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  1. Spirituality & Religious Studies @spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com@spiritualityreligiousstudies.wordpress.com ·

    Immaculate Conception

    This is the doctrine that the Virgin Mary was/is free from original sin from the moment of her conception. It’s 1 of the 4 Marian dogmas of the Catholic Church. The feast day of the Immaculate Conception is December 8.

    It wasn’t defined as a dogma until 1854, by Pope Pius IX in the papal bull Ineffabilis Deus. While the Immaculate Conception asserts Mary’s freedom from original sin, the Council of Trent (1545-1563) had previously affirmed her freedom from personal sin non-dogmatically.

    Many Protestant churches reject this doctrine as unscriptural. Some Anglicans accept this as a pious devotion. The teaching of the Immaculate Conception among Oriental Orthodoxy varies. The Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church & the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church accept it.

    Anne (who eventually becomes a saint), the mom of the Virgin Mary & Jesus’ maternal grandma, shows up for the 1st time in the 2nd-century apocryphal Gospel of James. Anne & her husband Joachim (who also became a saint) were infertile. But God heard their prayers. Mary was then conceived.

    Within the Gospel of James, Mary’s conception happens without physical sexual intercourse between Anne & Joachim. This is to demonstrate Mary’s purity. The Eastern Orthodox Church believes that Mary was conceived by her parents like we all were.

    Justin Martyr, Irenaeus, & Cyrus of Jerusalem came up with the idea of Mary as the new Eve. While yet immaculate & incorrupt, she wasn’t subject to original sin. Ephraim the Syrian said she was as innocent as Eve before the Fall.

    Ambrose asserted Mary’s incorruptibility, attributing her virginity to grace & immunity from sin. Severus, the Bishop of Antioch, agreed to affirm Mary’s purity & immaculateness. John of Damascus extended the supernatural influence of God to Mary’s parents. This suggests they were purified by the Holy Spirit during her generation. According to John of Damascus, even the material of Mary’s origin was deemed pure & holy.

    By the 4th century, the idea of Mary being free from sin was more widespread. But her being free from original sin, passed down from the OGs Adam & Eve, raised questions. The question became more acute when the feast of Mary’s conception brought the objection that, as adult spicy time is sinful, & to celebrate Mary’s conception was to celebrate a sinful act. (Let’s get 1 thing straight: God doesn’t make married adult spicy time between 2 consenting MARRIED adults a sin! He (God) in fact encourages a healthy marital sex life. “Be fruitful & multiply,” ring any bells! And how exactly do we multiply? This is the conclusion of our TED talk.)

    The feast of Mary’s conception came from the Eastern Church in the 7th century. It reached England in the 11th century. From there, it spread out to Europe. It was given official approval in 1477 & extended to the whole church in 1693. The word “immaculate” wasn’t used until 1854.

    This doctrine caused a “civil war” between the Franciscans & the Dominicans during the Middle Ages. The Franciscan “Scotists” were in favor & the Dominican “Thomists” against it.

    The English ecclesiastic & scholar Eadmer (circa 1060-circa 1126) reasoned that Mary might have been conceived without original sin because of God’s omnipotence. It was also appropriate for her role as Mother of God. Potuit, decuit, fecit: “it was possible, it was fitting, therefore it was done.”

    Others, like St. Bernard of Clairvaux (of the St. Bernard dog breed fame, 1090-1153) & Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274) objected because if Mary were free of original sin at her superfluous conception. Then she would have no need of redemption. Thus making Christ’s saving redemption unneeded.

    In 1439, the Council of Basel, in schism with Pope Eugene IV (who lived at the Council of Florence), declared the Immaculate Conception a “pious opinion” consistent with faith & Scripture. The Council of Trent made no explicit declaration on the topic. But did exempt her from the universality of original sin.

    They also affirmed that she remained free from all stains of sin during her life, even the venial ones. By 1571, the revised Roman Breviary set out an elaborate celebration of the Feast of the Immaculate Conception on December 8.

    Some devotees go so far as to hold that Anne had conceived Mary just by kissing her husband. They also believe that (St.) Anne’s dad & grandma had likewise been conceived without spicy adult time. However, (St.) Bridget of Sweden (circa 1303-1373) told how Mary herself had revealed to her that Anne & Joachim conceived their daughter through a spicy adult time, which was sinless because it was pure & free of sexual lust.

    In the 16th & 17th centuries, Spain exploded with Immaculatist devotion. This led the Habsburg monarchs to demand the Holy See elevate this belief to the status of dogma.

    In France in 1830, Catherine Laboure (May 2, 1806-December 31, 1876) saw a vision of Mary standing on a globe while a voice commanded her to have a medal made in imitation of what she saw. The medal said, “O Mary, conceived without sin, pray for us who have recourse to thee,” which was a confirmation from Mary herself that she was conceived without sin. Laboure’s vision marked the beginning of a great 19th-century Marian revival.

    In 1849, Pope Pius IX issued the encyclical Ubi primum, soliciting the bishops of the church for their views on whether the doctrine should be defined as dogma. 90% of those who responded were supportive. Although the Archbishop of Paris, Marie-Dominique-Auguste Sibour, warned that the Immaculate Conception “could be proved neither from the Scriptures nor from tradition.”

    In 1854, the Immaculate Conception dogma was proclaimed with the bull Ineffabilis Deus. Ineffabilis Deus found the Immaculate Conception in the Ark of Salvation (Noah’s Ark), Jacob’s Ladder, the Burning Bush at Sinai, the Enclosed Garden from the Song of Song/Song of Solomon, & many more passages.

    The pope’s advisors singled out 2 Bible passages: Genesis 3:15 – “I’ll put enmity between you & the woman.” This is a prophecy which reached fulfillment in the figure of the Woman in Revelation, crowned with stars & trampling the Dragon underfoot. Luke 1:28 – Specifically the phrase “full of grace” by which Gabriel greeted Mary was another reference to her Immaculate Conception: “she was never subject to the curse & was, together with her Son, the only partaker of perpetual benediction.”

    Four years after the proclamation of the dogma, in 1858, the young Bernadette Soubirous (of the Lourdes grotto fame) said that Mary appeared to her at Lourdes in southern France, to announce that she was the Immaculate Conception. The Catholic Church later endorsed the apparition as authentic. There are other “approved” Marian apparitions in which Mary identified herself as the Immaculate Conception. For example, Our Lady of Gietrzwald in 1877, Poland.

    The feast day of the Immaculate Conception is December 8. The Roman Missal (which contains texts & rubrics (a set of rules)) & the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours (a set of Catholic prayers) include references to Mary’s Immaculate Conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception.

    Its celebration seems to have begun in the Eastern church in the 7th century & may have spread to Ireland by the 8th century. The earliest well-attested record in the Western Church is from England early in the 11th century. It was suppressed there after the Norman Conquest (1066). The 1st thorough exposition of the doctrine was a response to this suppression. It continued to spread through the 15th century despite accusations of heresy from the Thomists & strong objections from several prominent theologians.

    Beginning around 1140, St. Bernard of Clairvaux (Yes, like the dog breed. That’s where the dog breed got its name.), a Cistercian monk (This is a religious order of monks & nuns that branched off from the Benedictines.), wrote to Lyons Cathedral to express his surprise & dissatisfaction that it had recently begun to be observed there.

    But in 1477, Pope Lixtus IV, who was a devoted Immaculist, put it on the Roman calendar via the papal bull called Cum praexcelsa. In 1481 & 1483, Pope Sixtus IV published 2 more bulls which prohibited anyone from preaching or teaching against the Immaculate Conception, or for either side to accuse the other of heresy, under threats of excommunication.

    Pope Pius V kept the Feast on the Tridentine calendar. But suppressed the word “Immaculate.” Pope Gregory XV, in 1622, prohibited any public or private assertion that Mary was conceived in sin. In 1624, Pope Urban VIII allowed the Franciscans to establish a military order dedicated to the Virgin of the Immaculate Conception.

    The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo & Eritrean Orthodox Tewahed Churches believe in the Immaculate Conception of the Theotokos. The Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church celebrates the Feast of the Immaculate Conception on August 13 (Nehasie 7).

    Eastern Orthodoxy does not exempt Mary from original sin. But they do affirm Mary’s purity & preservation from personal sin.

    In the mid-1800s, some Catholics who were unable to accept the doctrine of papal infallibility left the Roman Church & formed the Old Catholic Church. They reject the Immaculate Conception.

    Protestants overwhelmingly condemned the announcement of Ineffabilis Deus. Protestants teach that Mary was a sinner, saved through grace, like everyone else.

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    #1066 #1090 #1140 #1153 #11thCentury #1439 #1477 #1481 #1483 #1545 #1563 #1571 #15thCentury #1622 #1624 #16thCentury #17thCentury #1830 #1849 #1854 #1858 #19thCentury #2May1806 #2ndCentury #31December1876 #4thCentury #7thCentury #8thCentury #Adam #Ambrose #Anglicans #Apocryphal #ArchbishopOfParis #ArkOfSalvation #August13 #Benedictines #BernadetteSoubirous #BishopOfAntioch #BurningBush #CatherineLaboure #CatholicChurch #Circa1060 #Circa1126 #Circa1303 #Circa1373 #Cistercian #CouncilOfBasel #CouncilOfFlorence #CouncilOfTrent #CumPraexcelsa #CyrusOfJerusalem #December8 #Dogma #Dominicans #Dragon #Eadmer #EasternChurch #EasternOrthodoxChurch #EnclosedGarden #England #EphraimTheSyrian #EritreanOrthodoxTewahedoChurch #EthiopianOrthodoxTewahedo #EthiopianOrthodoxTewahedoChurch #Europe #Eve #Excommunication #FallOfMan #FeastDay #FeastOfTheImmaculateConception #France #Franciscans #Gabriel #Genesis315 #GospelOfJames #HapsburgMonarchs #HolySee #HolySpirit #ImmaculateConception #ImmaculateConceptionOfTheTheotokos #Immaculist #IneffabilisDeus #Ireland #Irenaeus #JacobSLadder #Jesus #JohnOfDamascus #JustinMartyr #Lourdes #LourdesGrotto #Luke128 #LyonsCathedral #MarianApparition #MarianDogmas #MarieDominiqueAugusteSibour #Medal #Mid1800s #MiddleAges #monk #MotherOfGod #Nehasie7 #NoahSArk #NormanConquest #OldCatholicChurch #OrientalOrthodoxChurch #OriginalSin #OurLadyOfGietrzwald #papalBull #PapalInfallibility #PersonalSin #Poland #PopeEugeneIV #PopeGregoryXV #PopePiusIX #PopePiusV #PopeSixtusIV #PopeUrbanVIII #Protestant #Revelation #RomanBreviary #RomanCalendar #RomanChurch #RomanMissal #RomanRiteLiturgy #RomanRiteLiturgyOfTheHours #Rubrics #Scotists #Severus #Sin #Sinai #SongOfSolomon #SongOfSongs #SouthernFrance #Spain #StAnne #StBernard #StBernardOfClairvaux #StBridgetOfSweden #StJoachim #Thomists #TridentineCalendar #UbiPrimum #VirginMary #VirginOfTheImmaculateConception
  2. CW: Science teachers from Queensland Open Brethren schools told to teach students about vegetarian dinosaurs on Noah’s Ark.~The Guardian

    This is 3 months old but I missed it.
    “Teachers employed by a large group of Queensland Christian schools were told to teach creationism in science classes, including that vegetarian baby dinosaurs would have been taken aboard Noah’s Ark.”

    Hilarious but also terrifying.

    “The conference featured a presentation by the Answers in Genesis’ director of research, Australian geologist Andrew Snelling.

    “Those present say Snelling told them the radiometric dating techniques used by mainstream scientists to show fossils and rocks are millions of years old were flawed. He said the Himalayas were formed by the “great flood”, and that juvenile vegetarian dinosaurs had been on the ark.

    theguardian.com/australia-news

    #auspol #creationism #noahsArk #Dinosaurs #MiniatureAnimals #Christians #PrivateSchools #Queensland #Snelling #OpenBrethren

  3. #1181 Andrew Cook (ed) - Archives: The Journal of the British Records Association, Vol XVI, No 70, October 1983. The British Records Association, London.

    #Archives #Archivists #BritishRecordsAssociation #NoahsArk #Medieval #BookOfTheDay

  4. Has #NoahsArk been found?

    Did #RonWyatt really find the #Ark of #Noah in #Turkey? Is the #Durupinar site actually the resting place of Noah's Ark?

    How did one nurse anesthetist with zero #archaeological training fool millions into believing he'd discovered the #biblical vessel near #MtArarat?

    Let's expose the truth behind Ron Wyatt's Noah's Ark #hoax and #debunk his #pseudoarchaeological #claims.

    youtube.com/watch?v=I5t1R-MutY

  5. Noah's Ark

    Marie-Madeleine Fourcade was the leader of the French Resistance network "Alliance", a position she inherited after the capture of 'Navarre' who had recruited her. To the Germans the Alliance was known as Noah's Ark because it's members were all given code names of animals. Fourcade was known as Hérisson ("Hedgehog"). Their goal was to gather information about German troops in France, + transmit this intelligence to Britain. They also aided downed British airman to return home.

    Many of Fourcade's agents were captured - including her second-in-command, Léon Faye, with whom she had a child during the war. Fourcade herself was captured twice, escaping both times. The 2nd time she took off all her clothes + squeezed through the bars of her cell with her dress clenched in her teeth, crawling across the street on her hands + knees before dressing + making her escape!

    She survived the war and passed away in 1989 at 80

    #mariemadeleinefourcade #hedgehog #herisson #noahsark #resistance #frenchresistance #resist #wwii

  6. Noah had to leave a very hot planet with rising sea levels in a real hurry (hence the spelling on the yacht).

    The family luxury ark had all that was dear to them on board: cars, dogs and meat. There was not enough space to take any of the wildlife with them. After a short time their cruising lifestyle came to an abrupt halt when they ran out of petrol and a liveable atmosphere.
    #biodiversity #wildlife #bannishment #ecocide #destruction #environment #NoahsArk #cars #dogs #meat #ClimateBreakdown #FossilFuels #narrative

  7. How #NoahsArk Debunks the WHOLE #Bible

    youtube.com/watch?v=j6apFLhUjYs

    Could the story of #Noah's #Ark actually be true? Is there evidence of a #globalflood? Does #science conflict with the Bible?

    40% of Americans still believe in a literal global flood, but the evidence tells a completely different story.

    Today we'll be exploring 12 undeniable pieces of #scientificevidence that prove beyond any doubt that the #Earth was never entirely submerged underwater.

    #atheism #atheist #holykoolaid

  8. **Could it be Noah’s Ark?**
    Archaeologists in Turkey believe they may have uncovered the remains of the legendary vessel described in the Bible. Found near Mount Ararat, the discovery includes ancient materials dating back to the time of the flood story—sparking excitement among historians and believers alike.

    Faith and history collide in the most fascinating ways.

    @goodnews

    #GoodNews #NoahsArk #BibleDiscovery #MountArarat #AncientMysteries #ArchaeologyNews
    thesun.co.uk/tech/34152520/bib

  9. Conjecture about the ark passengers: was Bigfoot part of the divine plan for survival, or does its absence imply something else? #Bigfoot #noahsark bigfootbeat.blog/post/77772628

  10. I've had this Noah's Ark for a while, seemed like a quirky decoration for my staircase window, but today I finally got around to adding some animals. I'm not too familiar with the cultural narrative, so hopefully I'm along the correct lines... 😉

  11. @rightardia The Epic of Gilgamesh and the Bible have fascinating parallels, especially the flood story. In Gilgamesh (written around 2100 BCE), Utnapishtim is warned by the gods to build a boat and save animals from a massive flood, just like Noah in the Bible’s Genesis (written around 500–600 BCE). Both stories feature a divine warning, an ark, and a great flood. But while the Bible presents a monotheistic view, Gilgamesh involves multiple gods.

    #Gilgamesh #BibleStories #NoahsArk #AncientHistory #FloodMyth #Mesopotamia #BiblicalStudies #EpicOfGilgamesh #Mythology #ReligiousTexts #Plagiarism

  12. Archaeologists have uncovered a 5,000-year-old boat-shaped mound in Turkey, sparking curiosity about its connection to Noah's Ark! ⛵️🔍 Could this ancient find rewrite history? 🌍✨ #NoahsArk #Archaeology #History #Turkey #AncientDiscoveries Read more:

    s.42l.fr/tArZ5Twn

    BckpLink.:

    wionews.com/world/is-it-noahs-

  13. Exploring #Rijksmuseum's gem, "Bouw van de ark van Noach" by Wijnand Otto Jan Nieuwenkamp, 1900. A tale of faith & craftsmanship. What emotion does it evoke in you?

    #FineArt #ArtHistory #NoahsArk
    rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/RP

  14. @pzmyers
    "Noah and by implication his wife may well have kept a menagerie, in which they trained the animals to go in and out of their quarters when told, to defecate in specified areas, and to use chamber pots."
    #NoahsArk
    3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/

  15. Do toys still exist outside weird religious compounds that get on the news for being a bit rapey?

  16. #494 Bob Rickard and Paul Sieveking (eds) - Fortean Times: The Journal of Strange Phenomena, No 120. John Brown Publishing Ltd, London, March 1999. #ForteanTimes #BobRickard #PaulSieveking #NoahsArk #ÉliphasLévi #BookOfTheDay

  17. Immersed in awe with Wijnand Otto Jan Nieuwenkamp's "Bouw van de ark van Noach" (1900) at #Rijksmuseum. His genius breathes life into the mythic past. Do you find yourself aboard?

    #Rijksmuseum #NoahsArk #Historic
    rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/RP

  18. @DamienMarieAtHope
    Please note: According to The Bible, God waited for every pregnant woman on Earth to give birth before he killed all those babies.

    Oh. Waitaminute. No he didn't. My bad. 😉 #NoahsArk

  19. The Ark Encounter is a $102 million amusement park in #Williamstown, #Kentucky; it features "a full-size Noah's Ark, built according to the dimensions given in the Bible", the world's third such structure, or, to be more accurate, "a boat-shaped building held together with riveted steel brackets". Ark Encounter opened in 2016 amidst controversy and chaos, as per usual for anything involving Ken Ham and Answers in Genesis.

    #RationalWiki #arkencounter #answersingenesis #noahsark #kenham #biblicalliteralism
    rationalwiki.org/wiki/Ark_Enco