#indoeuropean — Public Fediverse posts

A little bit of Lycian

Lycian is a first-millennium BCE language of the Anatolian family, a subgroup of Indo-European. It was written with its own, funky alphabet, and as such it is currently relevant to my interests. One of the longest texts happens to be a Lycian-Greek-Imperial Aramaic trilingual:

Reading up on Lycian in Melchert (2008; paywalled) the other day, I was really interested to read that the letters transliterated as b, g, d were fricatives: [β], [ɣ], [ð]. They seem to have shifted from the expected *b, *g, *d, based both on reconstruction and the letters used. This raises two short questions, to which I welcome your input:

1. As in Modern Greek, the otherwise unvoiced stops p, t, k were voiced after nasals. So, just like Modern Greek, Lycian can add a dummy nasal to write a voiced stop in other positions, as in Ñtarijeus– for Darius. How cool is that?
2. This looks very similar to what happened to Greek at some point. Could this be some kind of effect of Greek-Lycian contact? Does Modern Greek have a Lycian substrate?!

Quoting Ñtarijeus– reminds me of the other point I wanted to make:

Cases such as hrppi “above” or sñta (a numeral) seem to indicate that liquids and nasals had syllabic allophones, and the standard view is that the special letters ñ and m̃ stand for syllabic nasals. This may have been true when the graphemes were invented, but this analysis cannot account for postvocalic occurrences such as qãñti “they slay.” The gemination in hrppi (see below) argues that at the phonetic level the pronunciation was [hərp.pi] with an anaptyctic vowel. If one makes the reasonable inference that the same is true for nasals (sñta=[sənta]), then one may make the generalization that ñ and m̃ occur only in syllable-final position. This distribution suggests that they are unreleased allophones of the nasal consonants.

Melchert (2008: 50)

Melchert’s reasoning seems sound to me (although, shouldn’t that be [sənda]?), but I balk at the mention of unreleased nasals. Are these phonetically possible? If the air doesn’t come out your nose, how do you know it’s a nasal? Do any other languages have this?

Instead, maybe the Lycian lenition of voiced plosives we just saw can help us out here too. While this also relies on exotic sounds, perhaps we are dealing with lenition of the nasal stops too. If prevocalic *n and *m lenited to [ð̃] and [β̃], but syllable-final *n and *m remained nasal stops, a reshuffling of the letter signs makes for a plausible distribution that, at least, only relies on sounds that we can imagine how to pronounce: n spells [ð̃], ñ spells [n], m spells [β̃], and m̃ spells [m].

That’s all for now; don’t forget to Lyc and subscribe.

In both Indian cosmology and Slavic traditions, time was not primarily linear, it was cyclical. Indian thought describes vast cosmic cycles, called yugas, alongside smaller rhythms structured by lunar phases, solar transitions and ritual calendars. Human life itself participates in these patterns through birth, death, & rebirth.

#thegreatremembering #comparativereligion #indoeuropean #ancientcosmology #cyclicaltime #ritualcalendar #shakti #slavictradition #mythritual

www.srividyatantram.com

In both Indian cosmology and Slavic traditions, time was not primarily linear, it was cyclical. Indian thought describes vast cosmic cycles, called yugas, alongside smaller rhythms structured by lunar phases, solar transitions and ritual calendars. Human life itself participates in these patterns through birth, death, & rebirth.

#thegreatremembering #comparativereligion #indoeuropean #ancientcosmology #cyclicaltime #ritualcalendar #shakti #slavictradition #mythritual

www.srividyatantram.com

In both Indian cosmology and Slavic traditions, time was not primarily linear, it was cyclical. Indian thought describes vast cosmic cycles, called yugas, alongside smaller rhythms structured by lunar phases, solar transitions and ritual calendars. Human life itself participates in these patterns through birth, death, & rebirth.

#thegreatremembering #comparativereligion #indoeuropean #ancientcosmology #cyclicaltime #ritualcalendar #shakti #slavictradition #mythritual

www.srividyatantram.com

In both Indian cosmology and Slavic traditions, time was not primarily linear, it was cyclical. Indian thought describes vast cosmic cycles, called yugas, alongside smaller rhythms structured by lunar phases, solar transitions and ritual calendars. Human life itself participates in these patterns through birth, death, & rebirth.

#thegreatremembering #comparativereligion #indoeuropean #ancientcosmology #cyclicaltime #ritualcalendar #shakti #slavictradition #mythritual

www.srividyatantram.com

Numbers FA do (دو) EN two DE zwei FA se (سه) EN three DE drei FA: hasht (هشت) EN: eight DE: acht FA: noh (نه) EN: nine DE: neun #farsi #indoeuropean #iranian My first mini lesson The list was generated by an LLM, so it can contain error If its grammar is not too hard, I'll have a look at it

FA: nām (نام) EN: name DE: Name FA: no (نو) EN: new DE: neu FA: bad (بد) EN: bad FA: setāreh (ستاره) LA-LATIN: stella EN: star #farsi #indoeuropean #iranian

Family Words Persian/Farsi/Iranian: mādar (مادر) EN: mother DE: Mutter RU: мать (mat’) FA: pedar (پدر) EN: father DE: Vater LATIN: pater FA: barādar (برادر) EN: brother DE: Bruder RU: брат (brat) FA: dokhtar (دختر) EN: daughter DE: Tochter #indoeuropean #farsi

Archaeoethnologica: PHILIA Nº 11 - 2025

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#Archaeology #ClassicalArchaeology #Epigraphy #ClassicalStudies #AncientHistory #HistoryofReligions #linguistics #placename #greeks #indoeuropean #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: PHILIA Nº 11 - 2025

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#Archaeology #ClassicalArchaeology #Epigraphy #ClassicalStudies #AncientHistory #HistoryofReligions #linguistics #placename #greeks #indoeuropean #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: PHILIA Nº 11 - 2025

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#Archaeology #ClassicalArchaeology #Epigraphy #ClassicalStudies #AncientHistory #HistoryofReligions #linguistics #placename #greeks #indoeuropean #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: PHILIA Nº 11 - 2025

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#Archaeology #ClassicalArchaeology #Epigraphy #ClassicalStudies #AncientHistory #HistoryofReligions #linguistics #placename #greeks #indoeuropean #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: PHILIA Nº 11 - 2025

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#Archaeology #ClassicalArchaeology #Epigraphy #ClassicalStudies #AncientHistory #HistoryofReligions #linguistics #placename #greeks #indoeuropean #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: PHILIA Nº 11 - 2025

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#Archaeology #ClassicalArchaeology #Epigraphy #ClassicalStudies #AncientHistory #HistoryofReligions #linguistics #placename #greeks #indoeuropean #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: PHILIA Nº 11 - 2025

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#Archaeology #ClassicalArchaeology #Epigraphy #ClassicalStudies #AncientHistory #HistoryofReligions #linguistics #placename #greeks #indoeuropean #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: PHILIA Nº 11 - 2025

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#Archaeology #ClassicalArchaeology #Epigraphy #ClassicalStudies #AncientHistory #HistoryofReligions #linguistics #placename #greeks #indoeuropean #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: PHILIA Nº 11 - 2025

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#Archaeology #ClassicalArchaeology #Epigraphy #ClassicalStudies #AncientHistory #HistoryofReligions #linguistics #placename #greeks #indoeuropean #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: PHILIA Nº 11 - 2025

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#Archaeology #ClassicalArchaeology #Epigraphy #ClassicalStudies #AncientHistory #HistoryofReligions #linguistics #placename #greeks #indoeuropean #journals #openaccess

He estat pensant molt en els troncs de Nadal aquests dies. 
A Catalunya tenim el mundialment conegut i incomprès Tió, però el tronc de Nadal és un element comú a les cultures europees.

Els elements compartits són: un tronc al qual se li fan ofrenes i es crema la nit de Nadal, tenint les seves cendres qualitats apotropàiques (es guardaven tot l'any per curar, protegir, o s'escampaven per les terres de casa per assegurar la fertilitat dels camps).

L'altre dia estava agafant glans i picava amb un pal les branques d'alzina.
Queien les glans a munts sobre el meu cap.
Vaig pensar “és com la cavalcada de reis i els seus caramels”.
I llavors vaig fer la relació colpejar arbre = regals.
Perquè hi ha diversos arbres que es varegen per recollir-ne els fruits.
Després, el tió també es crema i tenim aquest acte d'alliberar la llum del Sol continguda dins la fusta per la màgia de la fotosíntesi.

Un ritual de solstici.
Recordar que la llum no ha marxat.
Que la Natura ens assegura la Vida, amb llum i amb fruits.

#solsticidhivern #solsticiodeinvierno #wintersolstice
#indoeuropean #quercus #alzina #agla #bellota #acorn #nadal #Natura #tradicionesdeinvierno #tradicionscatalanes #tiodenadal #yulelog #troncodeyule #folklore #etnobotanica

He estat pensant molt en els troncs de Nadal aquests dies. 
A Catalunya tenim el mundialment conegut i incomprès Tió, però el tronc de Nadal és un element comú a les cultures europees.

Els elements compartits són: un tronc al qual se li fan ofrenes i es crema la nit de Nadal, tenint les seves cendres qualitats apotropàiques (es guardaven tot l'any per curar, protegir, o s'escampaven per les terres de casa per assegurar la fertilitat dels camps).

L'altre dia estava agafant glans i picava amb un pal les branques d'alzina.
Queien les glans a munts sobre el meu cap.
Vaig pensar “és com la cavalcada de reis i els seus caramels”.
I llavors vaig fer la relació colpejar arbre = regals.
Perquè hi ha diversos arbres que es varegen per recollir-ne els fruits.
Després, el tió també es crema i tenim aquest acte d'alliberar la llum del Sol continguda dins la fusta per la màgia de la fotosíntesi.

Un ritual de solstici.
Recordar que la llum no ha marxat.
Que la Natura ens assegura la Vida, amb llum i amb fruits.

#solsticidhivern #solsticiodeinvierno #wintersolstice
#indoeuropean #quercus #alzina #agla #bellota #acorn #nadal #Natura #tradicionesdeinvierno #tradicionscatalanes #tiodenadal #yulelog #troncodeyule #folklore #etnobotanica

He estat pensant molt en els troncs de Nadal aquests dies. 
A Catalunya tenim el mundialment conegut i incomprès Tió, però el tronc de Nadal és un element comú a les cultures europees.

Els elements compartits són: un tronc al qual se li fan ofrenes i es crema la nit de Nadal, tenint les seves cendres qualitats apotropàiques (es guardaven tot l'any per curar, protegir, o s'escampaven per les terres de casa per assegurar la fertilitat dels camps).

L'altre dia estava agafant glans i picava amb un pal les branques d'alzina.
Queien les glans a munts sobre el meu cap.
Vaig pensar “és com la cavalcada de reis i els seus caramels”.
I llavors vaig fer la relació colpejar arbre = regals.
Perquè hi ha diversos arbres que es varegen per recollir-ne els fruits.
Després, el tió també es crema i tenim aquest acte d'alliberar la llum del Sol continguda dins la fusta per la màgia de la fotosíntesi.

Un ritual de solstici.
Recordar que la llum no ha marxat.
Que la Natura ens assegura la Vida, amb llum i amb fruits.

#solsticidhivern #solsticiodeinvierno #wintersolstice
#indoeuropean #quercus #alzina #agla #bellota #acorn #nadal #Natura #tradicionesdeinvierno #tradicionscatalanes #tiodenadal #yulelog #troncodeyule #folklore #etnobotanica

He estat pensant molt en els troncs de Nadal aquests dies. 
A Catalunya tenim el mundialment conegut i incomprès Tió, però el tronc de Nadal és un element comú a les cultures europees.

Els elements compartits són: un tronc al qual se li fan ofrenes i es crema la nit de Nadal, tenint les seves cendres qualitats apotropàiques (es guardaven tot l'any per curar, protegir, o s'escampaven per les terres de casa per assegurar la fertilitat dels camps).

L'altre dia estava agafant glans i picava amb un pal les branques d'alzina.
Queien les glans a munts sobre el meu cap.
Vaig pensar “és com la cavalcada de reis i els seus caramels”.
I llavors vaig fer la relació colpejar arbre = regals.
Perquè hi ha diversos arbres que es varegen per recollir-ne els fruits.
Després, el tió també es crema i tenim aquest acte d'alliberar la llum del Sol continguda dins la fusta per la màgia de la fotosíntesi.

Un ritual de solstici.
Recordar que la llum no ha marxat.
Que la Natura ens assegura la Vida, amb llum i amb fruits.

#solsticidhivern #solsticiodeinvierno #wintersolstice
#indoeuropean #quercus #alzina #agla #bellota #acorn #nadal #Natura #tradicionesdeinvierno #tradicionscatalanes #tiodenadal #yulelog #troncodeyule #folklore #etnobotanica

He estat pensant molt en els troncs de Nadal aquests dies. 
A Catalunya tenim el mundialment conegut i incomprès Tió, però el tronc de Nadal és un element comú a les cultures europees.

Els elements compartits són: un tronc al qual se li fan ofrenes i es crema la nit de Nadal, tenint les seves cendres qualitats apotropàiques (es guardaven tot l'any per curar, protegir, o s'escampaven per les terres de casa per assegurar la fertilitat dels camps).

L'altre dia estava agafant glans i picava amb un pal les branques d'alzina.
Queien les glans a munts sobre el meu cap.
Vaig pensar “és com la cavalcada de reis i els seus caramels”.
I llavors vaig fer la relació colpejar arbre = regals.
Perquè hi ha diversos arbres que es varegen per recollir-ne els fruits.
Després, el tió també es crema i tenim aquest acte d'alliberar la llum del Sol continguda dins la fusta per la màgia de la fotosíntesi.

Un ritual de solstici.
Recordar que la llum no ha marxat.
Que la Natura ens assegura la Vida, amb llum i amb fruits.

#solsticidhivern #solsticiodeinvierno #wintersolstice
#indoeuropean #quercus #alzina #agla #bellota #acorn #nadal #Natura #tradicionesdeinvierno #tradicionscatalanes #tiodenadal #yulelog #troncodeyule #folklore #etnobotanica

Heh... So, I can't pull off a lot of #accents well -- except a #WWDITS vampire. I've butchered a lot other accents (as attested by my British ex). Though my Italian accent isn't too bad. I had fun speaking in #Latin with an Italian accent (but how else would it be spoken?). I also recited #HomericGreek in a sing-song accent with a touch of #Sanskrit ('cuz, #IndoEuropean). Does anyone else indulge in accents when they act out scenes? Does anyone else act out scenes?
#ScribesAndWriters #ActingOutScenes

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-european Religion - Book/ A Religião Indo-Europeia - Livro

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#IndoeuropeanStudies #HistoryofReligions #Indoeuropean #Indoeuropeanreligion #gods #ritual #mythology #paleolinguistics #books

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-european Religion - Book/ A Religião Indo-Europeia - Livro

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#IndoeuropeanStudies #HistoryofReligions #Indoeuropean #Indoeuropeanreligion #gods #ritual #mythology #paleolinguistics #books

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-european Religion - Book/ A Religião Indo-Europeia - Livro

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#IndoeuropeanStudies #HistoryofReligions #Indoeuropean #Indoeuropeanreligion #gods #ritual #mythology #paleolinguistics #books

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-european Religion - Book/ A Religião Indo-Europeia - Livro

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#IndoeuropeanStudies #HistoryofReligions #Indoeuropean #Indoeuropeanreligion #gods #ritual #mythology #paleolinguistics #books

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-european Religion - Book/ A Religião Indo-Europeia - Livro

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#IndoeuropeanStudies #HistoryofReligions #Indoeuropean #Indoeuropeanreligion #gods #ritual #mythology #paleolinguistics #books

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-european Religion - Book/ A Religião Indo-Europeia - Livro

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#IndoeuropeanStudies #HistoryofReligions #Indoeuropean #Indoeuropeanreligion #gods #ritual #mythology #paleolinguistics #books

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-european Religion - Book/ A Religião Indo-Europeia - Livro

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#IndoeuropeanStudies #HistoryofReligions #Indoeuropean #Indoeuropeanreligion #gods #ritual #mythology #paleolinguistics #books

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-Slavic & the Indo-Iranian dispersal - Thesis / O Indo-Eslavo e a disperssão do Indo-Iraniano - Tese

+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2025/07/o-indo-eslavo-e-disperssao-do-indo.html

#Linguisticss #Palaeolinguistic #Indoslavic #indoiranian #slavic #baltoslavic #baltic #indoeuropean #indoeuropeanstudies #issogloses #prehistory #Thesis #books #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-Slavic & the Indo-Iranian dispersal - Thesis / O Indo-Eslavo e a disperssão do Indo-Iraniano - Tese

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#Linguisticss #Palaeolinguistic #Indoslavic #indoiranian #slavic #baltoslavic #baltic #indoeuropean #indoeuropeanstudies #issogloses #prehistory #Thesis #books #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-Slavic & the Indo-Iranian dispersal - Thesis / O Indo-Eslavo e a disperssão do Indo-Iraniano - Tese

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#Linguisticss #Palaeolinguistic #Indoslavic #indoiranian #slavic #baltoslavic #baltic #indoeuropean #indoeuropeanstudies #issogloses #prehistory #Thesis #books #openaccess

Kogan on the Proto-Semitic Sprachraum

At the Rethinking Proto-Semitic workshop, Leonid Kogan mentioned his suggestion of “Canaan” as the point of dispersal of the Semitic languages, published in an Encyclopedia Aethiopica article.1 Since it isn’t available online, I thought I’d share the relevant paragraph, concise and encyclopedic as it is. (Footnotes mine.)

Lexicostatistics suggest that proto-S. disintegrated in the mid-5th millennium B.C. (Militarev 2000: 303).2 The Arabian homeland of Semites, popular in earlier studies (s. references in Henninger 1968: 10),3 does not look attractive today in view of the well-developed agricultural terminology of proto-S. (Aro 1964)4 and the existence of contact lexemes between proto-S. (PS) and proto-Indo-European (PIE *tauro- – PS *ṯawr- ‘bull’, *gwern- ‘millstone’ – *gurn- ‘threshold’,5 *woino- – *wayn- ‘wine’, *Haster- ‘star’ – *ʿaṯtar- ‘astral deity’, Gamkrelidze–Ivanov 1984: 871-76),6 both of which point to a more northern locality (the combination of *dubb- ‘bear’, *riʾm- ‘aurochs’ and *ṯapan- ‘hyrax’ in proto-S. animal vocabulary suggests Phoenicia and Palestine).

1. Leonid Kogan, 2010. ‘Semitic’, in Siegbert Uhlig (ed.), Encyclopaedia Aethiopica, vol. 4 (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz), 615-17. ↩︎
2. Alexander Militarev, 2000. ‘Towards the Chronology of Afrasian (Afroasiatic and its Daughter Families’, in Colin Renfrew et al. (eds.), Time Depth in Historical Linguistics (Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research), 267-307. ↩︎
3. Joseph Henninger, 1968. Über Lebensraum und Lebensformen der Frühsemiten. Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen: Geisteswissenschaften 151. Cologne: Opladen. ↩︎
4. Jussi Aro, 1963(!). ‘Gemeinsemitische Ackerbauterminologie’, Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 113, 471-80. ↩︎
5. Probably a mistaken gloss for ‘threshing floor’. ↩︎
6. Tamaz Gamkrelidze and Vjačeslav Ivanov, 1984. Индоевропейский язык и индоевропейцы: Реконструкция и историко-типологический анализ праязыка и протокультуры. Tbilisi: Tbilisi University Press. More recently, see Rasmus Bjørn’s article discussed here and, specifically on ‘bull/ox’, Bernard (2024; paywalled). ↩︎

#IndoEuropean #linguistics #ProtoSemitic

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-European Linguistics Nº 12/1 - 2024

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#Linguistics #IndoeuropeanStudies #indoeuropean #palaeolinguistics #iranian #greek #albanian #slavic #vedic #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-European Linguistics Nº 12/1 - 2024

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#Linguistics #IndoeuropeanStudies #indoeuropean #palaeolinguistics #iranian #greek #albanian #slavic #vedic #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-European Linguistics Nº 12/1 - 2024

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#Linguistics #IndoeuropeanStudies #indoeuropean #palaeolinguistics #iranian #greek #albanian #slavic #vedic #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-European Linguistics Nº 12/1 - 2024

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#Linguistics #IndoeuropeanStudies #indoeuropean #palaeolinguistics #iranian #greek #albanian #slavic #vedic #journals #openaccess

Archaeoethnologica: Indo-European Linguistics Nº 12/1 - 2024

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#Linguistics #IndoeuropeanStudies #indoeuropean #palaeolinguistics #iranian #greek #albanian #slavic #vedic #journals #openaccess

Indo-European Phylogenetic And Linguistic Trees Concur
--
https://www.razibkhan.com/p/we-are-what-we-speak-indo-european <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14317 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #language #IndoEuropean #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #linguists #historians #archaeologists #phylogenetic #tree #HumanGenomeProject #genetics #cultures #migration #paleogenomics #genotypes #prehistory #ancient #ancienthumans #DNA #prehistoric #populations #genetictree

Archaeoethnologica: GLOTTA Nº 100/2 - 2024

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#Linguistics #Indoeuropean #Paleolinguistic #greek #italic #venetic #germanic #etymology #journals #indoeuropeanstudies #latin

Archaeoethnologica: GLOTTA Nº 100/2 - 2024

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#Linguistics #Indoeuropean #Paleolinguistic #greek #italic #venetic #germanic #etymology #journals #indoeuropeanstudies #latin

Archaeoethnologica: GLOTTA Nº 100/2 - 2024

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#Linguistics #Indoeuropean #Paleolinguistic #greek #italic #venetic #germanic #etymology #journals #indoeuropeanstudies #latin

Archaeoethnologica: GLOTTA Nº 100/2 - 2024

+INFO IN: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2025/01/glotta-n-1002-2024.html

#Linguistics #Indoeuropean #Paleolinguistic #greek #italic #venetic #germanic #etymology #journals #indoeuropeanstudies #latin

Archaeoethnologica: GLOTTA Nº 100/2 - 2024

+INFO IN: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2025/01/glotta-n-1002-2024.html

#Linguistics #Indoeuropean #Paleolinguistic #greek #italic #venetic #germanic #etymology #journals #indoeuropeanstudies #latin

The #ProtoIndoEuropean (#PIE) #language, the reconstructed ancestor of the #IndoEuropean family, is a key discovery in historical linguistics. Spoken thousands of years ago, PIE gave rise to languages like #English, #Hindi, #Greek, and #Russian. These languages, integral to many cultures today, reflect PIE's legacy in #HumanMigration, #CulturalExchange, and #LanguageEvolution. Here’s a brief exploration:

🌍 https://www.fabriziomusacchio.com/weekend_stories/told/2024/2024-12-25-indo_european_language_family/

#WeekendStories #histodons

Archaeoethnologica: WÉKʷOS Nº 7 - 2023

+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2024/11/wekos-n-7-2023.html

#Linguistics #Paelolinguistic #indoeuropean #indoeuropeanstudies #celtic #gaulish #vasque #caucasian #journal #gods #epigraphy #palaeogenetics #Prehistory #Indoeuropeans

Archaeoethnologica: Indogermanische Forschungen Nº 129/1 - 2024

+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2024/11/indogermanische-forschungen-n-1291-2024.html

#Indoeuropean #linguistics #palaeolinguistic #Indoeuropeanstudies #journals #latin #tocharian #germanic #greek #etymology #indoiranian #celtic #slavic #oath #prohibition #avestic

Archaeoethnologica: Kin, Clan & Community between Indo-Europeans - Book / Parentesco, Clã e Comunidade Indo-Europeus - Livro

+INFO in: https://archaeoethnologica.blogspot.com/2024/11/parentesco-cla-e-comunidade-indo.html

#Linguistic #palaeolinguistic #palaeogenetics #kinship #Anthropology #Indoeuropean #Indoeropeanstudies #books #socialstructure #indoeuropeasociaty #indoeuropeareconstruction #kinshipsystem