home.social

#james-g-birdwell — Public Fediverse posts

Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #james-g-birdwell, aggregated by home.social.

fetched live
  1. Thomas Leonard (1752-1832) and Hannah James (1752-1842): Children Robert, Thomas, John, Hezekiah, Samuel, Griffith, Colin, and Hannah

    Griffith James Leonard, photo uploaded to Ancestry tree “Leonard/ Leonard/McLeod/Miller Family Tree,” maintained by dawnleonard818

    Or, Subtitled: “Saw Lincoln County when it was a cane brake infested with bear, wolves, deer and many other wild animals”

    In three previous postings, I discussed the life of Thomas Leonard (1752-1832), son of Robert Leonard and Honor Pritchard. I began with a look at the documents that chronicle his early years in Maryland, where he was born in the part of Frederick County that became Washington County in 1776, and where Thomas married Hannah, daughter of Griffith James, about 1775. I then looked at Thomas’ years in Pendleton District, South Carolina, to which he, his siblings, and their widowed mother Honor moved from Maryland by early 1786. I ended with an examination of documents following Thomas’ life in Lincoln (later Marshall) County, Tennessee, from 1808 up to his death in 1832. (Please click the numeral 2 below to read the continuation of this posting.)

    In this posting, I’m going to provide a brief overview of the children of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James. My goal is to document salient facts about each of these children, e.g., dates and places of birth, marriage, and death. There’s much more information to be found about each child. The following accounts of the children of Thomas and Hannah James Leonard are not exhaustive:

    1. Robert Leonard, the first child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born 14 February 1777 in Washington County, Maryland, and died 4 August 1844 at Rusk in Cherokee County, Texas. On 17 March 1807 in Abbeville County, South Carolina, Robert married Rachel Dunlap. These dates of birth, marriage, and death are provided by Robert and Rachel’s son Thomas Dunlap Leonard in his record of the family of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James written in 1883. This document, entitled “Biography of the Leonards,” has been discussed in previous postings (and here) noting that its present whereabouts are not known and that it has circulated among Leonard descendants as a typescript.

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard records the following about his parents Robert Leonard and Rachel Dunlap:[1]

    Robert was the oldest child, born in Maryland the 14th of Feb., 1777. Married Rachel, dau of Wm. Dunlap in Abbeville District of So Carolina on 17 Mar 1807. He moved with his father to Lincoln Co Tn and settled on Cane Creek half a mile above Petersburg. Subsequently moved to middle Alabama, settled in Perry Co where he lived from 1818 to 1824, lived there until 1840, then to Texas, settled in Cherokee Co. where he died on 4 Aug. 1844 in the 67th year of his age. He was a hatter by trade, also a farmer. His life was spent in usefulness to his neighbors, his country and his family, teaching his children the importance of industry, honesty, and truthfulness. At all times with his wife taught their children the importance of the Christian religion which all had embraced before their death, but two and they embraced since the death of their parents. Robert was truly a good man, good husband, good father, good citizen; he was my father and his wife Rachel, my mother. Language will fail me in attempting to portray her excellencies. She was brought up in the faith and membership of the Presbyterian Church and strictly adhered to their discipline in the government of her family, teaching them to observe the commandments of our Saviour.

    She ruled her children in love and impressed on their minds at their earliest age those principles of love to God and love of His services, and to search his words of truth for their guide through life. She became convinced of the importance of immersion as baptism, when she was about 40 years of age, when she and her husband were buried with Christ in baptism in Flint River, Madison Co. Ala. She lived to see all of her children members of the Baptist Church, but two and they followed in her footsteps after her death. She died in Cherokee Co, Tx in the year 1862 in the 62nd year of her life and was buried by the side of her husband in the town of Rusk, Cherokee Co. Tx. after having spent a long life of usefulness, to her family, neighbors, and church. Thus ended the life of a God loving woman.

    A previous posting explains why I think it’s likely that, following Thomas Leonard’s marriage to Hannah James about 1775, this couple lived at Sharpsburg in Washington County, where Hannah’s father Griffith James lived. If I’m correct in deducing this, then Thomas and Hannah’s son Robert and the three (or possibly four: see the notes below on Samuel) brothers born after him in Washington County were probably all born in Sharpsburg.

    A biography of Robert’s son William R. Leonard (1822-1905) in Memorial and Biographical History of McLennan, Falls, Bell and Coryell Counties, Texas states that his father Robert Leonard was a soldier of the War of 1812 and served under Andrew Jackson at the battle of Horseshoe Bend.[2] His service papers show him serving under Colonel Robert Dyer in the Cavalry and Mounted Gunmen of Tennessee Volunteers.[3]

    The biography of William R. Leonard also indicates that his father Robert Leonard moved about 1824 to Madison County, Alabama, where he lived on the Flint River nine miles east of Huntsville.[4] He then moved to Texas about 1840, according to this source, settling first in Nacogdoches County and then in Cherokee County, where he died in 1844, aged 67. A certificate for a Texas headright grant that Robert Leonard received on 4 March 1844 states that he arrived in Texas on 3 April 1840.[5] As a previous posting notes, Robert’s brother Thomas moved from Limestone County, Alabama, to Nacogdoches County, Texas, in June 1839, receiving a headright grant that fell into Cherokee County at that county’s formation in July 1845. In moving to this part of Texas in 1840, Robert Leonard was following in the footsteps of his brother Thomas.

    At her “Leonard/Kellum/Hughes Family Tree” at Ancestry, Peggy Strickland states,[6]

    According to old hand written Leonard Family history, Rachel [Dunlap]’s Father brought Rachel and her two sisters from Ireland, their mother having died in Ireland when Rachel was three years old. Her Father had previously been to America and fought in the Revolutionary War, in which he lost one leg.

    The 1850 federal census for Cherokee County, Texas, on which the widowed Rachel is shown living at Rusk, reports her birthplace as Ireland.[7]  A previous posting talks briefly about a Limestone County, Alabama, court case that ensued after Robert Leonard’s brother Thomas sold his homeplace in that county to their brother John Leonard in 1839 as Thomas prepared to move to Texas. The court case, James Birdwell, assignee, vs. John Linard, revolved around a promissory note for $500 that James Birdwell, who married Thomas Leonard’s daughter Aletha, claimed Thomas assigned to him when John paid him for his land. James alleged that the promissory note was given to Rachel, wife of Robert Leonard, for safekeeping. Robert and wife Rachel moved to Texas soon after Thomas moved his family there. John Leonard died in 1846 and James, who then died in 1849, claimed that Rachel had never delivered John’s $500 promissory note to Thomas Leonard to him.

    As the first-born son of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James (and their first child), I think it’s likely Robert Leonard was given the name Robert after his paternal grandfather Robert Leonard.

    2. Thomas Lewis Leonard, the second child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born in 1781 in Washington County, Maryland, and died in October 1870 in Cherokee County, Texas. About 1800 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, he married Sarah M. Lauderdale, daughter of John Lauderdale and Milbury Mauldin. Sarah’s name is consistently written in documents with the middle initial M.; I suspect her full name was Sarah Mauldin Lauderdale, and that she was named for her grandmother Sarah, wife of John Mauldin.

    Thomas is my direct ancestor, and I’ve provided extensive documentation in previous postings about his life in Maryland, South Carolina and Tennessee, then about his years in Limestone County, Alabama (and here), and finally about his final years in Cherokee County, Texas.

    John Leonard’s signature on a 14 October 1843 promissory note in Madison County, Alabama, Circuit Court Case File, Brooks, Linard 1843

    3. John Leonard, the third child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born between 1781 and 1784 in Washington County, Maryland, and died 14 November 1846 in Limestone County, Alabama. In 1806 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, he married Hannah Fowler, daughter of Joshua and Elizabeth Fowler.[8]

    My reason for assigning John a birthdate of 1781-4 is as follows: in his discussion of the children of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, Thomas Dunlap Leonard indicates that John was the third child of Thomas and Hannah, born after his brother Thomas and prior to his brother Hezekiah. We know that Thomas Lewis Leonard was born in 1781, and as I’ll discuss below, the tombstone of Hezekiah Leonard shows his date of birth as 24 June 1784. So John was born between 1781 and June 1784. The 1830 and 1840 federal censuses confirm that he was born between 1780 and 1789.[9]

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard states the following about John Leonard:

    John Leonard married Hannah Fowler, daughter of Joshua Fowler of So Carolina about 1806, moved to Madison Co., Ala, where he lived until 1838, when he moved to Limestone Co., Al, where he lived until death, which occurred about 1847 or 1848. Hannah, his wife, died in Madison Co. about 1828 or 1829. Their children were born near Madison Cross Roads in Madison Co. John lived through life as he had been reared up by his parents, a lover of all the ennobling virtues that constitute good child, a good husband, father and citizen. I was intimately acquainted with him, the last 20 years of his life. He was governed in all his actions through life from the noble principles of Christian spirit, truth and honesty was his motto. When I look back at the character of old acquaintances, John Leonard stands side by side with the best of citizens of old Madison Co. When I look back from my old age, my heart swells within me of love and admiration for the excellence of John Leonard. Aunt Hannah was truly his peer in all of the excellencies of wife, companion, mother and citizen. The character of her daughters prove the excellencies of the early training of the mother. Their deportment gives a better comment on the life and character of their mother than I can give.

    In the War of 1812, John Leonard served in the 16th Regiment of Burrus’ Mississippi Militia.[10] Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Burrus’ regiment was comprised for the most part of men living in or near Madison County, Mississippi Territory (later Alabama), which bordered on Lincoln County, Tennessee.[11] Also serving in Burrus’ militia was Robert Leonard’s first cousin Samuel Dean, son of Robert’s aunt Gwendolyn James and husband Samuel Dean, and Moses Birdwell, father of James Birdwell who married John Leonard’s niece Aletha, daughter of Thomas Lewis Leonard. Moses also had a daughter whose given name I haven’t found, who married a Lamb, and Alfred L. Lamb, a son of that couple, married John Leonard’s daughter Hannah A.E. Leonard.

    John Leonard’s date of death is stated in a will book of Limestone County, Alabama, according to his descendant Jackie Leonard of Athens, Alabama.[12]Minutes of the Limestone County circuit court case James Birdwell assignee vs. George W. Fisher admr. of John Linard dec’d. state on 2 December 1846 that “the said John Linard hath departed this life intestate as we are informed” and that George W. Fisher was estate administrator.[13] Fisher was granted administration on 6 December 1846.[14]

    Tombstone of Hezekiah Leonard, photo by Jimmy Trout — see Find a Grave memorial page of Hezekiah Leonard, Leonard cemetery, Marshall County, Tennessee, created by Donna B., maintained by Prairie Mary

    4. Hezekiah Leonard, the fourth child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born 24 June 1784 in Washington County, Maryland, and died 27 March 1817 in Lincoln County, Tennessee. These dates of birth and death are inscribed on his tombstone in the Leonard family cemetery at the old Thomas Leonard homestead just north of Petersburg, Marshall County, Tennessee.[15]

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard says this about Hezekiah:

    Hezekiah, a son of Thomas and Hannah Leonard died at the home of his parents in Lincoln Tenn. about the year 1816. He was grown not married.

    Hezekiah left a nuncupative will in Lincoln County dated 27 March 1817.[16] The will, which was probated 5 May 1817, states that Hezekiah was in “his last sickness” and bequeaths Hezekiah’s property to his brother Griffith. It was witnessed by his brother Robert and cousin George, son of William Leonard.

    5. Samuel Leonard, the fifth child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born about 1786 in either Washington County, Maryland, or Pendleton District, South Carolina. He died about 1817 in Lincoln County, Tennessee. I estimate Samuel’s birthdate as about 1786 because Thomas Dunlap Leonard places him between his brother Hezekiah, who was born 24 June 1784, and his brother Griffith, who was born 26 September 1787. Since his parents moved from Maryland to Pendleton District, South Carolina, late in 1785 or early in 1786, I think he may have been born in either Maryland or South Carolina.

    After having noted that Hezekiah Leonard died at the home of his parents in Lincoln County, Tennessee, in about 1816, Thomas Dunlap Leonard states:

    Samuel at, and near the same time, he was just about grown.

    I think it’s likely that Samuel is buried in the Leonard family cemetery, but I haven’t seen any transcription of a tombstone for him.

    6. Griffith James Leonard, the sixth child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born 26 September 1787 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, and died 1 September 1864 in Marshall County, Tennessee. On 7 April 1836 in Lincoln County, Tennessee, he married Nancy Emmett Porter, daughter of Stephen and Mary Porter.

    Griffith’s dates of birth and death are recorded on his tombstone in the family cemetery on Thomas Leonard’s old homestead just north of Petersburg, Tennessee.[17] Griffith’s date of death is also stated in an affidavit given by John Cowden and the widow Nancy in Marshall County on 22 August 1868; the affidavit is found in his War of 1812 pension and bounty land application file.[18] John Cowden was the husband of Mary Hannah Leonard, daughter of Griffith and Nancy Leonard. John and his mother-in-law Nancy state that Griffith was aged 73 when he died on 1 September 1864. Their affidavit also says that he refused to vote for secession in the vote held in Tennessee on 8 June 1861 and was consistently loyal to the Union though his son Samuel was a Confederate soldier.

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard offers a fulsome remembrance of his uncle Griffith James Leonard and Griffith’s wife Nancy:

    Griffith J. Leonard remained with his parents until their death bestowing that care on them that was essential to their happiness is old age. Having by inheritance and cultivation obtained those hightoned traits of character that fitly qualified him for the practical duties of life as a good citizen, husband and father. His neighbors can all testify to his excellencies of character with pleasure. His children proved the excellencies of their parents.  Griffith Leonard was a superior order of intellect, had no opportunities of school la early life to improve his intellect. He was a self made man and had acquired a fine degree of practical and useful knowledge. A man of high toned moral principles not capable of condescending to any low degrading act under any circumstances. He was a true patriot through life, he fell from an unerring rifle shot of an Indian warrior on the furious battlefield of Talledega, Ala. in the year 1812. It pierced his neck and passed through, from which wound he recovered and lived to marry his [wife?] and bring up an excellent family. He also accumulated a good home, a good large tract of Tennessee best land for his amiable widow and children.

    He leaves them as his parents left him viz, with high toned sense of moral training to qualify them for usefulness to society, themselves and their God. He died 1a the year 1864, being In the 77th year of his age. Thus ended the long and useful life of Griffith J. Leonard, leaving his amiable wife with a large family to care for at the end of a cruel war that had devastated nearly every ordinary contort of life, and in the midst of a helpless people as herself. Yet she by inheritance and education had a good stock of industry and economies to draw from. That she has brought up her excellent family is credit to herself and to her departed husband. She has demonstrated these excellent traits of character inherited from her parents end by education that so fitly qualified her for her duties as mother to her children and her labor has been crowned with success.

    Nancy Porter was a daughter of Stephen and Sary Porter, born Jan. 10, 1818. They were the best of citizens, Iived up to those excellent rules of discipline that so eminently qualified them for usefulness in life to themselves, families, neighbors and their God. Stephen Porter’s excellent example will be remembered by his acquaintances with pleasure as long as their lives last. It affords me pleasure now to look back over half a century when Stephen Porter assembled his family and visiting neighbors around the family altar for prayer night and morning. His Godly influence was felt by his neighbors during life, and after death he was missed by all. He has gone to his reward of a good man. May his posterity emulate his worthy example.

    1 August 1851 bounty land claim of Griffith J. Leonard, in NARA, War of 1812 Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application Files, compiled ca. 1871 – ca. 1900, documenting the period 1812 – ca. 1900, RG 15, file of Griffith J. Lenard, WC 15252, widow Nancy E., WO 25978, available digitally at Fold3

    Griffith’s War of 1812 pension and bounty land file contains further detailed information about his service and injuries during that war. On 1 August 1851, Griffith filed a bounty land claim in Marshall County that is preserved in this file. This document states that Griffith was aged 64 and living in Marshall County. It also notes he was a sergeant in Captain John Porter’s 1st Regiment of the Tennessee Militia under Col. J.K Wynn in the Creek War. He was drafted at Fayetteville, Tennessee, on 1 October 1813 and discharged at Fayetteville on 1 January 1814. The affidavit was signed by Griffith.

    Another affidavit Griffith gave in Marshall County on 2 June 1855 is in the pension and bounty land file. This gives his age as 69 and states that he was a resident of Marshall County.  It further indicates that he was a 1st sergeant under Colonel John Porter in the 1st regiment of Col. John K. Wynn in the War with Great Britain and the Creek Indians of 1812-1815. He had made a bounty-land application for this service on 28 September 1850. Again, this document is signed Griffith Lenard.

    A 4 July 1871 affidavit of Nancy Leonard in Marshall County found in the pension and bounty land file attests to her husband’s service. Nancy notes that Griffith was severely wounded on 8 November 1813 at Talladega, Alabama. She signs the affidavit Nancy E. Lenard. 

    An affidavit provided by James Luna, an ensign in Griffith’s unit, on 4 September 1845 in Marshall County says that Griffith J. Leonard was a 1st sergeant in John Porter’s Company of West Tennessee Militia and served in the action against the Creeks from October 1813 to January 1814. He received a severe wound in his neck in the battle of Talladega on 9 November 1813, Luna states.

    A biography of Griffith’s grandson Dr. John Norris Cowden also speaks of his grandfather Griffith J. Leonard’s War of 1812 service.[19]  Noting that John Norris Cowden was the son of Dr. John Cowden and Mary Hannah Leonard and was born in Marshall County, the biography states:

    James Griffith Leonard, the father of Mrs. Cowden, was an intimate friend of General Andrew Jackson, under whom he served throughout the War of 1812, participating in the battle of Tishomingo [sic].

    As Thomas Dunlap Leonard’s biography of his uncle Griffith notes, Griffith was the son who remained at home with his parents Thomas and Hannah Leonard up to their deaths, and for this reason, his father willed the family homeplace and land to his son Griffith. Thomas Leonard’s will is transcribed and discussed in a previous posting noting that the will stipulates that Griffith was to care for his mother Hannah up to her death. Griffith and wife Nancy continued living in the old Leonard house up to their deaths, with Griffith leaving the homeplace to his son William Stephen (Bud) Leonard.

    In an article published in the Fayetteville Observer in August 1908, John Bright speaks of a number of early settlers of Lincoln County, Tennessee, including Griffith James Leonard.[20] Bright notes that Griffith, whose wife was Nancy Porter, came to Lincoln County at an early date, settling north of Petersburg and leaving “a character of good citizenship, worthy of imitation by his posterity.” 

    Nancy Porter Leonard, seated, right, with granddaughter Josie Cowden Bliss behind her, photo uploaded to Ancestry tree “Leonard/ Leonard/McLeod/Miller Family Tree,” maintained by dawnleonard818 Samuel James Leonard, seated front middle, and family, photo uploaded to Ancestry tree “Leonard/ Leonard/McLeod/Miller Family Tree,” maintained by dawnleonard818

    Griffith James Leonard was named for his maternal grandfather Griffith James, who moved from Washington County, Maryland, to Pendleton District, South Carolina, following his children who had settled there in the 1780s. Photos of Griffith James Leonard, his wife Nancy, and their son Samuel with Samuel’s family are found at the Ancestry tree of Dawn Leonard, “Leonard/ Leonard/McLeod/Miller Family Tree.”[21] The photo of Griffith is found at the head of this posting.

    7. Colin Campbell Leonard, the seventh child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born about 1791 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, and died between 16 June 1856 and 29 November 1859 in Jackson County, Arkansas. About 1817 in Lincoln County, Tennessee, Colin married Jean Williams. As Thomas Dunlap Leonard’s brief biography of his uncle Colin states, Colin’s wife Jean died and he then married a second time. Thomas D. Leonard appears not to have known the name of Colin’s second wife.

    Thomas D. Leonard states the following about Colin Campbell Leonard:

    Collin Campbell Leonard son of Thos, and Hannah Leonard was born in Maryland, brought up in South Carolina, married Miss Jean Williams of Tennessee about the year 1817. I have no knowledge of the Williams family. They had only two children, a daughter and a son. I am under the impression both children are dead. Aunt Jean died and Uncle Collin moved from Lincoln County to McNairy County West Tenn. He married the second time, had seven children by her. I met with two sons on the battle field of Perryville, Ky. I have no further knowledge of his family.

    Uncle Collin was dissipated (drank) in early life. He was a good soldier in the Indian war of 1812 to 14. He was a true friend to friends and bitter enemy to his enemies. He possessed noble generous principles. His latter life was a steady habits. He became a member of the Methodist church and a preacher before death. His sons informed us that their father was dead. Nothing further is known of his family.

    The 1850 federal census shows Colin with a woman in his household whose name is given by the census taker as Mary A.L. (or S.?) Collins, aged 28, born in Virginia.[22] The census lists Colin as a farmer aged 59 who was born in Tennessee. Also in the household are children Colin C., 12, Thomas C., 8, William R., 6, and Levi W., aged 1, all born in Tennessee.

    It appears to me that Mary is Colin’s wife, and that the census taker has inadvertently assigned her the surname Collins because her husband is named Colin C. Leonard. At some point after this census enumeration was made, the family moved to Jackson County, Arkansas, where on 20 June 1855, a circuit course case of debt, Atrides Crow v. Collin C. Leonard, was filed.[23] On 16 June 1856, Colin’s property was attached by the sheriff due to a judgment in this case.[24]

    On 29 November 1859, Mary Leonard married Cyrus Black in Jackson County, Arkansas.[25] The marriage record gives Mary’s age as 37, indicating an 1822 birth year. This matches the birth year of the Mary who is found in Colin Campbell’s household on the 1850 federal census and who appears to be mother of his sons Colin C., Thomas C., William R., and Levi W.

    The federal census shows Cyrus and Mary Black living at Cache in Jackson County, Jacksonport post office.[26] Mary is aged 37 and born in Virginia — a match to the Mary found in Colin C. Leonard’s household in 1850.  Also in the household are Thomas, William, and Levi from Colin’s household on the 1850 census, all now with the surname Black, and daughters Nancy and Alfy Black, aged 8 and 4, who are likely also children of Colin C. Leonard. Nancy was born in Tennessee and Alfy (who is likely Alpha) in Arkansas. 

    Colin Campbell Leonard was named for his uncle Colin Campbell, who married Mary Ann Leonard, sister of Thomas Leonard. For a discussion of documents showing Colin Campbell Leonard receiving permission to keep an ordinary at his father’s house in Lincoln County, Tennessee, and being charged in that county with assault and battery, see this previous posting.

    Hannah Leonard and William Depriest Moore — see Amy Edmiston, “The Moore Homestead,” Pretty Old Places

    8. Hannah Leonard, the eighth child and only daughter of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born 10 January 1795 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, and died 11 December 1886 at Petersburg in Marshall County, Tennessee. On 1 July 1817 in Lincoln County, Tennessee, she married William Depriest Moore, son of David Dower Moore and Jane Depriest.

    These dates were inscribed on Hannah’s tombstone in the Moore family cemetery outside Petersburg.[27] The stone is now broken into pieces, though William D. Moore’s stone remains intact and legible.

    The War of 1812 pension and bounty land application file of William Depriest Moore and wife Hannah contains a 23 May 1878 document stating that Hannah was aged 82, née Leonard, living near Petersburg, and had married William D. Moore on 1 July 1817 in Lincoln County, Tennessee.[28] William, who was a Virginia native, served during this war as a private in Captain David Elliott’s Company, Kentucky Militia.

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard offers an extensive reminiscence of his aunt Hannah and her husband William D. Moore:

    Hannah Leonard married William D. Moore of Kentucky in the year 1827. He was a house painter and cabinet workman, equal to any of his day. He was a man of superior genius of mind, his natural endowments were above the average. He cultivated it to a general usefulness in practical science. He was a good farmer, fine judge of stock, which he had a fine taste for and cultivated successfully. He was truthful, honest, and reliable in every sense of the term. He accumulated a good living, raised a family of six children, viz Angeline, Thomas D., Alpha, Alitha, William C., Margaret, and Amanda. He died in November in 1855, leaving Hannah with a competency and with her most amiable of children to take care of her in old age, which duty they here performed, to credit to themselves and satisfaction to their aged mother, who still survives and is now 89 years of age, now living with her son-in-law and daughter, Jo. J. S. and Angelina Gill.

    Hannah was the only daughter of Thomas and Hannah Leonard. Language fails me to portray the excellencies of this good woman neither can her neighbors or children do her justice. She has lived for seventy five years near where she now Ilves. Saw Lincoln County when it was a cane brake infested with bear, wolves, deer and many other wild animals.  Right around Petersburg and cane Creek all of her age have gone across the river. She is left as a lone tree of the forest but must soon fall, and go to join her loved ones that have gone before and must follow after. She has an Inheritance awaiting her that is far better than anything she has ever realised on earth. I rejoice to know that kindred blood course my veins, that I can say she is my aunt, my father’s sister.  I rejoice to know she has left such a noble posterity that acted well their parts in life. I rejoice to know that I as their biographers of William D. and Hannah Moore gives me such pleasure to speak of their merits without a stain on their character. I rejoice to know that the hand and heart of their daughter[s] have been sought by the noblest sons of Tenn., also that their sons sought and obtained their equals in the daughters of Tennessee.

    William D. Moore farm May 2025, ibid. William D. Moore house, ibid. Original front downstairs room, William D. Moore house, ibid. Daughters of William D. Moore and Hannah Leonard — Angelina, Amanda, Aletha, Margaret, ibid.

    A portrait-photograph of Hannah Leonard and William Depriest Moore appears in a number of published sources and has recently been published online as their old Marshall County homeplace and farm have gone on the market for sale.[29] The portrait is featured along with photos of the farm and the Moore house in Amy Edmiston’s Pretty Old Places blog.[30]

    [1] Thomas Dunlap Leonard, “Biography of the Leonards” (1883 manuscript now circulated as typescript; present whereabouts are not known). The 14 February 1777 date of birth is also stated in a lineage provided by Sarah Johnson Berliner to DAR: See NSDAR Lineage Book, vol. 93 (1912) p. 83; and Mary Smith Fay, War of 1812 Veterans in Texas (New Orleans, 1979; repr. Greenville, South Carolina: Southern Historical Press, 1994), apparently citing records filed by U.S. Daughters of 1812 Descendants.

    [2] Memorial and Biographical History of McLennan, Falls, Bell and Coryell Counties, Texas (Chicago: Lewis, 1893), pp. 721-3. This biography gives William’s middle name as Rinualdi. The “Anderson-Monroe Family Tree” at Ancestry maintained by weblady173 has a digital image of a page from a bible that appears to have belonged to one of William R. Leonard’s children, giving his middle name as Roden. This Ancestry tree also has a copy of an undated autobiography written by William R. Leonard near the end of his life, which appears not to have been finished and was transcribed by one of his children.

    [3] NARA, Indexes to the Carded Records of Soldiers Who Served in Volunteer Organizations During the War of 1812, compiled 1899 – 1927, documenting the period 1812 – 1815 RG 94, file of Robert Lenard, available digitally at Fold3. Fay, War of 1812 Veterans in Texas, states that Robert served in Captain Edwin S. Moore’s Company of Tennessee Volunteers.

    [4] Memorial and Biographical History of McLennan, Falls, Bell and Coryell Counties, Texas, pp. 721-3.

    [5] Nacogdoches District Court Returns, files 54 and 58, available digitally at the website of Texas General Land Office.

    [6] PeggyStrickland55, “Leonard/Kellum/Hughes Family Tree,” Ancestry.

    [7] 1850 federal census, Cherokee County, Texas, town of Rusk, p. 61 (dwelling/family 412, 31 October).

    [8] The marriage is indexed in Ancestry’s database entitled South Carolina Marriage Index, 1641-1965, compiled by Hunting For Bears (2005). A specific date of marriage is not given in this database; this entry appears to be citing Georgia Genealogical Magazine, no. 60-61 (spring-summer 1976). Thomas Dunlap Leonard’s “Biography of the Leonards” also states that John Leonard married Hannah Fowler “about 1806.”

    [9] 1830 federal census, Madison County, Alabama, p. 72A, showing John aged 40-49 (the surname is Linard here); and 1840 federal census, Limestone County, Alabama, p. 151A, showing John aged 50-59.

    [10] NARA, Indexes to the Carded Records of Soldiers Who Served in Volunteer Organizations During the War of 1812, compiled 1899 – 1927, documenting the period 1812 – 1815, RG 94, file of John Lenard, available digitally at Fold3.

    [11] See “16th Regiment, Mississippi Militia, War of 1812,” at WikiTree.

    [12] Jackie Leonard is citing Limestone County, Alabama, Will Bk. 7, p. 333, which states that John Leonard was “dec’d. 14 Nov. 1846.” Because this will book is under lock and key in the digital files available at the FamilySearch site, I haven’t been able to access the original and obtain further information about this document.

    [13] Limestone County, Alabama, Circuit Court Minutes Bk. 1847-1857, p. 136.

    [14] Limestone County, Alabama, County Court Record Bk. 1830-1849, p. 422 mistakenly writing the year as 1847 and not as 1846.

    [15] See Find a Grave memorial page of Hezekiah Leonard, Leonard cemetery, Marshall County, Tennessee, created by Donna B., maintained by Prairie Mary, with a tombstone photo by Jimmy Trout.

    [16] Lincoln County, Tennessee, Will Bk. 1, p. 156-7. See also Frances T. Ingmire, Lincoln County, Tennessee, Wills, Inventories, and Miscellaneous, March 1809 – April 1824 (St. Louis, 1984), p. 8; and Helen C. and Timothy R. Marsh, Wills and Inventories of Lincoln County, Tennessee (Easley, South Carolina: Southern Historical Press, 1989), p. 8.

    [17] See Find a Grave memorial page of Griffith J. Leonard, Leonard cemetery, Marshall County, Tennessee, created by Louise Jenkins, with a tombstone photo by Jimmy Trout.

    [18] NARA, War of 1812 Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application Files, compiled ca. 1871 – ca. 1900, documenting the period 1812 – ca. 1900, RG 15, file of Griffith J. Lenard, WC 15252, widow Nancy E., WO 25978, available digitally at Fold3. Nancy’s widow’s brief has a cover page stating that her maiden name was Nancy E. Porter and that she received certificate 15252 and bounty land warrants 56760-40-50 and 79828-12055. This cover pages also says that Griffith J. Leonard and Nancy Porter married in Lincoln County, Tennessee, on 7 April 1836, and that Nancy died 18 April 1910 at Petersburg, Tennessee.

    [19] John Trotwood Moore and Austin P. Foster, Tennessee, the Volunteer State, 1769-1923, vol. 3 (Chicago: S.S. Clarke, 1923), pp. 238-241. See also this previous posting about Dr. John Norris Cowden.

    [20] Fayetteville Observer (27 August 1908).

    [21] Ancestry tree “Leonard/ Leonard/McLeod/Miller Family Tree, maintained by dawnleonard818. Photo of Griffith, of wife Nancy, and of son Samuel James Leonard with his family.

    [22] 1850 federal census, Rutherford County, Tennessee, Gambrill district, p. 184 (dwelling/family 483, 30 September).

    [23] Jackson County, Arkansas, Circuit Court Minutes Bk. B, pp. 544-5, 561.

    [24] Jackson County, Arkansas, Deed Bk. G, pp. 32-5.

    [25] Jackson County, Arkansas, Marriage Bk. I.

    [26] 1850 federal census, Jackson County, Arkansas, Cache, Jacksonport post office, p. 610B (dwelling/family 1069; 7 August). Cyrus Black appears to have died by 17 December 1866, when Mary E.L. Black married Ephraim L. Hughey, a South Carolinian who came to Arkansas from Fayette County, Alabama, in Jackson County. Ephraim died in Jackson County on 4 May 1874 and the 1880 federal census for Jackson County shows Mary as the widow Hughey with her son Levi W. Leonard (this is his surname now, not Black) living next to her with his wife Mary Catherine Narrimore and their children.

    [27] See Helen C. Marsh, Timothy R. Marsh, and Ralph D. Whitsell, Cemetery Records of Marshall County, Tennessee (Shelbyville, Tennessee: Marsh Historical Publishing, 1981), p. 253. The 10 January 1795 birthdate for Hannah also appears in Jane Wallace Alford, Revolutionary War Patriots of Marshall County, Tennessee (Lewisburg, Tennessee: Webb, 1976); in Gail Gill Sanders, “Joseph Jonathan S. and Angelina (Moore) Gill,” in Heritage of Lincoln County, Tennessee, ed. Lincoln Co. Heritage Committee (Waynesville, NC: Walsworth, 2005), p. 321; and in Adelaide Moore Moss, “William Depriest Moore,” in ibid., p. 517. This birthdate for Hannah Leonard is also stated in DAR lineage reports submitted by Nancy Alford of the Robert Lewis chapter of Tennessee (DAR no. 537116) and of Mary Aletha Hathaway Dorsey of the Chief John Ross chapter (DAR no. 537605), both entering DAR as descendants of David Moore, father of William Depriest Moore.

    [28] NARA, War of 1812 Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application Files, compiled ca. 1871 – ca. 1900, documenting the period 1812 – ca. 1900, RG 15, file of William D. Moore, , WC pension 17127 and WO pension 31237, available digitally at Fold3.

    [29] See J. Lester Wolfe, “Thomas Leonard,” in Heritage of Lincoln County, Tennessee, ed. Lincoln County Heritage Committee (Waynesville, North Carolina: County Heritage, 2005), p. 414; and Adelaide Moore Moss, “William DePriest Moore,” in ibid., p. 517, noting that Moss notes that William DePriest Moore and Hannah Leonard belonged to Union Grove Presbyterian church in Marshall County.

    [30] Amy Edmiston, “The Moore Homestead,” Pretty Old Places.

    #AbbevilleDistSouthCarolina #AlethaLeonard #AlfredLLamb #AlphaLeonard #AmandaLeonard #ancestry #AndrewJackson #AngelinaLeonard #AtridesCrow #BattleOfTalladega #CacheJacksonCoArkansas #CharlesBurrus #CherokeeCoTexas #ColinCampbell #ColinCampbellLeonard #CyrusBlack #DavidDowerMoore #DavidElliott #familyHistory #FayettevilleLincolnCoTennessee #FlintRiver #genealogy #GeorgeLeonard #GeorgeWFisher #GriffithJames #GriffithJamesLeonard #GwendolynJames #HannahAELeonard #HannahFowler #HannahJames #HannahLeonard #HezekiahLeonard #history #JacksonCoArkansas #JacksonportJacksonCoArkansas #JamesGBirdwell #JaneDepriest #JeanWilliams #JohnCowden #JohnKWynn #JohnLauderdale #JohnLeonard #JohnMauldin #JoshuaFowler #LeviWLeonard #LimestoneCoAlabama #LincolnCoTennessee #MadisonCoAlabama #MadisonCoMississippiTerritory #MadisonCrossroadsMadisonCoAlabama #MargaretLeonard #MarshallCoTennessee #MaryAnnLeonard #MaryHannahLeonard #McNairyCoTennessee #MilburyMauldin #MosesBirdwell #NacogdochesCoTexas #NancyEmmettPorter #NancyLeonard #PendletonDistSouthCarolina #PerryCoAlabama #PetersburgMarshallCoTennessee #RachelDunlap #RobertLeonard #RuskCherokeeCoTexas #SamuelDean #SamuelJamesLeonard #SamuelLeonard #SarahMLauderdale #SharpsburgWashingtonCoMaryland #StephenPorter #ThomasCLeonard #ThomasDunlapLeonard #ThomasLeonard #ThomasLewisLeonard #WashingtonCoMaryland #WilliamDepriestMoore #WilliamDunlap #WilliamRLeonard #WilliamRinualdiLeonard #WilliamRodenLeonard
  2. Thomas Lewis Leonard (1781-1870) and Sarah M. Lauderdale (1785/6 – abt. 1866): Children — Aletha, Hannah, Milbury, Cynthia, Matilda, Maria, Minerva, Alfred, Thomas, Martha, Sarah, and Mahala

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard, “Biography of the Leonards” (manuscript transcribed as typescript, 1883)

    Or, Subtitled: “Thus ends the children of Thomas and Sally Leonard”

    Here’s a brief summary of information about the ten daughters and two sons of Thomas Lewis Leonard and Sarah M. Lauderdale (for the continuation of this posting, please click the numeral 2 below):

    Thomas and Sally Leonard’s oldest child, a daughter named born in So Carolina about the year 1803. She was married to James Birdwell in Limestone Co Al, a farmer. He was a sober, steady man of good habits and of good family. Moses Birdwell, his father, acquainted with and know him to be a good citizen. James Birdwell came to Louisiana, east of the Red River in 1840 here he and Alitha died in a few years, having 3 daughters that had md. and 4 younger sons that were not grown. All was of good habits. I have not known anything of them for 40 years.

    Aletha R. Leonard was born about 1803 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, and died about 1845 in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana. Before 8 January 1820 in Limestone County, Alabama, she married James G., son of Moses Birdwell. Since Aletha is my direct ancestor, I’ve discussed her in detail previously.

    Hannah Leonard married William Fletcher of Limestone Co Al. He was a farmer and of good family. They left Alabama in the year 1834 to go to Arkansas, took cholera on the way, both died the same day leaving 4 small children who were provided for by their father’s relatives in Ark. Further is not known by me.

    Hannah Leonard was born about 1805 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, and died about 1834 en route with her family to Arkansas. Before 1830 in Limestone County, Alabama, she married William Fletcher.

    Milley Leonard married James Deavenport, a farmer. She lived but a few years, had 3 children. Deavenport moved to Polk Co, Tx. Further is not known.

    Milbury Leonard was born about 1807 in Pendleton District, South Carolina. She married James Davenport in Limestone County, Alabama, about 1830 and died several years later.

    I have not been able to find a clear record of James Davenport in Texas following Milbury’s death. If he’s the James Davenport who married Martha Jane Garrett on 21 December 1843 in Harrison County, Texas, then it appears that by a previous wife he had a son John William Davenport born 10 November 1832 in Alabama. Numerous online family trees give this James Davenport a first wife named Laurena Rogers and state that he married this wife in Alabama on 10 November 1829. I have not been able to find any record of this marriage. I’m inclined to think that the James Davenport who married Martha Jane Garrett in 1843 in Harrison County, Texas, and who had a son John William Davenport born in November 1832, is the James Davenport who married Milbury Leonard prior to 1830. I also do not find documentation of the middle name William that numerous family trees give this James Davenport. Harrison County is east of Cherokee, separated from Cherokee by the intervening county of Rusk.

    Syntha married Jonas Denton of Limestone Co Al. She had 2 children, after which he died in Limestone. Syntha md. John Blanton in Mississippi, then moved to Rusk, Texas. After the birth of several children, Blanton died leaving Syntha with a good home and comfortable surroundings. She has brought her family in good credit. I have seen them frequently through later years. She has 3 sons, one of which is married. Daughters have married, one of whom is in Calif. One of the Denton children died in childhood, the other married Charles Polk of Cherokee Co; he is an excellent citizen. Her life has been spent in discharge of all of those practical duties inculcated by her mother. Syntha is now age 74. In her it can be truly said, thou has well done thy duty to parents, thy husband, children, neighbors and God; come up higher and enjoy the mansions prepared for thee.

    Cynthia Leonard was born about 1810 in Lincoln County, Tennessee, and died about 1883 in Cherokee County, Texas. About 1828 in Limestone County, Alabama, she married Jonas Denton, who died before 26 August 1830 in Limestone County. Before 1842 in Mississippi, she married James Reuben Blanton, who died 21 July 1853 at Rusk in Cherokee County.

    Matilda Leonard married Cordy Claiborne Clifton of Limestone Co Al. energetic farmer and of good habits. He lived but a few years, had a few children. Matilda left Limestone and went to North Mississippi to live with a younger sister. I have no further tidings of her family.

    Matilda Caroline Leonard was born about 1811 in Lincoln County, Tennessee, and died in October or November 1866 in DeSoto County, Mississippi. On 12 July 1831 in Limestone County, Alabama, she married Cordy Clifton, who was born in 1810 in Spartanburg, South Carolina, and died 2 August 1851 in DeSoto County, Mississippi.

    Photocopies of a family bible belonging to Matilda and Cordy’s son Thomas Leonard Clifton and wife Rebecca Thomas Worthen preserved in DAR files show that Matilda’s full name as written in the bible was Matilda Caroline Leonard and Cordy’s was Cordy Claiborne Clifton.[1] A DAR deposition given on 12 June 1957 by Maude Clifton Johnson in Shelby County, Tennessee, also cites this bible record and state these full names for Matilda and Cordy. Maude Clifton Johnson’s DAR deposition states that this family bible was lost in a fire at the house of her sister Rebecca Thomas Clifton Weatherby in Mobile. Despite these records, Cordy Clifton’s full name is given in one published or online account of this family after another as Cordy Benjamin Clifton (see, e.g., here and here).

    Mariah Leonard married a Marmaduke Johnston of Cherokee Co, Tx. She lived but a few years. I know nothing of her children, if she had any.

    Maria W. Leonard was born 31 March 1814 in Lincoln County, Tennessee, and died 20 September 1848 in Cherokee County, Texas. On 6 August 1833 in Limestone County, Alabama, she married William Marmaduke Johnston. For more information about Maria and husband William Marmaduke Johnston, who married Martha Vinning in Cherokee County on 13 February 1851, see this previous posting.

    Minerva Leonard married Samuel Johnston of Limestone Co. He was of wealthy parents, who was of good standing. All their family were good old fashioned people. Samuel Johnston moved to No western Miss many years. Further, I know not.

    Minerva D. Leonard was born 4 March 1816 in Lincoln County, Tennessee, and died 8 January 1899 in DeSoto County, Mississippi. On 27 August 1835 in Limestone County, Alabama, she married Samuel Johnston, son of Joseph Johnston and Mary Darden. Samuel was born 8 December 1813 in Warren County, Georgia, and died 4 March 1887 in DeSoto County, Mississippi. Samuel and Minerva are buried in the Johnston family cemetery at Nesbit in DeSoto County.

    Alfred married Harriet McGawhaw of Cherokee Co. She lived but a years and died childless. Alfred lived in No Eastern, Texas.

    Alfred Murray Leonard was born 30 June 1821 in Limestone County, Alabama, and died 17 March 1890 in Somervell County, Texas. On 16 December 1847 in Cherokee County, Texas, he married Mary M. McGaughey. Following Mary’s death after 1860, Alfred married Sarah Ann Dodson on 8 October 1867 in Cherokee County. Alfred and Sarah are buried in Ward Branch cemetery at Glen Rose in Somervell County. Additional information about Alfred is found here.

    Thomas married in Alto, Cherokee Co, both died in a few years.

    Thomas Edwin Leonard was born about 1829 in Limestone County, Alabama. Thomas Dunlap Leonard states that Thomas E. Leonard married in Alto in Cherokee County, Texas, but does not name his wife. According to Thomas D. Leonard, both Thomas E. Leonard and his wife died in a few years after they married. The last certain record I’ve found for Thomas E. Leonard is a sale of property he made in Cherokee County on 28 January 1868.[2] I don’t find Thomas on the 1870 federal census, so it’s possible he died in Cherokee County between the January 1868 date and 1870.

    Martha, Sally, and Mahala died in early womanhood.

    Martha, Sarah, and Mahala Leonard all died in early womanhood, according to Thomas Dunlap Leonard. I have no further information about these three daughters of Thomas Lewis Leonard and Sarah M. Lauderdale. See this previous posting for a short discussion of Martha, Sarah, and Mahala.

    [1] See the genealogical forms for Maude Clifton and Thomas Leonard Clifton in Daughters of the American Revolution National Genealogical Records Committee, Genealogical Forms, Series 11, Volume 15 (1966).

    [2] Cherokee County, Texas, Deed Bk. T, p. 398.

    #AlethaRLeonard #AlfredMurrayLeonard #AltoCherokeeCoTexas #ancestry #CharlesTaylorPolk #CherokeeCoTexas #CordyClaiborneClifton #CynthiaLeonard #DeSotoCoMississippi #familyHistory #genealogy #HannahLeonard #HarrisonCoTexas #history #JamesDavenport #JamesGBirdwell #JamesReubenBlanton #JohnWilliamDavenport #JonasDenton #JosephJohnston #LimestoneCoAlabama #LincolnCoTennessee #MahalaLeonard #MariaWLeonard #MarthaJaneGarrett #MarthaLeonard #MaryDarden #MaryMMcGaughey #MatildaCarolineLeonard #MilburyLeonard #MinervaDLeonard #MosesBirdwell #NesbitDeSotoCoMississippi #PendletonDistSouthCarolina #RebeccaThomasWorthen #RuskCherokeeCoTexas #SamuelJohnston #SarahAnnDodson #SarahLeonard #SarahMLauderdale #ShelbyCoTennessee #SpartanburgSpartanburgCoSouthCarolina #ThomasEdwinLeonard #ThomasLeonardClifton #ThomasLewisLeonard #WarrenCoGeorgia #WilliamFletcher #WilliamMarmaduleJohnston
  3. Thomas Lewis Leonard (1781-1870), Son of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James: Nacogdoches and Cherokee County, Texas, Years, 1839-1870

    Certificate to Thomas Leonard for 320-acre headright grant, 5 September 1839, Texas General Land Office land grant file 1647, patent volume 9, patent number 595, certificate 138, available digitally at the website of Texas GLO

    Or, Subtitled: “Situated in Cherokee County on the waters of the River Neches north of the San Antonio Road and about 6½ miles SE from Rusk”

    So on to Texas, the final destination in the life journey of Thomas Lewis Leonard and wife Sarah Lauderdale: as the previous posting shows, on 6 May 1839 Thomas and Sarah sold their home tract of 660 acres in Limestone County, Alabama, to his brother John Leonard, and on 20 May, they both proved the deed.[1] It appears that soon after this date Thomas and Sarah moved with a number of their children to Nacogdoches (later Cherokee) County, Texas, where, on 5 September, Thomas made a headright claim at the office of the Nacogdoches County land commission for 320 acres of land (certificate no. 138), a tract granted to him on 3 June 1844.[2]

    Certificate to Thomas Leonard for 320-acre headright grant, 1 August 1841, Texas General Land Office land grant file 660, patent volume 5, patent number 496, certificate 139, available digitally at the website of Texas GLO Nacogdoches County, Texas, Board of Land Commissioners Records, file 23

    After 2 March 1836, Texas gave headright grants of 640 acres to heads of families who had immigrated to the Republic of Texas prior to 1 January 1842 and who became residents for at least three years. On 1 August 1841 at the office of the land commission of Houston County in Crockett, Thomas received another certificate (no. 139) for 320 acres, bringing the tally of his headright grant to the full 640 acres.[3] This piece of land was also granted to him on 3 June 1844. When Cherokee County was formed from Nacogdoches in July 1845, Thomas’ headright land fell into Cherokee.

    Cherokee County is in central east Texas, with its county seat, Rusk, lying 130 miles southeast of Dallas and 160 miles north of Houston. As John R. Ross notes, rapid settlement of what would become Cherokee County began in 1834.[4] The Houston-Forbes treaty of February 1836 assured the neutrality of the Cherokee living in this part of Texas, but increasing settlement of settlers of European descent resulted in violence, precipitating a massacre of members of the Killough family near present-day Jacksonville, Texas, on 5 October 1838. This sparked the Cherokee War of 1839 and the expulsion of all native Americans from the county, causing more settlers of European background to move into the county and claim land.

    As my first posting in this series about Thomas Lewis Leonard notes, the 1883 document entitled “Biography of the Leonards” composed by Thomas’ cousin Thomas Dunlap Leonard states that when Thomas and Sarah Lauderdale Leonard moved to Texas, they settled “near Alto where he opened a good farm.” Alto is a small town of some thousand residents about twelve miles southeast of the county seat, Rusk. It was laid out in 1849 on a drainage divide between the Angelina and Neches Rivers — hence its name meaning “high” in Spanish.

    Close-up of Joseph Martin’s 1851 map of Cherokee County prepared for Texas GLO, online in the collection, GLO Historic County Maps, at The Portal to Texas History site, a digital repository hosted by the UNT Libraries 1902 Texas GLO map of Cherokee County, online in the collection, GLO Historic County Maps, at The Portal to Texas History site, a digital repository hosted by the UNT Libraries Close-up from ibid.

    A number of maps of Cherokee County allow us to pinpoint precisely where Thomas’ two headright grants of 320 acres were located. Joseph Martin’s 1851 map of Cherokee County and a 1902 plat map of the county, both drawn for the General Land Office of Texas, show Thomas Linard with two tracts of 320 acres contiguous to each other, bordering Hiram Vansickle’s 1,467-acre survey to the west and bordered on the south by a headright grant tract belonging to Thomas’ son-in-law William Marmaduke Johnston.[5] The shape of the two tracts matches the plats for each 320-acre tract drawn on the surveys found in the GLO files for these two headright grants.

    1960 Texas Highway Department map of Cherokee County, available digitally in the Abilene Library Collection at the Portal to Texas History Google map of Cherokee County, Texas, with the location of Thomas Leonard’s 640-acre headright grant marked

    Surveys of both of Thomas Leonard’s 320-acre tracts dated 20 August 1845 state that the land was in Cherokee County on the waters of the River Neches, with the survey for the land granted by certificate 138 stating that it was north of the San Antonio Road and 6½ miles southeast of Rusk and the survey for the land granted by certificate 139 noting that it was about 6 miles south of Rusk. A map prepared in 1960 by the Planning Survey Division of Texas Highway Department and a Google map allow us to place these tracts south of Rusk and north of Alto, west of US highway 69 and just north of the junction of Manson Branch and Turkey Creek, which come together northwest of Alto to form Bowles Creek, a tributary of the Neches River.[6] As we’ll see in a moment, Vansickle’s grant (a portion of which Thomas bought), Bowles Creek, and the Neches River are all referenced in subsequent land records of Thomas Leonard in Cherokee County.

    According to Gifford White, who abstracted a number of Texas county tax lists for 1840 and published a book using those tax lists to create a “census” of Texas based on the tax lists, Thomas Linard appears on an 1840 tax list in Houston County taxed for 1,420 acres for which he had a complete title from the General Land Office, and fifteen enslaved people.[7] As I’ve just noted, Thomas obtained a certificate for 320 acres of headright land at the Houston County land office in August 1841, but that land was in Nacogdoches County and fell into Cherokee County in 1845.

    I have found no documents suggesting that Thomas Leonard lived or owned land in Houston County, which borders Cherokee on the northeast. As a previous posting states, the 1830 federal census shows Thomas with fourteen enslaved persons and one free man of color in his household, and the 1840 federal census enumerates the household of Thomas’ son-in-law James Birdwell in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, with fifteen enslaved persons who, I suspect, were Thomas Leonard’s property. So that information matches what Gifford White is reporting about this 1840 Houston County tax list — the original of which I have been unable to track down and read.

    Nacogdoches County, Texas, Deed Bk. G, pp. 110-1

    Thomas Leonard appears on an 1845 tax list in Nacogdoches County.[8] On 1 December 1845, Thomas filed three interesting documents. On that date, he sold land to his son-in-law Marmaduke Johnston, and then deeded enslaved persons and land to Marmaduke’s wife Maria, Thomas’ daughter, and land to his (i.e., Thomas’) wife Sarah.[9] The deeds to Maria Johnston and Sarah Leonard were deeds for love and affection — i.e., gifts deeded to these two family members. Since the land Thomas sold to his son-in-law Marmaduke Johnston and the land he deeded for love and affection to Sarah was not the land granted to Thomas as headright land — we know this because Thomas sold the two 320-acre headright tracts on 25 July 1848 and 24 June 1853 while retaining the land on which he was evidently living by 1845 — he had apparently purchased additional land from the Hiram Vansickle survey by this date. I do not have a deed for that land purchase.

    The deed for love and affection to wife Sarah states that Thomas was giving Sarah 538 acres bordering Hiram Vansickle’s survey (the land was actually a portion of 1,476 acres surveyed for Vansickle) and with Bowles Creek running through the land. Sarah was to have unhindered ownership and use of the property with its appurtenances. Thomas signed as Thomas Linard, and A. Gibson and Adolphus Sterne witnessed the deed. On 8 December, Thomas acknowledged the deed and it was recorded.  

    Nacogdoches County, Texas, Deed Bk. G, pp. 115-6

    Then on the same day, Thomas made a deed of gift to daughter Maria, naming her as Maria W., wife of Marmaduke Johns[t]on, two enslaved persons, Ransom aged nineteen and Patience aged nine. Thomas signed the deed with Absalom and James Gibson witnessing, with Thomas proving it on 8 December. On the same day, Thomas deeded to Maria for love and affection 200 acres on Bowles Creek with Absalom Gibson and Adolphus Sterne as witnesses.

    The curiosity of the deed of gift to Sarah Lauderdale Leonard is that it’s clear from other documents that Thomas and Sarah lived on the 538 acres he deeded over to Sarah in December 1845, and they may, in fact, have been living on this land even as Thomas placed it in his wife’s name. Thomas was taxed for this land consistently from 1849 forward, as we’ll see in a moment, and as we’ll also note, he sold his two headright grants on 25 July 1848 and 24 June 1853, an indicator that by 1848, he was definitely not living on the headright land. So why deed the land to wife Sarah when Thomas clearly maintained control of it — otherwise, he would not have been taxed for the land, but Sarah would have been?

    The best answer I can think of for this legal maneuver is that, as we’ve seen previously, Thomas was still being pursued for debt into the late 1840s by creditors he left back in Alabama when he made his move in 1839 to Texas. Perhaps he placed his home piece of land in his wife’s name to escape legal liability should creditors try to garnish or take the land to satisfy debts he had not paid in Alabama.

    Another possibility is that Thomas’ family members thought he was not managing his finances well and wanted the land out of his legal possession in order to protect it from being sold away. I suggest that possibility because, as we’ve seen previously (and here), precisely this sort of drama took place in Sarah Lauderdale Leonard’s family when she was a girl in Pendleton District, South Carolina, when her father John Lauderdale deeded his home tract of land in January 1795 to Sarah and her brother James, with the deed stating that he was taking that step because he had wasted and run through an inheritance given to them by their grandfather. As the two postings I’ve just linked indicate, it appears that this inheritance came to the two children from their maternal grandfather John Mauldin, and that members of the Mauldin family were leaning on John Lauderdale to place his land in his children’s name due to his profligate ways.

    A note about the three men who appear as witnesses to Thomas Leonard’s deeds in December 1845: Absalom Gibson (1804-1884) was a judge and surveyor in Nacogdoches and Cherokee Counties who came to Nacogdoches with his family from Tennessee in 1833 or 1835 and later lived in Angelina County.[10] James Gibson (1826-1899) was Absalom’s son.[11] The 1850 federal census shows the family of Absalom Gibson living next to that of Thomas Leonard’s son Alfred Murray Leonard in Cherokee County.

    Adolphus Sterne, portrait in Sterne-Hoya House Museum in Nacogdoches, Texas, online at website of Center for Regional Heritage Research of Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches

    Adolphus Sterne (1801-1852) was a German-born Jewish colonist and financier of the Texas Revolution, who was a merchant and legislator.[12] In 1847 he was elected to represent Nacogdoches in the House of Representatives of the Second Legislature. The Sterne-Hoya House Museum in Nacogdoches commemorates Sterne, his family, and his contributions to the history of Nacogdoches.

    According to researcher Nancy Breidenthal, on 31 December 1847, Thomas Leonard purchased property from his son A.M. (Alfred Murray) Leonard. This information appears in notes Nancy sent me a number of years ago, citing the deed index for Cherokee County, Texas, without stating a specific deed book or page number for this deed, and without providing details regarding the property Thomas purchased from his son.

    Thomas Leonard 25 July 1848 deed to John W. Young, Texas General Land Office land grant file 660, patent volume 5, patent number 496, certificate 139, available digitally at the website of Texas GLO

    On 25 July 1848, Thomas Leonard sold one of his two headright grants, the tract he had been granted by certificate no. 139.[13] He sold this land for $400 to John W. Young, with Absalom and George Gibson witnessing as he signed the deed. Absalom Gibson proved the deed on 16 October 1848 and it was recorded on 30 November. The original deed is filed with the Texas GLO for this tract of land.[14]

    Thomas’ daughter Maria W. Leonard Johnston died in Cherokee County on 20 September 1848.[15] After this, the probate minutes books of Cherokee County show ongoing litigation by Maria’s father Thomas that appears to have begun in December 1849. The litigation had to do with his appeal for guardianship of Maria’s children on the ground that Marmaduke Johnston was wasting their estate. Thomas was granted guardianship with no contestation on the part of Marmaduke Johnston, who remarried to Martha Vinning in Cherokee County on 13 February 1851. Probate minutes indicate that Maria died owning two enslaved persons (evidently Ransom and Patience named in Thomas’ December 1845 deed of gift to Maria) and 150-175 acres of land, and it appears that this property spurred Thomas Leonard’s litigation on behalf of her children Cornelia A., Alfred Thomas, Minerva E., William Edwin, and Mary Martha Elizabeth. Probate court minutes for 29 July 1852 show Thomas selling Ransom, the enslaved man he had deeded in 1845 to Maria, for the benefit of her heirs.

    Thomas appears on the on the 1849 tax list in Cherokee County as Thos. Leonard, taxed for 538 acres worth $1,076 granted to H. Vansickle in a grant for 1,476 acres, and thirteen enslaved persons worth $3,900, with six horses worth $130.[16] His son Alfred M. is listed long with his father, perhaps because the two were farming together, and has one enslaved person. The tax list also states that Thomas has 320 acres worth $160 granted to him — his remaining headright tract, that is.

    The 1850 tax list in Cherokee County shows Thomas Linard taxed for 593 acres, with a notation that this land was out of Hiram Vansickle’s survey of 1,476 acres.[17] The land is valued at $1,614. Thomas is also taxed for eleven enslaved persons valued at $3,850 and five horses valued at $300. Listed next to Thomas is his son Thomas E. Linard, with no property recorded; it appears the two were farming together. Thomas Edwin Leonard was twenty-one years of age in 1850. On the same page is Thomas’ son Alfred M. Linard taxed for 593 acres out of Hiram Vansickle’s tract and 320 acres — that is, Alfred is taxed for the same land for which his father is also taxed. This tax list offers further evidence that Thomas and his son Alfred may have co-owned the land he (or they?) had purchased from Hiram Vansickle’s survey. Alred M. Linard is also taxed for two enslaved persons.

    Thomas Leonard 24 June 1853 deed to William C. Moore, Texas General Land Office land grant file 1647, patent volume 9, patent number 595, certificate 138, available digitally at the website of Texas GLO

    NOTE: The following is out of chronological order, because I misread the year 1853 as 1850 in the deed above when I composed this posting. I cannot move this material to the correct place in the narrative without messing up the footnotes: On 24 June 1853, Thomas Leonard sold his remaining piece of headright land to William C. Moore for $320, with Absalom and James Gibson witnessing as he signed as Thomas Linard.[18] James Gibson proved the deed 9 July 1853 and it was recorded on the 12th. Later in 1850 on 8 November, Thomas sold property to A.B. (Andrew Bogle) Criswell (1814-1864), who had come to Cherokee County from Talladega County, Alabama.[19]

    The 1850 federal census enumerates Thomas Leonard in Cherokee County.[20] The census shows only two members of the household, Thomas himself and his son Thomas E., whose name is given as Thomas A. Thomas elder is aged 69, a farmer born in Maryland with real property valued at $3,000. Thomas A. is aged 21, is a farmer, and was born in Alabama. Sarah Lauderdale Leonard is enumerated in the household of the family living next to Thomas Leonard and his son: she’s listed as Elizabeth Leonard, aged 64, born in Georgia, in the household of Peter and Patience King.[21] Note that Elizabeth’s age and place of birth match the documented date and place of birth of Thomas Leonard’s wife Sarah M. Lauderdale.

    It’s not clear to me why Thomas’ wife Sarah would be living apart from him in 1850 in the household of a seemingly unrelated family next-door to her husband. By 1860, the federal census shows Thomas and wife Sarah living together again in the household of son Alfred, so if this was some sort of separation, it appears to have been temporary. It does make me wonder all over again about Thomas’ deed of gift of his land in December 1845 to Sarah — when one document after another shows him continuing to own and control and be taxed for this land after 1845.

    The 1850 federal slave schedule shows Thomas, whose name appears to be spelled Thos. Leinard, owning eleven enslaved people in Cherokee County, males aged 54, 30, 19, 10, 4, and females aged 35 (two), 20, 17, 6, and 2.[22] All are listed as black. Listed next to Thomas on this slave schedule is William Marmaduke Johnston with two enslaved persons.

    The 1850 agricultural schedule enumerates Thomas in Cherokee County with 100 acres of improved land and 400 unimproved acres, and a farm valued at $3,000, with machines and tools valued at $400, six horses, nine milk cows, four oxen, twenty other cattle, and sixty swine.[23] The livestock are valued at $600. The farm has produced in the last year 1,000 bushels of corn, twenty-four bales of ginned cotton @400 pounds per bale, 200 bushels of peas and beans, 100 bushels of sweet potatoes, and 300 pounds of butter. It has also produced homemade manufactures valued at $50, with slaughtered animals valued at $100. Listed next to Thomas is P. King in whose household wife Sarah appears to be living in 1850.

    In 1851, Thomas Leonard is taxed in Cherokee County, TX, for 538 acres worth $1,200 granted to H. Vansickle, and 205 acres worth $410 granted to James T. Cook, 14 Negroes worth $6,600 and 6 horses worth $350.

    On 5 February 1853, Thomas bought property in Cherokee County from A.B. Criswell.[24] I have no further details about this deed record. On Thomas’ sale of his remaining 320-acre headright grant in June 1853, see above.

    In 1853, Thomas appears as Thomas Lenard Sr. on the Cherokee County tax list, taxed for 538 acres worth $1,200 from the Vansickle tract, and for 205 acres worth $400 originally granted to James T. Cook.[25] Thomas is also taxed for twelve enslaved persons worth $5,600 and five horses worth $350. In addition, as guardian of the heirs of M. Johns[t]on, Thomas is taxed for 200 acres of land valued at $400 out of the Vansickle grant, along with an enslaved person valued at $600. I suspect this is Patience, who had been deeded to Maria Leonard Johnston as a deed of gift by Thomas in December 1845. Next to Thomas on the tax list is his son Alfred Murray Leonard, taxed for 600 acres of Vansickle land valued at $1,200 and two enslaved persons also valued at $1,200.

    As has been noted previously, the 1855 tax list for Cherokee County gives Thomas a middle name: he appears on this tax list as Thomas Lewis Linard, and is taxed for 400 acres worth $1,800 from the Vansickle tract, along with eleven enslaved persons worth $5,000 and five horses worth $250.[26] Thomas is also taxed again as guardian of his daughter Maria’s children for 400 acres of Vansickle land and one enslaved person. Next to him is his son Thomas, listed as junior, with no taxable property; he is obviously farming with his father. Also taxed beside Thomas Sr. and Jr. is A.M. (Alfred Murray) Leonard, who is taxed for 428 acres of Vansickle land and 265 acres from James T. Cook, as well as three enslaved persons.

    The 1860 federal census enumerates Thomas and wife Sarah in the Cherokee County household of their son Alfred and wife Mary M. McGaughey Leonard.[27] Thomas is aged 79, a farmer born in Maryland. Wife S.M. is 75, born in Georgia. Both are literate. As household head, A.M. Leonard has a real worth of $2,560 and personal worth of $9,423. It’s clear to me that in his advanced years, by 1860, Thomas had turned over management of his farm and property to his son Alfred. The 1860 slave schedule for Cherokee County lists Thomas with one enslaved person, a boy aged six, and shows his son A.M. Leonard (next to Thomas) with twelve enslaved persons: the eleven enslaved persons of Thomas in 1850 have now become twelve enslaved persons listed in the name of his son Alfred.[28]

    The deduction that Alfred is now managing his father’s farm is reinforced by the 1860 agricultural schedule for Cherokee County, which lists only A.M. Leonard, and has no listing for his father Thomas.[29] A.M. Leonard has 150 acres of improved land and 170 acres unimproved, with the land valued at $2,560. The agricultural schedule shows Thomas and his son Alfred continuing to operate a robust farm — with the labor of enslaved people, obviously. The farm has three horses, four mules, sixteen milk cows, three working oxen, fifty other cattle, fifteen sheep, and fifty swine, all valued at $915. In the past year, it produced sixty bushels of wheat, 1,500 bushels of corn, twenty bushels of oats, fourteen bales of ginned cotton @400 pounds per bale, and fifty pounds of wool. It also raised twenty bushels of peas and beans, eight bushels of Irish potatoes, forty bushels of sweet potatoes, and produced 100 pounds of butter, twelve pounds of beeswax and twelve of honey, with slaughtered animals valued at $50.

    Found next to the family of A.M. Leonard on the 1860 census, and also on both the slave and agricultural schedules is his brother Thomas E. Leonard. Thomas E. has a real worth of $2,360 and personal worth of $730. In his household are two small children, a daughter S.E. and son A.M., whose name was probably Alfred Murray Leonard. Also in the household is his niece Mary Martha Elizabeth Johnston, daughter of his sister Maria. The 1860 slave schedule shows him with one enslaved person. The entry for him on the 1850 agricultural schedule next to his brother Alfred is crossed through and only partly filled in.

    Thomas Leonard’s listing in 1870 federal mortality schedule, Cherokee County, Texas

    The 1870 mortality schedule for Cherokee County shows Thomas dying in October of that year of typhoid fever.[30] His age is given as 87, and his place of birth (erroneously) as South Carolina. This document indicates that Thomas was living in household 470 in beat 2 at the time of his death; the federal census for that year shows that this was the household of his daughter Cynthia, widow of James Reuben Blanton.

    I have not found precise information about when Sarah Lauderdale Leonard died. Thomas Dunalp Leonard’s 1883 manuscript “Biography of the Leonards” says, “Sarah died several years before him.” A communication that researcher Nancy Breidenthal sent me on 20 September 1998 states that she had been in touch with a descendant of Thomas and Sarah who thought that Sarah died about 1866 in Cherokee County. Since Sarah does not appear on the 1870 federal census, it does seem that she died in the decade 1860-1870, and likely predeceased Thomas.

    I have not been able to find any information about where Thomas and Sarah might be buried, and can find no estate records for Thomas. A prefatory note to Helen Woodell Crawford’s Early Probates and Wills of Cherokee County, Texas says that her book was compiled from the original old probate and will papers of the county, many of which were never listed in the probate books.[31]  Crawford notes that during the early 1970s, several hundred of these papers were apparently stolen before her work was completed. Her book lists no Leonard estates.

    Thomas Dunalp Leonard’s “Biography of the Leonards” states that Thomas and Sarah Lauderdale Leonard “lived to see all but two of their children buried, namely Syntha and Alfred,” and that the couple “lived many years as consistent members of the Baptist Church, as did the greater part of their children.” As we’ve seen previously, Thomas and Sarah belonged to Round Island Baptist church in Limestone County, Alabama, before they made to Texas, but church minutes show both being excluded from membership in the early 1820s. I have no further record of their church connections.

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard, who continued his close ties to the family of his uncle Thomas Leonard after his father Robert Leonard moved to Nacogdoches (later Cherokee) County, Texas, in 1840,[32] says the following about Thomas, his wife Sarah, and their children:

    Thomas’ daughters all married in Limestone Co Al. He brought up an excellent family. He was one of Limestone’s best citizens, no man stood higher as a good man than Thomas Leonard. His wife was his equal in all duties of a companion. She by her example and precepts impressed her good qualities on her daughters so firmly as to prepare them for all the duties of a companion. I had the acquaintance and have been in all their families and know them to be excellent ladies. They in turn taught their children to recognize all those hightoned principles that constitute good citizens and christians.

    In a subsequent posting, I’ll provide information about the children of Thomas and Sarah Lauderdale Leonard.

    [1] Limestone County, Alabama, Deed Bk. 5, pp. 567-8.

    [2] See Texas General Land Office land grant file 1647, patent volume 9, patent number 595, certificate 138, available digitally at the website of Texas GLO. See also Nacogdoches County, Texas, Board of Land Commissioners Records, files 24A-B; and Carolyn R. Ericson, Nacogdoches Headrights 1838-1848 (New Orleans: Polyanthos, 1977), p. 38. The land records show Jacob Gregg and William Watson witnessing Thomas’ application for a land certificate. Both were early settlers of Houston County, Texas, the Greggs arriving there in 1837 from Illinois and settling near the Neches River and San Antonio road.

    [3] See Texas General Land Office land grant file 660, patent volume 5, patent number 496, certificate 139, available digitally at the website of Texas GLO. See also Nacogdoches County, Texas, Board of Land Commissioners Records, files 23, 24C.

    [4] John R. Ross, “Cherokee County, Texas: History, Geography, and Economy,” Handbook of Texas, a site maintained by the Texas State Historical Association.

    [5] Digital copies of Joseph Martin’s 1851 map and the 1902 Texas GLO map are available online the collection, GLO Historic County Maps, at The Portal to Texas History site, a digital repository hosted by the UNT Libraries.

    [6] The 1960 Texas Highway Department map of Cherokee County is available digitally in the Abilene Library Collection at the Portal to Texas History. On Bowles Creek, see Anonymous, “Bowles Creek (Cherokee County),” Handbook of Texas Online, maintained by the Texas State Historical Association.

    [7] Gifford White, 1840 Census of the Republic of Texas (Austin: Pemberton, 1966), p. 79.

    [8] On the 1845 tax list, see Pauline Shirley Murrie, Early Records of Nacogdoches County, Texas (Waco: 1965), p. 20, citing p. 16 of the original.

    [9] My notes for the deed to Marmaduke Johnston, which came to me from Nancy Breidenthal, say that this deed is filed in Cherokee County, Texas, Deed Bk. G, p. 58. The deeds of gift to Thomas’ wife Sarah and daughter Maria Johnston are in Nacogdoches County, Texas, Deed Bk. G, pp. 110-1, 115-6. I do not have a copy of the deed to Marmaduke Johnston and know no details about it. Because records for both Nacogdoches and Cherokee Counties are locked at the FamilySearch site, I cannot consult the original records. I do have photocopies of the deeds of gift to Sarah Linard and Maria Johnston. If it’s correct that the deed to Marmaduke Johnston is in Cherokee County Deed Bk. G while the two deeds of gift are in Nacogdoches County Deed Bk. G, I cannot account for the fact that these instruments are filed in two different counties, especially when one notes that Cherokee County was separated from Nacogdoches in July 1845, and this land (and the enslaved people named in the deed of gift to Maria) were in Cherokee County.

    [10] See Frank W. Johnson, A History of Texas and Texans, vol. 5 (Chicago: American Historical Society, 1914), p. 2588; and Joyce Beasley Starling, “Absalom Gibson,” in Cherokee County History, ed. Cherokee County History (Jacksonville, Texas, 2001), p. 282. Absalom is buried in Crawford cemetery at Lufkin, Angelina County.

    [11] James Gibson is buried in Largent cemetery at Lufkin, Angelina County.

    [12] See Archie P. McDonald, “Sterne, Nicholas Adolphus: Financier of the Texas Revolution and Influential Legislator,” at Handbook of Texas, a site maintained by the Texas State Historical Association; “Adolphus Sterne,” at Wikipedia; and “Adolphus Sterne,” at Center for Regional Heritage Research of Stephen F. Austin State University in Nacogdoches.

    [13] Cherokee County, Texas, Deed Bk. B, p. 298.

    [14] See supra, n. 3.

    [15] I have scanned copies of the register of the bible of William Marmaduke Johnston and Maria W. Leonard, sent to me in February 2005 by their descendant Sarah Jane Brown. The bible register gives their dates of birth, marriage, and death, with similar information for some of their children. I do not know who presently owns this bible.

    [16] 1849 tax roll, Cherokee County, Texas, unpaginated, arranged alphabetically and available digitally at FamilySearch.

    [17] 1850 tax roll, Cherokee County, Texas, p. 16A, available digitally at FamilySearch.

    [18] Cherokee County, Texas, Deed Bk. H, pp. 322-3. The original deed is in the Texas GLO file for this tract of land, certificate no. 139: see supra, n. 2. On William C. Moore, see Mrs. James E. Bishop, “William C. Moore and Elizabeth Younge Moore,” in Cherokee County History, p. 419.

    [19] Cherokee County, Texas, Deed Bk. E, p. 115; I’m citing research notes of Nancy Breidenthal that do not specify what the property Thomas was selling was. Andrew Bogle Criswell is buried in Cedar Grove cemetery in Kaufman County, Texas.

    [20] 1850 federal census, Cherokee County, Texas, p. 876 (family/dwelling 474; 7 November).

    [21] Ibid., family/dwelling 473.

    [22] 1850 federal slave schedule, Cherokee County, Texas, unpaginated, 16 November.

    [23] 1850 federal agricultural schedule, Cherokee County, Texas (p. 153, no. 31, 2 November).

    [24] Cherokee County, Texas, Deed Bk. H, p. 283.

    [25] 1853 tax roll, Cherokee County, Texas, p. 19A, available digitally at FamilySearch.

    [26] 1855 tax roll, Cherokee County, Texas, p. 25A, available digitally at FamilySearch.

    [27] 1860 federal census, Cherokee County, Texas, beat 1, Rusk post office, p. 411 (family/dwelling 27, 4 June).

    [28] 1860 federal slave schedule, Cherokee County, Texas, p. 1 (4 June).

    [29] 1860 federal agricultural schedule, Cherokee County, Texas, p. 1.

    [30] 1870 federal mortality schedule, Cherokee County, Texas, beat 2, p. 1. Mary Smith Fay, War of 1812 Veterans in Texas (New Orleans : Polyanthos, 1979), p. 192, notes Thomas Leonard’s death in Texas in 1870, stating that he was born in 1781 in Maryland. She gives his wife’s name (erroneously) as Lara Lauderdale. Fay is apparently citing

    Eleanor Henrietta Stevens Galvin, 1812 Ancestor Index, 1892-1970: National Society United States Daughters of 1812 (Norcross, Georgia: Harper, 1970).

    [31] Helen Wooddell Crawford, Early Probates and Wills of Cherokee County, Texas (Jacksonville, Texas, 1983).

    [32] Abstract of Land Claims Compiled from the Records of the General Land Office of the State of Texas (Galveston: Civilian Book Office, 1852) shows Thomas Lineard with 320 acres in Cherokee County, survey 164 on the Neches River, and Robert Lineard also with 320 acres in Cherokee County on the Neches River, with no survey number given.

    #AbsalomGibson #AdolphusSterne #AlfredMurrayLeonard #AlfredThomasJohnston #AltoCherokeeCoTexas #ancestry #AndrewBogleCriswell #BowlesCreekCherokeeCoTexas #CherokeeCoTexas #CorneliaAJohnston #CrockettHoustonCoTexas #CynthiaLeonard #EnslavedPersonPatience #EnslavedPersonRansom #familyHistory #genealogy #GeorgeGibson #HiramVansickle #history #HoustonCoTexas #JacksonvilleCherokeeCoTexas #JacobGregg #JamesGBirdwell #JamesGibson #JamesTCook #JohnLauderdale #JohnLeonard #JohnMauldin #JohnWYoung #LimestoneCoAlabama #MariaWLeonard #MarthaVinning #MaryMarthaElizabethJohnston #MinervaEJohnston #NacogdochesCoTexas #NacogdochesNacogdochesCoTexas #NechesRiverTexas #PendletonDistSouthCarolina #PeterKing #RuskCherokeeCoTexas #SarahMLauderdale #TalladegaCoAlabama #Texas #ThomasDunlapLeonard #ThomasEdwinLeonard #ThomasLenard #ThomasLeonard #ThomasLewisLeonard #ThomasLinard #ThomasLinnard #WilliamCMoore #WilliamEdwinJohnston #WilliamMarmaduleJohnston #WilliamWatson
  4. Aletha R. Leonard (abt. 1803 – abt. 1845), Wife of James G. Birdwell

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard, “Biography of the Leonards” (manuscript transcribed as typescript, 1883)

    Or, Subtitled: “That James Birdwell and Lethe Birdwell his wife have both departed this life”

    With my last posting about James Lauderdale (abt. 1707 – 1796/7), I’ve drawn to a close, for now at least, my series of postings on my Lauderdale family line. With this posting, I’m inaugurating a new series about another of my ancestral lines, one that ties into the Lauderdale line through the marriage of Thomas Lewis Leonard and Sarah M. Lauderdale. Two charts at my initial posting in my Lauderdale series show my descent from that marriage through Thomas and Sarah’s daughter Aletha R. Leonard (abt. 1803 – abt. 1845), who married James G. Birdwell, son of Moses Birdwell about 1819 in Limestone County, Alabama. (To read the rest of this posting, please click the numeral 2 below.)

    I’m now going to turn my attention to the Leonard ancestral line. I’m beginning my series on that family line by talking about Aletha Leonard. In addition to the postings I’ve linked in the paragraph above, you can find information about Aletha in two postings I’ve made previously about her husband James G. Birdwell:

    James G. Birdwell (1795-1849): Georgia and Alabama Years

    James G. Birdwell (1795-1849): Louisiana Years

    First a note about Aletha’s given name: it appears in various documents as Aletha, Alitha, Lethe, and Leatha, the latter two renditions obviously nicknames. According to E.G. Withycombe, the given name Alethea or Alithea is the English transliteration of the Greek word for “truth,” and was used as a given name in England from the 17th century.[1] Withycombe notes that the name has been spelled in various ways in the centuries in which it’s been used as a female surname in the British Isles and elsewhere. 

    George R. Stewart’s American Given Names has essentially the same information, though Stewart says, curiously, that Alethea “may not actually exist in the American name-pool.”[2] If Stewart means to say that this specific spelling — Alethea — hasn’t been common in the US, he might be correct. But with the spelling Aletha, this name has frequently been used in the US as a female given name: the 1850 federal census lists 342 Alethas (a few with the census taker spelling the name Eletha). This given name has been far from uncommon in American families. Aletha Leonard Birdwell’s grandmother Milbury Mauldin Lauderdale had a sister Frances (husband Burgess Reeves) who named a daughter Aletha, and in that family line, the given name passes down repeatedly. I suspect that the name Aletha came to Thomas Lewis Leonard and wife Sarah M. Lauderdale, in fact, from Sarah’s aunt Frances Mauldin Reeves. Her Aletha was born in 1785, and this family lived in Pendleton District, South Carolina, as did Thomas and Sarah for the first years of their marriage, in which their daughter Aletha, their oldest child, was born.

    In the first of the two postings about James G. Birdwell for which I’ve provided links above, I cite an 1883 manuscript written by a first cousin of Aletha Leonard Birdwell’s father Thomas Lewis Leonard, which contains a piece of biographical information about James Birdwell and wife Aletha Leonard. As that posting explains, the primary author of this manuscript, which is entitled “Biography of the Leonards,” was Thomas Dunlap Leonard (1810-1888), a son of Robert Leonard, a brother of Aletha’s father Thomas Lewis Leonard. About James Birdwell and Aletha Leonard, Thomas Dunlap Leonard has the following to say:

    Thomas and Sally Leonard’s oldest child, a daughter named Alitha was born in So Carolina about the year 1803. She was married to James Birdwell in Limestone Co Al, a farmer. He was a sober, steady man of good habits and of good family. Moses Birdwell, his father, I was well acquainted with and know him to be a good citizen. James Birdwell came to Louisiana, east of the Red River in 1840 where he and Alitha died in a few years, having 3 daughters that had md. and 4 younger sons that were not gôrwn [sic] All was of good habits. I have not known anything of then for 40 years.

    As the previously linked posting indicates, Thomas Dunlap Leonard’s manuscript was at some point transcribed as a typescript (of 28 single-spaced pages) and that’s the only format in which I’ve read it, as it has circulated for years among Leonard researchers. Thomas completed the manuscript in 1883 while living with his cousin Elizabeth Frances Leonard Norris in Waller County, Texas, and after this, Joseph J. Gill, husband of Thomas’ first cousin Angelina Moore, made some brief additions to the work in 1884. I have been unable to find the whereabouts of the original.

    The manuscript notes that Thomas D. Leonard grew up in Tennessee knowing his grandparents Thomas Leonard (1752-1832) and Hannah James (1752-1842), both of whom died after he had grown to manhood. Thomas and Hannah, both native Marylanders, moved their family with Thomas’ mother Honor Pritchard Leonard from South Carolina to Lincoln County, Tennessee, in or about 1808, settling near what is now the town of Petersburg in Marshall County, which was formed from Lincoln. Thomas D. Leonard’s manuscript gathers information about this Leonard family from the generation of the immigrant ancestors Robert Leonard and wife Honor Pritchard, noting that Robert was an English soldier who lived in Maryland and was killed during the Revolution (as a Maryland soldier) at the battle of Camden in August 1780.

    It’s clear that much of the information about the immigrant generation of this Leonard family recorded by Thomas D. Leonard comes from oral history his grandfather Thomas Leonard, son of Robert and Honor Leonard, and his grandmother Hannah shared with him. Information on subsequent generations seems to have been carefully compiled by Thomas D. Leonard over the course of his life as he lived among, interacted with and visited, and corresponded with far-flung branches of this Leonard family. In comparing what Thomas D. Leonard says about the various lines of this Leonard family with documented sources, I’ve found that his history is remarkably reliable. He knew the people he was talking about, and knew them well.

    In the case of Thomas D. Leonard’s uncle Thomas Lewis Leonard, father of Aletha Leonard Birdwell, not only did Thomas live near his uncle’s family in Tennessee, but Thomas D.’s father Robert Leonard followed his brother Thomas Lewis Leonard in moving from Tennessee to north Alabama, and Thomas D. Leonard knew the family of his uncle Thomas Lewis Leonard in Alabama, too.

    As noted in a previous posting, Thomas D. Leonard’s manuscript states that his uncle Thomas and wife Sarah M. Lauderdale moved their family from South Carolina to Tennessee in 1806. I find this family in the records of Pendleton District, South Carolina, where Thomas and Sarah’s daughter Aletha was born about 1803, up to 1808. Immediately following the Revolution, the widowed mother of the Leonard family, Honor Pritchard Leonard, moved from Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland, to Pendleton District, South Carolina, with her sons, including Thomas Leonard (1752-1832) and wife Hannah James. As we’ve seen, in about 1800 in Pendleton District, Thomas and Hannah’s son Thomas Lewis Leonard (1781-1780), father of Aletha Leonard, married Sarah M. Lauderdale, a daughter of John Lauderdale and Milbury Mauldin, who was born in Wilkes County, Georgia. Thomas D. Leonard’s manuscript notes that after moving from South Carolina to Tennessee, in 1818 Thomas Lewis Leonard then moved his family to Limestone County, Alabama.

    Aletha Leonard spent the first few years of her life, then, living in Pendleton District, South Carolina, then spent her girlhood in what was then Lincoln County, Tennessee, and later Marshall County, and during her teen years, her father moved the family from Tennessee to Limestone County, Alabama, where Aletha married James G. Birdwell prior to 8 January 1820.

    Deed of Thomas Leonard (Linard) to James Birdwell, Limestone County, Alabama, Deed Bk. 5, p. 107

    Aletha and husband James Birdwell lived the first several years of their married life in Limestone County, having four children born to them in that county: Elvira, Hannah, John B., and Dewitt Clinton Birdwell. In 1830, James and Aletha moved their family to Jackson County, Alabama, which had been created from the Cherokee Cession in 1819 and joins Madison County on the east. During the years they spent in Jackson County from 1831-6, on 9 May 1836 in Limestone County, Aletha’s father Thomas Leonard deeded to James Birdwell for love and affection an enslaved boy named Alexander, nine years old.[3] The deed of gift states that James was Thomas’ son-in-law through marriage to Thomas’ daughter, whose name appears as Leatha here. Thomas proved the deed on the day it was made before John Gammel Lauderdale, a justice of the peace who was his brother-in-law, brother of Thomas’ wife Sarah M. Lauderdale.

    Deed of James and Aletha Birdwell to John Kirkland, Marshall County, Alabama, Deed Bk. B, pp. 55-6

    While living in Jackson County, James and Aletha Birdwell had three more children born to them: Thomas, Camilla, and Frances C. From 1836 to 1839, James and Aletha Birdwell lived in Marshall County, Alabama, which was formed in 1836 from Blount and Jackson Counties and the Creek Cession. On 30 November 1839 in Marshall County, James and wife Aletha sold to John Kirkland tracts of land that James’ father Moses Birdwell had patented in Jackson County in 1830, which had fallen into Marshall County at that county’s formation.[4] This land appears to have come into James’ hands due to a debt Moses had incurred to his son James. The deed suggests to me that James and Aletha had probably been living on and farming this land since the first part of the 1830s. This document was signed by James and Aletha, James signing and Aletha (who is called Letha R. Birdwell in the deed) making her mark. The deed states that James and Aletha were in Madison County at the time it was made.

    It’s clear to me that, with this land sale and their temporary relocation to Madison County, James and Aletha were in the process of moving their family to Louisiana when they sold their Alabama land. As noted previously, Thomas Dunlap Leonard says that the Birdwell family moved to Louisiana from Alabama in 1840. Prior to James and Aletha’s sale of their Marshall County land in November 1839, in May 1839, Aletha’s father Thomas Lewis Leonard had sold his land in Limestone County, Alabama, and moved to Texas, with court records stating that he had “absconded” from the county in May 1839 – that is, he left debts behind. GTT — Gone to Texas— the deed and court books of north Alabama counties often note in this period when planters ruined by the economic bust of the first part of the 1830s upped stakes and went west, frequently leaving unresolved debts .…

    As we’ve seen previously, the 1840 federal census confirms Thomas Dunlap Leonard’s information that by 1840 the family of James Birdwell had settled east of the Red River in Louisiana. This census enumerates the family in Natchitoches Parish, which was, in 1840, a large parish in northwest Louisiana through which the Red River ran. As the posting I’ve just linked states, all indicators suggest that James Birdwell settled his family in a portion of Natchitoches Parish that in 1870 became Red River Parish, and whose western boundary is the Red River.

    The 1840 census shows James Birdwell’s family with two males 5-9, one male 10-14, and one male 40-49, as well as one female under 5, one female 5-9, two females 15-19, and one female 30-39.[5]  Also in the household are fifteen enslaved persons, one male under 10, two males 10-24, one male 24-36, two males 36-55, three females under 10, two females 10-24, two females 24-36, one female 36-55, and one female 55-100.

    I’ve puzzled over this census enumeration of fifteen enslaved persons in James Birdwell’s household in 1840. The 1830 federal census shows him holding no enslaved people. As we’ve seen, in 1836, Aletha’s father deeded an enslaved boy named Alexander to James and Aletha, and the combined succession record of James and Aletha in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, dating from 1850, shows only one enslaved person in the estate, a boy named Benton.

    As I’ve thought about the listing of fifteen enslaved persons in James Birdwell’s household in 1840, I’ve realized that the 1830 federal census listing for Thomas Lewis Leonard in Limestone County, Alabama, shows Thomas holding fourteen enslaved persons, with one free man of color also found in the household.[6] Then in 1840, after Thomas Lewis Leonard had arrived in Texas, the 1840 census of the Republic of Texas shows Thomas settled in Houston (later Cherokee) County, Texas, with 1,420 acres of land and fifteen enslaved persons.[7] Thomas Leonard sold his Alabama land in May 1839 and James Birdwell followed suit in November 1839. I suspect the two families went west together, or Thomas preceded his son-in-law James Birdwell and wife Aletha by a few months, settling in what would become Cherokee County where he and wife Sarah M. Lauderdale Leonard would die. For whatever reason, it seems to me that the enslaved persons of Thomas Lewis Leonard were placed in the hands of James Birdwell in Louisiana until both families were fully settled in their new homeplaces.

    Hardin Harville’s appeal to administer succession of James and Aletha Leonard Birdwell, 2 April 1850, DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, succession file no. 159;

    Thomas D. Leonard states that both James and wife Aletha died “in a few years” after they moved to Louisiana in 1840. As a previous posting notes, James’ death is recorded in the 1850 federal mortality schedule for DeSoto Parish, which states that he died in that parish of cholera in December 1849.[8] On 2 April 1850, Hardin Harville, husband of James and Aletha’s daughter Hannah, filed an appeal to administer the combined succession of James and Aletha in DeSoto Parish.[9] The appeal for administration states that James Birdwell had recently died in DeSoto Parish and that his wife Lethe had predeceased him, dying in Natchitoches Parish.

    It appears that Aletha died around the time of the birth of her last child, Mary Ann, who was born in 1845. It’s possible, I think, that Aletha died giving birth to Mary Ann, though I have no information to prove (or disprove) that deduction. Between 1845-8, James then moved to DeSoto Parish, where, as stated above, he died in December 1849.

    Note of permission by John Birdwell for marriage of sister Camilla to Ezekiel S. Green, Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, 1 January 1853 (loose-papers marriage file, Pointe Coupee Parish)

    While James Birdwell and wife Aletha were living in Natchitoches Parish, their last two children, daughters Sophronia and Mary Ann, were born. Thomas Dunlap Leonard says that James and Aletha had four sons. I’ve found documentary evidence of only three sons, and have concluded that Thomas D. Leonard is mistaken in thinking there was a fourth son. James and Aletha’s combined succession file lists six minor children including DeWitt Clinton Birdwell born about 1831) and Thomas (born 18 June 1832). We know that John B. Birdwell (who was born 1 July 1828) was also a son of James Birdwell and Aletha Leonard, because, when his sister Camilla married Ezekiel Samuel Green in Pointe Coupee Parish on 2 January 1853, John wrote a permission note, as head of her family, for Camilla’s marriage on 1 January, stating that Camilla was his sister.

    The 1830 federal census shows only one male under five in the household of James and Aletha Birdwell in Limestone County, Alabama.[10] This is clearly their son John. As we’ve just seen, the 1840 census enumerates in James Birdwell’s household in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, two males 5-9, and one male 10-14. These are John B. again with his two younger brothers Dewitt Clinton and Thomas. As far as I can determine, there were no other sons than these three born to James Birdwell and Aletha Leonard.

    [1] E.G. Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 12.

    [2] George R. Stewart, American Given Names ((New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 54.

    [3] Limestone County, Alabama, Deed Bk. 5, p. 107. Thomas Leonard’s surname is given as Linard in this deed.

    [4] Marshall County, Alabama, Deed Bk. B, pp. 55-6.

    [5] 1840 federal census, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, p. 173.

    [6] 1830 federal census, Limestone County, Alabama, p. 11B.

    [7] See Gifford White, 1840 Census of the Republic of Texas (Austin: Pemberton, 1966), p. 79.

    [8] 1850 federal mortality schedule, DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, p. 168, l. 11.

    [9] DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, succession file no. 159; and DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, Succession Bk. D, pp. 643-650.

    [10] 1830 federal census, Limestone County, Alabama, p. 42A.

    #AlethaLeonard #AlethaRLeonard #ancestry #AngelinaMoore #BattleOfCamdenSouthCarolina #BlountCoAlabama #BurgessReeves #CamillaBirdwell #CherokeeCoTexas #DeSotoPshLouisiana #DewittClintonBirdwell #ElizabethFrancesLeonard #ElviraBirdwell #EnslavedBoyAlexander #EnslavedBoyBenton #EzekielSamuelGreen #familyHistory #FrancesCBirdwell #FrancesMauldin #genealogy #HannahBirdwell #HannahJames #HardinHarville #history #HonorPritchard #HoustonCoTexas #JacksonCoAlabama #JamesGBirdwell #JohnBBirdwell #JohnGammelLauderdale #JohnKirkland #JosephJGill #LimestoneCoAlabama #LincolnCoTennessee #MarshallCoAlabama #MarshallCoTennessee #MaryAnnBirdwell #MilburyMauldin #NatchitochesPshLouisiana #PendletonDistSouthCarolina #PetersburgMarshallCoTennessee #RobertLeonard #SarahMLauderdale #SharpsburgWashingtonCoMaryland #SophroniaBirdwell #ThomasBirdwell #ThomasDunlapLeonard #ThomasLeonard #ThomasLewisLeonard #WallerCoTexas
Share on Mastodon

Enter the server where you have an account.