion and in the physico-chemical properties of lattices. He has published over 350 articles in Soviet and foreign journals. Prof. Voyutsky is the author of textbooks on colloid chemistry and polymer solutions, and also of monographs, some of which were translated and published in the United States, Japan, Poland, and other countries. He is a member of the editorial board of the journals Kauchuk i Rezin (Caoutchouc and Rubber) and Kolloidnyi Zhurnal (Colloid Journal).

Translated from the Russian by Nicholas Bobrov.

You can get the book here and here

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CONTENTS

Preface

Author’s Preface

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION. COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS AND THE SUBJECT MATTER OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY

1. Concept of Colloidal Systems and the Definition of Colloid Chemistry as a Science
2. Measure of Dispersion
3. Heterogeneity of Colloidal Systems as Their Basic Distinction from Molecular Solutions
4. Disjoining Pressure
5. Effect of the Degree of Dispersion on the Properties of Disperse Systems
6. Classification of Colloidal and Microheterogeneous Systems
7. Importance of Colloidal Systems and Colloidal Processes in Nature and Engineering

Chapter 2. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Light Scattering
2. Light Absorption
3. Colour of Colloidal Systems
4. Optical Methods of Investigating Colloidal Systems

Chapter 3. MOLECULAR-KINETIC PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Thermal Motion of Molecules and Brownian Motion
2. Diffusion in True Solutions and in Colloidal Systems
3. Osmotic Pressure
4. Sedimentation Stability
5. Sedimentation and Methods of Sedimentation Analysis

Chapter 4. SCIENCE OF ADSORPTION. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLID-GAS INTERFACE

1. Concept of Adsorption
2. Nature of Adsorption Forces
3. Langmuir’s Monomolecular Adsorption Theory
4. Polanyi’s Polymolecular Adsorption Theory and the BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) Theory
5. Capillary Condensation
6. Chemical Adsorption
7. Heat of Adsorption
8. Adsorption Rate
9. Effect of the Properties of the Adsorbent and the Adsorptive on Adsorption. Dynamic Adsorption. Adsorption from Mixtures of Gases

Chapter 5. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLUTION-GAS INTERFACE

1. Surface Tension
2. Concept of Surfactants
3. Gibbs’ Equation
4. Shishkovsky’s Equation. Transition from Gibbs’ Equation to Langmuir’s Equation
5. Effect of the Structure and Dimensions of a Surfactant Molecule on Adsorption at the Solution-Gas Interface. Traube’s Rule
6. Structure of the Adsorption Layer at the Solution-Gas Interface
7. Langmuir’s Balance. Determination of the Dimensions of Surfactant Molecules

Chapter 6. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE

1. Molecular Adsorption from Solutions
2. Ionic Adsorption
3. Exchange Adsorption
4. Wetting Phenomena
5. Adhesion

Chapter 7. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Concept of Electrokinetic Phenomena
2. Structure of the Electric Double Layer
3. Effect of Different Factors on the Electrokinetic Potential
4. Electrophoresis and Electroosmosis
5. Determination of the Electrokinetic Potential
6. Practical Importance of Electrokinetic Phenomena
7. Other Electrical Properties of Colloidal Systems

Chapter 8. OBTAINING AND PURIFYING COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS. STRUCTURE OF COLLOIDAL MICELLES

1. Methods of Obtaining Colloidal Systems
2. Structure of Colloidal Micelles
3. Examples of Obtaining Colloidal Systems
4. Purifying Colloidal Systems

Chapter 9. STABILITY AND COAGULATION OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Kinetics of Coagulation
2. Stability of Thin Liquid Layers and the Energy of Interaction Between the Surfaces of Two Bodies
3. Change in the Energy of Interaction Between Micelles as They Approach One Another
4. Solvation of Particles. Structural-Mechanical and Entropy Factors of Stability
5. Rules of Coagulation by Electrolytes
6. Theories of Coagulation by Electrolytes
7. Effect of the Dimensions and Concentration of Particles on Their Interaction in Dispersed Systems
8. Importance of Adsorption Phenomena to Coagulation
9. Particular Phenomena Observed in Coagulation by Electrolytes
10. Coagulation of Sols Having a Non-Aqueous Medium by Electrolytes
11. Heterocoagulation and Heteroadagulation of Colloidal Systems
12. Coagulation Under the Action of Physical Factors

Chapter 10. STRUCTURAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DISPERSED SYSTEMS

1. Origination and Characteristics of Structures in Colloidal Systems
2. Viscosity of True and Colloidal Solutions
3. Structural Viscosity
4. Mechanical Properties of Colloidal Systems Exhibiting True Elasticity
5. Dependence of the Viscosity of Colloidal Systems on the Concentration of the Dispersed Phase

Chapter 11. SYSTEMS HAVING A GASEOUS DISPERSION MEDIUM

1. General Characteristics of Aerosols
2. Powders and Their Properties
3. Methods of Obtaining Aerosols
4. Methods of Destroying Aerosols
5. Practical Importance of Aerosols

Chapter 12. SYSTEMS HAVING LIQUID AND SOLID DISPERSED PHASES

1. Suspensions
2. Emulsions
3. Lattices
4. Foams
5. Systems Having a Solid Dispersion Medium

Chapter 13. COLLOIDAL SURFACTANTS

1. Principal Concepts and Classification of Colloidal Surfactants
2. State of Surfactants in a Solution
3. Stabilizing Action of Surfactants
4. Solubilization in Surfactant Solutions
5. Practical Importance of Colloidal Surfactant Solutions
6. Tannins and Dyes

Chapter 14. NATURE AND SOME PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES

1. General Information on Macromolecular Substances
2. Polydispersity and Molecular Weight of Macromolecular Substances
3. Structure of Macromolecules and Structure of Macromolecular Substances
4. Theories of Solutions of Macromolecular Substances
5. Thermodynamics of Dissolution of Macromolecular Substances
6. Swelling of Macromolecular Substances
7. Some Properties of Solutions of Macromolecular Substances
8. Polyelectrolytes
9. Gels

Recommended Literature
Index

Colloid Chemistry by S. Voyutsky

This book is a translation of the second edition of the Russian textbook on colloid chemistry for institutes of chemical engineering (the first Russian edition was published in 1964). It explains the general concepts and laws of colloid chemistry and describes the properties of colloidal systems, the methods of investigating them, and the use of colloid chemistry for solving practical problems. The textbook has a chapter on high-molecular-weight substances and their solutions. The introduction, the chapters on adsorption, and the chapter on the stability and coagulation of colloidal systems have been extensively revised. The book may serve as a textbook for students and postgraduate students of chemical faculties of universities; it will also be of interest to researchers who wish to become acquainted with the modern state of colloid chemistry.

Prof. Sergei Voyutsky, D.Sc. (Chem.), heads the Colloid Chemistry Department of the Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technology. He specialises in adhesion and in the physico-chemical properties of lattices. He has published over 350 articles in Soviet and foreign journals. Prof. Voyutsky is the author of textbooks on colloid chemistry and polymer solutions, and also of monographs, some of which were translated and published in the United States, Japan, Poland, and other countries. He is a member of the editorial board of the journals Kauchuk i Rezin (Caoutchouc and Rubber) and Kolloidnyi Zhurnal (Colloid Journal).

Translated from the Russian by Nicholas Bobrov.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

CONTENTS

Preface

Author’s Preface

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION. COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS AND THE SUBJECT MATTER OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY

1. Concept of Colloidal Systems and the Definition of Colloid Chemistry as a Science
2. Measure of Dispersion
3. Heterogeneity of Colloidal Systems as Their Basic Distinction from Molecular Solutions
4. Disjoining Pressure
5. Effect of the Degree of Dispersion on the Properties of Disperse Systems
6. Classification of Colloidal and Microheterogeneous Systems
7. Importance of Colloidal Systems and Colloidal Processes in Nature and Engineering

Chapter 2. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Light Scattering
2. Light Absorption
3. Colour of Colloidal Systems
4. Optical Methods of Investigating Colloidal Systems

Chapter 3. MOLECULAR-KINETIC PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Thermal Motion of Molecules and Brownian Motion
2. Diffusion in True Solutions and in Colloidal Systems
3. Osmotic Pressure
4. Sedimentation Stability
5. Sedimentation and Methods of Sedimentation Analysis

Chapter 4. SCIENCE OF ADSORPTION. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLID-GAS INTERFACE

1. Concept of Adsorption
2. Nature of Adsorption Forces
3. Langmuir’s Monomolecular Adsorption Theory
4. Polanyi’s Polymolecular Adsorption Theory and the BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) Theory
5. Capillary Condensation
6. Chemical Adsorption
7. Heat of Adsorption
8. Adsorption Rate
9. Effect of the Properties of the Adsorbent and the Adsorptive on Adsorption. Dynamic Adsorption. Adsorption from Mixtures of Gases

Chapter 5. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLUTION-GAS INTERFACE

1. Surface Tension
2. Concept of Surfactants
3. Gibbs’ Equation
4. Shishkovsky’s Equation. Transition from Gibbs’ Equation to Langmuir’s Equation
5. Effect of the Structure and Dimensions of a Surfactant Molecule on Adsorption at the Solution-Gas Interface. Traube’s Rule
6. Structure of the Adsorption Layer at the Solution-Gas Interface
7. Langmuir’s Balance. Determination of the Dimensions of Surfactant Molecules

Chapter 6. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE

1. Molecular Adsorption from Solutions
2. Ionic Adsorption
3. Exchange Adsorption
4. Wetting Phenomena
5. Adhesion

Chapter 7. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Concept of Electrokinetic Phenomena
2. Structure of the Electric Double Layer
3. Effect of Different Factors on the Electrokinetic Potential
4. Electrophoresis and Electroosmosis
5. Determination of the Electrokinetic Potential
6. Practical Importance of Electrokinetic Phenomena
7. Other Electrical Properties of Colloidal Systems

Chapter 8. OBTAINING AND PURIFYING COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS. STRUCTURE OF COLLOIDAL MICELLES

1. Methods of Obtaining Colloidal Systems
2. Structure of Colloidal Micelles
3. Examples of Obtaining Colloidal Systems
4. Purifying Colloidal Systems

Chapter 9. STABILITY AND COAGULATION OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Kinetics of Coagulation
2. Stability of Thin Liquid Layers and the Energy of Interaction Between the Surfaces of Two Bodies
3. Change in the Energy of Interaction Between Micelles as They Approach One Another
4. Solvation of Particles. Structural-Mechanical and Entropy Factors of Stability
5. Rules of Coagulation by Electrolytes
6. Theories of Coagulation by Electrolytes
7. Effect of the Dimensions and Concentration of Particles on Their Interaction in Dispersed Systems
8. Importance of Adsorption Phenomena to Coagulation
9. Particular Phenomena Observed in Coagulation by Electrolytes
10. Coagulation of Sols Having a Non-Aqueous Medium by Electrolytes
11. Heterocoagulation and Heteroadagulation of Colloidal Systems
12. Coagulation Under the Action of Physical Factors

Chapter 10. STRUCTURAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DISPERSED SYSTEMS

1. Origination and Characteristics of Structures in Colloidal Systems
2. Viscosity of True and Colloidal Solutions
3. Structural Viscosity
4. Mechanical Properties of Colloidal Systems Exhibiting True Elasticity
5. Dependence of the Viscosity of Colloidal Systems on the Concentration of the Dispersed Phase

Chapter 11. SYSTEMS HAVING A GASEOUS DISPERSION MEDIUM

1. General Characteristics of Aerosols
2. Powders and Their Properties
3. Methods of Obtaining Aerosols
4. Methods of Destroying Aerosols
5. Practical Importance of Aerosols

Chapter 12. SYSTEMS HAVING LIQUID AND SOLID DISPERSED PHASES

1. Suspensions
2. Emulsions
3. Lattices
4. Foams
5. Systems Having a Solid Dispersion Medium

Chapter 13. COLLOIDAL SURFACTANTS

1. Principal Concepts and Classification of Colloidal Surfactants
2. State of Surfactants in a Solution
3. Stabilizing Action of Surfactants
4. Solubilization in Surfactant Solutions
5. Practical Importance of Colloidal Surfactant Solutions
6. Tannins and Dyes

Chapter 14. NATURE AND SOME PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES

1. General Information on Macromolecular Substances
2. Polydispersity and Molecular Weight of Macromolecular Substances
3. Structure of Macromolecules and Structure of Macromolecular Substances
4. Theories of Solutions of Macromolecular Substances
5. Thermodynamics of Dissolution of Macromolecular Substances
6. Swelling of Macromolecular Substances
7. Some Properties of Solutions of Macromolecular Substances
8. Polyelectrolytes
9. Gels

Recommended Literature
Index

Colloid Chemistry by S. Voyutsky

This book is a translation of the second edition of the Russian textbook on colloid chemistry for institutes of chemical engineering (the first Russian edition was published in 1964). It explains the general concepts and laws of colloid chemistry and describes the properties of colloidal systems, the methods of investigating them, and the use of colloid chemistry for solving practical problems. The textbook has a chapter on high-molecular-weight substances and their solutions. The introduction, the chapters on adsorption, and the chapter on the stability and coagulation of colloidal systems have been extensively revised. The book may serve as a textbook for students and postgraduate students of chemical faculties of universities; it will also be of interest to researchers who wish to become acquainted with the modern state of colloid chemistry.

Prof. Sergei Voyutsky, D.Sc. (Chem.), heads the Colloid Chemistry Department of the Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technology. He specialises in adhesion and in the physico-chemical properties of lattices. He has published over 350 articles in Soviet and foreign journals. Prof. Voyutsky is the author of textbooks on colloid chemistry and polymer solutions, and also of monographs, some of which were translated and published in the United States, Japan, Poland, and other countries. He is a member of the editorial board of the journals Kauchuk i Rezin (Caoutchouc and Rubber) and Kolloidnyi Zhurnal (Colloid Journal).

Translated from the Russian by Nicholas Bobrov.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

CONTENTS

Preface

Author’s Preface

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION. COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS AND THE SUBJECT MATTER OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY

1. Concept of Colloidal Systems and the Definition of Colloid Chemistry as a Science
2. Measure of Dispersion
3. Heterogeneity of Colloidal Systems as Their Basic Distinction from Molecular Solutions
4. Disjoining Pressure
5. Effect of the Degree of Dispersion on the Properties of Disperse Systems
6. Classification of Colloidal and Microheterogeneous Systems
7. Importance of Colloidal Systems and Colloidal Processes in Nature and Engineering

Chapter 2. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Light Scattering
2. Light Absorption
3. Colour of Colloidal Systems
4. Optical Methods of Investigating Colloidal Systems

Chapter 3. MOLECULAR-KINETIC PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Thermal Motion of Molecules and Brownian Motion
2. Diffusion in True Solutions and in Colloidal Systems
3. Osmotic Pressure
4. Sedimentation Stability
5. Sedimentation and Methods of Sedimentation Analysis

Chapter 4. SCIENCE OF ADSORPTION. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLID-GAS INTERFACE

1. Concept of Adsorption
2. Nature of Adsorption Forces
3. Langmuir’s Monomolecular Adsorption Theory
4. Polanyi’s Polymolecular Adsorption Theory and the BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) Theory
5. Capillary Condensation
6. Chemical Adsorption
7. Heat of Adsorption
8. Adsorption Rate
9. Effect of the Properties of the Adsorbent and the Adsorptive on Adsorption. Dynamic Adsorption. Adsorption from Mixtures of Gases

Chapter 5. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLUTION-GAS INTERFACE

1. Surface Tension
2. Concept of Surfactants
3. Gibbs’ Equation
4. Shishkovsky’s Equation. Transition from Gibbs’ Equation to Langmuir’s Equation
5. Effect of the Structure and Dimensions of a Surfactant Molecule on Adsorption at the Solution-Gas Interface. Traube’s Rule
6. Structure of the Adsorption Layer at the Solution-Gas Interface
7. Langmuir’s Balance. Determination of the Dimensions of Surfactant Molecules

Chapter 6. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE

1. Molecular Adsorption from Solutions
2. Ionic Adsorption
3. Exchange Adsorption
4. Wetting Phenomena
5. Adhesion

Chapter 7. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Concept of Electrokinetic Phenomena
2. Structure of the Electric Double Layer
3. Effect of Different Factors on the Electrokinetic Potential
4. Electrophoresis and Electroosmosis
5. Determination of the Electrokinetic Potential
6. Practical Importance of Electrokinetic Phenomena
7. Other Electrical Properties of Colloidal Systems

Chapter 8. OBTAINING AND PURIFYING COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS. STRUCTURE OF COLLOIDAL MICELLES

1. Methods of Obtaining Colloidal Systems
2. Structure of Colloidal Micelles
3. Examples of Obtaining Colloidal Systems
4. Purifying Colloidal Systems

Chapter 9. STABILITY AND COAGULATION OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Kinetics of Coagulation
2. Stability of Thin Liquid Layers and the Energy of Interaction Between the Surfaces of Two Bodies
3. Change in the Energy of Interaction Between Micelles as They Approach One Another
4. Solvation of Particles. Structural-Mechanical and Entropy Factors of Stability
5. Rules of Coagulation by Electrolytes
6. Theories of Coagulation by Electrolytes
7. Effect of the Dimensions and Concentration of Particles on Their Interaction in Dispersed Systems
8. Importance of Adsorption Phenomena to Coagulation
9. Particular Phenomena Observed in Coagulation by Electrolytes
10. Coagulation of Sols Having a Non-Aqueous Medium by Electrolytes
11. Heterocoagulation and Heteroadagulation of Colloidal Systems
12. Coagulation Under the Action of Physical Factors

Chapter 10. STRUCTURAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DISPERSED SYSTEMS

1. Origination and Characteristics of Structures in Colloidal Systems
2. Viscosity of True and Colloidal Solutions
3. Structural Viscosity
4. Mechanical Properties of Colloidal Systems Exhibiting True Elasticity
5. Dependence of the Viscosity of Colloidal Systems on the Concentration of the Dispersed Phase

Chapter 11. SYSTEMS HAVING A GASEOUS DISPERSION MEDIUM

1. General Characteristics of Aerosols
2. Powders and Their Properties
3. Methods of Obtaining Aerosols
4. Methods of Destroying Aerosols
5. Practical Importance of Aerosols

Chapter 12. SYSTEMS HAVING LIQUID AND SOLID DISPERSED PHASES

1. Suspensions
2. Emulsions
3. Lattices
4. Foams
5. Systems Having a Solid Dispersion Medium

Chapter 13. COLLOIDAL SURFACTANTS

1. Principal Concepts and Classification of Colloidal Surfactants
2. State of Surfactants in a Solution
3. Stabilizing Action of Surfactants
4. Solubilization in Surfactant Solutions
5. Practical Importance of Colloidal Surfactant Solutions
6. Tannins and Dyes

Chapter 14. NATURE AND SOME PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES

1. General Information on Macromolecular Substances
2. Polydispersity and Molecular Weight of Macromolecular Substances
3. Structure of Macromolecules and Structure of Macromolecular Substances
4. Theories of Solutions of Macromolecular Substances
5. Thermodynamics of Dissolution of Macromolecular Substances
6. Swelling of Macromolecular Substances
7. Some Properties of Solutions of Macromolecular Substances
8. Polyelectrolytes
9. Gels

Recommended Literature
Index

Colloid Chemistry by S. Voyutsky

This book is a translation of the second edition of the Russian textbook on colloid chemistry for institutes of chemical engineering (the first Russian edition was published in 1964). It explains the general concepts and laws of colloid chemistry and describes the properties of colloidal systems, the methods of investigating them, and the use of colloid chemistry for solving practical problems. The textbook has a chapter on high-molecular-weight substances and their solutions. The introduction, the chapters on adsorption, and the chapter on the stability and coagulation of colloidal systems have been extensively revised. The book may serve as a textbook for students and postgraduate students of chemical faculties of universities; it will also be of interest to researchers who wish to become acquainted with the modern state of colloid chemistry.

Prof. Sergei Voyutsky, D.Sc. (Chem.), heads the Colloid Chemistry Department of the Lomonosov Institute of Fine Chemical Technology. He specialises in adhesion and in the physico-chemical properties of lattices. He has published over 350 articles in Soviet and foreign journals. Prof. Voyutsky is the author of textbooks on colloid chemistry and polymer solutions, and also of monographs, some of which were translated and published in the United States, Japan, Poland, and other countries. He is a member of the editorial board of the journals Kauchuk i Rezin (Caoutchouc and Rubber) and Kolloidnyi Zhurnal (Colloid Journal).

Translated from the Russian by Nicholas Bobrov.

You can get the book here and here

Follow us on

Twitter https://x.com/MirTitles

Mastadon https://mastodon.social/@mirtitles

Bluesky https://bsky.app/profile/mirtitles.bsky.social

Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/mirtitles

Internet Archive https://archive.org/details/mir-titles

Fork us on gitlab https://gitlab.com/mirtitles

CONTENTS

Preface

Author’s Preface

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION. COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS AND THE SUBJECT MATTER OF COLLOID CHEMISTRY

1. Concept of Colloidal Systems and the Definition of Colloid Chemistry as a Science
2. Measure of Dispersion
3. Heterogeneity of Colloidal Systems as Their Basic Distinction from Molecular Solutions
4. Disjoining Pressure
5. Effect of the Degree of Dispersion on the Properties of Disperse Systems
6. Classification of Colloidal and Microheterogeneous Systems
7. Importance of Colloidal Systems and Colloidal Processes in Nature and Engineering

Chapter 2. OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Light Scattering
2. Light Absorption
3. Colour of Colloidal Systems
4. Optical Methods of Investigating Colloidal Systems

Chapter 3. MOLECULAR-KINETIC PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Thermal Motion of Molecules and Brownian Motion
2. Diffusion in True Solutions and in Colloidal Systems
3. Osmotic Pressure
4. Sedimentation Stability
5. Sedimentation and Methods of Sedimentation Analysis

Chapter 4. SCIENCE OF ADSORPTION. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLID-GAS INTERFACE

1. Concept of Adsorption
2. Nature of Adsorption Forces
3. Langmuir’s Monomolecular Adsorption Theory
4. Polanyi’s Polymolecular Adsorption Theory and the BET (Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller) Theory
5. Capillary Condensation
6. Chemical Adsorption
7. Heat of Adsorption
8. Adsorption Rate
9. Effect of the Properties of the Adsorbent and the Adsorptive on Adsorption. Dynamic Adsorption. Adsorption from Mixtures of Gases

Chapter 5. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLUTION-GAS INTERFACE

1. Surface Tension
2. Concept of Surfactants
3. Gibbs’ Equation
4. Shishkovsky’s Equation. Transition from Gibbs’ Equation to Langmuir’s Equation
5. Effect of the Structure and Dimensions of a Surfactant Molecule on Adsorption at the Solution-Gas Interface. Traube’s Rule
6. Structure of the Adsorption Layer at the Solution-Gas Interface
7. Langmuir’s Balance. Determination of the Dimensions of Surfactant Molecules

Chapter 6. ADSORPTION AT THE SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE

1. Molecular Adsorption from Solutions
2. Ionic Adsorption
3. Exchange Adsorption
4. Wetting Phenomena
5. Adhesion

Chapter 7. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Concept of Electrokinetic Phenomena
2. Structure of the Electric Double Layer
3. Effect of Different Factors on the Electrokinetic Potential
4. Electrophoresis and Electroosmosis
5. Determination of the Electrokinetic Potential
6. Practical Importance of Electrokinetic Phenomena
7. Other Electrical Properties of Colloidal Systems

Chapter 8. OBTAINING AND PURIFYING COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS. STRUCTURE OF COLLOIDAL MICELLES

1. Methods of Obtaining Colloidal Systems
2. Structure of Colloidal Micelles
3. Examples of Obtaining Colloidal Systems
4. Purifying Colloidal Systems

Chapter 9. STABILITY AND COAGULATION OF COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS

1. Kinetics of Coagulation
2. Stability of Thin Liquid Layers and the Energy of Interaction Between the Surfaces of Two Bodies
3. Change in the Energy of Interaction Between Micelles as They Approach One Another
4. Solvation of Particles. Structural-Mechanical and Entropy Factors of Stability
5. Rules of Coagulation by Electrolytes
6. Theories of Coagulation by Electrolytes
7. Effect of the Dimensions and Concentration of Particles on Their Interaction in Dispersed Systems
8. Importance of Adsorption Phenomena to Coagulation
9. Particular Phenomena Observed in Coagulation by Electrolytes
10. Coagulation of Sols Having a Non-Aqueous Medium by Electrolytes
11. Heterocoagulation and Heteroadagulation of Colloidal Systems
12. Coagulation Under the Action of Physical Factors

Chapter 10. STRUCTURAL-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF DISPERSED SYSTEMS

1. Origination and Characteristics of Structures in Colloidal Systems
2. Viscosity of True and Colloidal Solutions
3. Structural Viscosity
4. Mechanical Properties of Colloidal Systems Exhibiting True Elasticity
5. Dependence of the Viscosity of Colloidal Systems on the Concentration of the Dispersed Phase

Chapter 11. SYSTEMS HAVING A GASEOUS DISPERSION MEDIUM

1. General Characteristics of Aerosols
2. Powders and Their Properties
3. Methods of Obtaining Aerosols
4. Methods of Destroying Aerosols
5. Practical Importance of Aerosols

Chapter 12. SYSTEMS HAVING LIQUID AND SOLID DISPERSED PHASES

1. Suspensions
2. Emulsions
3. Lattices
4. Foams
5. Systems Having a Solid Dispersion Medium

Chapter 13. COLLOIDAL SURFACTANTS

1. Principal Concepts and Classification of Colloidal Surfactants
2. State of Surfactants in a Solution
3. Stabilizing Action of Surfactants
4. Solubilization in Surfactant Solutions
5. Practical Importance of Colloidal Surfactant Solutions
6. Tannins and Dyes

Chapter 14. NATURE AND SOME PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR SUBSTANCES

1. General Information on Macromolecular Substances
2. Polydispersity and Molecular Weight of Macromolecular Substances
3. Structure of Macromolecules and Structure of Macromolecular Substances
4. Theories of Solutions of Macromolecular Substances
5. Thermodynamics of Dissolution of Macromolecular Substances
6. Swelling of Macromolecular Substances
7. Some Properties of Solutions of Macromolecular Substances
8. Polyelectrolytes
9. Gels

Recommended Literature
Index

Silicone Surfactants Market in Japan | Report – IndexBox

Japan Silicone Surfactants Market 2026 Analysis and Forecast to 2035 Executive Summary Key Findings Japan’s silicone surfactants market…
#EuropeSays #Japan #JP #3402 #3815 #forecast #HS2931 #marketanalysis #Nihon #Silicone #surfactants
https://www.europesays.com/japan/75889/

● Surfactants: controlling surface tension ●

Surfactants modify surface tension and influence droplet motion. Discover their effects in this MOOC video from ESPCI Paris - PSL.

🎥 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W3aE26Or8v0&list=PLcbz7zf4dTyk9BqlBPLpgI48i9TiorpEi&index=20

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#Surfactants #SurfaceTension #DropletPhysics #DropletMotion #MOOC

https://www.europesays.com/ie/620312/ Chemistry in Pictures: Droplet with a steering wheel #diethylbenzene #dodecane #DrugDelivery #Éire #Fc3283 #Hfe7100 #Hfe7500 #IE #Ireland #JanusDroplets #Nanomaterials #Science #surfactants #toluene #Tween20 #ZonylFs30

How can tiny amounts of surfactants change whether water spreads or resists spreading on a surface?

This study shows that mixing a silicone-based and a cationic surfactant drastically lowers surface tension, strongly affecting wetting behavior.

🔗 https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.langmuir.6c02089

#Wetting #SurfaceScience #Surfactants #Interfaces #SoftMatter

The Journal of Physical Chemistry B is a #peerreviewed #scientificJournal that covers research on several fields of material chemistry (macromolecules, soft matter, and #surfactants) as well as #statisticalMechanics, #thermodynamics, and #biophysicalChemistry. It has been published weekly since 1997 by the #AmericanChemicalSociety. According to the #JournalCitationReports, the journal had an #impactFactor of 3.5 for 2023. Due to the growing amount of research in the fields it covers.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry B is a #peerreviewed #scientificJournal that covers research on several fields of material chemistry (macromolecules, soft matter, and #surfactants) as well as #statisticalMechanics, #thermodynamics, and #biophysicalChemistry. It has been published weekly since 1997 by the #AmericanChemicalSociety. According to the #JournalCitationReports, the journal had an #impactFactor of 3.5 for 2023. Due to the growing amount of research in the fields it covers.

Great talk by Mathijs Mabesoone at #Lunteren2026. He talked about the use of automated synthesis and characterization of peptides as a basis for data-driven discovery of peptides with new properties on the example of general design-rules for peptide surfactants.
#Chemistry #Surfactants #Robotics

Great talk by Mathijs Mabesoone at #Lunteren2026. He talked about the use of automated synthesis and characterization of peptides as a basis for data-driven discovery of peptides with new properties on the example of general design-rules for peptide surfactants.
#Chemistry #Surfactants #Robotics

Great talk by Mathijs Mabesoone at #Lunteren2026. He talked about the use of automated synthesis and characterization of peptides as a basis for data-driven discovery of peptides with new properties on the example of general design-rules for peptide surfactants.
#Chemistry #Surfactants #Robotics

Great talk by Mathijs Mabesoone at #Lunteren2026. He talked about the use of automated synthesis and characterization of peptides as a basis for data-driven discovery of peptides with new properties on the example of general design-rules for peptide surfactants.
#Chemistry #Surfactants #Robotics

Deep Breaths Renew Lung Surfactants + A Special Announcement

Taking a deep breath may actually help you breathe easier, according to a new study. When we inhale, air fills our alveoli–tiny balloon-like compartments within our lungs. To make alveoli easier to open, they’re coated in a surfactant chemical produced by our lungs. Just as soap’s surfactant molecules squeezing between water molecules lowers the interface’s surface tension, our lung surfactants gather at the interface and lower the surface tension, making alveoli easier to inflate.

But things are a little more complicated in our lungs than in our kitchen sink because of our constant cycle of breathing, which stretches and compresses our lungs’ surfaces and surfactant layers. Imagine a flat interface, lined with surfactant molecules; then stretch it. As the interface stretches, gaps open between the surfactant molecules and allowing molecules from the interior of the liquid to push their way to the newly stretched interface, changing the surface tension. If the interface gets compressed, some of the excess molecules will get pushed back into the liquid bulk.

In looking at how lung surfactants respond to these cycles of compression and stretching, the researchers found that the lung liquid develops a microstructure during cycles of shallow breathing that makes the surface tension higher, thus making lungs harder to fill. In contrast, a deep breath like a sigh replenished the saturated lipids at the interface, lowering surface tension and making lungs more compliant. So a deep sigh actually can help you breathe easier. (Image credit: F. Møller; research credit: M.. Novaes-Silva et al.; via Gizmodo)

P.S. — I’ve got a book (chapter)! Several years ago, I joined an amazing group of women to write two books (one for middle grades and one for older audiences) about our journeys as scientists. And they are out now! In fact, today we’re holding a “Book Bomb” where we aim for as many of us as possible to buy the book(s) on the same day. If you’d like to join (and get ahead on your gift shopping), here are (affiliate) links:

• Persevere, Survive, and Thrive (including my story of becoming a science communicator): Amazon, Bookshop.org
• For All the Curious Girls: Amazon, Bookshop.org

#biology #fluidDynamics #lungs #physics #science #surfaceTension #surfactants

Deep Breaths Renew Lung Surfactants + A Special Announcement

Taking a deep breath may actually help you breathe easier, according to a new study. When we inhale, air fills our alveoli–tiny balloon-like compartments within our lungs. To make alveoli easier to open, they’re coated in a surfactant chemical produced by our lungs. Just as soap’s surfactant molecules squeezing between water molecules lowers the interface’s surface tension, our lung surfactants gather at the interface and lower the surface tension, making alveoli easier to inflate.

But things are a little more complicated in our lungs than in our kitchen sink because of our constant cycle of breathing, which stretches and compresses our lungs’ surfaces and surfactant layers. Imagine a flat interface, lined with surfactant molecules; then stretch it. As the interface stretches, gaps open between the surfactant molecules and allowing molecules from the interior of the liquid to push their way to the newly stretched interface, changing the surface tension. If the interface gets compressed, some of the excess molecules will get pushed back into the liquid bulk.

In looking at how lung surfactants respond to these cycles of compression and stretching, the researchers found that the lung liquid develops a microstructure during cycles of shallow breathing that makes the surface tension higher, thus making lungs harder to fill. In contrast, a deep breath like a sigh replenished the saturated lipids at the interface, lowering surface tension and making lungs more compliant. So a deep sigh actually can help you breathe easier. (Image credit: F. Møller; research credit: M.. Novaes-Silva et al.; via Gizmodo)

P.S. — I’ve got a book (chapter)! Several years ago, I joined an amazing group of women to write two books (one for middle grades and one for older audiences) about our journeys as scientists. And they are out now! In fact, today we’re holding a “Book Bomb” where we aim for as many of us as possible to buy the book(s) on the same day. If you’d like to join (and get ahead on your gift shopping), here are (affiliate) links:

• Persevere, Survive, and Thrive (including my story of becoming a science communicator): Amazon, Bookshop.org
• For All the Curious Girls: Amazon, Bookshop.org

#biology #fluidDynamics #lungs #physics #science #surfaceTension #surfactants

Deep Breaths Renew Lung Surfactants + A Special Announcement

Taking a deep breath may actually help you breathe easier, according to a new study. When we inhale, air fills our alveoli–tiny balloon-like compartments within our lungs. To make alveoli easier to open, they’re coated in a surfactant chemical produced by our lungs. Just as soap’s surfactant molecules squeezing between water molecules lowers the interface’s surface tension, our lung surfactants gather at the interface and lower the surface tension, making alveoli easier to inflate.

But things are a little more complicated in our lungs than in our kitchen sink because of our constant cycle of breathing, which stretches and compresses our lungs’ surfaces and surfactant layers. Imagine a flat interface, lined with surfactant molecules; then stretch it. As the interface stretches, gaps open between the surfactant molecules and allowing molecules from the interior of the liquid to push their way to the newly stretched interface, changing the surface tension. If the interface gets compressed, some of the excess molecules will get pushed back into the liquid bulk.

In looking at how lung surfactants respond to these cycles of compression and stretching, the researchers found that the lung liquid develops a microstructure during cycles of shallow breathing that makes the surface tension higher, thus making lungs harder to fill. In contrast, a deep breath like a sigh replenished the saturated lipids at the interface, lowering surface tension and making lungs more compliant. So a deep sigh actually can help you breathe easier. (Image credit: F. Møller; research credit: M.. Novaes-Silva et al.; via Gizmodo)

P.S. — I’ve got a book (chapter)! Several years ago, I joined an amazing group of women to write two books (one for middle grades and one for older audiences) about our journeys as scientists. And they are out now! In fact, today we’re holding a “Book Bomb” where we aim for as many of us as possible to buy the book(s) on the same day. If you’d like to join (and get ahead on your gift shopping), here are (affiliate) links:

• Persevere, Survive, and Thrive (including my story of becoming a science communicator): Amazon, Bookshop.org
• For All the Curious Girls: Amazon, Bookshop.org

#biology #fluidDynamics #lungs #physics #science #surfaceTension #surfactants

Deep Breaths Renew Lung Surfactants + A Special Announcement

Taking a deep breath may actually help you breathe easier, according to a new study. When we inhale, air fills our alveoli–tiny balloon-like compartments within our lungs. To make alveoli easier to open, they’re coated in a surfactant chemical produced by our lungs. Just as soap’s surfactant molecules squeezing between water molecules lowers the interface’s surface tension, our lung surfactants gather at the interface and lower the surface tension, making alveoli easier to inflate.

But things are a little more complicated in our lungs than in our kitchen sink because of our constant cycle of breathing, which stretches and compresses our lungs’ surfaces and surfactant layers. Imagine a flat interface, lined with surfactant molecules; then stretch it. As the interface stretches, gaps open between the surfactant molecules and allowing molecules from the interior of the liquid to push their way to the newly stretched interface, changing the surface tension. If the interface gets compressed, some of the excess molecules will get pushed back into the liquid bulk.

In looking at how lung surfactants respond to these cycles of compression and stretching, the researchers found that the lung liquid develops a microstructure during cycles of shallow breathing that makes the surface tension higher, thus making lungs harder to fill. In contrast, a deep breath like a sigh replenished the saturated lipids at the interface, lowering surface tension and making lungs more compliant. So a deep sigh actually can help you breathe easier. (Image credit: F. Møller; research credit: M.. Novaes-Silva et al.; via Gizmodo)

P.S. — I’ve got a book (chapter)! Several years ago, I joined an amazing group of women to write two books (one for middle grades and one for older audiences) about our journeys as scientists. And they are out now! In fact, today we’re holding a “Book Bomb” where we aim for as many of us as possible to buy the book(s) on the same day. If you’d like to join (and get ahead on your gift shopping), here are (affiliate) links:

• Persevere, Survive, and Thrive (including my story of becoming a science communicator): Amazon, Bookshop.org
• For All the Curious Girls: Amazon, Bookshop.org

#biology #fluidDynamics #lungs #physics #science #surfaceTension #surfactants

review article from 2019:

Who will carry out the tests that would be necessary for proper safety evaluation of food emulsifiers?
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2019.04.001

"The earliest studies investigated the co-carcinogenic potential of surfactants. As early as in the 1950s, Wong and coworkers published that polysorbate 80, when fed together with a known carcinogen (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: methylcholanthrene) significantly potentiates the local as well as distant carcinogenic activity in mice [20]. As polysorbate alone did not show any carcinogenic activity, authors concluded that polysorbate is co-carcinogen. "

...

"The impacts of surfactants on intestinal barriers were investigated already in the 1980’s. Tagesson et al. [24] in 1984 warned that surface-active food additives might impair the function of the mucosal barrier and increase the permeability of the gut to potentially toxic and pathogenic substances. In this paper polysorbate 60 and polysorbate 80 were studied on rat intestinal mucosa and found mucosal damage and increased permeability. It should be noted that this paper warned more than 30 years ago that increased absorption of macromolecules may facilitate the development of celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases and food allergy. Let us quote verbatim from their conclusion: 'it is possible that certain food additives may facilitate the intestinal absorption of potentially toxic and pathogenic compounds. This possibility should not be overlooked, since alterations in intestinal permeability may underlie a variety of diseases, not only in the gastro-intestinal tract itself but at distant sites such as the liver and joints.' Unfortunately, too little attention has been paid to this very important suggestion at that time."

#health #FoodAdditives #emulsifiers #surfactants
#Celiac #allergy #cancer

review article from 2019:

Who will carry out the tests that would be necessary for proper safety evaluation of food emulsifiers?
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2019.04.001

"The earliest studies investigated the co-carcinogenic potential of surfactants. As early as in the 1950s, Wong and coworkers published that polysorbate 80, when fed together with a known carcinogen (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: methylcholanthrene) significantly potentiates the local as well as distant carcinogenic activity in mice [20]. As polysorbate alone did not show any carcinogenic activity, authors concluded that polysorbate is co-carcinogen. "

...

"The impacts of surfactants on intestinal barriers were investigated already in the 1980’s. Tagesson et al. [24] in 1984 warned that surface-active food additives might impair the function of the mucosal barrier and increase the permeability of the gut to potentially toxic and pathogenic substances. In this paper polysorbate 60 and polysorbate 80 were studied on rat intestinal mucosa and found mucosal damage and increased permeability. It should be noted that this paper warned more than 30 years ago that increased absorption of macromolecules may facilitate the development of celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases and food allergy. Let us quote verbatim from their conclusion: 'it is possible that certain food additives may facilitate the intestinal absorption of potentially toxic and pathogenic compounds. This possibility should not be overlooked, since alterations in intestinal permeability may underlie a variety of diseases, not only in the gastro-intestinal tract itself but at distant sites such as the liver and joints.' Unfortunately, too little attention has been paid to this very important suggestion at that time."

#health #FoodAdditives #emulsifiers #surfactants
#Celiac #allergy #cancer

review article from 2019:

Who will carry out the tests that would be necessary for proper safety evaluation of food emulsifiers?
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2019.04.001

"The earliest studies investigated the co-carcinogenic potential of surfactants. As early as in the 1950s, Wong and coworkers published that polysorbate 80, when fed together with a known carcinogen (a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: methylcholanthrene) significantly potentiates the local as well as distant carcinogenic activity in mice [20]. As polysorbate alone did not show any carcinogenic activity, authors concluded that polysorbate is co-carcinogen. "

...

"The impacts of surfactants on intestinal barriers were investigated already in the 1980’s. Tagesson et al. [24] in 1984 warned that surface-active food additives might impair the function of the mucosal barrier and increase the permeability of the gut to potentially toxic and pathogenic substances. In this paper polysorbate 60 and polysorbate 80 were studied on rat intestinal mucosa and found mucosal damage and increased permeability. It should be noted that this paper warned more than 30 years ago that increased absorption of macromolecules may facilitate the development of celiac disease, inflammatory bowel diseases and food allergy. Let us quote verbatim from their conclusion: 'it is possible that certain food additives may facilitate the intestinal absorption of potentially toxic and pathogenic compounds. This possibility should not be overlooked, since alterations in intestinal permeability may underlie a variety of diseases, not only in the gastro-intestinal tract itself but at distant sites such as the liver and joints.' Unfortunately, too little attention has been paid to this very important suggestion at that time."

#health #FoodAdditives #emulsifiers #surfactants
#Celiac #allergy #cancer

Even my waste dish is pretty 🤩 #RealTimeChem #Surfactants #UV-Vis #methyleneBlue #disulfideBlue

Even my waste dish is pretty 🤩 #RealTimeChem #Surfactants #UV-Vis #methyleneBlue #disulfideBlue