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Pope Pius X

Born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto. He was the Pope of the Catholic Church from August 4, 1903, until his death on August 20, 1914.

He opposed modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine. He promoted liturgical reforms & Thomist scholastic theology. Thomism is the philosophical & theological school that arose as a legacy of the work & thought of Thomas Aquinas.

He initiated the preparation of the 1917 Code of Canon Law, the 1st comprehensive & systemic work of its kind, which was ultimately announced by his successor. He’s venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.

He was born in the Austrian Empire to a poor family. He was devoted to the Blessed Virgin Mary under the title of Our Lady of Confidence. His papal encyclical Ad deim illum took on a sense of renewal that was reflected in the motto of his pontificate.

He advanced the Liturgical Movement by formulating the principle of participatio actuosa (active participation of the faithful) in his motu proprio, Tra le sollecitudini (1903). He encouraged the frequent reception of Holy Communion. He lowered the age for First Communion, which would become a lasting innovation of his papacy. It was changed from 12-14 years to around 7 years.

Pius X was known for his firm demeanor & sense of poverty, reflected by his membership in the Third Order of St. Francis. He regularly gave sermons from the pulpit, a rare practice at the time.

After the 1908 Messina earthquake, he filled the Apostolic Palace with refugees, long before the Italian government acted. He rejected any kind of favors for his family, & his close relatives chose to remain in poverty, living near Rome. He also undertook a reform of the Roman Curia with the Apostolic Constitution Sapienti consilio in 1908. An apostolic constitution is the most solemn form of legislation issued by the Pope. It’s 1 of several types of papal bull that can be issued from the Vatican.

After his death, a strong cult of devotion followed, with a reputation for piety & holiness. He was beatified in 1951 & canonized in 1954 by Pope Pius XII. A statue bearing his name stands within St. Peter’s Basilica. His birth town was renamed Riese Pio X after his death. It’s located in northeast Italy in the province of Treviso in the region of Veneto.

He was born in Riese, Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia, Austrian Empire, on June 2, 1835. He was the 2nd born of 10 kids of Giovanni Battista Sarto, the village postman, & Margherita Sanson. He was baptized on June 3, 1835 (1 day old). The most common (modern) age for the 1st baptism in the Catholic Church is between 6 weeks & 6 months old. In the 1800s, Catholics baptized infants within the 1st 24-48 hours.

As Pope, he rejected any kind of favors for his family: his brother stayed a postal clerk, his favorite nephew stayed on as village priest, & his 3 sisters lived together in humble circumstances in Rome.

In 1850, he received the tonsure from his parish priest. The parish priest wrote to the Cardinal of Venice to secure Sartol/Pius a scholarship to the Seminary of Padua, “where he finished his classical, philosophical & theological studies with distinction.”

On September 18, 1858, Pius was ordained a priest by Giovanni Antonio Farina, Bishop of Treviso (later canonized), & became a chaplain at Tombolo. While there, Pius expanded his knowledge of theology, studying Thomas Aquinas & Canon Law, while carrying out most of the functions of the sickly parish priest Constantini. In Tombolo, Pius’ reputation for holiness grew so much that some people called him “Don Sarto.”

After 1880, Pius taught dogmatic theology & moral theology at the seminary in Treviso. On November 10, 1884, he was appointed Bishop of Mantua by Pope Leo XIII. He was consecrated 6 days later in Rome, in the church of Sant’Apollina alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrini, by Cardinal Lucido Parocchi, assisted by Pietro Rota & by Giovanni Maria Berengo.

He was appointed to the honorary position of assistant at the pontifical throne on June 19, 1891. Pius required papal dispensation from Pope Leo XIII before episcopal consecration, as he lacked a doctorate, making him the last Pope without a doctorate until Pope Francis. An assistant to the pontifical throne was an ecclesiastical title in the Catholic Church. It was designed for prelates belonging to the Papal Chapel, which stood near the throne of the Pope at solemn functions.

Pope Leo XIII made Pius a cardinal of the order of Cardinal priests in a secret priests in a secret meeting (consistory) on June 12, 1893. In a public meeting (consistory) on June 15, 1893, the Pope gave him his cardinal’s red hat (galero), appointed him the titular church of San Bernardo alle Terme, & appointed him Patriarch of Venice.

This created a problem as the reunified Italian government claimed the right to nominate the Patriarch. Since the previous sovereign (the Emperor of Austria) has exercised that power. The poor relations between the Roman Curia & the Italian civil government since the annexation of the Papal States in 1870 placed additional strain on the appointment. Pius was finally allowed to have the patriarchy in 1894. He was formally enthroned on November 24, 1894.

Pope Leo XIII died on July 20, 1903. At the end of the month, the conclave convened to elect his successor. Pius had 0 desire for the papacy. According to historians, the favorite was the pope’s secretary of state, Cardinal Mariano Rampolla. On the 1st ballot, Rampolla received 24 votes, a man named Gotti had 17 votes, & Pius got 5 votes. On the 2nd ballot, Rampolla had gained 5 votes, as did Pius.

The next day, it seemed that Rampolla would be elected. However, the Polish Cardinal Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko from Krakow, in the name of Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria-Hungary, proclaimed a veto (jus exclusivae) against Rampolla’s election. Many protested in the conclave. It was even suggested to disregard the veto. Emperor Franz Joseph was also the 1 who triggered the events of WWI.

However, the 3rd vote had already begun. This resulted in no clear winner but increased support for Pius, with 21 votes. The 4th vote showed Rampolla with 30 votes & Pius with 24 votes. The following morning, the 5th vote gave Rampolla 10 votes, Gotti with 2 votes, & Pius with 50 votes. On August 4, 1903, Pius was elected to the pontificate. This marked the last known exercise of a papal veto by a Catholic monarch.

In 1904, Pope Pius X formally abolished the jus exclusivae through the constitution Commissum Nobis. Any monarch or government official who attempts to submit a veto or interfere in a papal election faces automatic excommunication (latae sententiae).

Historically, the “right” was only ever claimed by the monarchs of Spain, France, & Austria. Smaller principalities like Monaco, Liechtenstein, or Luxembourg never held or claimed this privilege. Therefore, King Felipe VI of Spain is the only current monarch whose ancestors historically used the veto. But he has no legal or ecclesiastical right to do so today.

At 1st, Pius declined the nomination, feeling unworthy. With the Cardinals asking him to reconsider, he went into solitude in the Pauline Chapel. After deep prayer, he accepted the position. Cardinal Luigi Macchi announced Pius’ election around 12:10 pm.

He took the papal name of Pius X. This was out of respect for his recent predecessors of the same name, particularly Pope Pius IX (who had fought against theological liberals & for papal supremacy). Pius X’s traditional coronation took place on the following Sunday, August 9, 1903.

Pius X beatified a total of 131 individuals & canonized 4. One of the most famous people he beatified was THE Joan of Arc in 1909. And in 1908, Pope Pius X named John Chrysostom a patron saint of preachers.

In 1913, Pope Pius X suffered a heart attack. In 1914, he fell ill on the Feast of the Assumption of Mary (August 15, 1914). He wouldn’t recover. The Pope, shortly after, received the Last Rites & eventually the disease, which he’d been suffering, extended to the bronchial tree, resulting in pneumonia that killed him.

He passed away at 1:20 pm on August 20, 1914. This was on the very day when German forces marched into Brussels. His sister, Anna, was praying at his bedside when Pius X passed away. His last act of life was to kiss the little crucifix that he’d clasped in his hands.

He was buried in a simple & unadorned tomb in the crypt below St. Peter’s Basilica. His body was laid in state on August 21 in red pontifical vestments & then interred following the Requiem Mass, following his coffin lying in state on a large catafalque in the Sistine Chapel. A catafalque is the raised platform that supports the casket, coffin, or body of a dead person.

On May 29, 1944, the body of Pius X was exhumed for inspection as part of the beatification process. During which the remains were found to be miraculously incorrupt. After the examination & the end of the apostolic process towards Pius X’s cause, Pius XII bestowed the title of Venerable Servant of God upon Pius X.

Following this, the process towards beatification began. His beatification took place on June 3, 1951. On May 29, 1954, Pius X was canonized. Pius X became the 1st Pope since Pius V (1712) to be canonized.

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Pope honors Barcelona’s sacred monuments on death centenary of Sagrada Familia designer Gaudí

Pope Leo XIV greets the faithful from the balcony after leading a rosary at the Abbey of Our…
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Pope Leo XIV to Add Voice to Social Teaching

During his recent apostolic trip to Cameroon, the Pope called on Catholic university students from central Africa to…
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https://www.europesays.com/ie/462016/ Asteroid named for Pope Leo XIII highlights Vatican’s longstanding support of science: ‘Faith and science go together’ #Asteroids #Astronomy #Éire #FaithAndScience #GregorianCalendarReform #IE #InternationalAstronomicalUnion #Ireland #Jesuits #PopeLeoXIII #Science #VaticanAdvancedTechnologyTelescope #VaticanObservatory

https://www.europesays.com/africa/212819/ Pope Leo XIV’s Historic Africa Visit Highlights Urgent Call for Peace and Reconciliation #Africa #Asteroid #MostRead #Ordinations #PopeLeoXIII #PopeLeoXIV #Simoni #StAndrewKimTaegon #StCarloAcutis #StFrancesXavierCabrini #StJosephineBakhita #TopStories

Just a picture of a majestic, benevolent, god-like figure who has been worshipped for thousands of years. Being held by a doctor.
#Trump #Pope #PopeLeoXIII #Iran #StraitOfHormuz #USA #USPolitics #Midterms

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It would be funnier if it couldn't be true.

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I do know it's absolutely NOT OK to bully orange #cats, but...
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https://www.europesays.com/2877277/ Cameroon releases official Papal Visit anthem: Terre de l’Alliance #África #ApostolicJourney #Cameroon #CatholicChurch #PopeLeoXIII #StatoDellaCittàDelVaticano #StatusCivitatisVaticanae #Vatican #VaticanCity #VaticanCityState #Vaticano

St. Anne

According to Christian tradition, St. Anne was the mom of the Virgin Mary, wife of St. Joachim, & was Jesus’ maternal grandma.

Her name isn’t in the Bible’s canonical Gospels. In writing, Anne’s name, & Joachim’s come from New Testament apocrypha. The Gospel of Thomas (written circa 150 AD) seems to be the earliest that mentions them. She’s mentioned in the Quran, but not by name.

The Immaculate Conception was eventually made dogma by the Catholic Church following an increased devotion to Anne in the 12th century. In Eastern Christianity dedications start as early as 6th century.

In the Eastern Orthodox tradition, Anne & Joachim are attributed to the title Ancestor of God. Both the Nativity of Mary & the Presentation of Mary are celebrated as 2 of the 12 Great Feasts of the Orthodox Church.

The Dormition of Anne is also a minor feast in Eastern Christianity. In Lutheranism, it’s believed that Martin Luther chose to enter religious life as an Augustinian friar after invoking St. Anne was jeopardized by lightning.

In the 4th century, & in the 15th century, a belief arose that Mary was conceived of Anne without original sin. The Immaculate Conception is often confused with the Annunciation of the Incarnation (Mary’s virgin birth of Jesus). The 13th century Speculum Maius includes information regarding the life of St. Anne.

In the Eastern church, the veneration of Anne herself may go back as far as circa 550, when Justinian built a church in Constantinople in her honor. The earliest pictorial sign of her veneration in the West in an 8th century fresco in the church of Santa Maria Antique, Rome.

The Feast of the Conception of the Virgin Mary had reached southern Italy by the 9th century. In the Latin Church, St. Anne wasn’t venerated. Except, perhaps, in the south of France, before the 13th century. A shrine at Douai (in northern France) was 1 of the early centers of devotion to St. Anne in the West.

The Anna Selbdritt was a type of iconography showing 3 generations of the “Holy Family,” St. Anne, the Virgin Mary, & Jesus (grandma, mom, son). This style of iconography emphasized the humanity of Jesus. It drew on the earlier conventions of the Seat of Wisdom. (The Seat of Wisdom is/are icons/sculptures that shows the Virgin Mary is seated on a throne with Jesus, as a kid, on her lap.) This was popular in northern Germany in the 1500s.

Two well-known shrines to St. Anne is that of Ste-Anne-d’Auray in Brittany (France) & that of Ste.-Anne-de-Beaupre near the city of Quebec. The number of pilgrims to the Basilica of Ste.-Anne-de-Beaupre is the greatest of St. Anne’s Feast Day (July 26), & the Sunday before the Nativity of the Virgin Mary (September 8). In 1892, Pope Leo XIII sent a relic of St. Anne to the church.

By the middle of the 7th century, a distinct feast day, the Conception of St. Anne (Maternity of Holy Anne) celebrating Mary by St. Anne, was observed at the Monastery of St. Sabas.

It’s now known in the Greek Orthodox Church as the feast of “The Conception by St. Anne of the Most Holy Theotokos.” It’s celebrated on December 9th. In the Catholic Church, the Feast of Saints Anne & Joachim is celebrated on July 26. The alleged relics of St. Anne was brought from the Holy Land to Constantinople in 710 & was kept there in the church of St. Sophia as late as 1333.

During the 12th & 13th centuries, returning crusaders & pilgrims from the East brought St. Anne’s relics to some churches, including most famously those at Apt, in Provence, Ghent, & Chartres. St. Anne’s relics have been preserved & venerated in the many cathedrals & monasteries dedicated to her name.

For example, in Austria, Canada, Germany, Italy, & Greece in the semi-autonomous Mount Athos, & the city of Katerini. Duren has been the main place of pilgrimage for Anne since 1506, when Pope Julius II decreed that her relics should be kept there, after they were stolen from the church of St. Stephen in Mainz.

The Church of St. Anne in Beit Guvrin National Park was built by the Byzantines & the crusaders in the 12th century. This is known in Arabic as Khirbet Sandahanna, the mound of Maresha being called Tell Sandahanna.

St. Anne is the patroness of unmarried women, housewives, women in labor or who want to be pregnant, grandmothers, moms, & educators. She’s also a patroness of horseback riders, cabinet-makers, & miners.

As the mom of Mary, this devotion to St. Anne as the patron of miners arises from the medieval comparison between Mary & Jesus & the precious metals: gold & silver. Anne’s womb was considered the source from which these precious metals were mined.

St. Anne is the patron saint of Brittany (France); Cuenca (Ecuador); Chinandega (Nicaragua); the Mi’kmaq people of Canada; Castelbuono (Sicily); Quebec (Canada); Santa Ana (California); Norwich (Connecticut); Detroit (Michigan); Adjunta (Puerto Rico); Santa Ana & Jucuaran (El Salvador); Berlin (New Hampshire); Santa Ana Pueblo, Seama, & Taos (New Mexico); Chiclana de la Frontera, Marsaskala, Tuadela, Atarfe & Fasnia (Spain); Town of Sta Ana Province of Pampanga, Molo, Iloilo City, Balasan; Iloilo, Hagnoy, Santa Ana, Taguig City, St. Anne Shrine, Malicboy, Pagbilao, Quezon, & Malinao, Albay (Philippines); Santana (Brazil); St. Anne (Illinois); Sainte Anne Island; Baie Sainte Anne & Praslin Island (Seychelles); Bukit Mertajam & Port Klang (Malaysia); Kl’ucove (Slovakia) & South Vietnam.

The parish church of Vatican City is Sant’ Anna dei Palafrenieri. There’s a shrine dedicated to St. Anne in the Woods in Bristol, United Kingdom.

Anne is also revered in Islam, recognized as a highly spiritual woman & as the mom of Mary. She’s not named in the Quran. She’s called “the wife of Imran.” The Quran describes her remaining childless until old age. One day, Anne saw a bird feeding its young while sitting in the shade of a tree, which awakened her desire to have kids of her own.

She prayed for a kid & eventually conceived. Imran, her husband, died before the kid was born. Anne expected the unborn kid to be a boy, so she vowed to dedicate “him” to isolation & service in the Second Temple.

Anne had a daughter (Mary) instead. Anne named her: Mary. Anne’s words upon delivering Mary reflect as a great mystic, realizing that while she’d had wanted a son, this daughter was God’s gift to her.

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Quote of the day, 20 November: St. Thérèse

On 20 November 1887, Pope Leo XIII received pilgrims from the dioceses of Coutances, Bayeux, and Nantes in a private audience. Father Révérony, the Vicar General of Bayeux, introduced the pilgrims from Bayeux and Lisieux. Thérèse explains what happened during the papal audience in a letter to her sister, Pauline.

My dear little Pauline,

God is making me pass through real trials before having me enter Carmel. I am going to tell you how my visit with the pope went.

Oh! Pauline, if you could only have read my heart, you would have seen there a great confidence. I believe I did what God wanted me to do, and now there remains nothing for me to do but to pray.

Monseigneur [the bishop] was not there. M. Révérony [the Vicar General] was taking his place. For you to get an idea of the audience, it would be necessary for you to be there.

The pope was seated on a large chair, very high. M. Révérony was very close to him; he was looking at the pilgrims who were passing in front of the pope after kissing his foot, and he was saying a word about some of them. You can imagine how my heart was beating when seeing my turn come, but I did not want to return to my place without having spoken to the pope. I said what you were telling me in your letter but not all, for M. Révérony did not give me time.

He said immediately: “Most Holy Father, this is a child who wants to enter Carmel at fifteen, but the superiors are considering the matter at this moment.” (The good pope is so old that one would say he is dead; I would never have pictured him like this. He can hardly say anything. It is M. Révérony who talks.)

I would have liked to be able to explain my business, but there was no way. The Holy Father said simply: “If God wills it, you will enter.” Then they made me pass into another room.

Oh! Pauline, I cannot tell you what I felt. I was crushed. I felt I was abandoned, and then, I am so far, so far. . . .

I was crying a lot when writing this letter; my heart is heavy. However, God cannot give me trials that are above my strength. He has given me the courage to bear this trial. Oh! it is very great. . . . But, Pauline, I am the Child Jesus’ little ball; if He wishes to break His toy, He is free. Yes, I will all that He wills.

Saint Thérèse of Lisieux

LT 36, letter to Pauline Martin (Agnès of Jesus, OCD)
20 November 1887

Note: The bishop of Bayeux, Monseigneur Hugonin, did not participate in the pilgrimage. Monseigneur Germain, the bishop of Coutances, presented his 125 pilgrims, then left Father Révérony to introduce the pilgrims from Bayeux.

Thérèse of Lisieux, S & Clarke, J 1982, General Correspondence: Letters of Saint Therese of Lisieux: Volume 1 1877-1890, Centenary ed., Institute of Carmelite Studies, Washington DC.

We always refer to the website of the Archives of the Carmel of Lisieux for the vast majority of our quotes concerning Saint Thérèse, Saint Zélie, and Saint Louis Martin, but if you would like to purchase any of the English translations that appear on the Archives website, please visit the website of our Discalced Carmelite friars at ICS Publications. 

Featured image: Pope Leo XIII, Charles M. Johnson, 1899, fumée engraving in black on tissue paper, National Gallery of Art, Washington DC (Public domain)

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https://www.europesays.com/2454662/ Pope Leo XIV to Mark 125 Years of Sant’Anselmo Church in Rome| National Catholic Register #benedictines #CatholicChurch #ChurchOfSant’Anselmo #Pope #PopeLeo #PopeLeoXIII #PopeLeoXIV #StatoDellaCittàDelVaticano #StatusCivitatisVaticanae #Vatican #VaticanCity #VaticanCityState #Vaticano

With 363,646 views on Friday, 9 May 2025, the popular Wiki of the Day is Pope Leo XIII.

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After Pope Leo XIII's encounter with St. Thérèse on 20 November 1887, her sister Céline wrote to Marie in the Lisieux Carmel to explain everything. Pauline then wrote to her father, St. Louis Martin on 23 November, saying: the Pope “saw the halo that already circles your forehead.”

Read the exchange of letters between Céline, Marie, Pauline and her father on our blog:
http://carmelitequotes.blog/2022/11/22/pauline-23nov1887/

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