#provencal — Public Fediverse posts

Ashkenazi Jews

Author’s Note: This post has mentions of Nazis, the Holocaust, & Nazi Germany. We completely understand if you wish to skip over this post. We’ll catch you in the next one!

Also known as Ashkenazic Jews, Ashkenazis, or Ashkenazim.

This is a form of distinct ethnic subdivision of the Jewish Diaspora. Emerging from the Jewish communities that consolidated during the 10th century in the Rhineland (Western Germany) & northern France. They migrated there from centers such as the Italian peninsula & the Southern Levant. This includes present-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, & Jordan.

After numerous massacres of Jews during the Crusades (11th-13th centuries), they began a gradual eastward migration due to mounting restrictions within the Holy Roman Empire & the favorable policies of Casimir the Great & others.

This diaspora ramped up after the persecution during the Black Death of the 14th century. The bulk of the Ashkenazi Jews had migrated to the Kingdom of Poland (which includes modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, & parts of Russia). This area became the main center of Ashkenazi Jewry until the Holocaust.

Ashkenazim adapted their traditions, rites, & customs to Europe. They traditionally followed the German rite synagogue ritual & until the Holocaust primarily spoke Yiddish, an offshoot of Middle High German written in a variety of the Hebrew script, with significant Hebrew, Aramaic, & Slavic influences.

The Yiddish language progressively declined in prestige, in favor of national languages & Hebrew, being stigmatized by assimilationists & later also Zionists. Though it was spoken by over 11 million people worldwide before the Holocaust. The Yiddishist movement, which sought to preserve & revive the language, faded through the 20th century. Including Duolingo adding Yiddish as a language.

As a proportion of the world Jewish population, Ashkenazim were estimated to be 3% in the 11th century, rising to 92% in 1930, near the population’s peak. The Ashkenazi population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during WWII, which killed around 6 million Jews. Before WWII, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3-16.7 million, with 92% being Ashkenazi. As of 2023, the population of Ashkenazim was estimated to be around 10-13 million out of 15.8 million total Jews.

The name Ashkenazi comes from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz. He’s the 1st son of Gomer, grandson of Japhet, great-grandson of Noah, & a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. The name for Gomer has often been linked to the Cimmerians.

The Biblical Ashkenazis are usually derived from Assyrian Askuza, a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates. The name Askuza is identified with the Scythians.

In Jeremiah 51:27, Ashkenaz figures as 1 of 3 kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni (or Mannaea), an ancient kingdom that flourished in northwestern Iran, & Arrat (corresponding to Urartu), called on by God to resist Babylon.

Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia (usually identified with Scandinavia), viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, in the 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th century, in the History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertci, Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia.

As it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Chimea, & areas to the east. They’re also identified with the Slavim or Slavs. In keeping with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was called Sefarad (Obadiah 20), France was called Tsarefat (I Kings 17:9), & Bohemia was called the Land of Canaan.

Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France & Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of both medieval Germany & France.

In later times, the word Ashkenaz is used to designate southern & western Germany, the ritual of which sections differs somewhat from that of eastern Germany & Poland. Thus, the prayer book of Isaiah Horowitz (a prominent rabbi & mystic), & many others, give the piyyutim (a Jewish liturgical poem), according to the Minhag of Ashkenaz & Poland. A Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.

In a religious sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is any Jew whose family tradition & synagogue ritual follow Ashkenazi practices (German rite). Until the Ashkenazi community 1st began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad & Islamic Spain. German Ashkenaz was so geographically distant that it developed a minhag of its own.

The counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic. Since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they’re ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi (a.k.a. Oriental Jews; Jews who lived in the Muslim world) who married into an Orthodox or Haredi (a.k.a. ultra-Orthodox) Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her kids to be Ashkenazi Jews.

On the other hand, an Ashkenazi woman who married a Sephardi or Mizrahi is expected to take on Sephardic practices & the kids will “inherit” a Sephardic identity. Though in practice, many families do compromise. A “convert” usually follows the practice of the rabbinical court (beth din) that converted them.

Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means “Jewishness” in the Yiddish language. Before the Haskalah (a.k.a. the Jewish Enlightenment) & the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of the Torah & the Talmud for men, & communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men & women.

From the Rhineland to Riga (the largest city in Latvia) to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, & spoke Yiddish in their secular (worldly) lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now includes not just Orthodoxy & Hasidism, but a broader range of movements, ideologies, practices, & traditions in which Ashkenazi have participated & somehow kept a sense of Jewishness. Although pockets of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, styles of humor, & in patterns of association.

As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel. Or immigration to North America, South Africa, Europe (particularly France), & Latin America, the geographic isolation has given way to mixing with other cultures, & with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales.

Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews. Although many Hasidic & Hareidi groups still use Yiddish in daily life. Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographic Land of Israel or the Palestine region, where the State of Israel was established.

France’s blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that’s going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were 2 distinct Jewish populations.

One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition (which no one expects! Sorry, we’re Monty Python fans here.) & concentrated in the southwest. While the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, & mainly speaking a German dialect similar to Yiddish.

The 3rd community of Provencal Jews living in Comtat Venaissin was technically outside France, & was later absorbed into the Sephardim. Comtat Venaissin (called Comtat, for short) was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791.

But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus Affair in the 1890s. (We’ll be doing a post about the Dreyfus Affair.) In the 1920s & 30s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian Revolution, & the economic turmoil of the Great Depression.

By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, & many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years & the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, 1st by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, & later by Sephardi immigrants & refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone. Francophone refers to people/organizations who use French (language) regularly.

Ashkenazi Jews didn’t transmit their traditions or achievements by text. Instead, these traditions were passed down orally from one generation to the next. The desire to maintain pre-Holocaust traditions relating to Ashkenazi culture has often been met with criticism by Jews in Eastern Europe.

In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is a descendant of the Jews who settled in the Central European region of “Ashkenaz.” For roughly 1,000 years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe.

Despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow of countries from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Since the mid-20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities & non-Jews.

Religious persecution of the Jews in Western & Central Europe led to a significant migration of the Ashkenazi Jews into Eastern Europe. This resulted in a major cultural divide between Western/Central & Eastern Ashkenazi communities. In particular, this was reflected in the division of Yiddish into Western & Eastern Yiddish dialects. As well as in other cultural distinctions: traditions, food, dress, etc.

Initially, the Jews of Eastern Europe enjoyed relative freedom in terms of movement, being invited by the kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over time, the situation was reversed. By the 19th century, the Jews in the West had gradually been integrated into the general society.

While the Eastern Ashkenazi maintained their strict Jewish traditions & were mostly confined to ghettos, especially in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, which incorporated a considerable amount of land where the Eastern Ashkenazi lived: Poland & Lithuania.

Well-known differences in practices include:

• Observance of Passover (Pesach)
  • Ashkenazi Jews traditionally refrain from eating legumes, grain, millet, & rice. Quinoa has become accepted as a food grain in North American communities. Sephardi Jews typically don’t prohibit these foods.
• Notwithstanding stricter requirements for the ACTUAL slaughter, Sephardi Jews permit the rear portions of an animal after proper Halakhic removal of the sciatic nerve. While many Ashkenazi Jews don’t.
• Ashkenazi Jews often name newborns after deceased family members, not after living relatives. Sephardi Jews often name their kids after their grandparents, even if those grandparents are still living. An exception to this is among Dutch Jews, where Ashkenazi for centuries used naming conventions otherwise attributed exclusively to Sephardim, such as Chuts. Chuts is the name given to Jews who immigrated to London from the Netherlands in the 1850s-1860s.
• Ashkenazi tefillins are wound toward the body, not away from it. Ashkenazim put on the tefillin while standing up. Other Jews generally do so while sitting down. A tefillin(s) is/are sets of small black leather boxes with leather straps having scrolls of parchment written with verses of the Torah inside.
• The prayer shawl (tallit/tallis) is worn by all Ashkenazi men AFTER marriage. Except for Western European Ashkenazi men who wear it from the bar mitzvah. In Sephardi or Mizrahi Judaism, the prayer shawl is commonly worn from early childhood.

The term Ashkenazi also refers to the Nusach Ashkenaz, the liturgical tradition used by Ashkenazi Jews in their siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition’s choice of prayers, the text of prayers & melodies used in the singing of prayers. 2 other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazi Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, used by those in Chabad.

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Ashkenazi Jews

Author’s Note: This post has mentions of Nazis, the Holocaust, & Nazi Germany. We completely understand if you wish to skip over this post. We’ll catch you in the next one!

Also known as Ashkenazic Jews, Ashkenazis, or Ashkenazim.

This is a form of distinct ethnic subdivision of the Jewish Diaspora. Emerging from the Jewish communities that consolidated during the 10th century in the Rhineland (Western Germany) & northern France. They migrated there from centers such as the Italian peninsula & the Southern Levant. This includes present-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, & Jordan.

After numerous massacres of Jews during the Crusades (11th-13th centuries), they began a gradual eastward migration due to mounting restrictions within the Holy Roman Empire & the favorable policies of Casimir the Great & others.

This diaspora ramped up after the persecution during the Black Death of the 14th century. The bulk of the Ashkenazi Jews had migrated to the Kingdom of Poland (which includes modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, & parts of Russia). This area became the main center of Ashkenazi Jewry until the Holocaust.

Ashkenazim adapted their traditions, rites, & customs to Europe. They traditionally followed the German rite synagogue ritual & until the Holocaust primarily spoke Yiddish, an offshoot of Middle High German written in a variety of the Hebrew script, with significant Hebrew, Aramaic, & Slavic influences.

The Yiddish language progressively declined in prestige, in favor of national languages & Hebrew, being stigmatized by assimilationists & later also Zionists. Though it was spoken by over 11 million people worldwide before the Holocaust. The Yiddishist movement, which sought to preserve & revive the language, faded through the 20th century. Including Duolingo adding Yiddish as a language.

As a proportion of the world Jewish population, Ashkenazim were estimated to be 3% in the 11th century, rising to 92% in 1930, near the population’s peak. The Ashkenazi population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during WWII, which killed around 6 million Jews. Before WWII, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3-16.7 million, with 92% being Ashkenazi. As of 2023, the population of Ashkenazim was estimated to be around 10-13 million out of 15.8 million total Jews.

The name Ashkenazi comes from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz. He’s the 1st son of Gomer, grandson of Japhet, great-grandson of Noah, & a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. The name for Gomer has often been linked to the Cimmerians.

The Biblical Ashkenazis are usually derived from Assyrian Askuza, a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates. The name Askuza is identified with the Scythians.

In Jeremiah 51:27, Ashkenaz figures as 1 of 3 kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni (or Mannaea), an ancient kingdom that flourished in northwestern Iran, & Arrat (corresponding to Urartu), called on by God to resist Babylon.

Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia (usually identified with Scandinavia), viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, in the 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th century, in the History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertci, Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia.

As it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Chimea, & areas to the east. They’re also identified with the Slavim or Slavs. In keeping with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was called Sefarad (Obadiah 20), France was called Tsarefat (I Kings 17:9), & Bohemia was called the Land of Canaan.

Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France & Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of both medieval Germany & France.

In later times, the word Ashkenaz is used to designate southern & western Germany, the ritual of which sections differs somewhat from that of eastern Germany & Poland. Thus, the prayer book of Isaiah Horowitz (a prominent rabbi & mystic), & many others, give the piyyutim (a Jewish liturgical poem), according to the Minhag of Ashkenaz & Poland. A Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.

In a religious sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is any Jew whose family tradition & synagogue ritual follow Ashkenazi practices (German rite). Until the Ashkenazi community 1st began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad & Islamic Spain. German Ashkenaz was so geographically distant that it developed a minhag of its own.

The counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic. Since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they’re ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi (a.k.a. Oriental Jews; Jews who lived in the Muslim world) who married into an Orthodox or Haredi (a.k.a. ultra-Orthodox) Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her kids to be Ashkenazi Jews.

On the other hand, an Ashkenazi woman who married a Sephardi or Mizrahi is expected to take on Sephardic practices & the kids will “inherit” a Sephardic identity. Though in practice, many families do compromise. A “convert” usually follows the practice of the rabbinical court (beth din) that converted them.

Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means “Jewishness” in the Yiddish language. Before the Haskalah (a.k.a. the Jewish Enlightenment) & the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of the Torah & the Talmud for men, & communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men & women.

From the Rhineland to Riga (the largest city in Latvia) to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, & spoke Yiddish in their secular (worldly) lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now includes not just Orthodoxy & Hasidism, but a broader range of movements, ideologies, practices, & traditions in which Ashkenazi have participated & somehow kept a sense of Jewishness. Although pockets of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, styles of humor, & in patterns of association.

As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel. Or immigration to North America, South Africa, Europe (particularly France), & Latin America, the geographic isolation has given way to mixing with other cultures, & with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales.

Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews. Although many Hasidic & Hareidi groups still use Yiddish in daily life. Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographic Land of Israel or the Palestine region, where the State of Israel was established.

France’s blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that’s going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were 2 distinct Jewish populations.

One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition (which no one expects! Sorry, we’re Monty Python fans here.) & concentrated in the southwest. While the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, & mainly speaking a German dialect similar to Yiddish.

The 3rd community of Provencal Jews living in Comtat Venaissin was technically outside France, & was later absorbed into the Sephardim. Comtat Venaissin (called Comtat, for short) was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791.

But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus Affair in the 1890s. (We’ll be doing a post about the Dreyfus Affair.) In the 1920s & 30s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian Revolution, & the economic turmoil of the Great Depression.

By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, & many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years & the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, 1st by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, & later by Sephardi immigrants & refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone. Francophone refers to people/organizations who use French (language) regularly.

Ashkenazi Jews didn’t transmit their traditions or achievements by text. Instead, these traditions were passed down orally from one generation to the next. The desire to maintain pre-Holocaust traditions relating to Ashkenazi culture has often been met with criticism by Jews in Eastern Europe.

In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is a descendant of the Jews who settled in the Central European region of “Ashkenaz.” For roughly 1,000 years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe.

Despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow of countries from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Since the mid-20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities & non-Jews.

Religious persecution of the Jews in Western & Central Europe led to a significant migration of the Ashkenazi Jews into Eastern Europe. This resulted in a major cultural divide between Western/Central & Eastern Ashkenazi communities. In particular, this was reflected in the division of Yiddish into Western & Eastern Yiddish dialects. As well as in other cultural distinctions: traditions, food, dress, etc.

Initially, the Jews of Eastern Europe enjoyed relative freedom in terms of movement, being invited by the kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over time, the situation was reversed. By the 19th century, the Jews in the West had gradually been integrated into the general society.

While the Eastern Ashkenazi maintained their strict Jewish traditions & were mostly confined to ghettos, especially in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, which incorporated a considerable amount of land where the Eastern Ashkenazi lived: Poland & Lithuania.

Well-known differences in practices include:

• Observance of Passover (Pesach)
  • Ashkenazi Jews traditionally refrain from eating legumes, grain, millet, & rice. Quinoa has become accepted as a food grain in North American communities. Sephardi Jews typically don’t prohibit these foods.
• Notwithstanding stricter requirements for the ACTUAL slaughter, Sephardi Jews permit the rear portions of an animal after proper Halakhic removal of the sciatic nerve. While many Ashkenazi Jews don’t.
• Ashkenazi Jews often name newborns after deceased family members, not after living relatives. Sephardi Jews often name their kids after their grandparents, even if those grandparents are still living. An exception to this is among Dutch Jews, where Ashkenazi for centuries used naming conventions otherwise attributed exclusively to Sephardim, such as Chuts. Chuts is the name given to Jews who immigrated to London from the Netherlands in the 1850s-1860s.
• Ashkenazi tefillins are wound toward the body, not away from it. Ashkenazim put on the tefillin while standing up. Other Jews generally do so while sitting down. A tefillin(s) is/are sets of small black leather boxes with leather straps having scrolls of parchment written with verses of the Torah inside.
• The prayer shawl (tallit/tallis) is worn by all Ashkenazi men AFTER marriage. Except for Western European Ashkenazi men who wear it from the bar mitzvah. In Sephardi or Mizrahi Judaism, the prayer shawl is commonly worn from early childhood.

The term Ashkenazi also refers to the Nusach Ashkenaz, the liturgical tradition used by Ashkenazi Jews in their siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition’s choice of prayers, the text of prayers & melodies used in the singing of prayers. 2 other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazi Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, used by those in Chabad.

Make a one-time donation

Your contribution is appreciated.

Make a monthly donation

Your contribution is appreciated.

Make a yearly donation

Your contribution is appreciated.

Rate this:

Ashkenazi Jews

Author’s Note: This post has mentions of Nazis, the Holocaust, & Nazi Germany. We completely understand if you wish to skip over this post. We’ll catch you in the next one!

Also known as Ashkenazic Jews, Ashkenazis, or Ashkenazim.

This is a form of distinct ethnic subdivision of the Jewish Diaspora. Emerging from the Jewish communities that consolidated during the 10th century in the Rhineland (Western Germany) & northern France. They migrated there from centers such as the Italian peninsula & the Southern Levant. This includes present-day Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, & Jordan.

After numerous massacres of Jews during the Crusades (11th-13th centuries), they began a gradual eastward migration due to mounting restrictions within the Holy Roman Empire & the favorable policies of Casimir the Great & others.

This diaspora ramped up after the persecution during the Black Death of the 14th century. The bulk of the Ashkenazi Jews had migrated to the Kingdom of Poland (which includes modern-day Poland, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, & parts of Russia). This area became the main center of Ashkenazi Jewry until the Holocaust.

Ashkenazim adapted their traditions, rites, & customs to Europe. They traditionally followed the German rite synagogue ritual & until the Holocaust primarily spoke Yiddish, an offshoot of Middle High German written in a variety of the Hebrew script, with significant Hebrew, Aramaic, & Slavic influences.

The Yiddish language progressively declined in prestige, in favor of national languages & Hebrew, being stigmatized by assimilationists & later also Zionists. Though it was spoken by over 11 million people worldwide before the Holocaust. The Yiddishist movement, which sought to preserve & revive the language, faded through the 20th century. Including Duolingo adding Yiddish as a language.

As a proportion of the world Jewish population, Ashkenazim were estimated to be 3% in the 11th century, rising to 92% in 1930, near the population’s peak. The Ashkenazi population was significantly diminished by the Holocaust carried out by Nazi Germany during WWII, which killed around 6 million Jews. Before WWII, the estimated worldwide Jewish population was 15.3-16.7 million, with 92% being Ashkenazi. As of 2023, the population of Ashkenazim was estimated to be around 10-13 million out of 15.8 million total Jews.

The name Ashkenazi comes from the biblical figure of Ashkenaz. He’s the 1st son of Gomer, grandson of Japhet, great-grandson of Noah, & a Japhetic patriarch in the Table of Nations. The name for Gomer has often been linked to the Cimmerians.

The Biblical Ashkenazis are usually derived from Assyrian Askuza, a people who expelled the Cimmerians from the Armenian area of the Upper Euphrates. The name Askuza is identified with the Scythians.

In Jeremiah 51:27, Ashkenaz figures as 1 of 3 kingdoms in the far north, the others being Minni (or Mannaea), an ancient kingdom that flourished in northwestern Iran, & Arrat (corresponding to Urartu), called on by God to resist Babylon.

Ashkenaz is linked to Scandza/Scanzia (usually identified with Scandinavia), viewed as the cradle of Germanic tribes, in the 6th-century gloss to the Historia Ecclesiastica of Eusebius. In the 10th century, in the History of Armenia of Yovhannes Drasxanakertci, Ashkenaz was associated with Armenia.

As it was occasionally in Jewish usage, where its denotation extended at times to Adiabene, Khazaria, Chimea, & areas to the east. They’re also identified with the Slavim or Slavs. In keeping with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was called Sefarad (Obadiah 20), France was called Tsarefat (I Kings 17:9), & Bohemia was called the Land of Canaan.

Given the close links between the Jewish communities of France & Germany following the Carolingian unification, the term Ashkenazi came to refer to the Jews of both medieval Germany & France.

In later times, the word Ashkenaz is used to designate southern & western Germany, the ritual of which sections differs somewhat from that of eastern Germany & Poland. Thus, the prayer book of Isaiah Horowitz (a prominent rabbi & mystic), & many others, give the piyyutim (a Jewish liturgical poem), according to the Minhag of Ashkenaz & Poland. A Minhag is an accepted tradition or group of traditions in Judaism.

In a religious sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is any Jew whose family tradition & synagogue ritual follow Ashkenazi practices (German rite). Until the Ashkenazi community 1st began to develop in the Early Middle Ages, the centers of Jewish religious authority were in the Islamic world, at Baghdad & Islamic Spain. German Ashkenaz was so geographically distant that it developed a minhag of its own.

The counterpart of Ashkenazi is Sephardic. Since most non-Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews follow Sephardic rabbinical authorities, whether or not they’re ethnically Sephardic. By tradition, a Sephardic or Mizrahi (a.k.a. Oriental Jews; Jews who lived in the Muslim world) who married into an Orthodox or Haredi (a.k.a. ultra-Orthodox) Ashkenazi Jewish family raises her kids to be Ashkenazi Jews.

On the other hand, an Ashkenazi woman who married a Sephardi or Mizrahi is expected to take on Sephardic practices & the kids will “inherit” a Sephardic identity. Though in practice, many families do compromise. A “convert” usually follows the practice of the rabbinical court (beth din) that converted them.

Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means “Jewishness” in the Yiddish language. Before the Haskalah (a.k.a. the Jewish Enlightenment) & the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of the Torah & the Talmud for men, & communal life governed by the observance of Jewish Law for men & women.

From the Rhineland to Riga (the largest city in Latvia) to Romania, most Jews prayed in liturgical Ashkenazi Hebrew, & spoke Yiddish in their secular (worldly) lives. But with modernization, Yiddishkeit now includes not just Orthodoxy & Hasidism, but a broader range of movements, ideologies, practices, & traditions in which Ashkenazi have participated & somehow kept a sense of Jewishness. Although pockets of Jews still speak Yiddish, Yiddishkeit can be identified in manners of speech, styles of humor, & in patterns of association.

As Ashkenazi Jews moved away from Europe, mostly in the form of aliyah to Israel. Or immigration to North America, South Africa, Europe (particularly France), & Latin America, the geographic isolation has given way to mixing with other cultures, & with non-Ashkenazi Jews who, similarly, are no longer isolated in distinct geographic locales.

Hebrew has replaced Yiddish as the primary Jewish language for many Ashkenazi Jews. Although many Hasidic & Hareidi groups still use Yiddish in daily life. Aliyah is the immigration of Jews from the diaspora to, historically, the geographic Land of Israel or the Palestine region, where the State of Israel was established.

France’s blended Jewish community is typical of the cultural recombination that’s going on among Jews throughout the world. Although France expelled its original Jewish population in the Middle Ages, by the time of the French Revolution, there were 2 distinct Jewish populations.

One consisted of Sephardic Jews, originally refugees from the Inquisition (which no one expects! Sorry, we’re Monty Python fans here.) & concentrated in the southwest. While the other community was Ashkenazi, concentrated in formerly German Alsace, & mainly speaking a German dialect similar to Yiddish.

The 3rd community of Provencal Jews living in Comtat Venaissin was technically outside France, & was later absorbed into the Sephardim. Comtat Venaissin (called Comtat, for short) was a part of the Papal States from 1274 to 1791.

But after emancipation, a sense of a unified French Jewry emerged, especially when France was wracked by the Dreyfus Affair in the 1890s. (We’ll be doing a post about the Dreyfus Affair.) In the 1920s & 30s, Ashkenazi Jews from Europe arrived in large numbers as refugees from antisemitism, the Russian Revolution, & the economic turmoil of the Great Depression.

By the 1930s, Paris had a vibrant Yiddish culture, & many Jews were involved in diverse political movements. After the Vichy years & the Holocaust, the French Jewish population was augmented once again, 1st by Ashkenazi refugees from Central Europe, & later by Sephardi immigrants & refugees from North Africa, many of them francophone. Francophone refers to people/organizations who use French (language) regularly.

Ashkenazi Jews didn’t transmit their traditions or achievements by text. Instead, these traditions were passed down orally from one generation to the next. The desire to maintain pre-Holocaust traditions relating to Ashkenazi culture has often been met with criticism by Jews in Eastern Europe.

In an ethnic sense, an Ashkenazi Jew is a descendant of the Jews who settled in the Central European region of “Ashkenaz.” For roughly 1,000 years, the Ashkenazim were a reproductively isolated population in Europe.

Despite living in many countries, with little inflow or outflow of countries from migration, conversion, or intermarriage with other groups, including other Jews. Since the mid-20th century, many Ashkenazi Jews have intermarried, both with members of other Jewish communities & non-Jews.

Religious persecution of the Jews in Western & Central Europe led to a significant migration of the Ashkenazi Jews into Eastern Europe. This resulted in a major cultural divide between Western/Central & Eastern Ashkenazi communities. In particular, this was reflected in the division of Yiddish into Western & Eastern Yiddish dialects. As well as in other cultural distinctions: traditions, food, dress, etc.

Initially, the Jews of Eastern Europe enjoyed relative freedom in terms of movement, being invited by the kings of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Over time, the situation was reversed. By the 19th century, the Jews in the West had gradually been integrated into the general society.

While the Eastern Ashkenazi maintained their strict Jewish traditions & were mostly confined to ghettos, especially in the Pale of Settlement of the Russian Empire, which incorporated a considerable amount of land where the Eastern Ashkenazi lived: Poland & Lithuania.

Well-known differences in practices include:

• Observance of Passover (Pesach)
  • Ashkenazi Jews traditionally refrain from eating legumes, grain, millet, & rice. Quinoa has become accepted as a food grain in North American communities. Sephardi Jews typically don’t prohibit these foods.
• Notwithstanding stricter requirements for the ACTUAL slaughter, Sephardi Jews permit the rear portions of an animal after proper Halakhic removal of the sciatic nerve. While many Ashkenazi Jews don’t.
• Ashkenazi Jews often name newborns after deceased family members, not after living relatives. Sephardi Jews often name their kids after their grandparents, even if those grandparents are still living. An exception to this is among Dutch Jews, where Ashkenazi for centuries used naming conventions otherwise attributed exclusively to Sephardim, such as Chuts. Chuts is the name given to Jews who immigrated to London from the Netherlands in the 1850s-1860s.
• Ashkenazi tefillins are wound toward the body, not away from it. Ashkenazim put on the tefillin while standing up. Other Jews generally do so while sitting down. A tefillin(s) is/are sets of small black leather boxes with leather straps having scrolls of parchment written with verses of the Torah inside.
• The prayer shawl (tallit/tallis) is worn by all Ashkenazi men AFTER marriage. Except for Western European Ashkenazi men who wear it from the bar mitzvah. In Sephardi or Mizrahi Judaism, the prayer shawl is commonly worn from early childhood.

The term Ashkenazi also refers to the Nusach Ashkenaz, the liturgical tradition used by Ashkenazi Jews in their siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition’s choice of prayers, the text of prayers & melodies used in the singing of prayers. 2 other major forms of nusach among Ashkenazi Jews are Nusach Sefard (not to be confused with the Sephardic ritual), which is the general Polish Hasidic nusach, and Nusach Ari, used by those in Chabad.

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St. Bernadette Soubirous

Also known as Bernadette of Lourdes; religious name: Marie-Bernarde.

She was a miller’s daughter from Lourdes (Lorda in Occitan), in the department of Hautes-Pyrenees in France. She’s best known for having Marian apparitions of a “young lady” who asked for a chapel to be built at the nearby grotto. These Marian apparitions occurred between February 11th & July 16, 1858, & the young lady who appeared to her identified herself as the “Immaculate Conception.”

After an investigation, Bernadette’s reports were eventually declared “worthy of belief” on February 18, 1862, & the Marian appartion became as Our Lady of Lourdes. In 1866, Bernadette joined the Sisters of Charity of Nevers at their convent in Nevers where she spent the last years of her life.

Her body is said by the Catholic Church to remain internally incorrupt. The grotto where the apparitions occurred became a major ligrimage site & Marian shrine known as the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes, attracting around 5 million pilgrims do all denominations each year.

Pope Pius XI beatified Bernadette on June 14, 1925 & 8 years later canonized her on December 8, 1933. Her feast day is April 16, the date of her death. Initially specified her feast day as February 18, the day that Mary promised to make her happy, not in this life, but in the other/next.

She was born of January 7, 1844 & baptized at the local parish church (St. Pierre’s) 2 days after her birth (which was her parents’ wedding anniversary). She learned very little French, only studying French in school after 13. At that time, she could only read & write very little due to her frequent illness.

She spoke the language of Occitan. It was spoken by the local population of the Pyreness region at that time & to a residual degree today. It’s sometimes called Provencal.

On February 11, 1858, a 14 year old Bernadette was out collecting firewood with her sister, Toinette, & a friend near the grotto of Massabielle (Tuta de Massavielha) when she experienced her 1st vision/apparition. When the other girls crossed a little stream in front of the grotto & walked on, Bernadette stayed behind. Because she was looking for a place to cross the stream so she wouldn’t get her stockings wet.

She finally sat down to take her shoes off so she could cross the stream. She was lowering her stocking when she heard the sound of rushing wind. But nothing moved. A wild rose in a natural niche in the did move. From the niche (or a dark alcove behind it) “came a dazzling light, & a white figure.” Her sister, & friend, said they didn’t see anything.

On February 14th (Valentine’s Day), after Sunday Mass, Bernadette with her sister Marie & some other girls went back to the grotto. Bernadette knelt down immediately, saying she saw the apparition again. 1 of the girls threw holy water at the niche.

Another threw a rock from that shattered on the ground the apparition disappeared. On her next visit (February 18), Bernadette said that “the vision” asked her to return to the grotto every day for a fortnight (or 14 days). This period of almost daily visions came to be known as la Quinzaine sacree (“holy fortnight”). Initially, Bernadette’s parents (especially her mom) were embarrassed & tried to forbid her to go.

The supposed apparition didn’t identify herself in the 17th vision. Although the townspeople who believed she was telling the truth assumed she saw the Virgin Mary, Bernadette never claimed it to be Mary, consistently using the word aquero (Gascon Occitan for “that”). She described the lady as wearing a white veil, a blue girdle, & with a yellow rose on each foot.

Bernadette’s story caused a sensation among the townspeople, who were divided in their opinions on whether or not she was telling the truth. Some believed her to have a mental illness & demanded she put in an asylum. On February 25, she explained that the vision had told her “to drink of the water of the water of the spring, to wash in it & to eat the herb that grew there,” as an act of penance.

To everyone’s surprise, the next day the grotto was no longer muddy but clear water flowed. On March 2, at the 13th apparition, Bernadette told her family that the lady said that “a chapel should be built & a procession.”

The 16th vision, which Bernadette stated went on for over an hour, was on March 25. According to her account, during that visitation, she again asked for her name. But the lady just smiled back. She repeated the question 3 more times & finally heard the lady say, in Gascon Occitan, “I’m the Immaculate Conception.”

Despite being rigorously interviewed by officials of both the Catholic Church & the French government, she stuck consistently to her story. On April 7, Bernadette had another vision, during which her hand was apparently not burnt while being in contact with the flame of a candle for several minutes.

On June 8, 1858, the mayor of Lourdes decided to barricade the grotto & put guards to prevent public access. On July 16, Bernadette came back to see the grotto from the other side of the river & experienced her 18th, & last, apparition of the lady.

After investigation, Catholic Church authorities confirmed the authenticity of the apparitions in 1862. In the 160 years since Bernadette dug up the in the spring, 72 cures have been verified by the Lourdes Medical Bureau as “inexplicable.”

Bernadette’s request to the local priest to build a chapel at the site of her visions eventually gave rise to a number of chapels & churches at Lourdes. The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes is now 1 of the major Catholic pilgrimage sites in the world.

1 of the churches built at the site, the Basilica of St. Pius X, can accommodate 25,000 people & was dedicated by the future Pope John XXIII when he was the Papal Nuncio to France. In 2013, 715,000 & in 2016, 570,000 pilgrims attended pilgrimage events.

Bernadette disliked the attention she was attracting, she went to the hospice school run by the Sisteres of Charity of Nevers where she had learned to read & write. Although she considered joining the Carmelites, her health precluded her from entering any of the strict contemplative orders.

On July 29, 1866, with 42 other candidates, she took the religious habit of a postulant & joined the Sisters of Charity at their mother house, the St. Gildard Convent at Nevers. The Mother Superior at the time gave her the name Marie-Bernarde in honor of her godmother who was named “Bernarde.”

Bernadette repent the rest of her brief life at the mother house, working as an assistant in the infirmary & later as a sacristan, creating ornate embroidery for altar cloths & vestments. A sacristan is a room in Christian churches for the keeping of vestments & other church furnishings, sacred vessels, & parish records. Her contemporaries admired her humility & spirit of sacrifice.

One day, asked about the apparitions, she said: “The Virgin used me as a broom to remove the dust. When the work is done, the broom is put behind the door again.” Bernardette had followed the development of Lourdes as a pilgrimage shrine while she still lived at Lourdes.

But wasn’t present for the consecration of the Bascilica of the Immaculate Conception there in 1876. Bernadette’s childhood bout of cholera left her with severe, chronic asthma, & eventually she contracted tuberculosis of the lungs & bones. For several months prior to her death, she was unable to take an active part in convent life. She eventually died of her long-term illness at the age of 35 on April 26, 1879 (Easter Wednesday), while praying the Holy Rosary.

On her deathbed, as she suffered from severe pain & in keeping with the Virgin Mary’s admonition of “Penance, Penance, Penance,” Bernadette proclaimed that “all this is good for Heaven.” Her final words were, “Blessed Mary, Mother of God, pray for me.” Bernadette’s body was laid to rest in the St. Joseph Chapel, in the grounds of her convent.

Bernadette was declared blessed on June 14, 1921 by Pope Pius XI. She was canonized by Pius XI on December 8, 1933, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception. She’s celebrated in the liturgical calendar of the Catholic Church of April 16.

In France, her liturgical celebration is an optional memorial & is held on February 18, which commemorates Bernadette’s 3rd vision. During which the “lady” told her that she doesn’t promise to make happy in this world, but in the other.

Bishop Gauthey of Nevers & the Catholic Church exhumed Bernadette’s body on September 22, 1909. This is in the presence of representatives appointed by the postulators of the cause, 2 doctors & a sister of the community. They claimed that although the crucifix in her hand & her rosary had both oxidized, her body appeared incorrupt – preserved from decomposition. This was cited as 1 of the miracles to support her canonization.

They washed & reclothed her body before re-burial in the Chapel of St. Joseph in a new double casket. The church exhumed the corpse a 2nd time on April 3, 1919, on the occasion of the approval of Bernadette’s canonization. Again, he body was returned to the vault of St. Joseph’s chapel.

In 1925, the church exhumed the body for a 3rd time. They took relics, which was sent to Rome. A precise imprint of the face was molded to make a wax mask based on the imprints & on some genuine photos to be placed on her body. This was common practice for relics in France as it was feared that the blackish tinge to the face & the sunken eyes & nose would be viewed as corruption by the wax casts. The remains were then placed in a gold & crystal reliquary in the Chapel of St. Bernadette at the main church of the convent.

In 1970, the convent at Nevers was converted into a pilgrimage center dedicated to Bernadette, run by volunteers & a few sisters & known as Espace Bernadette Soubirous Nevers. In the spring of 2015, the town of Lourdes lobbied for Bernadette’s remains to be returned to Lourdes, a move opposed by the city of Nevers.

The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes has a few bodily relics which traveled in several European dioseses from 2017 to be exposed for the veneration of people. In 2019, a new reliquary was built for the travel of the relics. In 2022, the reliquary visited the United States & the United Kingdom.

The relics 1st travedled to the United States from April-August 2022, visiting around 30 dioceses. In September & October 2022, the relics were exposed in around 50 places in England, Scotland, & Wales, including in the Westminster Cathedral & at the Carfin Lourdes Grotto.

The town of Lourdes became a major international pilgrimage sites attracting millions of visitors each year. Several churches & infrastructures were built around the cave where the apparitions occurred, forming together the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes.

The sanctuary is reputed for the Loudes water steaming inside the cave from a spring discovered by Bernadette during the apparitions, which is said to have healing properties, attracting many sick pilgrims. The sanctuary also has a museum called the St. Bernadette Museum, dedicated to the history of the apparitions.

In the city center of Lourdes, pilgrims can visit the house where Bernadette was born & the room where here family was staying at the time of the apparitions. The Espace Bernadette Sourbirous Nevers is dedicated to her memory. This is where her body has been kept after her death. Her body is now exposed for the veneration of visitors. The city of Nevers also has a museum dedicated to the life of Bernadette, called the “Bernadette Museum.”

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https://www.europesays.com/be-fr/188785/ Boules : « Le jeu provençal, c’est magnifique », la déclaration d’amour d’Éric Cantona #2026 #BE #BEFr #Belgique #Belgium #boules ! »  #C’est #Celebrities #Celebrity #déclaration #Divertissement #Entertainment #jeu #le #magnifique #people #provençal #Sports

#biere #bières #etiquette #bilingue #occitan #provencal

https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2026/07/25/fada-blanca-en-la-chimant-ausetz-lei-cigalas/

#biere #bières #etiquette #bilingue #occitan #provencal

https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2026/07/25/fada-blanca-en-la-chimant-ausetz-lei-cigalas/

Une #brasserie artisanale de Signes (#Var) a fait le choix d'un étiquetage bilingue (français / #occitan #provencal pour ses canettes de #biere . Ce genre d'initiative est tellement rare que cela méritait d'être signalé !

Une #brasserie artisanale de Signes (#Var) a fait le choix d'un étiquetage bilingue (français / #occitan #provencal pour ses canettes de #biere . Ce genre d'initiative est tellement rare que cela méritait d'être signalé !

#dub #soundsystem #languesregionales
Pensé comme un dialogue entre territoires, générations et langues minorisées, À travers les ponts - le nouvel album de #dubamix - fait résonner l’#occitan (du languedocien au #provençal en passant par le #gascon et le #limousin) avec le #catalan, le #breton, le #basque, le #creole, l’#esperanto ou encore le #yiddish en compagnie d’invités d’horizons multiples. Il construit des ponts entre cultures populaires locales et horizons internationalistes, faisant dialoguer langues minorisées, héritages traditionnels et musiques électroniques contemporaines à rebours de tout enfermement identitaire.
https://www.dubamix.net/info-actu/27-06-nouvel-album-a-travers-les-ponts/

#dub #soundsystem #languesregionales
Pensé comme un dialogue entre territoires, générations et langues minorisées, À travers les ponts - le nouvel album de #dubamix - fait résonner l’#occitan (du languedocien au #provençal en passant par le #gascon et le #limousin) avec le #catalan, le #breton, le #basque, le #creole, l’#esperanto ou encore le #yiddish en compagnie d’invités d’horizons multiples. Il construit des ponts entre cultures populaires locales et horizons internationalistes, faisant dialoguer langues minorisées, héritages traditionnels et musiques électroniques contemporaines à rebours de tout enfermement identitaire.
https://www.dubamix.net/info-actu/27-06-nouvel-album-a-travers-les-ponts/

#dub #soundsystem #languesregionales
Pensé comme un dialogue entre territoires, générations et langues minorisées, À travers les ponts - le nouvel album de #dubamix - fait résonner l’#occitan (du languedocien au #provençal en passant par le #gascon et le #limousin) avec le #catalan, le #breton, le #basque, le #creole, l’#esperanto ou encore le #yiddish en compagnie d’invités d’horizons multiples. Il construit des ponts entre cultures populaires locales et horizons internationalistes, faisant dialoguer langues minorisées, héritages traditionnels et musiques électroniques contemporaines à rebours de tout enfermement identitaire.
https://www.dubamix.net/info-actu/27-06-nouvel-album-a-travers-les-ponts/

#dub #soundsystem #languesregionales
Pensé comme un dialogue entre territoires, générations et langues minorisées, À travers les ponts - le nouvel album de #dubamix - fait résonner l’#occitan (du languedocien au #provençal en passant par le #gascon et le #limousin) avec le #catalan, le #breton, le #basque, le #creole, l’#esperanto ou encore le #yiddish en compagnie d’invités d’horizons multiples. Il construit des ponts entre cultures populaires locales et horizons internationalistes, faisant dialoguer langues minorisées, héritages traditionnels et musiques électroniques contemporaines à rebours de tout enfermement identitaire.
https://www.dubamix.net/info-actu/27-06-nouvel-album-a-travers-les-ponts/

https://www.europesays.com/afrique/123843/ Boules : le jeu provençal en opération séduction en Europe #2026 #Boules #Europe #jeu #opération #provençal #séduction #sports

#vocabulaire fondamental du #provençal contemporain:

Une liste alphabétique de près de 4500 mots avec leur traduction française suivie d’un lexique français-provençal (orthographe classique et mistralienne). Un QR code inséré dans l'ouvrage vous permet d'accéder à la prononciation des mots. Édition AELOC (Association pour l’enseignement de la langue d’Oc) - 2026 - format 17x24cm - 192 pages - Roland Boyer et Alain Barthélemy Vigouroux. Pour toute commande : https://boutique.aeloc.fr/index.php?id_product=68&controller=product

#vocabulaire fondamental du #provençal contemporain:

Une liste alphabétique de près de 4500 mots avec leur traduction française suivie d’un lexique français-provençal (orthographe classique et mistralienne). Un QR code inséré dans l'ouvrage vous permet d'accéder à la prononciation des mots. Édition AELOC (Association pour l’enseignement de la langue d’Oc) - 2026 - format 17x24cm - 192 pages - Roland Boyer et Alain Barthélemy Vigouroux. Pour toute commande : https://boutique.aeloc.fr/index.php?id_product=68&controller=product

LO PLASER DE LEGIR / LOU PLASÉ DE LEGI
Vous êtes parent, grand-parent, enseignant·e, bibliothécaire ou membre d’une association culturelle ? Vous recherchez des livres écrits en provençal ? Voici trois éditeurs chez lesquels vous trouverez sûrement votre bonheur : https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2026/06/01/envie-de-lire-ou-de-faire-lire-en-provencal/

#editions #livres #lecture #provençal #graphieclassique #graphiemistralienne #provence #provença #provençau #prouvençau #prouvenço #var

LO PLASER DE LEGIR / LOU PLASÉ DE LEGI
Vous êtes parent, grand-parent, enseignant·e, bibliothécaire ou membre d’une association culturelle ? Vous recherchez des livres écrits en provençal ? Voici trois éditeurs chez lesquels vous trouverez sûrement votre bonheur : https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2026/06/01/envie-de-lire-ou-de-faire-lire-en-provencal/

#editions #livres #lecture #provençal #graphieclassique #graphiemistralienne #provence #provença #provençau #prouvençau #prouvenço #var

Boules : l’affiche du 108e Provençal dévoilée

Nouvelles dates (du jeudi 27 au dimanche 30 août, au lieu de la fin du mois de juillet), nouveau format…
#Marseille #FR #France #Actu #News #Europe #EU #108e #2026 #actu #Actualités #Boules #dévoilée #europe #l'affiche #provençal #Provence-Alpes-Côted'Azur #Républiquefrançaise #Sports
https://www.europesays.com/fr/931919/

https://www.europesays.com/fr/931919/ Boules : l’affiche du 108e Provençal dévoilée #108e #2026 #actu #Actualités #Boules #dévoilée #EU #europe #FR #France #l'affiche #Marseille #News #provençal #ProvenceAlpesCôteD'Azur #RépubliqueFrançaise #Sports

Provençal-Inspired Gardens Are the Most Romantic Outdoor Trend—Here’s How to Create One https://www.allforgardening.com/1767254/provencal-inspired-gardens-are-the-most-romantic-outdoor-trend-heres-how-to-create-one/ #ClimbingVines #garden #gardening #GravelPathways #NaturalMaterials #OliveAteliers #Provençal #ProvençalGarden #VanTassel

Provençal-Inspired Gardens Are the Most Romantic Outdoor Trend—Here’s How to Create One https://www.allforgardening.com/1767254/provencal-inspired-gardens-are-the-most-romantic-outdoor-trend-heres-how-to-create-one/ #ClimbingVines #garden #gardening #GravelPathways #NaturalMaterials #OliveAteliers #Provençal #ProvençalGarden #VanTassel

[FR]💻🗣️ Après le languedocien et le gascon, le Congrès a enregistré une nouvelle voix afin d’intégrer le provençal dans Votz, synthèse vocale occitane. Jean-Yves Casanova, ancien professeur d’Université à Pau, écrivain occitan d’expression provençale, a passé trois jours en studio, permettant d’obtenir au final 6 000 phrases pour près de 10 heures d'enregistrement bruts.

👉 https://locongres.org/fr/actualites/linstitution-et-ses-membres/enregistrement-de-la-synthese-vocale-en-provencal

#occitan #votz #provencal #provençal #llm #technologie #ia #synthèsevocale

[FR]💻🗣️ Après le languedocien et le gascon, le Congrès a enregistré une nouvelle voix afin d’intégrer le provençal dans Votz, synthèse vocale occitane. Jean-Yves Casanova, ancien professeur d’Université à Pau, écrivain occitan d’expression provençale, a passé trois jours en studio, permettant d’obtenir au final 6 000 phrases pour près de 10 heures d'enregistrement bruts.

👉 https://locongres.org/fr/actualites/linstitution-et-ses-membres/enregistrement-de-la-synthese-vocale-en-provencal

#occitan #votz #provencal #provençal #llm #technologie #ia #synthèsevocale

[FR]💻🗣️ Après le languedocien et le gascon, le Congrès a enregistré une nouvelle voix afin d’intégrer le provençal dans Votz, synthèse vocale occitane. Jean-Yves Casanova, ancien professeur d’Université à Pau, écrivain occitan d’expression provençale, a passé trois jours en studio, permettant d’obtenir au final 6 000 phrases pour près de 10 heures d'enregistrement bruts.

👉 https://locongres.org/fr/actualites/linstitution-et-ses-membres/enregistrement-de-la-synthese-vocale-en-provencal

#occitan #votz #provencal #provençal #llm #technologie #ia #synthèsevocale

[FR]💻🗣️ Après le languedocien et le gascon, le Congrès a enregistré une nouvelle voix afin d’intégrer le provençal dans Votz, synthèse vocale occitane. Jean-Yves Casanova, ancien professeur d’Université à Pau, écrivain occitan d’expression provençale, a passé trois jours en studio, permettant d’obtenir au final 6 000 phrases pour près de 10 heures d'enregistrement bruts.

👉 https://locongres.org/fr/actualites/linstitution-et-ses-membres/enregistrement-de-la-synthese-vocale-en-provencal

#occitan #votz #provencal #provençal #llm #technologie #ia #synthèsevocale

[FR]💻🗣️ Après le languedocien et le gascon, le Congrès a enregistré une nouvelle voix afin d’intégrer le provençal dans Votz, synthèse vocale occitane. Jean-Yves Casanova, ancien professeur d’Université à Pau, écrivain occitan d’expression provençale, a passé trois jours en studio, permettant d’obtenir au final 6 000 phrases pour près de 10 heures d'enregistrement bruts.

👉 https://locongres.org/fr/actualites/linstitution-et-ses-membres/enregistrement-de-la-synthese-vocale-en-provencal

#occitan #votz #provencal #provençal #llm #technologie #ia #synthèsevocale

https://www.europesays.com/fr/886899/ Deux parcours à vélo pour découvrir le patrimoine provençal au départ de Pertuis #2026 #cycling #Cyclisme #découvrir #deux #FR #France #Loisirs&Traditions #parcours #patrimoine #pour #provençal #Sports #Vélo

#stage #langue #occitan #provençal #var
L'Institut d’Études Occitanes du Var (IEO 83) organise un stage d'immersion linguistique (écriture, création de podcast, gravure sur papier et danse) les 23, 24 et 25 mai 2026 au Beausset. Concernant les ateliers de langue, trois niveaux sont proposés : débutant, avancé ou confirmé. Pour demander à recevoir le programme détaillé et pour tout renseignement complémentaire, écrire à l'adresse suivante : [email protected]

#stage #langue #occitan #provençal #var
L'Institut d’Études Occitanes du Var (IEO 83) organise un stage d'immersion linguistique (écriture, création de podcast, gravure sur papier et danse) les 23, 24 et 25 mai 2026 au Beausset. Concernant les ateliers de langue, trois niveaux sont proposés : débutant, avancé ou confirmé. Pour demander à recevoir le programme détaillé et pour tout renseignement complémentaire, écrire à l'adresse suivante : [email protected]

Le Beausset fête le vin blanc provençal le dimanche 12 avril

C’est désormais un rendez-vous installé sur l’agenda des amateurs de vins provençaux. Le festival Ah ! mon petit vin…
#Toulon #FR #France #Actu #News #Europe #EU #2026 #actu #Actualités #avril #Beausset #Blanc #dimanche #europe #fête #provençal #Provence-Alpes-Côted'Azur #Région #Républiquefrançaise #toulon #vin
https://www.europesays.com/fr/827944/

https://www.europesays.com/fr/827944/ Le Beausset fête le vin blanc provençal le dimanche 12 avril #2026 #actu #Actualités #avril #Beausset #Blanc #dimanche #EU #europe #fête #FR #France #News #provençal #ProvenceAlpesCôteD'Azur #Région #RépubliqueFrançaise #toulon #vin

I translated Lovecraft's short story 'The Cats of Ulthar' into Provençal as best as I could. I'm sure I made plenty of errors since I'm still far from fluent, but I figured it was short and would make for fun practice.

Feedback is welcome. https://www.stveje.dk/cats_ulthar/

#Occitan #Provençal #Lovecraft

I translated Lovecraft's short story 'The Cats of Ulthar' into Provençal as best as I could. I'm sure I made plenty of errors since I'm still far from fluent, but I figured it was short and would make for fun practice.

Feedback is welcome. https://www.stveje.dk/cats_ulthar/

#Occitan #Provençal #Lovecraft

I translated Lovecraft's short story 'The Cats of Ulthar' into Provençal as best as I could. I'm sure I made plenty of errors since I'm still far from fluent, but I figured it was short and would make for fun practice.

Feedback is welcome. https://www.stveje.dk/cats_ulthar/

#Occitan #Provençal #Lovecraft

I translated Lovecraft's short story 'The Cats of Ulthar' into Provençal as best as I could. I'm sure I made plenty of errors since I'm still far from fluent, but I figured it was short and would make for fun practice.

Feedback is welcome. https://www.stveje.dk/cats_ulthar/

#Occitan #Provençal #Lovecraft

Intervention sur l'#occitan #provençal faite par Etienne Berrus ( (Partit Occitan dau País Tolonenc) à l'occasion de la réunion publique organisée le 6 mars par la liste #SixFours à Gauche, Écologiste, Régionaliste & Citoyenne - 2026 conduite par Pascal Cabras dans le cadre des #electionsmunicipales2026

https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2026/03/07/intervention-sur-loccitan-provencal-faite-a-six-fours-par-etienne-berrus-poc/

Toulon, l’éclat d’un nouveau visage au charme provençal

Elle fait partie de celles qu’on juge sans trop les connaître. Longtemps réduite à une simple ville portuaire,…
#Toulon #FR #France #Actu #News #Europe #EU #2026 #actu #Actualités #charme #d’un #europe #l'éclat #nouveau #provençal #Provence-Alpes-Côted'Azur #Région #Républiquefrançaise #toulon #visage
https://www.europesays.com/fr/768184/

https://www.europesays.com/fr/768184/ Toulon, l’éclat d’un nouveau visage au charme provençal #2026 #actu #Actualités #charme #d’un #EU #europe #FR #France #l'éclat #News #nouveau #provençal #ProvenceAlpesCôteD'Azur #Région #RépubliqueFrançaise #toulon #visage

#langueregionale #languedoc #occitan #provençal #ollioules #TPM #var #provence #occitanie

NOTRE LANGUE RÉGIONALE DANS L’ESPACE PUBLIC, SA TRANSMISSION, SA RICHESSE CULTURELLE
(texte des interventions faites par Eric Dussart et Patricia Jouve dans le cadre de la réunion publique organisée le 12 février 2026 par la liste "Ollioules Autrement")

https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2026/02/15/notre-langue-regionale-dans-lespace-public-sa-transmission-sa-richesse-culturelle/

#toponymie #communes #lieux #var #ouestvar #occitan #provencal #laseyne #sanary #signes #sixfours #bandol #LeBausset #signes #evenos #ollioules #lecastellet #saintcyrsurmer

Vendredi 13 février 2026 à La Seyne-sur-Mer, l’université du temps libre organise une rencontre toponymique autour de l’Ouest varois avec Gérard Tautil. Cette rencontre intitulée « De La Sanha a Signa – De La Seyne à Signes » est consacrée à une introduction aux noms de lieux de nos communes. La toponymie, partie des sciences humaines, s’est développée depuis le XIXe siècle et la recherche en Provence, comme dans l’ensemble des pays occitans […]. Lire la suite : https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2026/01/21/rencontre-toponymique-autour-de-louest-varois-le-13-fevrier-a-la-seyne-sur-mer/

sa villa à Nice avec piscine, jardin et terrasse

Samuel Le Bihan est un emblème du cinéma français. L’acteur de 60 ans a eu la chance de…
#Nice #FR #France #Actu #News #Europe #EU #«Le #à #actu #Actualités #ADN #au #avec #bihan #C'est #et #europe #grande #Jardin #l'a #mer #moi #Mon #nice #piscine #provençal #Provence-Alpes-Côted'Azur #Républiquefrançaise #sa #Samuel #somptueuse #Style #terrasse #Vidéo #Villa
https://www.europesays.com/fr/671788/

https://www.europesays.com/fr/671788/ sa villa à Nice avec piscine, jardin et terrasse #«Le #à #actu #Actualités #ADN #au #avec #bihan #C'est #et #EU #europe #FR #France #grande #Jardin #l'a #mer #moi #Mon #News #nice #piscine #provençal #ProvenceAlpesCôteD'Azur #RépubliqueFrançaise #sa #Samuel #somptueuse #Style #terrasse #Vidéo #Villa

Petite #chanson en #occitan #provençal en hommage à nos ancien·nes ainsi qu’à l’esprit de lutte qui, de générations en générations et malgré la répression, traverse les siècles sans jamais renoncer.

https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2026/01/15/flor-de-barricada/

Petite #chanson en #occitan #provençal en hommage à nos ancien·nes ainsi qu’à l’esprit de lutte qui, de générations en générations et malgré la répression, traverse les siècles sans jamais renoncer.

https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2026/01/15/flor-de-barricada/

Propositions du Partit Occitan en matière de valorisation de l’#occitan #provencal à #Ollioules : https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2025/10/18/propositions-du-poc-pour-la-promotion-de-loccitan-provencal-a-ollioules/

https://www.europesays.com/fr/630563/ George Clooney, son sublime domaine provençal où il vit en famille #Actualités #C'est #chose #clooney #DE #domaine #En #et #Famille #FR #France #georges #Il #l'a #Ma #mene #moi #News #On #ou #pour #précieux #privée #provençal #quelque #RépubliqueFrançaise #respecte #rêve #son #très #une #vie

Le 28 décembre 1981, « Le Provençal » visitait la dernière chocolaterie de Marseille

Les émanations de chocolat embaument la salle. Le bruit des machines couvre les discussions des chocolatiers. Au cœur…
#Marseille #FR #France #Actu #News #Europe #EU #«Le #2025 #28décembre1981 #actu #Actualités #chocolaterie #derniere #europe #provençal #Provence-Alpes-Côted'Azur #Région #Républiquefrançaise #visitait
https://www.europesays.com/fr/626979/

#occitan #provençal #langue #outils #ressources #provence #provença #provenço

Qu tèn la clau de sa lengo tèn la clau de sa liberta.
Que ten la clau de sa lenga ten la clau de sa libertat.
Qui tient la clef de sa langue tient la clef de sa liberté.

https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2025/10/17/outils-et-ressources-pour-parler-lire-chanter-ecrire-sinformer-et-communiquer-en-occitan-provencal/

#occitan #provençal #langue #outils #ressources #provence #provença #provenço

Qu tèn la clau de sa lengo tèn la clau de sa liberta.
Que ten la clau de sa lenga ten la clau de sa libertat.
Qui tient la clef de sa langue tient la clef de sa liberté.

https://partitoccitanollioules.org/2025/10/17/outils-et-ressources-pour-parler-lire-chanter-ecrire-sinformer-et-communiquer-en-occitan-provencal/

✊ "RESISTÉNCIA" - c'est la résistance en Occitan. Pour donner de la place à notre colère.
//
✊ "RESISTÉNCIA" - that's how we say resistance in Occitan, the traditionnal language of southern France. Let's give a place to our rightful anger.

#watercolor #illustration #MastoArt #provençal #occitan

✊ "RESISTÉNCIA" - c'est la résistance en Occitan. Pour donner de la place à notre colère.
//
✊ "RESISTÉNCIA" - that's how we say resistance in Occitan, the traditionnal language of southern France. Let's give a place to our rightful anger.

#watercolor #illustration #MastoArt #provençal #occitan

✊ "RESISTÉNCIA" - c'est la résistance en Occitan. Pour donner de la place à notre colère.
//
✊ "RESISTÉNCIA" - that's how we say resistance in Occitan, the traditionnal language of southern France. Let's give a place to our rightful anger.

#watercolor #illustration #MastoArt #provençal #occitan

"La France moderne a été bâtie depuis Paris par ds dirigeants persuadés qu'il est dangereux pr l'unité du pays de laisser exister des histoires, des cultures et des langues qui ne sont pas celle validée par les autorités centrales. Plutôt que de chercher l'unité par l'adhésion de tous à 1 projet commun, ds le respect de leur diversité, elles ont fait le choix de développer le sentiment national français en effaçant toutes les différences et en imposant l'idée d'un peuple unique, avec une seule et même histoire"

https://mobile.abp.bzh/article.php/langues-regionales-un-nouvel-ouvrage-71567

#breton #corse #basque #occitan #alsacien #platt #picard #provencal #gallo #creole #Mahorais #langueskanak #kibushi #caribe

"La France moderne a été bâtie depuis Paris par ds dirigeants persuadés qu'il est dangereux pr l'unité du pays de laisser exister des histoires, des cultures et des langues qui ne sont pas celle validée par les autorités centrales. Plutôt que de chercher l'unité par l'adhésion de tous à 1 projet commun, ds le respect de leur diversité, elles ont fait le choix de développer le sentiment national français en effaçant toutes les différences et en imposant l'idée d'un peuple unique, avec une seule et même histoire"

https://mobile.abp.bzh/article.php/langues-regionales-un-nouvel-ouvrage-71567

#breton #corse #basque #occitan #alsacien #platt #picard #provencal #gallo #creole #Mahorais #langueskanak #kibushi #caribe

"La France moderne a été bâtie depuis Paris par ds dirigeants persuadés qu'il est dangereux pr l'unité du pays de laisser exister des histoires, des cultures et des langues qui ne sont pas celle validée par les autorités centrales. Plutôt que de chercher l'unité par l'adhésion de tous à 1 projet commun, ds le respect de leur diversité, elles ont fait le choix de développer le sentiment national français en effaçant toutes les différences et en imposant l'idée d'un peuple unique, avec une seule et même histoire"

https://mobile.abp.bzh/article.php/langues-regionales-un-nouvel-ouvrage-71567

#breton #corse #basque #occitan #alsacien #platt #picard #provencal #gallo #creole #Mahorais #langueskanak #kibushi #caribe

"La France moderne a été bâtie depuis Paris par ds dirigeants persuadés qu'il est dangereux pr l'unité du pays de laisser exister des histoires, des cultures et des langues qui ne sont pas celle validée par les autorités centrales. Plutôt que de chercher l'unité par l'adhésion de tous à 1 projet commun, ds le respect de leur diversité, elles ont fait le choix de développer le sentiment national français en effaçant toutes les différences et en imposant l'idée d'un peuple unique, avec une seule et même histoire"

https://mobile.abp.bzh/article.php/langues-regionales-un-nouvel-ouvrage-71567

#breton #corse #basque #occitan #alsacien #platt #picard #provencal #gallo #creole #Mahorais #langueskanak #kibushi #caribe

#marseille #calandreta #ecolematernelle #occitan #provençal #rentree2025

#marseille #calandreta #ecolematernelle #occitan #provençal #rentree2025

#marseille #calandreta #ecolematernelle #occitan #provençal #rentree2025