#mammal — Public Fediverse posts

SHAME IS LEARNED

Shame is body-identification with a whip in its hand.

The body eats, shits, sweats, smells, wants, ages, leaks, trembles, hungers, and dies.

None of this is guilt.

It is just mammal life.

But the mind learns to look at the body through other people’s fear.

A look.
A tone.
A punishment.
A withdrawal of love.

Then the body becomes evidence.

“Something is wrong with me.”

That is the error.

Guilt may say, “I did something wrong.”

Shame says, “I am wrong.”

Mind training begins here:

Do not attack the body for being a body.

Do not worship it either.

Just stop accusing it.

The body is innocent.

It is an instrument.

It needs breath, warmth, food, washing, rest, and kindness.

Shame says, “Hide this.”

Kindness says, “Meet this.”

That is the whole turn.

#fasting #acim #acourseinmiracles #newthought #eckharttolle #buddhism #breathwork #connection #healing #pridemonth #Karma #TrueNature #Awakening #Meditation #Mindfulness #Spirituality #intermittentfasting #nonduality #reality #life #quantum #kitchen #cooking #identification #mammal #guilt #people #tone #punishment #love #error #Shame #Mind #body #wrong #worship #innocent #instrument #Kindness #canadaday

💁🏻‍♀️ TIL: 🐈🧬 A team at #Stanford identified the ancient genetic mutation that makes orange #cats orange – a tiny deletion on the X chromosome that flips a gene on in pigment #cells, blocking dark pigment and turning fur orange.

The mechanism is unlike anything seen in any other #mammal, which explains why about 80% of orange cats are male: the mutation is on the X chromosome. The #study traces the #mutation back to #medieval times, when calico cats appeared in 12th-century #paintings.

👉 https://www.zmescience.com/science/news-science/orange-cats-are-very-genetically-unique-indeed/

#genetics #science #biology #dna #animals #research #felines

“Butterfly Landing” — a whimsical reminder that magic shows up in the smallest moments. https://1-lisas-baker.pixels.com/featured/butterfly-landing-lisa-s-baker.html

#art #dogart #butterfly #whimsical #animalart #mastodonart #artshare #lisabaker #lisasbaker #arte #artwork #wallart #homedecor #artforhome #artforsale #buyintoart #artprints #canvasprints #dog #dogs #pup #doglovers #insect #cuteanimals #mastoart #fediart #fediverse #fedigiftshop #puzzles #artforkids #mammal #painting #whimsical

Bestial Human Weasel
Hand drawn Ink art by William McAusland, writing by Colin Chapman

Bloodthirsty and insatiable, bestial human weasels and stoats are swift carnivores with a reputation for viciousness out of all proportion to their size. They act with blinding speed (+2 initiative), and can divide their bite and two rear-claw attacks up to make three separate strike attempts on three separate foes (SV +10/ DMG 1d8+1 each) or combine all into a single flurry against one victim (SV +20/ DMG 3d8+4).
Stoat- and weasel-men are stealthy hunters (add 1d3+2 in the stealth skill), and their fur turns white in winter, a time when they can also endure twice the cold a human can, even without winter clothing.

Watch a video intro of this new book at RPG Overviews on Youtube:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmR1zStcU38

#weasel #weaselman #predator #carnivore #beast #bestial #manimal #RPG #ttrpg #mammal #bestialhuman #characters #noaiart #mutantepoch #apocalyptic #expansionrules #postapocalyptic #themutantepoch #outlandsystem

Bestial Human Squirrel
Hand drawn Ink art by William McAusland, writing by Blood Axe and W. McAusland
These agile tree rodents are excellent climbers and do so at their normal speed (add 1d3+2 points to their climbing skill) and are quite alert (+3 initiative). Their fur helps protect them from the elements so they can withstand cold weather twice as well as a human. They prefer fruit, nuts, seeds and berries, but are omnivores and will eat meat in a pinch — although few people realize this.

New to the Mutant Epoch RPG?

Grab the free quick Start rules PDF and the included Adventure, ‘Muddy Mayhem’: https://www.outlandarts.com/qsr.htm

#squirrel #squirrelgirl #rodent #sandy #sandycheeks #beast #bestial #manimal #RPG #ttrpg #mammal #bestialhuman #characters #noaiart #wasteland #mutantepoch #apocalyptic #expansionrules #postapocalyptic #themutantepoch #outlandsystem #outlandarts #mutants #mutant #epoch#apocalyptic #fallout like #gammaworld
 #humanoidanimal #roleplayinggame #indiegame #charcterdesign

Bestial Human Skunk
Hand drawn Ink art by William McAusland, writing by Blood Axe
Bestial skunks are quite distinctive with their white stripe and luxurious, cold resistant fur coats and well-known ability to spray a streamer of stench. They are not welcome in human settlements unless disguised, already a trusted resident, arriving with more normal looking humans, or the gate guards are offered a hefty bribe (30+3d6sp). Likewise, a skunk-man will not be allowed into an eatery or saloon in an unfamiliar community and must take its food outside.

You can play these bestial human critters using the new rule book.
https://www.outlandarts.com/expansionrules.htm

#skunk #skunkgirl #pepelepew #stinky #smelly #beast #bestial #manimal #RPG #ttrpg #mammal #bestialhuman #characters #noaiart #wasteland #mutantepoch #apocalyptic #expansionrules #postapocalyptic #themutantepoch #outlandsystem #outlandarts #mutants #mutant #epoch #inkartist #apocalyptic #fallout like #gammaworld
 #humanoidanimal #roleplayinggame #indiegame #smell

Bestial Human Shrew
Hand drawn Ink art by William McAusland, writing by Colin Chapman
Although small and rodentine in appearance, bestial human shrews are actually fierce, voracious and hyperactive omnivores armed with a mouthful of sharp teeth, poisonous saliva (Type A, paralysis), and a decided preference for meat.

Watch a video intro of this new book at RPG Overviews on Youtube:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NmR1zStcU38

#shrew #shrewman #mammal #rodent #beast #bestial #manimal #RPG #ttrpg #bestialhuman #characters #noaiart #williammcausland #wasteland #mutantepoch #apocalyptic #expansionrules #postapocalyptic #themutantepoch #outlandsystem #outlandarts #mutants #mutant #epoch #inkartist #Kamloopsartist #apocalyptic #fallout like #gammaworld
 #humanoidanimal #roleplayinggame #indiegame #tiny

#handsoff2025 Protest today!!!!! Join up with others to say #HandsOff our democracy and fight for your freedom!!!! Find Your LOCAL PROTEST HERE; https://www.mobilize.us/handsoff/

#UnplugTrump #PuckFutin #democracy #freedom #freespeech #life_liberty_happiness #betheblizzard #theavalancheofjustice #capitalism #CapitalismIsADeathCult #CapitalismKills #SurveillanceCapitalism #deforestation #DrillBabyDrill #deforestation #DefundDeforestation #DefundExtinction #progressive #TransRights #FreeSpeechTv #america #americans #americana #defiance #truth #TruthToPower #truth2power #protest #protests #theflagisforthepeople #eagle #pollution #corporations #corporations_are_not_your_friends #NoisePollution #ClimatePollution #thereisnoplanetb #fiftyfiftyone #VoteWithYourWallet #boycott #boycottusa #UnplugTrump #ElonMusk #elonmuskisanazi #gofuck_elonmusk #PutinIsAWarCriminal #PutinWarCriminal #putin #enviroment #enviromental #TheEnviromentExcuse #FreeMedicareForAll #peace #PeaceNow #PeaceTalks #PeaceLink #PrayForUkraine #fascism #NoFascism #fascismo #fascisme #Ukraine #UkraineWar #UkraineRussiaWar #_ukraine #Russia #russian #russiaToday #climate #ClimateCrisis #ClimateAction #ClimateChange #greed #CapitalistGreed #PharmaGreed #FearandGreedIndex #bigpharma #peaceonearth #tariffs #tarrif #Tariff #slavery #minimumwage #minimumwageraiseplz #Aristocrat #RunawayAristocrat #aristocrat #HumanRights #HumanRightsDay #media4humanrights #portugal4humanrights #usa #usa2025 #ușa #northcarolina #northcarolina1stcongressionaldistrict #northcarolina8thdistrict #northcarolina1st #DonaldTrump #UkraineIsOurFriend #trump #trumptariffs #newyork #rejectproject2025 #project2025 #project_2025 #project2025cansuckit #2025project #2025reads #election2025 #revision2025 #eatthe1percent #EatTheRich #EatTheRichs #eatREADsleep #bird #BirdPhotography #BirdWatching #birding #wildlife #nature #NaturePhotography #NatureLovers #NatureArtist #WildlifePhotography #WildlifeWednesday #WildlifeMurals #mouse #reptiles #MarineReptiles #SquamateReptiles #reptile #ReptileWorld #ReptileLovers #ReptileDatabase #boycott #Boycott4Wildlife #boycott4widlife #BoycottGold4Yanomami #boycott4palestine #ChildLabor #freespeech #freespeech4all #freespeech2 #tree #trees #tree_magic #TreeTime #déforestation #DefundDeforestation #amphibians #amphibian #AmphibiansOfInstagram #instagram #_instagram #facebook #FacebookFeed #FacebookFeed #twitter #TwitterMigration #twitter2 #Hippie #beachHippie #beach #BeachTown #BeachTravel #BeachCamping #google #degoogle #GooglePixel #GooglePlay #GoogleGo #yahoo #exclude_applenews_and_yahoo #degoogling #degooglenow #diversity #BioDiversity #DiversityEquityInclusion #DiversityMatters #censorship #Queer #QueerRights #QueerInkSquad #QueerWriters #NeuroDivergent #NeurodivergentWellbeing #NeurodivergentMood #NeurodivergentThinking #autism #AutismSpectrumDisorder #AutismPride #neurospicy #neurotypical #disabled #DisabledArtist #DisabledMastodon #lgbtq #lgbtqia #LGBTQIA2S #lgbtq_plus #lgbtqAlly #StraightAlly #lgbtqia2 #lgbtqia2a #straight #gardener #GardenJoy #forest #ForestTrails #ForestWhitaker #forest_deepness #forest #foresttherapy #therapy #leaf #leafLitter #sexuality #gender #GenderEquality #GenderPayGap #GenderVerbot #dirt #cloudflare #FascistGOP #gop #native #NativeAmerican #NativeAmericans #NativeBirds #insectpopulationdecline #insect #insects #InsectID #bug #bug2038 #black #peopleofcolor #eatlocal #macdonalds #camp #camping #ElderAbuse #elder #old #OldBuildings #conservation #OceanConservation #science #ScienceMastodon #OpenScience #OpenSource #mastodon #mastodonsocial #MastodonTips #lake #LakeErie #LakeCity #river #HudsonRiver #RiverSoul #river_plate #prairie #PrairieLife #pinetree #oldgrowthtree #ocean #OceanBeach #OceanHealth #flowers #WildFlowers #DailyFlowers #sky #SkyTonight #skype #discord #FuckDiscord #DiscordServer #DisneyboundingDiscord #ubuntu #UbuntuLinux #linux #linuxmint #linux_gaming #linuxgaming #GreenwashingKills #GreenWashing #furry #FurryArtist #furryart #furryfandom #totoabafish #VaquitaCPR #vaquita #fish #fishing #FishArt #FishCrow #MarineMammal #NativeMammal #mammal #StopPrimateShipments #primate #animalrights #NaturesRights #transrightsarehumanrights #TransRightsAreHumanRights #transrightsreadathon #transrights #lesbian #LesbianVisibilityWeek #LesbianArt #SydneyGayandLesbianMardiGras #gay #gayMAN #GayPride #GayMastodon #intersex #IntersexRights #IntersexAwareness #TransAndIntersexPrideDublin #asexual #AsexualPride #pride #asexuality #BoycottExxon #verizon

For absolutely no reason at all here are four squirrel pics from my archives: arctic ground squirrel, variegated squirrel, California ground squirrel, and eastern gray squirrel. #squirrel #sciuridae #rodent #mammal #nature #photography

Just in the right moment. This was from a tour with our farmers where they explained their work. Leica M2, 35mm Summilux, Kodak Tri-x #countrylife #cow #tongue #fun #farmerlife #leicam2 #summilux35 #kodakfilm #kodaktrix #analog #analogphotography #filmisnotdead #Monochrome #Cattle #Mammal #Farm #DomesticAnimals

This weeks #Lego #Marine #Mammal of the week will be the #Basilosaurus

Each build come with a fact sheet, and parts list.
#Dinosauroftheweek
#Reptileoftheweek
#Qucikbuild
#LegoMOC
#MOCMonday
#Dinosaur

Want to build this little critter? Well here's the instructions - https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1F13VWLrS5-F22zWJ7AGck536CdKYBV2Z?usp=sharing

This weeks #Lego #Extinct #Mammal of the week will be the #Mammut

Each build come with a fact sheet, and parts list.
#Dinosauroftheweek
#Reptileoftheweek
#Qucikbuild
#LegoMOC
#MOCMonday
#Dinosaur

Want to build this little critter? Well here's the instructions - https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1F13VWLrS5-F22zWJ7AGck536CdKYBV2Z?usp=sharing

Namaste I see the universe inside of you that also resides in me I see the beauty of the universe within us both - a girl and a wolf. https://pixels.com/featured/namaste-i-see-the-universe-inside-of-you-that-also-resides-in-me-olena-art.html
Siberian Wolf A fascinating species, the Siberian Wolf lives in an extreme environment. Several species live in the taiga, a vast forest that covers most of Siberia.
#people, #animal #wildlife, #russia, #russianethnicity, #animal, #eastslavs, #females, #graywolf, #mammal, #moscow -#russia,#outdoors,#siberianwolf

Finished putting the #mammal boxes in the #zooarch collection into modern #taxonomic order today! I do still need to do one final pass-through to filter in some stragglers and new specimens, but then it's on to #birds!

#museum #taxonomy #zoology

Stampede Power of the Wildebeest reflected in the water
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💦 Serengeti | Tanzania
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#animals_in_world #wildafrica #nature_brilliance #bigfive #animals_illife #exclusive_shots #wildebeests #animalportraits #earthcapture #safarigram #capturethewild #natgeoadventure #serengetifauna #africansafaris #natureofafrica #bbcearth #bownaankamal #wildlife_through_lens_ #wildestafrica #nationalpark #mammal #wildanimals #africanwildlifephotography #bbcwildlife #safaricamp #nikonD850

I watched this furry, bushy tailed Grey Squirrel for some time on a snowy #winter day in #Guelph #Ontario Canada. The squirrel moved from branch to branch eating the white berries one by one off the stem.
See it here https://debbie-oppermann.pixels.com/featured/good-eating-debbie-oppermann.html
#Squirrel #animal #mammal #wildlife #AnimalLover #WildlifePhotography #nature #AYearForArt #ArtMatters #GreySquirrel #TreeSquirrel #PhotographyIsArt #artwork #NatureLover

Only the males Bohor reedbuck possess horns which measure about 25–35 cm (9.8–13.8 in) long.
🦌 Nairobi, Kenya
#bohorreedbuck #safarilife #wildlife #throughyourlens #animalelite #wildernesssafaris #africa #africasafari #conservation #animals #animalportraits #nature_good #lovelyanimals #african_trails #nature_perfection #africansafari #wildlife_seekers #wildlife_through_lens_ #featured_wildlife #wildafrica #animalportrait #mammal #natgeowild #faunaofafrica #animals_captures

Meet Chimbu, the blue-eyed, bear-eared tree kangaroo

Tree kangaroos are so unusual that when Europeans first encountered them in Australia in 1872, back on the continent they were sceptical if they were real! Who would believe a #kangaroo could climb a tree?

The Goodfellow’s tree kangaroo is an endangered species of the genus dendrolagus living in the Central Cordillera mountain ranges of Papua New Guinea. Help them to survive every time you shop and be #Vegan #BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4wildlife

The Goodfellow’s tree #kangaroo 🦘🤎 is an #endangered macropod of #PapuaNewGuinea 🇵🇬 Threats include #palmoil and #mining #deforestation #Boycottpalmoil 🌴🪔☠️🚜🧐🙊⛔️#Boycott4Wildlife @palmoildetect https://palmoildetectives.com/2021/11/03/meet-chimbu-the-blue-eyed-bear-eared-tree-kangaroo/

https://youtu.be/RTpG0h3CmKo

A climbing kangaroo? That’s roo-diculous!

Europeans in New Guinea first described tree kangaroos in 1828. While there have been plenty of disagreements about who is related to whom, we now know there are 14 distinct species.

Early explorers considered the very idea of a climbing roo ridiculous, but these animals are specially adapted to life in the trees. They likely all evolved from a terrestrial ancestor earlier in the Pliocene, 5.3 million to 2.5 million years ago.

Tree kangaroos have much longer forelimbs than their ground-dwelling cousins and their claws are much larger and strongly curved. This provides much stronger grip when climbing trees and gripping smaller branches.

They still have large strong hind limbs, but their feet are shorter, broader and have a long curved claw on each toe.

The pad of the hindfoot is single, large and with prominent grooves, all of which enhance the animal’s grip when climbing and walking in the canopy. The tails of tree kangaroos aren’t capable of grasping things like a monkey’s, but they’re long and often held out behind the animal for balance.

But perhaps one of the most obvious differences between tree kangaroos and their terrestrial cousins is their adorably small bear-like ears.

Threatened with extinction

Two species of tree kangaroos are found in the forests of northeast Australia and 12 species in the jungles of New Guinea. All species of tree kangaroos are threatened with extinction in New Guinea, although much about these animals is unknown.

Traditionally hunted for food, hassled by dogs and threatened by the destruction of their forest habitat, the soft thud of tree roo feet among the trees is falling silent.

But conservation work in their natural habitat and through a globally managed tree kangaroo captive breeding program is helping not only the species, but the people who live alongside them.

Baby Chimbu – a new hope

Chimbu was born in Victoria, but is really an international fellow. His mother Mani came from the National Zoo and Aquarium in Canberra, and his father Bagam arriving from Kreffeld Zoo in Germany.

Mani and Bagam were paired based on the recommendation of scientists and managers who maintain a studbook of Goodfellow’s tree kangaroos around the world.

These gorgeous animals are generally chocolate brown on the back, shading to pale brown or cream on the face and belly, and often with a single or double narrow pale stripe down the back.

Their beautiful striped tails are one of their most noticeable features. And while the current population size is unknown, this tree kangaroo is thought to be declining due to hunting for food, local trading for cultural purposes, and habitat destruction through local deforestation and shifting cultivation.

Although the Goodfellow’s tree kangaroos are officially endangered, we don’t know much about them in the wild. Right now, the Wildlife Conservation Society is working out how many are in the wild and where, so scientists can develop a detailed conservation program.

Written by Marissa Parrott, Reproductive Biologist, Wildlife Conservation & Science, Zoos Victoria, and Honorary Research Associate, BioSciences, The University of Melbourne. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

Read about other endangered tree kangaroos from Papua New Guinea on Palm Oil Detectives

These animals face threats including palm oil and coffee deforestation and hunting. Never fear – there are ways you can help.

Seri’s Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus stellarum

Keep reading

Doria’s Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus dorianus

Keep reading

Lowlands Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus spadix

Keep reading

Grizzled Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus inustus

Keep reading

Huon Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus matschiei

Keep reading

Vogelkop Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus ursinus

Keep reading

Goodfellow’s Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus goodfellowi

Keep reading

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus pulcherrimus

Keep reading

Tenkile Dendrolagus scottae

Keep reading

Black Dorcopsis Dorcopsis atrata

Keep reading

How can I help the #Boycott4Wildlife?

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Wildlife Artist Juanchi Pérez

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Mel Lumby: Dedicated Devotee to Borneo’s Living Beings

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The World’s Most Loved Cup: A Social, Ethical & Environmental History of Coffee by Aviary Doert

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How do we stop the world’s ecosystems from going into a death spiral? A #SteadyState Economy

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3. Supermarket sleuthing: Next time you’re in the supermarket, take photos of products containing palm oil. Share these to social media along with the hashtags to call out the greenwashing and ecocide of the brands who use palm oil. You can also take photos of palm oil free products and congratulate brands when they go palm oil free.

https://twitter.com/CuriousApe4/status/1526136783557529600?s=20

https://twitter.com/PhillDixon1/status/1749010345555788144?s=20

https://twitter.com/mugabe139/status/1678027567977078784?s=20

4. Take to the streets: Get in touch with Palm Oil Detectives to find out more.

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#animalBehaviour #AnimalBiodiversityNews #animals #Boycott4wildlife #BoycottPalmOil #coffee #deforestation #Dendrolagus #endangered #GoodfellowSTreeKangarooDendrolagusGoodfellowi #herbivore #herbivores #kangaroo #Mammal #mammals #Marsupial #mining #palmoil #Papua #PapuaNewGuinea #PapuaNewGuineaSpeciesEndangeredByPalmOilDeforestation #PapuaNewGuinea #TreeKangaroo #treekangaroos #vegan

Tana River Mangabey Cercocebus galeritus

Tana River Mangabey Cercocebus galeritus

Red List: Critically Endangered

Location: Kenya

This species is found only along a fragmented 60 km stretch of floodplain forest near the lower Tana River in south-eastern Kenya.

The Tana River Mangabey Cercocebus galeritus is a long-faced and slender old world monkey of #Kenya listed as Critically Endangered due to ongoing habitat destruction, dam construction, logging, and the degradation of floodplain forest ecosystems. Once protected by the Tana River #Primate Reserve, these #monkeys despite being key seed dispersers in their ecosystem are now more vulnerable than ever after the legal de-gazetting of their habitat. With only around 1,000 individuals remaining, this highly social and adaptable primate faces a devastating future unless urgent action is taken. Use your wallet as a weapon to end the destruction of their home. #BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife #Vegan #BoycottMeat

Tana River Mangabeys🐒 are an icon of #Kenya 🇰🇪. These svelte, intelligent #primates are critically endangered in #Kenyan #forests due to dams, forest #fires and #agriculture. Help them and 🌴🔥🧐⛔️#Boycott4Wildlife at the supermarket @palmoildetect https://palmoildetectives.com/2021/03/29/tana-river-mangabey-cercocebus-galeritus/

Male Tana River #Mangabey #monkeys perform ‘whoop-gobble’ vocalisations at dawn. They’re critically #endangered by #agriculture #deforestation, hunting and hydroelectric #dams. Fight back for them and 🌴🔥🤮☠️🚜🧐🚫#Boycott4Wildlife @palmoildetect https://palmoildetectives.com/2021/03/29/tana-river-mangabey-cercocebus-galeritus/

Appearance and Behaviour

Tana River Mangabeys are medium-sized monkeys with long, light grey fur and cream-coloured underparts. Their forearms and hands are darker, and their dark grey face is framed by a prominent crest of fur parted down the centre. Their distinctive white eyelids contrast against their darker skin, playing a key role in their complex communication.

These monkeys are diurnal and semi-terrestrial, often seen foraging on the ground, though they sleep high in tree canopies for safety. Social groups are large and structured, with up to 36 individuals living together in mixed-sex groups. Males often perform territorial calls in the early morning, and loud “whoop-gobble” vocalisations can carry over a kilometre, helping to space out neighbouring groups. Their behaviour is deeply affected by food availability: in times of plenty, groups interact peacefully, while in lean months, they grow more territorial.

Diet

Tana River Mangabeys are primarily frugivorous monkeys but display great dietary flexibility. Around 46% of their annual diet consists of seeds, with another 25% made up of fruit. They also consume stems, young leaves, fungi, and insects. During the dry season, when food is scarce, they range further and diversify their diet.

They rely heavily on trees like Ficus sycomorus and Phoenix reclinata for food, both of which fruit at times when other resources are limited. Their powerful jaws and thick molar enamel allow them to crack tough seeds and nuts, and their shortened faces provide increased bite force—an adaptation that suits their opportunistic feeding strategy.

Reproduction and Mating

Tana River Mangabeys live in polygynous groups of monkeys, where one dominant male typically has access to multiple females. Females display conspicuous monthly estrous swellings to signal fertility, and many also exhibit post-conception swellings. These false signals may confuse males and encourage multiple males to invest in infant care, increasing the infant’s survival chances.

Gestation for these monkeys lasts around 180 days, with births most common between August and April. A single infant is born, and the mother is initially left undisturbed by the group. After two months, infants begin to explore and socialise with others. Females likely reach sexual maturity around age three and begin breeding between six and seven, while males mature slightly later.

Geographic Range

Tana River Mangabeys are endemic to Kenya, confined to around 27 forest fragments along a narrow corridor of floodplain forest near the lower Tana River. This range spans from Nkanjonja in the north to Hewani in the south, across an altitudinal range of just 20–40 metres above sea level.

Historically, this species may have had a broader distribution. However, fragmentation due to deforestation, dam construction, and agriculture has severely restricted their movement and isolated populations. Forest corridors are no longer structurally connected, although some functional connectivity remains through limited travel between fragments.

Threats

Tana River Mangabeys live in the flood-plain forest, riverine gallery forest, and the adjacent woodland and bushland of Kenya (Wieczkowski and Butynski 2013). Their abundance is highly correlated with the spatial characteristics of the forests. They are semi-terrestrial monkeys that can travel up to 1 km through non-forested habitat between forest patches (Wieczkowski 2010).

The rapid decline of Tana River Mangabeys has several causes including: Forest clearance for agriculture.

IUCN red list

• Dam construction and water diversion: The building of hydroelectric dams has altered natural flood cycles and disrupted groundwater levels vital to the mangabeys’ habitat. The upcoming High Grand Falls Dam, one of Africa’s largest, threatens to irreparably damage the ecosystem.

• Deforestation and agriculture: Large swathes of gallery forest have been cleared for farming, drastically reducing the species’ habitat. An estimated 50% of the original forest has been lost in the last 20 years.

• Palm exploitation: Phoenix reclinata, a key food tree, is overharvested by local communities for palm wine, thatching, and mats, threatening both food security and habitat structure for the mangabeys.

• Logging and wildfires: Unregulated cutting of canopy and sub-canopy trees for housing and fuelwood, alongside uncontrolled fires, further degrades the forest and isolates populations.

• Human Persecution: As natural resources diminish, some mangabeys are are seen as pests and are persecuted and hunted for raiding crops—a threat expected to grow with increasing human-wildlife conflict.

• Political instability and poor law enforcement: The de-gazetting of the Tana River Primate Reserve in 2007 removed legal protections, exacerbating habitat destruction and reducing conservation oversight.

Take Action!

The Tana River Mangabey is on the brink. If their fragmented forests are lost, so too is this charismatic and intelligent monkey. Support indigenous-led conservation and agroecology efforts in East Africa. Demand the full reinstatement of protected habitat in Kenya. Boycott palm oil and refuse to support the industries driving deforestation and dam construction in critical floodplain ecosystems. #BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife #Vegan #BoycottMeat

FAQs

Why are Tana River Mangabeys endangered?

Their biggest threats are habitat loss and fragmentation, largely due to dam construction, logging, agriculture, and palm exploitation. Political instability and poor conservation enforcement have worsened their chances of survival (Butynski & Mwangi, 1994; Wieczkowski & Butynski, 2013).

What are the predators of the Tana River Mangabey?

Natural predators include African rock pythons (Python sebae), crowned eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus), martial eagles (Polemaetus bellicosus), and Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) (Wikipedia, n.d.).

In which country are Tana River Mangabeys found?

They are found exclusively in Kenya.

What do Tana River Mangabeys eat?

Their diet includes fruits, seeds, leaves, insects, stems, and fungi. They rely heavily on species like Ficus sycomorus and Phoenix reclinata (Homewood, 1978; Maingi, 2019).

Do Tana River Mangabeys make good pets?

Tana River Mangabeys are highly social and intelligent primates. Keeping them as pets is cruel and contributes to their extinction. Trapping them destroys wild populations, causes immense suffering, and breaks apart family groups. If you care about these animals, never support the exotic pet trade—advocate for habitat protection instead.

Support the conservation of this species

This animal has no protections in place. Read about other forgotten species here. Create art to support this forgotten animal or raise awareness about them by sharing this post and using the #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife hashtags on social media. Also you can boycott palm oil in the supermarket.

Further Information

Butynski, T.M., de Jong, Y.A., Wieczkowski, J. & King, J. 2020. Cercocebus galeritus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T4200A17956330. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T4200A17956330.en. Downloaded on 26 March 2021.

Homewood, K. M. (1978). Feeding strategy of the Tana mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus galeritus) (Mammalia: Primates). Journal of Zoology, 186(3), 375–391. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1978.tb03926.x

Kimuyu, D. M., Wahungu, G. M., & Otieno, D. O. (2012). Seed dispersal by Tana River mangabeys in fragmented gallery forests. Open Journal of Ecology, 2(1), 6–11. https://doi.org/10.4236/oje.2012.21002

Maingi, C. K. (2019). Forest fragmentation and anthropogenic disturbance: Implications on plant foods and behaviour of the Tana River mangabey. University of Nairobi. http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/handle/11295/107320

Maingi, C. K., Githaiga, J. M., Kanya, J. I., & Kivai, S. M. (2020). Anthropogenic activities and influence on behaviour of the Tana River mangabey (Cercocebus galeritus) in two forest fragments in Lower Tana River, Kenya. African Primates, 14(1), 1–16. Retrieved from https://static1.1.sqspcdn.com/static/f/1200343/28385233/1608487219480/AP+Vol+14+-+Maingi+et+al.pdf

Wieczkowski, J. (2010). Tana River mangabey use of nonforest areas: Functional connectivity in a fragmented landscape in Kenya. Biotropica, 42(5), 598–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2010.00627.x

Wikipedia. (n.d.). Tana River Mangabey. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tana_River_mangabey

Tana River Mangabey Cercocebus galeritus

How can I help the #Boycott4Wildlife?

Take Action in Five Ways

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The World’s Most Loved Cup: A Social, Ethical & Environmental History of Coffee by Aviary Doert

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How do we stop the world’s ecosystems from going into a death spiral? A #SteadyState Economy

Read more

3. Supermarket sleuthing: Next time you’re in the supermarket, take photos of products containing palm oil. Share these to social media along with the hashtags to call out the greenwashing and ecocide of the brands who use palm oil. You can also take photos of palm oil free products and congratulate brands when they go palm oil free.

https://twitter.com/CuriousApe4/status/1526136783557529600?s=20

https://twitter.com/PhillDixon1/status/1749010345555788144?s=20

https://twitter.com/mugabe139/status/1678027567977078784?s=20

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#Africa #Agriculture #Boycott4wildlife #BoycottMeat #BoycottPalmOil #CriticallyEndangeredSpecies #dams #deforestation #endangered #fire #fires #forests #ForgottenAnimals #humanWildlifeConflict #hunting #hydroelectric #Kenya #Kenyan #Mammal #Mangabey #mangroves #monkey #monkeys #PalmOil #Primate #primates #SeedDispersers #TanaRiverMangabeyCercocebusGaleritus #vegan #wildfires

Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock tianxing

Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock tianxing

Location: Eastern Myanmar and southwestern China, particularly the Gaoligong Mountains

IUCN Status: Endangered

High in the treetops of Myanmar and China’s remote montane forests, the Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon swings effortlessly through the canopy, moving with near-weightless grace. These rare, tree-dwelling primates were only officially described in 2017, making them one of the most recently discovered gibbon species. With fewer than 150 individuals confirmed in the wild, they are now among the world’s most endangered gibbons, clinging to existence in increasingly fragmented forests.

Despite their elusive nature, their presence is unmistakable—their piercing songs echo at dawn, carrying for over a kilometre through the jungle. But in many places, these songs have fallen silent, drowned out by the sounds of logging, mining, and hunting. Their delicate grip on survival is under immense pressure from habitat destruction, poaching, and the relentless expansion of agriculture. Help them by campaigning for their survival #Boycott4Wildlife.

https://youtu.be/HRn4fTaJgiU

High in #China 🇨🇳 and #Myanmar’s 🇲🇲 trees live melodic long-limbed bards of the jungle. Skywalker Hoolock #Gibbons 🙉🐵🐒 got their name from #StarWars 🛸🌌 but Skywalker also translates to ‘Heaven’s Movement’ in Chinese. Help them and #Boycott4Wildlife https://palmoildetectives.com/2021/02/06/skywalker-hoolock-gibbon-hoolock-tianxing/

Just a few dozen beautiful and elegant Skywalker #Gibbons 🐵🐒remain alive in the vulnerable forests of #Myanmar 🇲🇲and southern #China 🇨🇳 Threats include cardamom #deforestation 🥜🔥 #poaching and #climatechange. Help them survive #Boycott4Wildlife https://palmoildetectives.com/2021/02/06/skywalker-hoolock-gibbon-hoolock-tianxing/

Appearance and Behaviour

Skywalker Hoolock Gibbons are strikingly beautiful primates, with graceful, elongated limbs and expressive, intelligent eyes. Their fur varies from black to dark brown, with a large beard that can be either black or brown, unlike their closest relatives, the Eastern hoolock gibbon (Hoolock leuconedys), which have white beards. One of their most distinctive features is their white eyebrows, which are thinner and more widely spaced than those of other hoolock gibbons.

Males and females are sexually dimorphic. Males have dark brown fur with a slight brownish overlay, while females are yellowish or reddish-blonde, with incomplete white facial rings. Younger gibbons lack the white fur under their eyes and chin, making them easier to distinguish.

These gibbons are arboreal specialists, spending their entire lives in the trees. They travel through the forest canopy using brachiation, swinging between branches with their long arms at breathtaking speed. On the ground, they are awkward and vulnerable, avoiding descent unless absolutely necessary.

Skywalker hoolock gibbons are highly social and monogamous, forming lifelong pairs. Their strong bonds are reinforced through duet calls—long, melodious songs that mated pairs perform together at dawn. These calls serve as territorial markers and as a way to maintain their connection. However, in some areas, researchers have observed gibbons going silent for weeks after hearing gunfire, an eerie reminder of the threats they face.

Geographic Range

Skywalker Hoolock Gibbons are found in the dense montane forests of eastern Myanmar and southwestern China, particularly in the Gaoligong Mountains. Initially, scientists believed their population was limited to small, fragmented groups in China. However, a groundbreaking study in 2024 confirmed that Myanmar is home to the largest known population of these elusive primates.

Using a combination of acoustic monitoring and DNA analysis, researchers were able to identify 44 previously unknown Skywalker gibbon groups in Myanmar. This discovery significantly expands their known range and offers new hope for their conservation.

Despite this positive news, over 90% of their range remains unprotected, leaving them highly vulnerable to habitat destruction. In Myanmar, their forest home is shrinking due to illegal logging, mining, and agricultural expansion, forcing them into smaller and more isolated populations.

Diet

Skywalker Hoolock Gibbons are primarily frugivorous, meaning that fruit makes up the majority of their diet (around 49%). However, when fruit is scarce, they also consume leaves, buds, flowers, and even small invertebrates or bird chicks. Their diet shifts with the seasons, with ripe fruit being the most sought-after food source.

They play a crucial role in their ecosystem as seed dispersers, ensuring the health and regeneration of the forests they inhabit. Without them, the delicate balance of their habitat would begin to unravel.

Reproduction and Mating

Mating among Skywalker hoolock gibbons is a complex social ritual. Females initiate courtship, presenting themselves to males, who respond by approaching them in an elaborate display of mutual trust. Once bonded, these pairs remain together for life, raising one offspring at a time.

The gestation period lasts around 7 months, after which a single helpless, pink-skinned infant is born. The mother provides constant care and protection, carrying the baby clinging to her fur for the first several months of life. Juveniles remain dependent on their parents for up to 8 years before reaching sexual maturity.

Due to their slow reproductive rate, any decline in population is devastating. If adult gibbons are killed, the loss is felt for generations, pushing their already fragile numbers closer to extinction.

Threats

Skywalker Hoolock Gibbons face a critical battle for survival, with their population declining due to multiple human-driven threats.

In Myanmar, the Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon remains threatened by habitat loss due largely to slash-and-burn agriculture, gold mining and logging, and secondarily by hunting for food and medicinal purposes (Ni et al. 2018). Unfortunately, the species is not known to occur in any protected areas in this country.

IUCN Red List

Habitat Destruction and Deforestation

• Myanmar and China’s forests are rapidly disappearing due to commercial logging, mining, and slash-and-burn agriculture.

• Over 90% of their range remains unprotected, making them highly vulnerable to deforestation.

• In Myanmar, forest loss has accelerated since 2000, with up to 9% of their habitat disappearing in key areas.

As trees fall, gibbons lose their homes, their food sources, and their ability to move safely through the forest canopy.

Agricultural Expansion and Cardamom Plantations

• Large swathes of forest are being cleared for cardamom plantations, particularly in China.

• While some gibbons have adapted to agroforestry environments, heavy fragmentation of these habitats isolates populations, preventing gene flow and increasing the risk of inbreeding.

Hunting and the Illegal Wildlife Trade

• In Myanmar, hoolock gibbons are hunted for food and traditional Chinese medicine, with the false belief that consuming their brains can cure epilepsy.

• They are poached for the illegal pet trade, with babies being torn from their mothers, who are often killed in the process.

• Even when not actively hunted, gibbons are often shot by miners and loggers as they are seen as “noisy disturbances.”

Climate Change and Habitat Fragmentation

• Warming temperatures and unpredictable weather patterns due to climate change are altering the availability of food sources, forcing gibbons into competition with one another.

• Fragmentation of forests forces gibbons to travel across open ground, making them highly vulnerable to predators and human threats.

FAQS

How many Skywalker hoolock gibbons are left?

Fewer than 150 individuals have been confirmed in the wild. However, new research suggests their numbers may be slightly higher in Myanmar, though they remain endangered.

Where do Skywalker hoolock gibbons live?

They are found in eastern Myanmar and southwestern China, particularly in the Gaoligong Mountains and areas between the Salween and Irrawaddy Rivers.

What do Skywalker hoolock gibbons eat?

Their diet is primarily fruit, but they also consume leaves, buds, flowers, insects, and bird chicks when plant sources are limited.

How do Skywalker hoolock gibbons communicate?

They perform loud, melodic duet songs at dawn, which serve to mark territory and strengthen bonds between mated pairs.

Why are they called ‘Skywalker’ hoolock gibbons?

They were named by researchers who are Star Wars fans, inspired by their graceful movement through the treetops and the Chinese translation of their name, which means ‘heaven’s movement’.

Are Skywalker hoolock gibbons endangered?

Yes, they are listed as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. Their population is small and highly fragmented, with habitat loss being the greatest threat to their survival.

Can Skywalker hoolock gibbons be kept as pets?

No. Keeping a gibbon as a pet is illegal, immoral and cruel. Many gibbons in the pet trade are illegally captured from the wild, often involving the killing of their family members.

Take Action

Skywalker Hoolock Gibbons are on the brink of extinction, but you can help ensure their survival. The biggest threats to these rare primates come from deforestation, illegal hunting, and the expansion of agriculture such as cardamom plantations. Protecting them means taking action against habitat destruction and the wildlife trade.

• Boycott palm oil, cardamom, and other crops linked to deforestation. The destruction of their habitat is directly linked to agriculture and logging. Every time you shop, choose products that are 100% palm oil-free to avoid contributing to deforestation and biodiversity loss.

• Support Indigenous-led conservation efforts. More than 90% of their habitat is unprotected. Local indigenous communities play a crucial role in protecting their forests from destruction. Donate to or amplify the work of organisations that empower Indigenous and local communities to safeguard forests.

• Demand stronger wildlife protection laws. Gibbons are hunted for food and traditional medicine, and the illegal pet trade remains a major threat. Contact policymakers and demand harsher penalties for those who exploit endangered species.

• Spread awareness. Many people have never heard of the Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon or the threats they face. Share their story on social media using #BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife #Vegan and encourage others to take action.

Without urgent intervention, these rare gibbons could be lost forever. Every action counts—speak up, make ethical choices, and help protect their rainforest home before it’s too late.

Further Information

Cowan, C. (2024). Skywalker gibbons confirmed in Myanmar for the first time. Mongabay. https://news.mongabay.com/2024/02/skywalker-gibbons-confirmed-in-myanmar-for-the-first-time/

Fan, P.F., Turvey, S.T. & Bryant, J.V. 2020. Hoolock tianxing (amended version of 2019 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T118355648A166597159. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T118355648A166597159.en. Downloaded on 06 February 2021.

Wikipedia Contributors. (n.d.). Skywalker hoolock gibbon. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skywalker_hoolock_gibbon

How to easily identify gibbons by Noah RNS Shepherd

Support the conservation of this species

This animal has no protections in place. Read about other forgotten species here. Create art to support this forgotten animal or raise awareness about them by sharing this post and using the #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife hashtags on social media. Also you can boycott palm oil in the supermarket.

Skywalker Hoolock Gibbon Hoolock tianxing

How can I help the #Boycott4Wildlife?

Take Action in Five Ways

1. Join the #Boycott4Wildlife on social media and subscribe to stay in the loop: Share posts from this website to your own network on Twitter, Mastadon, Instagram, Facebook and Youtube using the hashtags #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife.

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Read more

3. Supermarket sleuthing: Next time you’re in the supermarket, take photos of products containing palm oil. Share these to social media along with the hashtags to call out the greenwashing and ecocide of the brands who use palm oil. You can also take photos of palm oil free products and congratulate brands when they go palm oil free.

https://twitter.com/CuriousApe4/status/1526136783557529600?s=20

https://twitter.com/PhillDixon1/status/1749010345555788144?s=20

https://twitter.com/mugabe139/status/1678027567977078784?s=20

4. Take to the streets: Get in touch with Palm Oil Detectives to find out more.

5. Donate: Make a one-off or monthly donation to Palm Oil Detectives as a way of saying thank you and to help pay for ongoing running costs of the website and social media campaigns. Donate here

#Boycott4wildlife #BoycottPalmOil #China #ChineseMedicine #climatechange #deforestation #EasternHoolockGibbonHoolockLeuconedys #EndangeredSpecies #ForgottenAnimals #Gibbon #Gibbons #hunting #illegalPetTrade #Mammal #Mentawi #Myanmar #palmoil #poaching #Primate #SkywalkerHoolockGibbonHoolockTianxing #StarWars #vegan #WesternHoolockGibbonHoolockHoolock

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus pulcherrimus

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus pulcherrimus

Red List Status: Critically Endangered

Location: Papua New Guinea (Torricelli Range), West Papua (Foja Mountains)

In the misty cloud forests of New Guinea’s mountains, where ancient trees emerge from perpetual fog and birdsong echoes through emerald canopies, Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos move with quiet grace through their vanishing world.

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos are one of the world’s rarest marsupials. Rarely glimpsed in the wild, their distinctive chestnut coats are adorned with golden stripes. These remarkable climbing kangaroos have suffered a catastrophic 90% population decline over three generations, leaving fewer than 500 individuals clinging on for survival in two remote mountain ranges. Palm oil expansion strips away their ancient forest homes while hunting pressure decimates remaining populations. The Tenkile Conservation Alliance protects the Torricelli population through community-based conservation, offering hope for recovery. #BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife

Golden-mantled Tree #Kangaroos 🦘🤎 are critically endangered #marsupials of #PapuaNewGuinea 🇵🇬 They’re on the edge of #extinction from #palmoil #deforestation and #hunting. Resist for them and #Boycottpalmoil 🌴☠️🤮🙊⛔️ #Boycott4Wildlife @palmoildetect https://palmoildetectives.com/2021/01/26/golden-mantled-tree-kangaroo-dendrolagus-pulcherrimus/

Appearance and behaviour

The lowland areas of their distribution are earmarked for deforestation and oil palm expansion.

IUCN Red List

These resilient Tree Kangaroos display the physiological adaptations of arboreal marsupials with chestnut-brown coats, pale bellies, and distinctive double golden stripes running down their backs. Their yellowish necks, cheeks, and feet create a striking contrast against their darker fur, while their powerful tails marked with pale rings provide essential balance during canopy travel. These compact marsupials measure 40-77 centimetres in body length with tails reaching 40-87 centimetres.

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos possess powerful forelimbs and curved claws perfectly adapted for gripping bark and branches. Their shorter hind legs allow independent movement essential for navigating complex three-dimensional forest environments. Unlike ground kangaroos, these arboreal specialists can move both forwards and backwards along branches, using their long tails as fifth limbs for stability and balance.

Diet

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos are primarily folivorous, feeding on leaves from dozens of plant species found throughout their montane forest habitat. They supplement their diet with seasonal fruits, herbs, and sedges, spending considerable time foraging both in trees and on the forest floor. These selective feeders prefer young leaves and shoots from specific plant species, making them vulnerable when preferred food sources disappear.

Their feeding behaviour includes both arboreal and terrestrial foraging, with Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos descending to ground level to access fallen fruits and herbs. This dietary flexibility has allowed them to persist in their restricted mountain habitats, though their dependence on specific plant species makes them particularly vulnerable to habitat conversion and fragmentation.

Reproduction and mating

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos reach sexual maturity at approximately two years of age with no defined breeding season. Females have an oestrous cycle estimated at 54 days with a gestation period of about 45 days. Once born, the tiny joey remains in the mother’s pouch for 10 months before emerging to spend another 2-3 months at foot, learning essential climbing and foraging skills.

These marsupials live relatively long lives, with captive individuals surviving over 14 years, suggesting wild Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos could live 8-10 years under optimal conditions. Their extended dependency period reflects the complex skills required for arboreal survival, with mothers teaching joeys essential climbing techniques and food recognition during their extended care period.

Geographic Range

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos now survive in only two isolated mountain ranges across New Guinea. The Torricelli Range population in Papua New Guinea extends from Weight to Kuliek, while a smaller population persists in West Papua’s Foja Mountains. Fossil records indicate they once ranged across the Vogelkop Peninsula and other areas, but have been extirpated from 99% of their historical range.

Unconfirmed sightings from Papua New Guinea’s Prince Alexander Range suggest possible remnant populations, though these require verification. Their extremely restricted range of just 300 square kilometres makes Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos particularly vulnerable to local extinctions from habitat loss, hunting, or natural disasters.

Threats

Industrial palm oil deforestation

Palm oil companies systematically bulldoze and burn Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroo habitat across West Papua, replacing mid-montane rainforests with lifeless monocultures. Korean company Korindo has destroyed 11,700 hectares of pristine rainforest in recent years, eliminating the complex canopy structure these arboreal marsupials require for survival. The company burns forests illegally, knowing this practice destroys critical habitat for tree kangaroos, birds of paradise, and cassowaries. Palm oil expansion has eliminated lowland portions of their range entirely, forcing Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos into higher elevation refuges. Plantation development fragments the continuous forest cover essential for these territorial animals, creating isolated patches too small to support viable populations.

Hunting for bushmeat

Local communities hunt Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos for subsistence protein, targeting them with guns during opportunistic forest expeditions. Hunting pressure intensifies near human settlements where access improves through road development and infrastructure expansion. The species’ small group sizes and territorial nature make them particularly vulnerable to hunting pressure, with entire local populations eliminated through intensive harvesting.

Infrastructure and road projects

Road construction opens previously inaccessible mountain areas to human exploitation, bringing hunting pressure and habitat disturbance into formerly secure territories. Small-scale agriculture eliminates forest understory vegetation while creating edge effects that degrade remaining habitat quality. The conversion of traditional forest management systems to intensive agriculture removes the ecological balance that historically supported both human communities and wildlife populations.

Take Action!

Use your wallet as a weapon and #BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife every time you shop. Adopt a vegan lifestyle protecting both wild and farmed animals from agricultural expansion. Support the Tenkile Conservation Alliance’s community-based protection programmes recognising indigenous land rights. Refuse products containing palm oil, as this is driving Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos towards extinction. #BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife #Vegan

FAQs

How do Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos climb trees?

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos have powerful forelimbs with curved claws that grip bark securely, while their shorter hind legs allow independent movement essential for navigating branches. They possess strong grips on their paws and foot soles providing non-slip traction when climbing. Their long tails act as fifth limbs, pressing against tree trunks for balance and stability during movement.

What do Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos eat?

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos are primarily herbivorous, feeding on leaves from 91 known plant species, seasonal fruits, herbs, and sedges found in their montane forest habitat. They spend considerable time foraging both in trees and on the forest floor, preferring young leaves and shoots from specific plant species. Some sources suggest they occasionally consume young birds and bird eggs, though their diet consists predominantly of plant matter. Their selective feeding habits make them vulnerable when preferred food sources disappear due to habitat conversion or climate change.

How long do Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos live?

In the wild, they typically live approximately 8-10 years, though current threats including hunting and habitat destruction may be reducing average lifespans. Captive individuals have survived over 14 years, suggesting they have potential for longer lifespans when protected from human pressures. Their generation length is approximately 10 years, indicating they reach reproductive maturity relatively late compared to smaller marsupials.

How big are Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos?

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos measure 40-77 centimetres in body length with tails reaching 40-87 centimetres, making them substantially smaller than ground kangaroos. They weigh approximately 15.5 kilograms, a relatively light build essential for their arboreal lifestyle where they must be supported by tree branches. Both males and females are similar in size, showing less sexual dimorphism than many other kangaroo species.

Why are Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos endangered?

Tragically, these tree kangaroos have experienced a catastrophic 90% population decline over three generations due to palm oil deforestation and hunting pressure. Palm oil companies have destroyed 99% of their historical habitat, replacing mid-montane rainforests with monoculture plantations offering no food or shelter. Hunting for bushmeat provides essential protein for local communities but removes breeding individuals from critically small populations. Their extremely restricted range of just 300 square kilometres makes them vulnerable to local extinctions, while habitat fragmentation prevents genetic exchange between isolated populations.

Can Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos jump?

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroos are capable jumpers, able to leap distances of up to 9 metres between trees and drop up to 18 metres to the forest floor without injury. They can climb heights equivalent to a 10-storey building, using their powerful hind legs and long tails for balance during aerial manoeuvres. Their jumping ability allows them to navigate between the treetops without descending to the dangerous ground level where predators pose greater threats. Their remarkable leaping capacity is essential for accessing food sources and escaping danger in their three-dimensional forest environment.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5WAiBl_b2cE

Further Information

Eldridge, M. D. B., Potter, S., Helgen, K. M., Sinaga, M. H., Aplin, K. P., Flannery, T. F., & Johnson, R. N. (2018). Phylogenetic analysis of the tree-kangaroos (Dendrolagus) reveals multiple divergent lineages within New Guinea. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 127, 589-599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2018.05.030

Flannery, T. F. (1993). Taxonomy of Dendrolagus goodfellowi with description of a new subspecies. Records of the Australian Museum, 45(1), 33-42.

Leary, T., Wright, D., Hamilton, S., Helgen, K., Singadan, R., Aplin, K., … & Seri, L. (2016). Dendrolagus pulcherrimus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T136696A21957219.

Porolak, G., Dabek, L., & Krockenberger, A. K. (2014). Ranging behaviour of tree kangaroos in upper montane forest. PLoS ONE, 9(4), e91870.

Leary, T., Wright, D., Hamilton, S., Helgen, K., Singadan, R., Aplin, K., Dickman, C., Salas, L., Flannery, T., Martin, R. & Seri, L. 2016. Dendrolagus pulcherrimus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T136696A21957219. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T136696A21957219.en. Downloaded on 26 January 2021.

You can support the conservation of this animal:

Tenkile Conservation Alliance

Golden-mantled Tree Kangaroo Dendrolagus pulcherrimus

How can I help the #Boycott4Wildlife?

Take Action in Five Ways

1. Join the #Boycott4Wildlife on social media and subscribe to stay in the loop: Share posts from this website to your own network on Twitter, Mastadon, Instagram, Facebook and Youtube using the hashtags #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife.

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2. Contribute stories: Academics, conservationists, scientists, indigenous rights advocates and animal rights advocates working to expose the corruption of the palm oil industry or to save animals can contribute stories to the website.

Wildlife Artist Juanchi Pérez

Read more

Mel Lumby: Dedicated Devotee to Borneo’s Living Beings

Read more

Anthropologist and Author Dr Sophie Chao

Read more

Health Physician Dr Evan Allen

Read more

The World’s Most Loved Cup: A Social, Ethical & Environmental History of Coffee by Aviary Doert

Read more

How do we stop the world’s ecosystems from going into a death spiral? A #SteadyState Economy

Read more

3. Supermarket sleuthing: Next time you’re in the supermarket, take photos of products containing palm oil. Share these to social media along with the hashtags to call out the greenwashing and ecocide of the brands who use palm oil. You can also take photos of palm oil free products and congratulate brands when they go palm oil free.

https://twitter.com/CuriousApe4/status/1526136783557529600?s=20

https://twitter.com/PhillDixon1/status/1749010345555788144?s=20

https://twitter.com/mugabe139/status/1678027567977078784?s=20

4. Take to the streets: Get in touch with Palm Oil Detectives to find out more.

5. Donate: Make a one-off or monthly donation to Palm Oil Detectives as a way of saying thank you and to help pay for ongoing running costs of the website and social media campaigns. Donate here

#Boycott4wildlife #BoycottPalmOil #CriticallyEndangeredSpecies #deforestation #Dendrolagus #extinction #ForgottenAnimals #GoldenMantledTreeKangarooDendrolagusPulcherrimus #hunting #Indonesia #Kangaroos #Macropod #Mammal #mammals #Marsupial #marsupials #palmoil #PapuaNewGuinea #PapuaNewGuineaSpeciesEndangeredByPalmOilDeforestation #PapuaNewGuinea #TreeKangaroo #treekangaroos #vegan #WestPapua #WestPapua

Tenkile Dendrolagus scottae

Tenkile Dendrolagus scottae

Location: Torricelli Mountains and Bewani Range, Papua New Guinea

IUCN Status: Critically Endangered

The #Tenkile, or Scott’s Tree #Kangaroo Dendrolagus scottae, is one of the most endangered #marsupials in the world, found only in the Torricelli Mountains and Bewani Range of #PapuaNewGuinea. These elusive tree kangaroos are unlike others of the #Dendrolagus genus as they spend a lot more time on the ground. These #treekangaroos were once widespread, but decades of hunting for food and deforestation for subsistence farming have driven them to the brink of extinction and they are now critically endangered. By the early 2000s, their population had plummeted to an estimated 100 individuals. However, the Tenkile Conservation Alliance (TCA) has led a community-driven conservation effort that has helped stabilise and even increase their numbers. Despite these successes, #timber and #palmoil expansion stills pose a major threat to this species’ survival. Resist and fight for their survival each time you shop—#BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife.

https://youtu.be/9RZTrnedua4

Appearance and Behaviour

The #Tenkile is a critically #endangered chocolate brown tree #kangaroo 🦘🤎 bouncing in #PapuaNewGuinea’s 🇵🇬 #rainforests #PalmOil is a major threat. Help them, every time you shop #BoycottPalmOil 🌴🪔🤮🧐⛔️ #Boycott4Wildlife @palmoildetect #marsupial https://palmoildetectives.com/2021/01/26/tenkile-dendrolagus-scottae/

#Tenkiles are unlike other #TreeKangaroos as they spend time on the ground leaving them at risk of hunting. They have increased from 100 but #PalmOil #deforestation in #PapuaNewGuinea is a threat #BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife @palmoildetect #marsupial https://palmoildetectives.com/2021/01/26/tenkile-dendrolagus-scottae/

With their dense chocolate-brown fur, rounded face, and short, bear-like snout, Tenkile tree kangaroos are uniquely striking among their species. Their long, powerful tail helps them maintain balance while navigating the treetops, though unlike many tree kangaroos, they spend a significant amount of time on the ground. They move carefully and cautiously, using their strong forelimbs to grip branches and their hind legs for leaping between trees.

These tree kangaroos are highly elusive and difficult to spot in the wild. They are usually solitary, but historical accounts suggest they may have once lived in small groups. Due to intense hunting pressure, they have become particularly wary of human presence and avoid areas of disturbance.

Diet

Although no formal diet studies have been conducted, Tenkile tree kangaroos are known to feed on a variety of forest plants, vines, and epiphytes. They have been observed consuming Scaevola and Tetracera vines, as well as leaves from various rainforest species such as Podocarpus, Libocedrus, Auraucaria, Rapanea, and Syzygium. Their diet suggests they play a crucial role in their ecosystem by dispersing seeds and maintaining the health of montane rainforests.

Reproduction and Mating

Unlike some marsupials, Tenkile tree kangaroos do not have a fixed breeding season. Females typically give birth to one or possibly two joeys, which they carry in their pouch while they develop. Very little is known about their reproductive cycle, but as with other tree kangaroos, joeys likely spend months in the pouch before emerging and learning to navigate their treetop habitat. Given their slow reproductive rate, any decline in population is extremely difficult to reverse.

Threats

The Tenkile faces severe threats from hunting and habitat destruction for palm oil, gold mining and timber already present throughout their range.

This species is listed as Critically Endangered because of a rapid population decline suspected to be 90% or more over the last three generations, which in this species is a period of 30 years

IUCN Red List

Hunting and human encroachment

For generations, local communities hunted the Tenkile for food, leading to devastating population declines. Increased human population density has made this worse, as more people depend on hunting. However, conservation efforts have drastically reduced hunting, helping stabilise the species in the Torricelli Mountains.

Infrastructure and road construction

Around 75% of the Tenkile’s inferred range is now covered by timber and palm oil concessions, leading to widespread forest loss and fragmentation. Additionally, new roads built for petroleum and gas development have opened up previously inaccessible areas to hunters, worsening the threat.

Palm oil and industrial agriculture

Large-scale palm oil plantations are intruding into the Tenkile’s habitat. As corporate logging and agribusiness expands, the risk of palm oil and commercial plantations replacing their habitat has become a grave risk to their survival.

Climate change-induced extreme weather

As a forest-dwelling species, the Tenkile is highly sensitive to temperature changes. Climate change threatens to alter forest composition, food availability, and disease prevalence, putting additional stress on their already fragile population.

Take Action!

The Tenkile’s survival depends on protecting its rainforest home and ensuring local communities are supported in sustainable conservation efforts. You can help by using your wallet as a weapon—#BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife every time you shop.

FAQs

What does the Tenkile eat?

The Tenkile’s diet consists mainly of forest vines, leaves, and epiphytic ferns, with a preference for plant species like Scaevola and Tetracera. These seed-dispersing tree kangaroos play a crucial ecological role in maintaining rainforest biodiversity.

How is the Tenkile different from other tree kangaroos?

Unlike most tree kangaroos, the Tenkile spends a high proportion of time on the ground rather than staying exclusively in the treetops. This makes them more vulnerable to hunting and habitat destruction.

Why are Tenkile tree kangaroos endangered?

The Tenkile has been severely impacted by hunting and habitat loss from logging, agriculture, and road construction. Despite successful conservation efforts, threats from industrial expansion and climate change continue to endanger its survival.

What is the Tenkile Conservation Alliance (TCA)?

The Tenkile Conservation Alliance is a community-driven conservation group that has helped protect the Tenkile by working with local villages to ban hunting and establish conservation of tree kangaroos and other small marsupials in Papua. Their work has stabilised the Tenkile’s population, proving that local-led conservation efforts can be effective.

How can I help protect the Tenkile?

One of the biggest threats to Tenkile habitat is deforestation, particularly for logging, agriculture, and palm oil expansion. Always choose products that are 100% palm oil-free to avoid contributing to deforestation and biodiversity loss. Support organisations like the Tenkile Conservation Alliance, and spread awareness about this critically endangered species.

Further Information

Flannery, T. F., & Seri, L. (1990). Tree kangaroos of New Guinea. Records of the Australian Museum, 42(3), 237–245. https://journals.australian.museum/flannery-and-seri-1990-rec-aust-mus-423-237245/

Leary, T., Wright, D., Hamilton, S., Helgen, K., Singadan, R., Aplin, K., Dickman, C., Salas, L., Flannery, T., Martin, R. & Seri, L. 2019. Dendrolagus scottae. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T6435A21956375. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T6435A21956375.en. Downloaded on 26 January 2021.

Cannon, J. (2023). Defending a forest for tree kangaroos and people: Q&A with Fidelis Nick. Mongabay https://news.mongabay.com/2023/10/defending-a-forest-for-tree-kangaroos-and-people-qa-with-fidelis-nick/

Tenkile Conservation Alliance. (2024). Tenkile Tree Kangaroo. https://tenkile.com/tenkile-tree-kangaroo-2/

Tenkile Dendrolagus scottae

How can I help the #Boycott4Wildlife?

Take Action in Five Ways

1. Join the #Boycott4Wildlife on social media and subscribe to stay in the loop: Share posts from this website to your own network on Twitter, Mastadon, Instagram, Facebook and Youtube using the hashtags #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife.

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2. Contribute stories: Academics, conservationists, scientists, indigenous rights advocates and animal rights advocates working to expose the corruption of the palm oil industry or to save animals can contribute stories to the website.

Wildlife Artist Juanchi Pérez

Mel Lumby: Dedicated Devotee to Borneo’s Living Beings

Anthropologist and Author Dr Sophie Chao

Health Physician Dr Evan Allen

The World’s Most Loved Cup: A Social, Ethical & Environmental History of Coffee by Aviary Doert

How do we stop the world’s ecosystems from going into a death spiral? A #SteadyState Economy

3. Supermarket sleuthing: Next time you’re in the supermarket, take photos of products containing palm oil. Share these to social media along with the hashtags to call out the greenwashing and ecocide of the brands who use palm oil. You can also take photos of palm oil free products and congratulate brands when they go palm oil free.

https://twitter.com/CuriousApe4/status/1526136783557529600?s=20

https://twitter.com/PhillDixon1/status/1749010345555788144?s=20

https://twitter.com/mugabe139/status/1678027567977078784?s=20

4. Take to the streets: Get in touch with Palm Oil Detectives to find out more.

5. Donate: Make a one-off or monthly donation to Palm Oil Detectives as a way of saying thank you and to help pay for ongoing running costs of the website and social media campaigns. Donate here

Black Dorcopsis Dorcopsis atrata

Black Dorcopsis Dorcopsis atrata

IUCN Red List Status: Critically Endangered

Location: The Black Dorcopsis, also known as the Black Forest Wallaby, is found only on Goodenough Island in the D’Entrecasteaux Archipelago, Papua New Guinea. They inhabit lowland and montane forests, preferring dense vegetation at elevations between 300 and 1,500 metres.

The Black Dorcopsis is a rare and elusive wallaby, crucial to the health of Goodenough Island’s forest ecosystem in Papua New Guinea. However, their survival is under severe threat due to hunting and the relentless destruction of their habitat by logging, palm oil plantations, and subsistence agriculture. Without urgent conservation action, this unique species could vanish forever. Protecting them requires halting deforestation, boycotting palm oil, and supporting indigenous-led conservation initiatives. #BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife

https://youtu.be/WGhIenjKGWs

Small bouncy #marsupials 🦘🦘 Black Dorcopis 🖤 are critically #endangered on the edge of survival in GoodEnough Island #PapuaNewGuinea due to #palmoil #deforestation Help them survive #BoycottPalmOil 🌴🪔💩🤮☠️⛔️ #Boycott4Wildlife @palmoildetect https://palmoildetectives.com/2021/01/26/black-dorcopsis-dorcopsis-atrata/

Appearance and Behaviour

• The Black Dorcopsis is one of the few macropod species found exclusively on a single island, highlighting their ecological and evolutionary uniqueness.
• Their dark grey to black fur, with subtle grey accents, helps them blend seamlessly into the shadows of the forest, making them almost invisible to predators and humans.
• Despite their nocturnal and elusive nature, they are a keystone species, playing a critical role in maintaining the health of Goodenough Island’s forests.

The Black Dorcopsis is a medium-sized macropod with a dense coat of fur ranging in colour from dark grey to black. Subtle grey highlights appear on their face, chest, and undersides, softening the otherwise dark hues. This unique colouring offers effective camouflage in the dimly lit forest undergrowth.

Adults weigh up to 8 kilograms and measure around 50 centimetres in body length, with an additional 30–40 centimetres for their long, tapering tail. Their strong hind legs and short, muscular forelimbs allow them to move swiftly and silently through rugged terrain. Black Dorcopsis like many other macropods and tree kangaroos are shy and nocturnal, emerging under the cover of darkness to forage. Their secretive nature makes them a challenge to study in the wild.

Diet

Black Dorcopsis are herbivores, feeding on a diet of fruits, leaves, roots, and other vegetation found on the forest floor. Their role as seed dispersers makes them crucial to the health and regeneration of Goodenough Island’s forests. By consuming and spreading seeds, they contribute to maintaining the biodiversity of their ecosystem.

Reproduction and Mating

Like other macropods, the Black Dorcopsis gives birth to a single joey after a short gestation period. The joey remains in the mother’s pouch for several months, continuing to develop until it is ready to emerge. Although specific details of their reproductive habits are unknown, their life cycle likely mirrors other forest wallabies, involving strong maternal care and seasonal breeding.

Geographic Range

This critically endangered wallaby is endemic to Goodenough Island, a small volcanic island with rugged terrain and limited forest cover. Their range is confined to approximately 687 square kilometres of lowland and montane forests. Habitat fragmentation and human encroachment have reduced their available range, isolating populations into smaller patches and threatening their long-term survival.

Threats

The forest habitat of this species is being cleared by slash-and-burn agriculture and is rapidly being converted to grassland.

IUCN Red List

Palm Oil and Timber Deforestation:

Logging for timber plantations and the expansion of out-of-control palm oil plantations are the most significant threats to the Black Dorcopsis. These activities destroy vital forests, leaving the wallabies with fewer safe areas to live and forage. Habitat loss and fragmentation reduce their chances of survival and force them into contact with humans, increasing hunting pressures.

Illegal Hunting:

The Black Dorcopsis is heavily hunted for subsistence by local communities. Despite their small population size and critically endangered status, hunting remains a significant threat, exacerbated by their restricted range.

Slash-and-Burn Agriculture:

The practice of clearing forests for subsistence farming depletes the habitat of Black Dorcopsis, further isolating their populations and limiting the resources available for foraging and reproduction.

Climate Change:

Rising temperatures and shifting rainfall patterns threaten the montane forests that the Black Dorcopsis depends on. As a high-altitude specialist, this species is particularly vulnerable to these changes, which degrade their already limited habitat.

Ecological Role

As herbivores, Black Dorcopsis are vital to the ecosystem of Goodenough Island. By consuming forest fruits and dispersing seeds, they contribute to the regeneration of vegetation and maintain the biodiversity of their habitat. Their presence is essential to the balance and health of this unique forest ecosystem.

Take Action

The Black Dorcopsis is teetering on the edge of extinction, and their survival depends on immediate action. Boycott palm oil products, demand responsible forestry practices, and support indigenous-led conservation initiatives in Papua New Guinea. Raising awareness and advocating for stronger protections for their habitat are crucial to ensuring this unique species does not disappear. #BoycottPalmOil #Boycott4Wildlife

Black Dorcopsis Dorcopsis atrata

Further Information

Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). (n.d.). Dorcopsis atrata. Retrieved from https://www.gbif.org/species/165474543

Leary, T., Wright, D., Hamilton, S., Singadan, R., Menzies, J., Bonaccorso, F., Helgen, K., Seri, L., Allison, A. & James, R. 2016. Dorcopsis atrata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T6794A21952571. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-2.RLTS.T6794A21952571.en. Downloaded on 26 January, 2021.

The Conversation. (2023). Meet 5 marvellous mammals of the South Pacific you’ve probably never heard of. Retrieved from https://theconversation.com/meet-5-marvellous-mammals-of-the-south-pacific-youve-probably-never-heard-of-209038

How can I help the #Boycott4Wildlife?

Take Action in Five Ways

1. Join the #Boycott4Wildlife on social media and subscribe to stay in the loop: Share posts from this website to your own network on Twitter, Mastadon, Instagram, Facebook and Youtube using the hashtags #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife.

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2. Contribute stories: Academics, conservationists, scientists, indigenous rights advocates and animal rights advocates working to expose the corruption of the palm oil industry or to save animals can contribute stories to the website.

Wildlife Artist Juanchi Pérez

Read more

Mel Lumby: Dedicated Devotee to Borneo’s Living Beings

Read more

Anthropologist and Author Dr Sophie Chao

Read more

Health Physician Dr Evan Allen

Read more

The World’s Most Loved Cup: A Social, Ethical & Environmental History of Coffee by Aviary Doert

Read more

How do we stop the world’s ecosystems from going into a death spiral? A #SteadyState Economy

Read more

3. Supermarket sleuthing: Next time you’re in the supermarket, take photos of products containing palm oil. Share these to social media along with the hashtags to call out the greenwashing and ecocide of the brands who use palm oil. You can also take photos of palm oil free products and congratulate brands when they go palm oil free.

https://twitter.com/CuriousApe4/status/1526136783557529600?s=20

https://twitter.com/PhillDixon1/status/1749010345555788144?s=20

https://twitter.com/mugabe139/status/1678027567977078784?s=20

4. Take to the streets: Get in touch with Palm Oil Detectives to find out more.

5. Donate: Make a one-off or monthly donation to Palm Oil Detectives as a way of saying thank you and to help pay for ongoing running costs of the website and social media campaigns. Donate here

#BlackDorcopsisDorcopsisAtrata #Boycott4wildlife #BoycottPalmOil #CriticallyEndangeredSpecies #deforestation #endangered #Indonesia #Macropod #Mammal #Marsupial #marsupials #palmoil #PapuaNewGuineaSpeciesEndangeredByPalmOilDeforestation #PapuaNewGuinea #SeedDispersers #seeddispersal #WestPapua