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  1. 45 years ago today, US President #RonaldReagan greets predecessors #JimmyCarter, #GeraldFord, and #RichardNixon before sending them to Egypt for #AnwarSadat's funeral.

  2. A Look Back at X-Men 2099 #19 (1995)

    Disclaimer: This is my original work with details sourced from reading the comic book and doing personal research. Anyone who wants to use this article, in part or in whole, needs to secure first my permission and agree to cite me as the source and author. Let it be known that any unauthorized use of this article will constrain the author to pursue the remedies under R.A. No. 8293, the Revised Penal Code, and/or all applicable legal actions under the laws of the Philippines.

    Welcome back, superhero enthusiasts, 1990s culture enthusiasts, X-Men fans and comic book collectors! Today we revisit the Marvel Comics shared universe through one of the many tales of the X-Men 2099 monthly series.  

    Issue #18 had some political flavor as it tried to shake the foundation of the X-Men 2099 series. It also had symbolism that reminded me about the criminal past of Las Vegas, the twisted Black Panthers (the evil Marxist-Leninist and black power political organization of America) and the social unrest that happened in America during the era of Richard Nixon as US President. At this point in the series, the futuristic X-Men are a shell of themselves as the members have been separated and are involved in different developments far away from each other.

    With those details laid down, here is a look back at X-Men 2099 #19, published by Marvel Comics in 1995 with a story written by John Francis Moore and drawn by Ron Lim.

    The cover.

    Early story

    The story begins inside an old facility in New Mexico. Shakti, who is only wearing a t-shirt and a panty – has been unconscious for several minutes. After waking up, she learns that a thermionic detonator (left by their former leader Xi’an) has been set to explode and time is quickly running out. She also realizes that the bodies of the Chosen have been taken.

    In desperation, she wakes up Skullfire and Luna, and they ran out of the facility to save themselves. The facility blows up and Skullfire asks Shakti for an explanation. She reveals to him that Xi’an – whom she momentarily encountered several minutes prior – is responsible for the destruction and he clearly made an attempt to kill them all. As such, Xi’an is now an enemy of the X-Men.

    Meanwhile in Las Vegas, a heavily mutated and oversized Lytton Synge grabs his sister Desdemona by the neck. While explaining details to him, Desdemona uses a failsafe device to cause him to stop moving and free her. She puts on additional gear that enables her to control Lytton’s body and she made it clear to him that he will be used against Halloween Jack…

    Quality

    Desdemona, Halloween Jack and Meanstreak are together again. Desdemona here had a desperate attempt to reclaim the casino and their company from Halloween Jack.

    There is a good amount of intrigue in this comic book covering the three plot threads. The thread of Shakti, Skullfire and Luna was very short but it added to the tension about having their former leader Xi’an as a deadly enemy.

    On the other hand, the events set in Las Vegas saw the return of Lytton Synge in a bloated, Hulk-like figure as Desdemona used him to attack Halloween Jack who has gained control of the Synge business empire (at least in the building they are in) as he continues with his obsession of changing Las Vegas and moving forward with his plan that could mean doom for the city. In this particular plot thread, Halloween Jack has prepared highly advanced technology to redefine Las Vegas in the most phenomenal way. What I find disturbing is Meanstreak’s lack of morality as he keeps on assisting Halloween Jack (his old friend Jordan) with his sinister plan. This makes Meanstreak appear cold-hearted, sinister and unbecoming as an X-Men member.

    Over at California, Krystalin pursues a mission to find Billy the Kid as she has absolutely no choice as the life of her brother is at stake. The Free Radicals literally have her cornered and she cannot do anything except doing what they want her to do. In this particular plot thread, the creators did a good job presenting Krystalin as desperate as she is in the middle of a conflict between the Panthers of Wakanda (where her brother belongs to) and the Free Radicals.

    Conclusion

    Shakti in a very dangerous situation with not much time left.

    X-Men 2099 #19 (1995) unsurprisingly moved plot developments forward. Apart from developing the X-Men members more, this comic book also expanded the lore of 2099 America nicely. At this stage, I am eager to find out what would happen next to the X-Men members in their respective plot threads. That said, I am still engaged enough to continue with the remaining X-Men 2099 issues that I have yet to read.

    Overall, X-Men 2099 #19 (1995) is recommended.

    +++++

    Thank you for reading. If you find this article engaging, please click the like button below and also please consider sharing this article to others. If you are looking for a copywriter to create content for your special project or business, check out my services and my portfolio. If you want to support my website, please consider making a donation. Feel free to contact me with a private message. Also please feel free to visit my Facebook page Author Carlo Carrasco and follow me on Twitter at  @HavenorFantasy as well as on Tumblr at https://carlocarrasco.tumblr.com/ and on Instagram at https://www.instagram.com/authorcarlocarrasco/.

    #1990s #Africa #Africans #America #AmericanIndians #amusement #BlackLivesMatter #BlackLivesMatterBLM #BlackPantherPartyBPP #BlackPanthers #Bloodhawk #BrimstoneLove #CarloCarrasco #Cerebra #ChatGPT #comic #comicBook #comicBookAdaptation #ComicBookReview #comicBooks #comicReview #comics #comicsBlog #comicsReview #Communist #DesdemonaSynge #entertainment #entertainmentBlog #FallOfTheHammer #Fediverse #Freakshow #fun #geek #HalloweenJack #HenriHuang #Hippies #illustratedLiterature #Indians #Instagram #IslamicTerrorists #Islamist #IslamoLeft #JohnFrancisMoore #JordanBoone #Krystalin #LasVegas #leftist #liberal #literature #Luna #Marvel #Marvel2099 #MarvelComics #MarvelEntertainment #Marxist #Mastodon #Meanstreak #megaCorporationsMegaCorps #Metalhead #minorities #multiculturalism #Nevada #nostalgia #PalestinianTerrorists #Palestinians #Panthers #politicalCorrectness #politics #retroReview #Retrospective #review #Reviews #RichardNixon #RonLim #sciFi #scienceFiction #Serpentina #Shakti #Skullfire #socialist #superhero #superheroes #Synge #The1990s #TheaterOfPain #TimFitzgerald #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #UnitedStatesOfAmericaUSA #USA #VictorTenEagles #Wakanda #woke #WordPress #WordPressCom #XMen #XMen2099 #XMenReview #XiAn
  3. A Look Back at X-Men 2099 #18 (1995)

    Disclaimer: This is my original work with details sourced from reading the comic book and doing personal research. Anyone who wants to use this article, in part or in whole, needs to secure first my permission and agree to cite me as the source and author. Let it be known that any unauthorized use of this article will constrain the author to pursue the remedies under R.A. No. 8293, the Revised Penal Code, and/or all applicable legal actions under the laws of the Philippines.

    Welcome back, superhero enthusiasts, 1990s culture enthusiasts, X-Men fans and comic book collectors! Today we revisit the Marvel Comics shared universe through one of the many tales of the X-Men 2099 monthly series.  

    After 17 issues read, it is clear that the futuristic X-Men were destined to be separated from each other before getting back together against all odds. By having the team in disarray and the members separated with different situations that affected them, it provided the comic book creators opportunities to really develop each member extensively while expanding the lore of Marvel 2099 in creative ways. After seventeen issues, Skullfire has transformed into a more reasonable person who aligned himself with Shakti closely. Meanstreak meanwhile went to Las Vegas with Halloween Jack to do something that could alter the city seriously. Krystalin in California is on a quest to find her kidnapped brother.

    With those details laid down, here is a look back at X-Men 2099 #18, published by Marvel Comics in 1995 with a story written by John Francis Moore and drawn by Ron Lim.

    The cover.

    Early story

    The story begins in Berkeley where Krystalin and her companion visit a ruined part of the city. She is told that it is best for them to turn around but Krystalin insists on finding the Free Radicals who are responsible for kidnapping her brother Zak. As they walk further, they both fall into a trap door only to find themselves in a very dark wind tunnel which caused their fall to slow down. After landing on the floor, gas is suddenly pumped on them. A very bright light followed which disoriented them both. A man and woman appear to take them in. Krystalin decides to fight and find her brother.

    Meanwhile in the mountains of New Mexico, three intruders appeared inside a secret laboratory while Shakti struggles to sleep. The intruders analyze Zhao’s attempt to make analogs of the original 20th century X-Men members which ended in failure. One of them thinks that Shakti has finally halted and reversed the deterioration. Using technology, they have the three fossilized bodies teleported to the Theater of Pain.

    Shakti, who has been unable to sleep, senses the presence of a mutant inside the laboratory…

    Quality

    Krystalin and her companion meet the Free Radicals, a group of dangerous freaks.

    As expected, this comic book continues the tales of the previous issue, specifically Krystalin’s quest and Halloween Jack’s takeover of Las Vegas. Things, however, turned for the weird and the wild.

    Krystalin’s quest for her kidnapped brother Zack led her to facing off with the Free Radicals, a group of freaks composed of scientists who have been waging guerilla war against governmental and corporate oppression. Elements of politics were mixed into the narrative of Krystalin’s tale as it brings back memories of radicalized groups in America who engaged in crime, political activism and terrorism during the rule of President Richard Nixon (for insight, click here). As expected, Krystalin finds herself on a huge disadvantage and her will to get her brother (a highly prominent part of the Panthers) back really got tested here.

    As for the other important tale, Halloween Jack (assisted by Meanstreak) pushed forward with his insane intention to take over the Synge casino and bring down the syndicate while Desdemona Synge is helpless. This tale easily reminds me of the Las Vegas legacy of crime, particularly with the establishment of businesses owned by gangsters many decades ago. As Marvel 2099 has a strong anti-corporate message (which confirms the Leftist bias and philosophies with Marvel Comics and creators during the 1990s), the boundary that separated good and evil got blurred away in this tale. While Halloween Jack believes he is doing something good and significant by bringing down the Synge empire and changing Las Vegas, he does not realize he himself is evil and is executing a plan of one evil force replacing the current evil force. This should remind you about the Black Panthers, the Palestinian terrorists, the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement and other wicked forces of the world who see themselves as liberators and went to the extremes with violence and coercion.

    Along the way, Meanstreak assists Halloween Jack without any hesitation which made him a pawn of evil. As such, Meanstreak’s character and moral standing got compromised a lot which makes his membership of the X-Men questionable.

    Indeed, there is a lot of symbolism in the tales of Krystalin and Halloween Jack here and the undeniable thing is that John Francis Moore implemented a good amount of depth within.   

    Conclusion

    Shakti, who has the ability to sense the presence of mutants, encounters the intruder.

    X-Men 2099 #18 (1995) is clearly an attempt to shake the foundation of the series itself. Las Vegas has always been a key location since the beginning, and the Synge empire was the original enemy of the futuristic X-Men. Even as the mentioned two tales resulted in the weird and the wild, the creators succeeded in ensuring a cohesive read.

    Overall, X-Men 2099 #18 (1995) is recommended.

    +++++

    Thank you for reading. If you find this article engaging, please click the like button below and also please consider sharing this article to others. If you are looking for a copywriter to create content for your special project or business, check out my services and my portfolio. If you want to support my website, please consider making a donation. Feel free to contact me with a private message. Also please feel free to visit my Facebook page Author Carlo Carrasco and follow me on Twitter at  @HavenorFantasy as well as on Tumblr at https://carlocarrasco.tumblr.com/ and on Instagram at https://www.instagram.com/authorcarlocarrasco/.

    #1990s #Africa #Africans #America #AmericanIndians #amusement #BlackLivesMatter #BlackLivesMatterBLM #BlackPantherPartyBPP #BlackPanthers #Bloodhawk #BrimstoneLove #CarloCarrasco #Cerebra #ChatGPT #comic #comicBook #comicBookAdaptation #ComicBookReview #comicBooks #comicReview #comics #comicsBlog #comicsReview #Communist #DesdemonaSynge #entertainment #entertainmentBlog #FallOfTheHammer #Fediverse #Freakshow #fun #geek #HalloweenJack #HenriHuang #Hippies #illustratedLiterature #Indians #Instagram #IslamicTerrorists #Islamist #IslamoLeft #JohnFrancisMoore #JordanBoone #Krystalin #LasVegas #leftist #liberal #literature #Luna #Marvel #Marvel2099 #MarvelComics #MarvelEntertainment #Marxist #Mastodon #Meanstreak #megaCorporationsMegaCorps #Metalhead #minorities #multiculturalism #Nevada #nostalgia #PalestinianTerrorists #Palestinians #Panthers #politicalCorrectness #politics #retroReview #Retrospective #review #Reviews #RichardNixon #RonLim #sciFi #scienceFiction #Serpentina #Shakti #Skullfire #socialist #superhero #superheroes #Synge #The1990s #TheaterOfPain #TimFitzgerald #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #UnitedStatesOfAmericaUSA #USA #VictorTenEagles #Wakanda #woke #WordPress #WordPressCom #XMen #XMen2099 #XMenReview #XiAn
  4. From Nixon’s Press Blacklist to Trump’s Media Bans, The Old Lessons Still Apply

    On Friday, when I read that Donald Trump had banned CNN, MS NOW, and Politico from accessing the White House, I instantly thought of how President Richard Nixon ordered reporters from The Washington Post to be kept out of daily press briefings. I need not write that The Washington Post journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein published reports about the illegal Watergate break-in and cover-up. History shows what happened I am not sure why Trump thinks in a functioning democracy news […]

    caffeinatedpolitics.com/2026/0

  5. The Watergate Caper: Richard Nixon and the Death of the American Dream review – political scandal, 70s style
    By Leslie Felperin

    Shane O’Sullivan’s documentary weaves archive clips and snippets from films old and new to draw out the highlights of the crisis that rocked the US

    theguardian.com/film/2026/sep/

    #Film #Documentaryfilms #RichardNixon #Watergate #Culture #USnews #Worldnews #TheGuardian #LeslieFelperin

  6. Yayoi Kusama, Japanese artist who became a global superstar, dies aged 97 – The Irish Times

    Yayoi Kusama, the Japanese outsider artist who reached superstar status after decades living in a psychiatric hospital, has…
    #EuropeSays #Japan #JP #Japanese #newyork #RichardNixon
    europesays.com/japan/81334/

  7. 55 years ago today, US President #RichardNixon announces a 90-day freeze on wages, prices, and rents.

  8. Trump says Secret Service and the military wanted him off Air Force One in Turkey due to threat

    WASHINGTON – President Donald Trump said Tuesday that he slipped away from Air Force One after a trip…
    #EuropeSays #Turkiye #Ankara #AshrafGhani #BarackObama #BillClinton #donaldtrump #GarrettM.Graff #GeorgeW.Bush #JoeBiden #JoeLockhart #LyndonB.Johnson #POLITICS #RichardNixon #StevenCheung #volodymyrzelenskyy #Washingtonnews #WorldNews
    europesays.com/turkiye/39075/

  9. Why the elaborate ruse Trump used in Turkey isn’t like other secret presidential trips

    WASHINGTON – Presidents have taken secret overseas trips in the past for security reasons, with schedules and logistics…
    #EuropeSays #Turkiye #Ankara #AshrafGhani #BarackObama #BillClinton #donaldtrump #GarrettM.Graff #GeorgeW.Bush #JoeBiden #JoeLockhart #LyndonB.Johnson #POLITICS #RichardNixon #StevenCheung #volodymyrzelenskyy #Washingtonnews #WorldNews
    europesays.com/turkiye/38587/

  10. Why the elaborate ruse Trump used in Turkey isn’t like other secret presidential trips

    WASHINGTON – Presidents have taken secret overseas trips in the past for security reasons, with schedules and logistics…
    #NATO #OTAN #Europe #Europa #EU #News #AshrafGhani #BarackObama #billclinton #donaldtrump #GarrettM.Graff #GeorgeW.Bush #JoeBiden #JoeLockhart #lyndonb.johnson #politics #richardnixon #StevenCheung #VolodymyrZelenskyy #Washingtonnews #worldnews
    europesays.com/nato/10378/

  11. Richard Nixon Presidential Library: Launch of Virtual Reference Service for Archival Access. “The Richard Nixon Presidential Library and Museum announces the launch of its new Virtual Reference Service (VRS), designed to provide researchers with remote access to archival materials. This innovative service allows users to engage with historical documents through scheduled, staff-mediated […]

    https://rbfirehose.com/2026/08/10/richard-nixon-presidential-library-launch-of-virtual-reference-service-for-archival-access/
  12. 55 years ago today, US President #RichardNixon announces he will visit the People's Republic of China.

  13. The song “Cool, Cool, Considerate Men" (youtu.be/01nzCEriFAA?is=I5E5O5) was cut from the film by Jack Warner b/c President Richard Nixon got his panties in a twist about it. The director saved the footage and it was later restored to its proper place in the film
    #RetroView #4thOfJuly #RichardNixon #1776

  14. Tal día como hoy «1972: Se desata el caso Watergate»

    El caso Watergate se desató oficialmente la noche del 17 de junio de 1972 tal día como hoy. Cinco hombres que habían allanado la sede del Comité Nacional del Partido Demócrata en el complejo de oficinas Watergate, de ahí el nombre del caso, fueron detenidos en la capital estadounidense, Washington D.C. Lo que parecía un intento de robo común y corriente acabó destapando una red masiva de espionaje político, sabotaje y encubrimiento que involucró indirectamente a la administración del presidente republicano Richard Nixon, lo que le forzó a dimitir el 8 de agosto de 1974.

    A continuación, se detallan los aspectos clave de cómo se desarrolló y escaló este escándalo político:

    El detonante del allanamiento:

    • Los implicados: Los cinco hombres arrestados (bautizados más tarde como «los plomeros») portaban equipos de escucha fotográfica, guantes quirúrgicos y miles de dólares en efectivo. [4, 7]
    • La conexión clave: El FBI descubrió rápidamente un vínculo financiero entre los fondos hallados a los asaltantes y el Comité para la Reelección del Presidente (CRP) de Nixon. [1, 4]

    El papel crucial del periodismo

    • La investigación: Los periodistas Bob Woodward y Carl Bernstein, del diario The Washington Post, lideraron la investigación periodística que destapó la conspiración. [6, 8]
    • Garganta Profunda: Los reporteros recibieron filtraciones clave de una fuente anónima con el pseudónimo de «Garganta Profunda», cuya identidad real se reveló décadas después como W. Mark Felt, entonces director adjunto del FBI. [4, 9]

    Crisis institucional y las cintas secretas

    • El sistema de escuchas: Durante las audiencias del Senado en 1973, se reveló que Nixon tenía un sistema secreto de grabación automático en la Oficina Oval. [4]
    • La prueba definitiva: Tras una intensa batalla legal, el Tribunal Supremo de los EE. UU. obligó al presidente a entregar las grabaciones. Una de las cintas demostró de forma irrefutable que Nixon había ordenado a la CIA obstaculizar la investigación del FBI sólo días después del allanamiento. [10, 11]

    Desenlace histórico

    • Dimisión de Nixon: Ante una destitución inminente a través de un proceso de impeachment, Richard Nixon anunció su renuncia en un discurso televisado el 8 de agosto de 1974. [4, 12]
    • Consecuencias penales: El escándalo provocó la imputación de 69 personas, de las cuales 48 (incluyendo altos cargos del gobierno) fueron declaradas culpables y encarceladas. [1]
    • El indulto: Su sucesor, Gerald Ford, le otorgó un polémico indulto presidencial que le eximió de cualquier persecución penal posterior. [11, 12, 13, 14]

    Watergate: 4 momentos que marcaron el caso que forzó la …, YouTube · BBC News Mundo · 2022 M06 17

    FUENTES:


    [1] https://es.wikipedia.org

    [2] https://artsandculture.google.com

    [3] https://www.youtube.com

    [4] https://www.youtube.com

    [5] https://www.rtve.es

    [6] https://www.youtube.com

    [7] https://www.youtube.com

    [8] https://es.wikipedia.org

    [9] https://es.wikipedia.org

    [10] https://www.youtube.com

    [11] https://www.youtube.com

    [12] https://es.wikipedia.org

    [13] https://es.wikipedia.org

    [14] https://www.vozpopuli.com

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DqOKml0c0cM

    #70S #CasoWatergate #dailyprompt #EEUU #RichardNixon #USA
  15. Reihe „Abspann – Filme im Fokus soziologischer Betrachtung“
    Dieses Mal mit einem historischen Drama von Aaron Sorkin
    **********************************************
    – Wann: Di., 26.5., 19:00
    – Wo: Filmgalerie Phase IV, ⁨#DresdenNeustadt⁩
    – Fassung: Englisch mit deutschen Untertiteln.
    – freier Eintritt
    **********************************************
    In Kooperation mit dem Institut für Soziologie der @tudresden
    **********************************************
    Polizeigewalt, Rassismus und ein politischer Schauprozess der Nixon-Regierung. Es ist 1968 in Chicago. … (1/2)

    #⁨AaronSorkin #Drama #PolitischesDrama #PoliticalDrama #HistorischesDrama #HistoricalDrama⁩ ⁨#Chicago7 #ChicagoSeven⁩ #Nixon #RichardNixon #BlackPanther #Vietnamkrieg #VietnamWar #Soziologie⁩⁩⁩ ⁨#Kino⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩ ⁨#Cinema⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩ ⁨#cinemastodon⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩ ⁨#FilmBubble⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩ ⁨⁨⁨⁨⁨⁨#DresdenBubble⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩⁩

  16. El escándalo Watergate: caída de Richard Nixon

    El 17 de junio de 1972, en el Senado de los Estados Unidos, en Washington D.C., comenzó el proceso Watergate, un escándalo político que terminaría con la renuncia del presidente Richard Nixon en agosto de 1974. Este evento marcó un punto de inflexión en la histori…

    #Akerix #EscandaloWatergate #RichardNixon #CorrupcionPolitica
    akerix.com/on-this-day/05-17-e

  17. Nation Knows The Sitting President Is Incompetent

    Two separate political nuggets caught my attention over the past several days. According to a new Washington Post–ABC News–Ipsos poll, fifty-nine percent of Americans believe Donald Trump does not have the mental sharpness necessary to lead the country. Fifty-five percent think he does not have the physical health to serve as president. Fifty-four percent say they don’t think Trump is a strong leader. Sixty-seven percent think Trump doesn’t carefully consider important […]

    caffeinatedpolitics.com/2026/0

  18. “The greatest danger in times of turbulence is not the turbulence – it is to act with yesterday’s logic”*…

    Jennifer Pahlka— the founder and long-time leader of Code for America, the former US Deputy Chief Technology Officer, the author of Recoding America, and the cofounder and board chair of the Recoding America Fund— has dedicated her life to improving governance and government services. Here, she reflects on a core lesson that she has learned…

    I got into government reform sixteen years ago, though I didn’t think of it as reform at the time. I thought of it as just trying to make a few specific things work better. Since then I’ve worked at the local, state, and federal levels, on benefit delivery, on national defense, on a handful of things in between. I’ve worked alongside a lot of people whose own paths in this work have run the gamut. Collectively we’ve seen a lot. I think we’ve learned a lot about what we often call the operating model of government.

    But the government we have — the operating model it runs on, the rules and structures and assumptions that shape how it hires, procures, and delivers — was built for a world that no longer exists, and the distance between that world and this one is growing. We are approaching the kind of moment when that gap stops being a management problem and becomes a true legitimacy crisis. (Many will say that moment has already come.) It’s time to start asking whether the theory of change most of us have been operating under — incremental improvements off a pretty poor baseline — was ever going to get us to a government capable of meeting fast-changing needs. It hasn’t yet, and if we don’t do something differently, it won’t.

    Kelly Born at the Packard Foundation recently shared with me a framework called the Three Horizons, originally developed by Anthony Hodgson and adapted widely in systems-change work. In it, Horizon 1 is the currently dominant system. It’s functional enough to persist but failing in critical ways, especially for people with less power. Horizon 3 is the future system you’re working toward, already visible in patches of practice that embody different values and different ways of working, but far from the norm. Horizon 2 is the turbulent middle where change agents work.

    But the key insight is that not all Horizon 2 work is the same. Some H2 innovations genuinely create the conditions for the new system to emerge. Call those transforming H2, or H2+. Others, however inadvertently, extend the lifespan of the failing system by relieving the pressure that might otherwise force structural change. Call those sustaining H2, or H2-. Both feel like reform, but they have very different long-term implications.

    H2- work is attractive because it usually produces real value in the short run. H2+ work can take a long time to pay off, and the path is rarely clear. In a stable environment, you can get away with a lot of H2-. In an environment where the underlying system has become truly untenable, the difference between the two starts to matter a great deal. I think that’s where we are now…

    [Jen describes a few projects that illustrate patterns that play out over and over in the category of H2-, the work that sustains the status quo…]

    … The H2- work I’m describing has been done in good faith by people. I am one of those people. Code for America, which I founded and where I spent more than a decade, is in important respects capacity substitution. USDR, which I also helped start, is as well. The healthcare.gov rescue (which I didn’t actually work on but tried to provide moral support for) was the rescue-and-rebuild cycle. For much of the past fifteen years, the H2- path was arguably the right call. When there was no political space for structural change, demonstrations were a good way to build the evidence base and develop the field.

    I think we are in a different moment now. This moment is defined by disruption. I count three kinds.

    Contingent disruption — pandemics, climate events, geopolitical shocks, financial crises — is unpredictable in its specifics but very predictable in its category: large, fast-moving, high-stakes demands that fall disproportionately on government. COVID was not an anomaly. The next version won’t look the same.

    The most recent disruption to federal government, however, was political. Whatever the cost of its methods, DOGE made the brittleness of the current operating model impossible to ignore and created political openings for structural arguments that previously had no traction. The reform field did not create this moment. But it can shape what comes out of it.

    AI brings structural disruption. This is a transformation already underway in the material conditions of work, economy, and administration. AI creates dramatic change in both the needs and conditions government must respond to and the ways in which it can respond at the same time. Yes, I certainly mean a social safety net not nearly fit to handle the levels of unemployment that are likely coming our way, and yes, I mean possible upsets in the balance of power between agencies and the vendors they rely on, but that’s barely scratching the surface.

    AI is not only an exogenous shock that government will have to absorb. It is also moving the bar on what counts as acceptable service in the first place. People are already using AI to understand their medical bills, navigate insurance denials, and draft appeals for benefits they were wrongly denied. Soon they will expect to apply for SNAP or file their taxes by uploading a paystub and answering a few plain-language questions, not by filling out even the best-designed web form. The forty-page PDF used to feel intolerable. The well-designed web form will start to feel that way too, and faster than the last transition did.

    And service delivery is only the most visible piece. The same expectation shift is going to hit regulation, permitting, enforcement, how quickly an agency can respond to a new problem, how a legislature decides whether a law is working. If a small team with the right tools can map a regulatory regime in a week, the timelines we have now, in which rulemaking takes several years–or even multiple presidential terms–become indefensible. If an advocate can stress-test a policy against thousands of edge cases before it gets enacted, the standard for what counts as due diligence in lawmaking starts to move. The bar is rising on the whole surface of what government does, not just on the forms people fill out.

    Not everyone wants this shift to happen. Public sector unions have secured laws in several states forbidding the use of AI in service delivery, won contracts requiring union consent before autonomous vehicles can operate, and pushed legislation mandating staffing levels that the work no longer requires — as my colleagues Robert Gordon and Nick Bagley have documented. The concern for workers caught in this transition is legitimate. But blocking government’s transformation while the world around it moves on is not a strategy for protecting those workers. It exacerbates public frustration with government, weakens the case for investing in it, and leaves the people who most depend on public services with a system increasingly unfit to serve them.

    So the gap we have been measuring, between what government delivers and what the public considers a basic level of competence, is widening from both ends at once. The system is straining to clear the old bar at the same moment the bar is rising.

    In this environment, the benefits systems that struggled to scale during COVID will be asked to scale again. The regulatory processes that can’t move quickly will be asked to respond to developments they weren’t designed to anticipate. The civil service system that can’t attract the people it needs now will need to attract people with skills that didn’t exist a decade ago.

    If I had to pick, it’s AI that drives this disruptive moment. But I don’t have to pick. You could just as easily imagine climate shocks, or the next pandemic, or an escalation of the current war. Truly, some combination of all the above is not that unlikely. Reasonable people may disagree about the size and shape of the disruption AI will bring, but betting against disruption generally seems deeply unwise at the moment.

    If you buy that argument, then we must acknowledge that a reform field largely dedicated to H2- work is not what the moment calls for. In a stable environment, H2- work that buys time for a failing system might be much-needed, and might be a missed opportunity for transformation. In an environment where disruptions of all kinds are accelerating, it becomes a compounding liability. Extending the lifespan of a brittle system just means the system eventually fails more spectacularly. More people get hurt. More people look for alternatives to democracy.

    That doesn’t mean we need to throw everything out and start over. For the reform ecosystem, it means existing actors need incentives to align their work toward structural transformation, new actors with adjacent expertise need to be welcomed into the fold (especially advocates and lobbyists, given how little influence muscle the field has today), and connections need to be made both upstream and downstream of where we’ve been focused. It means articulating competing H3 visions from a wide range of ideological and practical perspectives and debating them among, including the project that sparked this line of thinking, which Kelly funded and FAI and New America are currently working on. It means designing funding and partnership structures that reward structural ambition while staying grounded in meaningful near-term progress. Funders and grantees share responsibility for creating the conditions under which a diverse set of actors can aim higher by working together, and connecting the dots upstream.

    For this to work, it can’t be a zero sum game. Government capacity is wildly neglected in philanthropy despite its high leverage. (Good luck naming an issue philanthropists care about that doesn’t benefit from increased government capacity.) Could the field stop doing some H2- work? Sure. That would free up some existing resources for more H2+ work, which has been too little of the field’s mindshare and resources to date. But that is not the path forward — it wouldn’t get us where we need to be. We need more resources, full stop. We need to make the case to philanthropy for greater investment in the entire field (that’s part of what Recoding America Fund is trying to do) and make the case to government leaders, including electeds, to invest in better plumbing, so that the investment in H2+ work isn’t coming at the expense of the essential life support…

    [Jen outlines some of the key principles that animate H2+ efforts, then ponders “doing different things differently”…]

    … I realized early last year that while I’d spent the bulk of my career trying to drag government into the Internet Era, that work has to change now. We are entering a new era, and if those of us who fought the last fight don’t adapt to the conditions and expectations of this one, we’ll make exactly the mistake the people who resisted internet-era ways of working made. We’ll become the blockers — the ones holding on to old ways of working because that is what we are used to and that is what we are good at.

    None of which means rescue work should stop, or that demonstrations are worthless, or that capacity substitution isn’t helpful and needed. Some H2- work, done deliberately and named honestly, is best understood as experimentation: we’re running it inside the failing system precisely because that’s where we’ll learn what a new operating model has to do. That’s a different kind of work from rescue that produces learning incidentally, but both can be valuable.

    But the field needs a shared frame clear-eyed enough to ask, with each investment: does this move the system toward H3, or does it prolong H1? That question should be driving how resources, talent, and attention get allocated now, not because the prior work was mistaken but because the moment is different and the cost of extending the status quo is too high. There will have to be work that sustains the status quo, but what tradeoffs are we willing to make?

    But insisting we ask the question does not mean that answering it is easy: there is no objective set of criteria that distinguishes one from the other. What may look like H2+ to some may seem like H2- to others, and part of that depends on your particular vision of that third horizon (more on that in the coming weeks.) Some may see work as contributing to a transformation, and therefore H2+, but towards an undesired H3 state. Grappling with how to answer this question is work we all need to be doing…

    … Some things haven’t changed. The community is still full of good, smart people with enormous insight into a very difficult problem. We’ve just run out of time to do it the way we’ve been doing it. A brittle system that gets propped up through manageable shocks will eventually meet a shock it can’t survive, and we are moving into a period where the shocks are neither manageable nor hypothetical. Every H2- intervention that returns the system to “good enough” is now a bet that good enough will hold. It’s a bet I no longer think we can afford to make.

    The window for H2+ work has not been open like this before. It will not stay open indefinitely.

    Eminently worth reading in full.

    What DOGE coulda, shoulda been: “A Three Horizons Framework for Government Reform,” from @pahlkadot.bsky.social.

    * Peter Drucker

    ###

    As we face forward, we might recall that it was on this date in 1970 that President Richard Nixon formally authorized the commitment of U.S. combat troops, in cooperation with South Vietnamese units, against North Vietnamese troop sanctuaries in Cambodia.

    Secretary of State William Rogers and Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird, who had continually argued for a downsizing of the U.S. effort in Vietnam, were excluded from the decision to use U.S. troops in Cambodia. Gen. Earle Wheeler, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, cabled Gen. Creighton Abrams, senior U.S. commander in Saigon, informing him of the decision that a “higher authority has authorized certain military actions to protect U.S. forces operating in South Vietnam.” Nixon believed that the operation was necessary as a pre-emptive strike to forestall North Vietnamese attacks from Cambodia into South Vietnam as the U.S. forces withdrew and the South Vietnamese assumed more responsibility for the fighting. Nevertheless, three National Security Council staff members and key aides to presidential assistant Henry Kissinger resigned in protest over what amounted to an invasion of Cambodia.

    When Nixon publicly announced the Cambodian incursion on April 30, it set off a wave of antiwar demonstrations. A May 4, protest at Kent State University resulted in the killing of four students by Army National Guard troops. Another student rally at Jackson State College in Mississippi resulted in the death of two students and 12 wounded when police opened fire on a women’s dormitory. The incursion angered many in Congress, who felt that Nixon was illegally widening the war; this resulted in a series of congressional resolutions and legislative initiatives that would severely limit the executive power of the president.

    – source

    source

    #Cambodia #culture #future #government #governmentReform #history #Nixon #politics #RichardNixon #VietnamWar
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