#hemagglutinin — Public Fediverse posts

In silico analysis of #pH stabilising #mutations of #hemagglutinin of #influenza A virus #H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/09/in-silico-analysis-of-ph-stabilising.html

Influenza 🇺🇸

#Orthomyxoviridae #hemagglutinin #infectiousdisease #neuraminidase #theflu

▶️ 1 new picture from NIH BioArt https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Influenza_%28NIH_BioArt_858_-_797548%29.svg

Immunogen selection and prior #immunity shape #antibody breadth following immunisation with avian #H5 #hemagglutinin, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/09/immunogen-selection-and-prior-immunity.html

Elicitation of #stem-directed #antibodies in rhesus #macaques by a conventional #hemagglutinin immunogen, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/07/elicitation-of-stem-directed-antibodies.html

#Antibodies to #influenza A virus #hemagglutinin and #neuraminidase limit egress and alter the physical properties of released virus particles, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/06/antibodies-to-influenza-virus.html

The Q226H #Mutation in #Avian #H5N1 #Hemagglutinin Mediates a Path towards Structural #Adaptation in #Humans, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/05/the-q226h-mutation-in-avian-h5n1.html

#Immunity to #hemagglutinin and #neuraminidase results in additive reductions in #airborne #transmission of #influenza #H1N1 virus in #ferrets, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/03/immunity-to-hemagglutinin-and.html

Identification of a Key #Hemagglutinin #Mutation Mediating #Antibody Escape in #Influenza #H1N1pdm09 Viruses,
https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/03/identification-of-key-hemagglutinin.html

Stabilization of the #H5 clade 2.3.4.4b #hemagglutinin improves #vaccine-elicited neutralizing #antibody responses in mice, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/03/stabilization-of-h5-clade-2344b.html

Impact of an #aminoacid #deletion detected in the #hemagglutinin (HA) #antigenic site of swine #influenza A virus field strains on HA antigenicity, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/02/impact-of-aminoacid-deletion-detected.html

Emergence and #antigenic characterisation of #influenza #H3N2 viruses with #hemagglutinin substitutions N158K and K189R during the 2024/25 influenza season, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/02/emergence-and-antigenic.html

Protective Efficacy of a #Hemagglutinin-Based #mRNA #Vaccine Against #H5N1 #Influenza Virus Challenge in Lactating Dairy #Cows, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2026/02/protective-efficacy-of-hemagglutinin.html

Structural basis for a potent #human neutralizing #antibody targeting a conserved epitope on the #H7 #hemagglutinin head, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/11/structural-basis-for-potent-human.html

Inverted #H1 #hemagglutinin nanoparticle #vaccines protect mice against challenges with human #H1N1 and bovine #H5N1 #influenza viruses, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/11/inverted-h1-hemagglutinin-nanoparticle.html

Molecular divergence and #convergence of mammalian #antibody responses to the #influenza virus #hemagglutinin stem, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/10/molecular-divergence-and-convergence-of.html

Impact of naturally occurring #hemagglutinin substitutions on antigenicity and fitness of #influenza #H5N1 virus, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/10/impact-of-naturally-occurring.html

The #hemagglutinin proteins of clades 1 and 2.3.4.4b #H5N1 highly pathogenic avian #influenza viruses exhibit comparable attachment patterns to avian and #mammalian #tissues, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/09/the-hemagglutinin-proteins-of-clades-1.html

Ciliated cells promote high infectious potential of #influenza A virus through the efficient intracellular activation of #hemagglutinin, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/08/ciliated-cells-promote-high-infectious.html

Stabilization of #H5 highly pathogenic avian #influenza #hemagglutinin improves #vaccine-elicited neutralizing #antibody responses, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/08/stabilization-of-h5-highly-pathogenic.html

Detection of #Hemagglutinin #H5 #Influenza A Virus #RNA and Model of Potential Inputs in an Urban #California #Sewershed, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/07/detection-of-hemagglutinin-h5-influenza.html

Random #mutagenesis of #influenza #hemagglutinin identifies new sites which modulate its acid-stability and cleavability, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/07/random-mutagenesis-of-influenza.html

Structural and functional characterization of the #antigenicity of #influenza A virus #hemagglutinin subtype #H15, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/07/structural-and-functional.html

Phylogenetic and #Mutation #Analysis of #Hemagglutinin Gene from Highly Pathogenic Avian #Influenza Virus #H5 Clade 2.3.4.4b in South #America, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/06/phylogenetic-and-mutation-analysis-of.html

Enhancing protective efficacy and immunogenicity of #hemagglutinin-based #influenza #vaccine utilizing adjuvants developed by BECC, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/06/enhancing-protective-efficacy-and.html

Chimeric #hemagglutinin and #M2 #mRNA #vaccine for broad #influenza subtype protection, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/06/chimeric-hemagglutinin-and-m2-mrna.html

The #hemagglutinin proteins of clades 1 and 2.3.4.4b #H5N1 #HPAI viruses exhibit comparable attachment patterns to #avian and #mammalian tissues, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/06/the-hemagglutinin-proteins-of-clades-1.html

A G219A #hemagglutinin #substitution increases #pathogenicity and viral #replication of Eurasian avian-like #H1N1 swine #influenza viruses, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/05/a-g219a-hemagglutinin-substitution.html

A protective and broadly binding #antibody class engages the #influenza virus #hemagglutinin head at its stem interface, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/05/a-protective-and-broadly-binding.html

#Phylogenetic Analysis and Spread of HPAI #H5N1 in Middle Eastern Countries Based on #Hemagglutinin and #Neuraminidase Gene Sequences, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/05/phylogenetic-analysis-and-spread-of.html

Identification and characterization of a broadly neutralizing and protective #nanobody against the #HA1 domain of #H5 avian #influenza virus #hemagglutinin, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/04/identification-and-characterization-of.html

Human #monoclonal #antibodies that target clade 2.3.4.4b #H5N1 #hemagglutinin, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/02/human-monoclonal-antibodies-that-target.html

#Receptor #binding, #structure, and #tissue #tropism of #cattle-infecting #H5N1 avian #influenza virus #hemagglutinin, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/01/receptor-binding-structure-and-tissue.html

#Detection of #Hemagglutinin #H5 #influenza A virus #RNA and model of potential inputs in an #urban #California #sewershed, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2025/01/detection-of-hemagglutinin-h5-influenza.html

The #evolution of #hemagglutinin-158 and #neuraminidase-88 #glycosylation sites modulates antigenicity and #pathogenicity of clade 2.3.2.1 #H5N1 avian #influenza viruses, https://etidiohnew.blogspot.com/2024/12/the-evolution-of-hemagglutinin-158-and.html

Single-dose avian #influenza A(#H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b #hemagglutinin-Matrix-M nanoparticle #vaccine induces neutralizing responses in nonhuman #primates

Source: BioRxIV, AbstractWith the recent rise in cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b infection in humans and animals, there is an associated increase in the risk of human-to-human transmission. In this study, we characterize recombinant A(H5N1) A/American Wigeon/South…

https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/22/single-dose-avian-influenza-ah5n1-clade-2-3-4-4b-hemagglutinin-matrix-m-nanoparticle-vaccine-induces-neutralizing-responses-in-nonhuman-primates/

Boosting #neuraminidase #immunity in the presence of #hemagglutinin with the next generation of #influenza #vaccines

Source: npj Vaccines, AbstractNeuraminidase (NA), the second most abundant surface glycoprotein on the influenza virus, plays a key role in viral replication and propagation. Despite growing evidence showing that NA-specific antibodies correlate with resistance to disease in humans, current licensed vaccines focus almost entirely on the hemagglutinin…

https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/20/boosting-neuraminidase-immunity-in-the-presence-of-hemagglutinin-with-the-next-generation-of-influenza-vaccines/

Deep mutational scanning of H5 #influenza by @bdadonai @jbloom_lab &co reveals how the >10,000 possible amino-acid mutations in #hemagglutinin affect cell entry, receptor preference, protein stability & neutralization by antibodies #H5N1 #PLOSBiology https://plos.io/3O3PaHI

#Influenza A Virus #H7 #nanobody recognizes a conserved immunodominant epitope on #hemagglutinin head and confers heterosubtypic #protection

Source: BioRxIV, AbstractInfluenza remains a persistent global health challenge, largely due to the virus continuous antigenic drift and shift, which impede the development of a universal vaccine. To address this, the identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies and their epitopes is crucial. Nanobodies, with their unique…

https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/11/01/influenza-a-virus-h7-nanobody-recognizes-a-conserved-immunodominant-epitope-on-hemagglutinin-head-and-confers-heterosubtypic-protection/

The #host #tropism of current #zoonotic #H7N9 viruses depends mainly on an acid-labile #hemagglutinin with a single amino acid #mutation in the #stalk region

Source: PLoS Pathogens, AbstractThe incidence of human infection by zoonotic avian influenza viruses, especially H5N1 and H7N9 viruses, has increased. Current zoonotic H7N9 avian influenza viruses (identified since 2013) emerged during reassortment of viruses belonging to different subtypes. Despite analyses of…

https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/10/22/the-host-tropism-of-current-zoonotic-h7n9-viruses-depends-mainly-on-an-acid-labile-hemagglutinin-with-a-single-amino-acid-mutation-in-the-stalk-region/

#Intranasal #hemagglutinin protein #boosters induce robust mucosal #immunity and cross-protection against #influenza A viral challenge

Source: BioRxIV, AbstractLicensed parenteral influenza vaccines induce systemic antibody responses and alleviate disease severity but do not efficiently prevent viral entry and transmission due to the lack of local mucosal immune responses. Here, we describe intranasal booster strategy with unadjuvanted recombinant hemagglutinin (HA)…

https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/10/15/intranasal-hemagglutinin-protein-boosters-induce-robust-mucosal-immunity-and-cross-protection-against-influenza-a-viral-challenge/

Preclinical #immunogenicity and #safety of #hemagglutinin-encoding #modRNA #influenza #vaccines

Source: npj Vaccines, AbstractSeasonal epidemics of influenza viruses are responsible for a significant global public health burden. Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent infection; however, due to the persistence of antigenic drift, vaccines must be updated annually. The selection of vaccine strains occurs months in advance of the influenza season to allow…

https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/10/07/preclinical-immunogenicity-and-safety-of-hemagglutinin-encoding-modrna-influenza-vaccines/

Triton X-100-treated virus-based ELLA demonstrates discordant #antigenic #evolution of #influenza B virus #hemagglutinin and #neuraminidase

Source: Journal of Viroloyg, ABSTRACTNeuraminidase (NA)-specific antibodies have been associated with protection against influenza and thus NA is considered a promising target for next-generation vaccines against influenza A (IAV) and B viruses (IBV). NA inhibition (NI) by antibodies is typically assessed using an enzyme-linked…

https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2024/10/03/triton-x-100-treated-virus-based-ella-demonstrates-discordant-antigenic-evolution-of-influenza-b-virus-hemagglutinin-and-neuraminidase/

#Hemagglutinin and #neuraminidase of a non-pathogenic #H7N7 avian #influenza virus coevolved during acquisition of intranasal #pathogenicity in #chickens, Arch Virol.: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00705-024-06118-z

This study demonstrates that viruses that are highly pathogenic when administered intranasally require additional adaptations for increased pathogenicity to be highly lethal to intranasally infected chickens.

Structural and immunological characterization of the #H3 #influenza #hemagglutinin during #antigenic #drift, BioRxIV: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.09.13.612776v1

In this study, we explore the influence of #glycan #evolution on H3 hemagglutinin from 1968 to present day and its impacts on antigenicity and immunogenicity.

#M2e #nanovaccines supplemented with recombinant #hemagglutinin protect #chickens against heterologous HPAI #H5N1 challenge, npj Vaccines: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-024-00944-7

Chickens vaccinated with the combined formulations developed M2e and HA1-specific antibodies, were fully protected from clinical disease and mortality, and showed no histopathological lesions or virus shedding, unlike those given only HA1, NR-3M2e, or NF-3M2e.

Rapid #synthesis and #screening of natively paired #antibodies against #influenza #hemagglutinin stem via oPool+ display, BioRxIV: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.30.610421v1

Overall, this study not only established an experimental platform to accelerate antibody discovery, but also provides molecular insights into antibody responses to the influenza HA #stem, which is a major target for universal influenza #vaccine development.

#Morphology-dependent #entry #kinetics and #spread of #influenza A virus, BioRxIV: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.01.605992v1

We found that cellular junction integrity and mucin do not exert morphology-dependent inhibition of IAV cell-to-cell spread. On the other hand, filamentous #virions confer an advantage under the #pressure exerted by neutralizing #antibodies against #hemagglutinin.

Deep #mutational #scanning of #H5 #hemagglutinin to inform #influenza virus #surveillance, BioRxIV: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.05.23.595634v2

Here we use pseudovirus deep mutational scanning to measure how all mutations to a clade 2.3.4.4b H5 HA affect each phenotype. We identify mutations that allow HA to better bind a2-6-linked sialic acids, and show that some viruses already carry mutations that stabilize HA.

A Computationally Optimized Broadly Reactive #Hemagglutinin and #Neuraminidase #Vaccine Boosts #Antibody-Secreting Cells and Induces a Robust #Serological Response, Preventing #Lung #Damage in a Pre-Immune #Model https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39066344/?utm_source=Feedly&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=None&utm_content=1LGAx__djGAJ9poBzWGqPtjEbBDtz4ipSRRPUplmgHEyyF_Ihj&fc=None&ff=20240727133152&v=2.18.0.post9+e462414

... the combination of #H2, #H5, #H7, #N1, and #N2 #COBRA #antigens presents a potential for the formulation of a universal influenza virus vaccine.

Proposal for a #Global #Classification and #Nomenclature #System for A/ #H9 #Influenza Viruses, Emerg Infect Dis.: https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/30/8/23-1176_article

...an international group of experts from animal and public health laboratories, endorsed by the #WOAH/FAO Network of Expertise on Animal Influenza, has created a practical lineage classification and nomenclature system based on the analysis of 10,638 #hemagglutinin #sequences from A/H9 AIVs sampled worldwide.

#Molecular #dynamics #investigation of the #influenza #hemagglutinin conformational changes in acidic #pH, BioRxIV, https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.07.07.602399v1

These insights shed light on influenza virus infection mechanisms and may inform the development of novel antiviral drugs targeting HA protein and pH-responsive drug delivery systems for influenza.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus outbreak in Peru in 2022–2023, Infect Med (Beijing), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772431X24000224?via%3Dihub

2022–23 #outbreak of #HPAI in Peru is associated with 2.3.4.4b clade. Peruvian #samples share same common #ancestor with #Chile & are grouped in same #cluster, including #birds and #mammals. Emergency #mutations were found in #hemagglutinin and #neuraminidase genes, some depending on type of host.

A protective and broadly binding #antibody class engages the #influenza virus #hemagglutinin head at its #stem #interface, BioRxIV: https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.12.13.571543v2

Head-stem interface antibodies bind to most influenza A serotypes and seasonal human #variants, and are present at low frequencies in memory B cell populations of multiple human donors. #Vaccines designed to elicit these antibodies might contribute to universal influenza immunity.

''For #receptor #binding #analysis of A/Texas/37/2024, #hemagglutinin (HA) surface protein of virus was expressed in lab & tested for its ability to bind to both human- and avian-type receptors. Preliminary results show that A/Texas/37/2024 HA only binds to avian-type receptors, & not to human-type receptors. This means the virus's HA has not adapted to be able to easily infect people.''

Broadly protective bispecific #antibodies that simultaneously target #influenza virus #hemagglutinin and #neuraminidase, mBio: https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.01085-24

#Infection by the influenza virus remains a global #health burden. The approaches utilized here to augment the activity of broadly protective influenza virus antibodies may lead to a new class of immunotherapies with enhanced activity.

#Epistasis mediates the evolution of #receptor binding mode in recent #human #H3N2 #hemagglutinin, Nat Commun.: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-024-49487-4

Combinatorial #mutagenesis reveals that G186D and D190N, along with other natural mutations in recent H3N2 strains, alter compatibility with a common egg-adaptive mutation in seasonal influenza vaccines. Our findings elucidate role of epistasis in shaping recent evolution of human hemagglutinin & substantiate high evolvability of its receptor-binding mode.

#Detection of #hemagglutinin #H5 #influenza A virus #sequence in municipal #wastewater solids at wastewater #treatment #plants with increases in influenza A in spring, 2024, medRxIV, https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.04.26.24306409v1

This work illustrates the value of wastewater monitoring for comprehensive influenza surveillance for diseases with zoonotic potential across human and animal populations.

The identification of a novel class of broadly #NeutralizingAntibodies directed against #influenza #hemagglutinin demonstrates that the barriers to elicit such responses in humans may be lower than previously thought. @mccarthy_kR &co #PLOSBiology https://plos.io/475MrEF

Today in #Science (@sciencemagazine), Claudia Arevalo, Scott Hensley, & al develop an #mRNA–#LipidNanoparticle #vaccine encoding #hemagglutinin antigens from all 20 known #influenza A & B virus subtypes/lineages! #Vaccination protected animals challenged w/ matched & mismatched viral strains!

In the same issue, Alyson Kelvin & Darryl Falzarano write a wonderful Perspective on this important next step towards a #UniversalFluVaccine!

Article: bit.ly/Sci_abm0271
PS: bit.ly/Sci_adf0900

#IAV #IBV