home.social

#safetyii — Public Fediverse posts

Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #safetyii, aggregated by home.social.

  1. Tuning into whispered frequencies: Harnessing Large Language Models to detect Weak Signals in complex socio-technical systems

    This study evaluated whether LLMs can support a scaled and systematic analysis of surveyed data about worker adaptive practices, to foster weak signal ID.

    E.g. can LLMs help identify weak signals from large-scale data. In this case, textual data describing frontline personnel adaptive behaviours during everyday operations. This was obtained via survey.

    PS. Check out my YouTube channel: https://www.youtube.com/@safe_as_pod

    Extracts:

    ·        “Systems performance varies in everyday operations due to various internal and external factors, with individuals forced to adapt their performance to cope with any given situation”

    ·        “The factors behind these adaptations are not usually evident, as they may emerge from disconnected pieces of information. Making sense of them refers to identifying ‘weak signals’”

    ·        “Data gathering on adaptive performance is rarely performed, if disconnected from adverse events,” even though it “may have several benefits to fully grasp the actual status of the system and understand the mechanisms that sustain its operation.”

    ·        Manual analysis is useful, but limited as “the dominance of human contribution in textual data analysis significantly limits its applicability and scalability”

    ·        The “weak signals identified through the proposed approach are intrinsically socio-technical, as they emerge from the ways in which people adapt, coordinate, prioritize, and make trade-offs in everyday operations”

    ·        This approach isn’t just related to weak signals of emerging risks, but “can also unearth weak signals that contribute positively to system performance”, e.g. “positive weak signals” represent the very mechanisms that ensure system resilience in everyday operations. They reveal how systems continue to function effectively despite uncertainty, constraints, and competing goals, by relying on adaptive capacity rather than strict procedural compliance”

    ·        “This study demonstrates how the application of LLM-driven analysis can reveal subtle but potentially crucial weak signals within ultra-safe, complex socio-technical environments”

    ·        One weak signal was “the combination of the absence of specific procedures and colleagues’ pressure during events characterized by communication issues”

    ·        The study “demonstrates how the application of LLM-driven analysis can reveal subtle but potentially crucial weak signals within ultra-safe, complex socio-technical environments”

    ·        The authors claim that such patterns are “hard to grasp by traditional methods”

    ·        Further, “proactive safety improvements” and “strengthening the foundations of knowledge management in high-stakes domains”

    Lombardi, M., & Patriarca, R. (2026). Tuning into whispered frequencies: Harnessing Large Language Models to detect Weak Signals in complex socio-technical systems. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 176, 114738.

    #ai #llm #safety #risk #safetyengineering

    Study link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2026.114738

    My YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@safe_as_pod
    My site with more reviews: SafetyInsights.org
    Shout me a coffee: https://buymeacoffee.com/benhutchinson
    Safe As LinkedIn group: https://www.linkedin.com/groups/14717868

    #adaptiveBehaviour #ai #artificialIntelligence #llm #resilienceEngineering #safetyIi #weakSignals
  2. Compendium of Nancy Leveson: STAMP, STPA, CAST and Systems Thinking

    Although I don’t often mention or post about Leveson’s work, she’s probably been the most influential thinker on my approach after Barry Turner.

    So here is a mini-compendium covering some of Leveson’s work.

    Feel free to shout a coffee if you’d like to support the growth of my site:

    https://buymeacoffee.com/benhutchinson

    https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/2908/Engineering-a-Safer-WorldSystems-Thinking-Applied

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102747/esd-wp-2003-01.19.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/108102/Leveson_Applying%20systems.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dr206s3/qt5dr206s3_noSplash_4453efa62859a16d187fa5e66d414ac2.pdf

    https://escholarship.org/content/qt8dg859ns/qt8dg859ns_noSplash_e67040b78c1ff72e51b682bb23d8628a.pdf

    https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840608101478

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=b2107d4823fa8b3eb83ecc8db006e8aecfe2994a

    https://doi.org/10.1145/7474.7528

    http://therm.ward.bay.wiki.org/assets/pages/documents-archived/safety-3.pdf

    https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2qwmAQAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA177&dq=nancy+leveson&ots=uwtXVFUky7&sig=6P-5cOxcra9-3pcFBLYgYPeq5KQ

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/108601/Leveson_A%20systems%20approach.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=57bd4861d6819bdd6543e3a8ca841aa0b98bbe5a

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/Rasmussen-Legacy.pdf

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1015623

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=08434b0b1eba947fb7251be7daba9c50eab2e8d2

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/issc03-stpa.doc

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/92371/Leveson-Stephanopoulos%20final%20copy.pdf?sequence=1

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/92371/Leveson-Stephanopoulos%20final%20copy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.07.028

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/shell-moerdijk-cast.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/CAST-Handbook.pdf

    https://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/get_file.php?name=STPA_Handbook.pdf

    https://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/JThomas-STPA-Introduction.pdf

    https://cris.vtt.fi/ws/portalfiles/portal/98296189/Complete_with_DocuSign_2024-1-2_STPA_guide_F.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/79639/Leveson_Modeling%20and%20hazard.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/116713/INCOSE2017_Yisug%20Kwon_no%20UTC%20info.pdf?sequence=1

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/UPS-CAST-Final.pdf

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100912

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/107502/974705860-MIT.pdf?sequence=1

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nektarios-Karanikas/publication/356085051_The_past_and_present_of_System-Theoretic_Accident_Model_And_Processes_STAMP_and_its_associated_techniques_A_scoping_review/links/6191925ad7d1af224bef6b04/The-past-and-present-of-System-Theoretic-Accident-Model-And-Processes-STAMP-and-its-associated-techniques-A-scoping-review.pdf

    https://proceedings.systemdynamics.org/2007/proceed/papers/DULAC552.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/nasa-class/jsr-final.pdf

    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2556938

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1015623

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102833/esd-wp-2011-13.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/79639/Leveson_Modeling%20and%20hazard.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=3a04c89efd23efda86f134e0e2f0683394a181c6

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705815038588/pdf?md5=78fccb436abe513b814fb520d01e209e&pid=1-s2.0-S1877705815038588-main.pdf

    https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-abstract/15/3/272/727503?redirectedFrom=PDF

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/115366/16-1-18%20J%20Pt%20Safety%20Leveson%20%26%20Raman%20CAST_Checklist_JPtSafety2016%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/106665/Leveson_Application%20of%20systems.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://www.academia.edu/29657886/The_systems_approach_to_medicine_controversy_and_misconceptions

    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3376127

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522316000702

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/caib/issc-bl-2.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/ARP4761-Comparison-Report-final-1.pdf

    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8102762

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1011241

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1260/2040-2295.3.3.391

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=d39a0850269262753d27f659243de73eb8bc8e13

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=7e822452213a80be9bc7a5a7f5c13032c6fdd60f

    https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/41716/978-3-030-47229-0.pdf?sequence=1#page=25

    https://maritimesafetyinnovationlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/White-Paper-on-Approaches-to-Safety-Engineering-Leveson-2003.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221526167_Using_System_Dynamics_for_Safety_and_Risk_Management_in_Complex_Engineering_Systems

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/incose-04.pdf

    https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78070242.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102767/esd-wp-2004-08.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/59813/leveson_The%20Need%20for%20New.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2014.1001445

    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20230017753/downloads/Kopeikin_AIAA_UnsafeCollabControl_v5.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/accidents/space2001-version2.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/90801/891583966-MIT.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/Bow-tie-final.pdf

    https://cs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings232/597.pdf

    https://a3e.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Risk-Matrix.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a6b1e3482543a0116a5666e22956e773e953d682

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/21695067231192457

    https://jsystemsafety.com/index.php/jss/article/download/44/41

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/compliance-with-882.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edward-Bachelder-3/publication/245875378_Describing_and_Probing_Complex_System_Behavior_A_Graphical_Approach/links/61f349978d338833e39cedfc/Describing-and-Probing-Complex-System-Behavior-A-Graphical-Approach.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a17b2fa804e0f3e281dc88e959be9216328ae6cc#page=290

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Earl-Hunt/publication/23920138_Demonstration_of_a_Safety_Analysis_on_a_Complex_System/links/561ea59908aecade1acce7ca/Demonstration-of-a-Safety-Analysis-on-a-Complex-System.pdf

    https://meridian.allenpress.com/bit/article-pdf/47/2/115/1488089/0899-8205-47_2_115.pdf

    LinkedIn post:

    #CAST #disaster #nancyLeveson #resilienceEngineering #risk #safetyScience #safetyIi #safety2 #safetyii #stamp #stpa #systemSafety #systemsEngineering #systemsSafety #systemsThinking

  3. Compendium of Nancy Leveson: STAMP, STPA, CAST and Systems Thinking

    Although I don’t often mention or post about Leveson’s work, she’s probably been the most influential thinker on my approach after Barry Turner.

    So here is a mini-compendium covering some of Leveson’s work.

    Feel free to shout a coffee if you’d like to support the growth of my site:

    https://buymeacoffee.com/benhutchinson

    https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/2908/Engineering-a-Safer-WorldSystems-Thinking-Applied

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102747/esd-wp-2003-01.19.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/108102/Leveson_Applying%20systems.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dr206s3/qt5dr206s3_noSplash_4453efa62859a16d187fa5e66d414ac2.pdf

    https://escholarship.org/content/qt8dg859ns/qt8dg859ns_noSplash_e67040b78c1ff72e51b682bb23d8628a.pdf

    https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840608101478

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=b2107d4823fa8b3eb83ecc8db006e8aecfe2994a

    https://doi.org/10.1145/7474.7528

    http://therm.ward.bay.wiki.org/assets/pages/documents-archived/safety-3.pdf

    https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2qwmAQAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA177&dq=nancy+leveson&ots=uwtXVFUky7&sig=6P-5cOxcra9-3pcFBLYgYPeq5KQ

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/108601/Leveson_A%20systems%20approach.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=57bd4861d6819bdd6543e3a8ca841aa0b98bbe5a

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/Rasmussen-Legacy.pdf

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1015623

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=08434b0b1eba947fb7251be7daba9c50eab2e8d2

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/issc03-stpa.doc

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/92371/Leveson-Stephanopoulos%20final%20copy.pdf?sequence=1

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/92371/Leveson-Stephanopoulos%20final%20copy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.07.028

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/shell-moerdijk-cast.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/CAST-Handbook.pdf

    https://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/get_file.php?name=STPA_Handbook.pdf

    https://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/JThomas-STPA-Introduction.pdf

    https://cris.vtt.fi/ws/portalfiles/portal/98296189/Complete_with_DocuSign_2024-1-2_STPA_guide_F.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/79639/Leveson_Modeling%20and%20hazard.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/116713/INCOSE2017_Yisug%20Kwon_no%20UTC%20info.pdf?sequence=1

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/UPS-CAST-Final.pdf

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100912

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/107502/974705860-MIT.pdf?sequence=1

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nektarios-Karanikas/publication/356085051_The_past_and_present_of_System-Theoretic_Accident_Model_And_Processes_STAMP_and_its_associated_techniques_A_scoping_review/links/6191925ad7d1af224bef6b04/The-past-and-present-of-System-Theoretic-Accident-Model-And-Processes-STAMP-and-its-associated-techniques-A-scoping-review.pdf

    https://proceedings.systemdynamics.org/2007/proceed/papers/DULAC552.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/nasa-class/jsr-final.pdf

    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2556938

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1015623

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102833/esd-wp-2011-13.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/79639/Leveson_Modeling%20and%20hazard.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=3a04c89efd23efda86f134e0e2f0683394a181c6

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705815038588/pdf?md5=78fccb436abe513b814fb520d01e209e&pid=1-s2.0-S1877705815038588-main.pdf

    https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-abstract/15/3/272/727503?redirectedFrom=PDF

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/115366/16-1-18%20J%20Pt%20Safety%20Leveson%20%26%20Raman%20CAST_Checklist_JPtSafety2016%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/106665/Leveson_Application%20of%20systems.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://www.academia.edu/29657886/The_systems_approach_to_medicine_controversy_and_misconceptions

    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3376127

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522316000702

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/caib/issc-bl-2.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/ARP4761-Comparison-Report-final-1.pdf

    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8102762

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1011241

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1260/2040-2295.3.3.391

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=d39a0850269262753d27f659243de73eb8bc8e13

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=7e822452213a80be9bc7a5a7f5c13032c6fdd60f

    https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/41716/978-3-030-47229-0.pdf?sequence=1#page=25

    https://maritimesafetyinnovationlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/White-Paper-on-Approaches-to-Safety-Engineering-Leveson-2003.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221526167_Using_System_Dynamics_for_Safety_and_Risk_Management_in_Complex_Engineering_Systems

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/incose-04.pdf

    https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78070242.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102767/esd-wp-2004-08.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/59813/leveson_The%20Need%20for%20New.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2014.1001445

    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20230017753/downloads/Kopeikin_AIAA_UnsafeCollabControl_v5.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/accidents/space2001-version2.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/90801/891583966-MIT.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/Bow-tie-final.pdf

    https://cs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings232/597.pdf

    https://a3e.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Risk-Matrix.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a6b1e3482543a0116a5666e22956e773e953d682

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/21695067231192457

    https://jsystemsafety.com/index.php/jss/article/download/44/41

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/compliance-with-882.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edward-Bachelder-3/publication/245875378_Describing_and_Probing_Complex_System_Behavior_A_Graphical_Approach/links/61f349978d338833e39cedfc/Describing-and-Probing-Complex-System-Behavior-A-Graphical-Approach.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a17b2fa804e0f3e281dc88e959be9216328ae6cc#page=290

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Earl-Hunt/publication/23920138_Demonstration_of_a_Safety_Analysis_on_a_Complex_System/links/561ea59908aecade1acce7ca/Demonstration-of-a-Safety-Analysis-on-a-Complex-System.pdf

    https://meridian.allenpress.com/bit/article-pdf/47/2/115/1488089/0899-8205-47_2_115.pdf

    LinkedIn post:

    #CAST #disaster #nancyLeveson #resilienceEngineering #risk #safetyScience #safetyIi #safety2 #safetyii #stamp #stpa #systemSafety #systemsEngineering #systemsSafety #systemsThinking

  4. Compendium of Nancy Leveson: STAMP, STPA, CAST and Systems Thinking

    Although I don’t often mention or post about Leveson’s work, she’s probably been the most influential thinker on my approach after Barry Turner.

    So here is a mini-compendium covering some of Leveson’s work.

    Feel free to shout a coffee if you’d like to support the growth of my site:

    https://buymeacoffee.com/benhutchinson

    https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/2908/Engineering-a-Safer-WorldSystems-Thinking-Applied

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102747/esd-wp-2003-01.19.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/108102/Leveson_Applying%20systems.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dr206s3/qt5dr206s3_noSplash_4453efa62859a16d187fa5e66d414ac2.pdf

    https://escholarship.org/content/qt8dg859ns/qt8dg859ns_noSplash_e67040b78c1ff72e51b682bb23d8628a.pdf

    https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840608101478

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=b2107d4823fa8b3eb83ecc8db006e8aecfe2994a

    https://doi.org/10.1145/7474.7528

    http://therm.ward.bay.wiki.org/assets/pages/documents-archived/safety-3.pdf

    https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2qwmAQAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA177&dq=nancy+leveson&ots=uwtXVFUky7&sig=6P-5cOxcra9-3pcFBLYgYPeq5KQ

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/108601/Leveson_A%20systems%20approach.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=57bd4861d6819bdd6543e3a8ca841aa0b98bbe5a

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/Rasmussen-Legacy.pdf

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1015623

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=08434b0b1eba947fb7251be7daba9c50eab2e8d2

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/issc03-stpa.doc

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/92371/Leveson-Stephanopoulos%20final%20copy.pdf?sequence=1

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/92371/Leveson-Stephanopoulos%20final%20copy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.07.028

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/shell-moerdijk-cast.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/CAST-Handbook.pdf

    https://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/get_file.php?name=STPA_Handbook.pdf

    https://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/JThomas-STPA-Introduction.pdf

    https://cris.vtt.fi/ws/portalfiles/portal/98296189/Complete_with_DocuSign_2024-1-2_STPA_guide_F.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/79639/Leveson_Modeling%20and%20hazard.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/116713/INCOSE2017_Yisug%20Kwon_no%20UTC%20info.pdf?sequence=1

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/UPS-CAST-Final.pdf

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100912

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/107502/974705860-MIT.pdf?sequence=1

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nektarios-Karanikas/publication/356085051_The_past_and_present_of_System-Theoretic_Accident_Model_And_Processes_STAMP_and_its_associated_techniques_A_scoping_review/links/6191925ad7d1af224bef6b04/The-past-and-present-of-System-Theoretic-Accident-Model-And-Processes-STAMP-and-its-associated-techniques-A-scoping-review.pdf

    https://proceedings.systemdynamics.org/2007/proceed/papers/DULAC552.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/nasa-class/jsr-final.pdf

    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2556938

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1015623

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102833/esd-wp-2011-13.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/79639/Leveson_Modeling%20and%20hazard.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=3a04c89efd23efda86f134e0e2f0683394a181c6

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705815038588/pdf?md5=78fccb436abe513b814fb520d01e209e&pid=1-s2.0-S1877705815038588-main.pdf

    https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-abstract/15/3/272/727503?redirectedFrom=PDF

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/115366/16-1-18%20J%20Pt%20Safety%20Leveson%20%26%20Raman%20CAST_Checklist_JPtSafety2016%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/106665/Leveson_Application%20of%20systems.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://www.academia.edu/29657886/The_systems_approach_to_medicine_controversy_and_misconceptions

    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3376127

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522316000702

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/caib/issc-bl-2.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/ARP4761-Comparison-Report-final-1.pdf

    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8102762

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1011241

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1260/2040-2295.3.3.391

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=d39a0850269262753d27f659243de73eb8bc8e13

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=7e822452213a80be9bc7a5a7f5c13032c6fdd60f

    https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/41716/978-3-030-47229-0.pdf?sequence=1#page=25

    https://maritimesafetyinnovationlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/White-Paper-on-Approaches-to-Safety-Engineering-Leveson-2003.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221526167_Using_System_Dynamics_for_Safety_and_Risk_Management_in_Complex_Engineering_Systems

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/incose-04.pdf

    https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78070242.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102767/esd-wp-2004-08.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/59813/leveson_The%20Need%20for%20New.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2014.1001445

    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20230017753/downloads/Kopeikin_AIAA_UnsafeCollabControl_v5.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/accidents/space2001-version2.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/90801/891583966-MIT.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/Bow-tie-final.pdf

    https://cs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings232/597.pdf

    https://a3e.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Risk-Matrix.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a6b1e3482543a0116a5666e22956e773e953d682

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/21695067231192457

    https://jsystemsafety.com/index.php/jss/article/download/44/41

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/compliance-with-882.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edward-Bachelder-3/publication/245875378_Describing_and_Probing_Complex_System_Behavior_A_Graphical_Approach/links/61f349978d338833e39cedfc/Describing-and-Probing-Complex-System-Behavior-A-Graphical-Approach.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a17b2fa804e0f3e281dc88e959be9216328ae6cc#page=290

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Earl-Hunt/publication/23920138_Demonstration_of_a_Safety_Analysis_on_a_Complex_System/links/561ea59908aecade1acce7ca/Demonstration-of-a-Safety-Analysis-on-a-Complex-System.pdf

    https://meridian.allenpress.com/bit/article-pdf/47/2/115/1488089/0899-8205-47_2_115.pdf

    LinkedIn post:

    #CAST #disaster #nancyLeveson #resilienceEngineering #risk #safetyScience #safetyIi #safety2 #safetyii #stamp #stpa #systemSafety #systemsEngineering #systemsSafety #systemsThinking

  5. Compendium of Nancy Leveson: STAMP, STPA, CAST and Systems Thinking

    Although I don’t often mention or post about Leveson’s work, she’s probably been the most influential thinker on my approach after Barry Turner.

    So here is a mini-compendium covering some of Leveson’s work.

    Feel free to shout a coffee if you’d like to support the growth of my site:

    https://buymeacoffee.com/benhutchinson

    https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/2908/Engineering-a-Safer-WorldSystems-Thinking-Applied

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102747/esd-wp-2003-01.19.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/108102/Leveson_Applying%20systems.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dr206s3/qt5dr206s3_noSplash_4453efa62859a16d187fa5e66d414ac2.pdf

    https://escholarship.org/content/qt8dg859ns/qt8dg859ns_noSplash_e67040b78c1ff72e51b682bb23d8628a.pdf

    https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840608101478

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=b2107d4823fa8b3eb83ecc8db006e8aecfe2994a

    https://doi.org/10.1145/7474.7528

    http://therm.ward.bay.wiki.org/assets/pages/documents-archived/safety-3.pdf

    https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2qwmAQAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA177&dq=nancy+leveson&ots=uwtXVFUky7&sig=6P-5cOxcra9-3pcFBLYgYPeq5KQ

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/108601/Leveson_A%20systems%20approach.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=57bd4861d6819bdd6543e3a8ca841aa0b98bbe5a

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/Rasmussen-Legacy.pdf

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1015623

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=08434b0b1eba947fb7251be7daba9c50eab2e8d2

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/issc03-stpa.doc

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/92371/Leveson-Stephanopoulos%20final%20copy.pdf?sequence=1

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/92371/Leveson-Stephanopoulos%20final%20copy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.07.028

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/shell-moerdijk-cast.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/CAST-Handbook.pdf

    https://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/get_file.php?name=STPA_Handbook.pdf

    https://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/JThomas-STPA-Introduction.pdf

    https://cris.vtt.fi/ws/portalfiles/portal/98296189/Complete_with_DocuSign_2024-1-2_STPA_guide_F.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/79639/Leveson_Modeling%20and%20hazard.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/116713/INCOSE2017_Yisug%20Kwon_no%20UTC%20info.pdf?sequence=1

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/UPS-CAST-Final.pdf

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100912

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/107502/974705860-MIT.pdf?sequence=1

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nektarios-Karanikas/publication/356085051_The_past_and_present_of_System-Theoretic_Accident_Model_And_Processes_STAMP_and_its_associated_techniques_A_scoping_review/links/6191925ad7d1af224bef6b04/The-past-and-present-of-System-Theoretic-Accident-Model-And-Processes-STAMP-and-its-associated-techniques-A-scoping-review.pdf

    https://proceedings.systemdynamics.org/2007/proceed/papers/DULAC552.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/nasa-class/jsr-final.pdf

    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2556938

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1015623

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102833/esd-wp-2011-13.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/79639/Leveson_Modeling%20and%20hazard.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=3a04c89efd23efda86f134e0e2f0683394a181c6

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705815038588/pdf?md5=78fccb436abe513b814fb520d01e209e&pid=1-s2.0-S1877705815038588-main.pdf

    https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-abstract/15/3/272/727503?redirectedFrom=PDF

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/115366/16-1-18%20J%20Pt%20Safety%20Leveson%20%26%20Raman%20CAST_Checklist_JPtSafety2016%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/106665/Leveson_Application%20of%20systems.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://www.academia.edu/29657886/The_systems_approach_to_medicine_controversy_and_misconceptions

    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3376127

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522316000702

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/caib/issc-bl-2.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/ARP4761-Comparison-Report-final-1.pdf

    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8102762

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1011241

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1260/2040-2295.3.3.391

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=d39a0850269262753d27f659243de73eb8bc8e13

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=7e822452213a80be9bc7a5a7f5c13032c6fdd60f

    https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/41716/978-3-030-47229-0.pdf?sequence=1#page=25

    https://maritimesafetyinnovationlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/White-Paper-on-Approaches-to-Safety-Engineering-Leveson-2003.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221526167_Using_System_Dynamics_for_Safety_and_Risk_Management_in_Complex_Engineering_Systems

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/incose-04.pdf

    https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78070242.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102767/esd-wp-2004-08.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/59813/leveson_The%20Need%20for%20New.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2014.1001445

    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20230017753/downloads/Kopeikin_AIAA_UnsafeCollabControl_v5.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/accidents/space2001-version2.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/90801/891583966-MIT.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/Bow-tie-final.pdf

    https://cs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings232/597.pdf

    https://a3e.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Risk-Matrix.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a6b1e3482543a0116a5666e22956e773e953d682

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/21695067231192457

    https://jsystemsafety.com/index.php/jss/article/download/44/41

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/compliance-with-882.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edward-Bachelder-3/publication/245875378_Describing_and_Probing_Complex_System_Behavior_A_Graphical_Approach/links/61f349978d338833e39cedfc/Describing-and-Probing-Complex-System-Behavior-A-Graphical-Approach.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a17b2fa804e0f3e281dc88e959be9216328ae6cc#page=290

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Earl-Hunt/publication/23920138_Demonstration_of_a_Safety_Analysis_on_a_Complex_System/links/561ea59908aecade1acce7ca/Demonstration-of-a-Safety-Analysis-on-a-Complex-System.pdf

    https://meridian.allenpress.com/bit/article-pdf/47/2/115/1488089/0899-8205-47_2_115.pdf

    LinkedIn post:

    #CAST #disaster #nancyLeveson #resilienceEngineering #risk #safetyScience #safetyIi #safety2 #safetyii #stamp #stpa #systemSafety #systemsEngineering #systemsSafety #systemsThinking

  6. Compendium of Nancy Leveson: STAMP, STPA, CAST and Systems Thinking

    Although I don’t often mention or post about Leveson’s work, she’s probably been the most influential thinker on my approach after Barry Turner.

    So here is a mini-compendium covering some of Leveson’s work.

    Feel free to shout a coffee if you’d like to support the growth of my site:

    https://buymeacoffee.com/benhutchinson

    https://direct.mit.edu/books/oa-monograph/2908/Engineering-a-Safer-WorldSystems-Thinking-Applied

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102747/esd-wp-2003-01.19.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/108102/Leveson_Applying%20systems.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dr206s3/qt5dr206s3_noSplash_4453efa62859a16d187fa5e66d414ac2.pdf

    https://escholarship.org/content/qt8dg859ns/qt8dg859ns_noSplash_e67040b78c1ff72e51b682bb23d8628a.pdf

    https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840608101478

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=b2107d4823fa8b3eb83ecc8db006e8aecfe2994a

    https://doi.org/10.1145/7474.7528

    http://therm.ward.bay.wiki.org/assets/pages/documents-archived/safety-3.pdf

    https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2qwmAQAAIAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA177&dq=nancy+leveson&ots=uwtXVFUky7&sig=6P-5cOxcra9-3pcFBLYgYPeq5KQ

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/108601/Leveson_A%20systems%20approach.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=57bd4861d6819bdd6543e3a8ca841aa0b98bbe5a

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/Rasmussen-Legacy.pdf

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1015623

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=08434b0b1eba947fb7251be7daba9c50eab2e8d2

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/issc03-stpa.doc

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/92371/Leveson-Stephanopoulos%20final%20copy.pdf?sequence=1

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/92371/Leveson-Stephanopoulos%20final%20copy.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.07.028

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/shell-moerdijk-cast.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/CAST-Handbook.pdf

    https://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/get_file.php?name=STPA_Handbook.pdf

    https://psas.scripts.mit.edu/home/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/JThomas-STPA-Introduction.pdf

    https://cris.vtt.fi/ws/portalfiles/portal/98296189/Complete_with_DocuSign_2024-1-2_STPA_guide_F.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/79639/Leveson_Modeling%20and%20hazard.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/116713/INCOSE2017_Yisug%20Kwon_no%20UTC%20info.pdf?sequence=1

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/UPS-CAST-Final.pdf

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trip.2023.100912

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/107502/974705860-MIT.pdf?sequence=1

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Nektarios-Karanikas/publication/356085051_The_past_and_present_of_System-Theoretic_Accident_Model_And_Processes_STAMP_and_its_associated_techniques_A_scoping_review/links/6191925ad7d1af224bef6b04/The-past-and-present-of-System-Theoretic-Accident-Model-And-Processes-STAMP-and-its-associated-techniques-A-scoping-review.pdf

    https://proceedings.systemdynamics.org/2007/proceed/papers/DULAC552.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/nasa-class/jsr-final.pdf

    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/2556938

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1015623

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102833/esd-wp-2011-13.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/79639/Leveson_Modeling%20and%20hazard.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=3a04c89efd23efda86f134e0e2f0683394a181c6

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705815038588/pdf?md5=78fccb436abe513b814fb520d01e209e&pid=1-s2.0-S1877705815038588-main.pdf

    https://academic.oup.com/jamia/article-abstract/15/3/272/727503?redirectedFrom=PDF

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/115366/16-1-18%20J%20Pt%20Safety%20Leveson%20%26%20Raman%20CAST_Checklist_JPtSafety2016%20%281%29.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/106665/Leveson_Application%20of%20systems.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://www.academia.edu/29657886/The_systems_approach_to_medicine_controversy_and_misconceptions

    https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3376127

    https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022522316000702

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/caib/issc-bl-2.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/ARP4761-Comparison-Report-final-1.pdf

    https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?arnumber=8102762

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2015.1011241

    https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1260/2040-2295.3.3.391

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=d39a0850269262753d27f659243de73eb8bc8e13

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=7e822452213a80be9bc7a5a7f5c13032c6fdd60f

    https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/41716/978-3-030-47229-0.pdf?sequence=1#page=25

    https://maritimesafetyinnovationlab.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/White-Paper-on-Approaches-to-Safety-Engineering-Leveson-2003.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221526167_Using_System_Dynamics_for_Safety_and_Risk_Management_in_Complex_Engineering_Systems

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/papers/incose-04.pdf

    https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/78070242.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/102767/esd-wp-2004-08.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/59813/leveson_The%20Need%20for%20New.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/00140139.2014.1001445

    https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20230017753/downloads/Kopeikin_AIAA_UnsafeCollabControl_v5.pdf

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/accidents/space2001-version2.pdf

    https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/90801/891583966-MIT.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/Bow-tie-final.pdf

    https://cs.emis.de/LNI/Proceedings/Proceedings232/597.pdf

    https://a3e.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Risk-Matrix.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a6b1e3482543a0116a5666e22956e773e953d682

    https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/21695067231192457

    https://jsystemsafety.com/index.php/jss/article/download/44/41

    http://sunnyday.mit.edu/compliance-with-882.pdf

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edward-Bachelder-3/publication/245875378_Describing_and_Probing_Complex_System_Behavior_A_Graphical_Approach/links/61f349978d338833e39cedfc/Describing-and-Probing-Complex-System-Behavior-A-Graphical-Approach.pdf

    https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=a17b2fa804e0f3e281dc88e959be9216328ae6cc#page=290

    https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Earl-Hunt/publication/23920138_Demonstration_of_a_Safety_Analysis_on_a_Complex_System/links/561ea59908aecade1acce7ca/Demonstration-of-a-Safety-Analysis-on-a-Complex-System.pdf

    https://meridian.allenpress.com/bit/article-pdf/47/2/115/1488089/0899-8205-47_2_115.pdf

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