#geophysical — Public Fediverse posts

https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2026/apr/03/drill-oil-north-sea-further-exploitation-climate-emergency. Bill McGuire is professor emeritus of #geophysical & #climate #hazards at #UCL: do people like Kemi #Badenoch & Nigel #Farage not think that he knows what he's talking about?

Trans-Oceanic Distributed Sensing Of Tides Over Telecommunication Cable Between Portugal & Brazil
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https://lnkd.in/gBPpBchx <-- shared paper
--
[not something I know much about technically - so what better reason to read a paper!? What a fascinating & clever repurposing idea]
#GIS #spatial #mapping #geophysics #geophysical #remotesensing #model #modeling #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #cable #transoceanic #cable #tide #waves #tsunami #earlywarning #repurposing #usecase #appliedscience #appliedtechnology #fibreoptic #microwave #modulation #submarine #telecom #telecommunications #sensor #realtime #monitoring #measurememnt #marine #ocean #temperature #tidal #climate #climatechange #naturalhazards #risk #hazard #currents #circulation #infrastructure

Two major #scientific societies will try to fill the void from the Trump administration’s dismissal of #scientists writing a cornerstone federal report on what #climate change is doing to the #UnitedStates. American #Meteorological Society & American #Geophysical Union will work 2gether 2 produce peer-reviewed research documents assessing current, future national impacts of #climatechange. #Trump #GOP #maga ended the work of 400 scientists on National Climate Assessment https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-trump-firing-report-damage-a76d2e2d3dfec7318b124b05a78d1ee1

The Rivers That Science Says Shouldn't Exist
--
https://phys.org/news/2025-04-rivers-science-shouldnt.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR039824 <-- shared paper
--
#water #hydrology #network #river #bifurcation #GIS #spatial #mapping #divergence #Casiquiare #Orinoco #Amazon #distributary #tributary #Wayambo #Suriname #Echimamish #Canada #watershed #delineation #morphology #geomorphometry #ecology #management #waterresources #model #modeling #bidirectional #flow #geophysical

New Map Of Landscape Beneath Antarctica Unveiled
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https://phys.org/news/2025-03-landscape-beneath-antarctica-unveiled.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-04672-y <-- shared paper
--

#GIS #spatial #mapping #Bedmap3 #icebed #surface #thickness #gridded #datasets #Antarctica #raster #model #modeling #landscape #elevation #icesheet #survey #remotesensing #earthobservation #climatechange #warming #climate #melt #melting #seafloor #subglacial #geophysical #survey #topography #geology #bathymetry #topobathy #BritishAntarcticSurvey
@BritishAntarcticSurvey

Multispectral Remote Sensing Expression of Lineaments and Alteration Minerals in Part of Crystalline Rock Units of Southwestern Nigeria - Implication on Gold Prospecting
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100091 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #ASTER #Gold #Hydrothermal #HydrothermalAlteration #Lineament #Landsat #ETM #EnhancedThematicMapper #phyllic #Ilesha #schist #belt #geology #mining #Nigeria #naturalresources #mineral #mineralresources #golddeposits #aerogeophysical #remotesensing #geophysical #spatialanalysis #geomorphology #geomorphometry #alteration #propylitic #argillic #mineralogy #XRD #structuralgeology #lithology #PrincipalComponentAnalysis #PCA #prospecting #fracture #joints #faulting #Multispectral #Lineaments #Crystalline

Multispectral Remote Sensing Expression of Lineaments and Alteration Minerals in Part of Crystalline Rock Units of Southwestern Nigeria - Implication on Gold Prospecting
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100091 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #ASTER #Gold #Hydrothermal #HydrothermalAlteration #Lineament #Landsat #ETM #EnhancedThematicMapper #phyllic #Ilesha #schist #belt #geology #mining #Nigeria #naturalresources #mineral #mineralresources #golddeposits #aerogeophysical #remotesensing #geophysical #spatialanalysis #geomorphology #geomorphometry #alteration #propylitic #argillic #mineralogy #XRD #structuralgeology #lithology #PrincipalComponentAnalysis #PCA #prospecting #fracture #joints #faulting #Multispectral #Lineaments #Crystalline

Multispectral Remote Sensing Expression of Lineaments and Alteration Minerals in Part of Crystalline Rock Units of Southwestern Nigeria - Implication on Gold Prospecting
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100091 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #ASTER #Gold #Hydrothermal #HydrothermalAlteration #Lineament #Landsat #ETM #EnhancedThematicMapper #phyllic #Ilesha #schist #belt #geology #mining #Nigeria #naturalresources #mineral #mineralresources #golddeposits #aerogeophysical #remotesensing #geophysical #spatialanalysis #geomorphology #geomorphometry #alteration #propylitic #argillic #mineralogy #XRD #structuralgeology #lithology #PrincipalComponentAnalysis #PCA #prospecting #fracture #joints #faulting #Multispectral #Lineaments #Crystalline

Multispectral Remote Sensing Expression of Lineaments and Alteration Minerals in Part of Crystalline Rock Units of Southwestern Nigeria - Implication on Gold Prospecting
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100091 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #ASTER #Gold #Hydrothermal #HydrothermalAlteration #Lineament #Landsat #ETM #EnhancedThematicMapper #phyllic #Ilesha #schist #belt #geology #mining #Nigeria #naturalresources #mineral #mineralresources #golddeposits #aerogeophysical #remotesensing #geophysical #spatialanalysis #geomorphology #geomorphometry #alteration #propylitic #argillic #mineralogy #XRD #structuralgeology #lithology #PrincipalComponentAnalysis #PCA #prospecting #fracture #joints #faulting #Multispectral #Lineaments #Crystalline

Multispectral Remote Sensing Expression of Lineaments and Alteration Minerals in Part of Crystalline Rock Units of Southwestern Nigeria - Implication on Gold Prospecting
--
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oreoa.2025.100091 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #ASTER #Gold #Hydrothermal #HydrothermalAlteration #Lineament #Landsat #ETM #EnhancedThematicMapper #phyllic #Ilesha #schist #belt #geology #mining #Nigeria #naturalresources #mineral #mineralresources #golddeposits #aerogeophysical #remotesensing #geophysical #spatialanalysis #geomorphology #geomorphometry #alteration #propylitic #argillic #mineralogy #XRD #structuralgeology #lithology #PrincipalComponentAnalysis #PCA #prospecting #fracture #joints #faulting #Multispectral #Lineaments #Crystalline

Grfin Tools—User Guide And Methods For Modeling Landslide Runout And Debris-Flow Growth And Inundation
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https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm14A3 <-- shared USGS publication
--
https://code.usgs.gov/grfintools/grfintools <-- shared USGS software release
--
H/T Jonathan Perkins USGS
[ another open source resource for everyone from the USGS ~smile~ ]
#GIS #spatial #mapping #opensource #openlibrary #Grfin #software #package #regional #debrisflow #engineeringgeology #geology #inundation #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #geophysics #geophysical #massmovement #landslide #lahar #volcano #rock #avalanche #model #modeling #statistical #geostatistics #water #hydrology #downstream #elevation #remotesensing #DEM #flow #runout #risk #hazard #tools #slope #erosion #drainage #network #channel #channelisation #userguide
@USGS

Grfin Tools—User Guide And Methods For Modeling Landslide Runout And Debris-Flow Growth And Inundation
--
https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm14A3 <-- shared USGS publication
--
https://code.usgs.gov/grfintools/grfintools <-- shared USGS software release
--
H/T Jonathan Perkins USGS
[ another open source resource for everyone from the USGS ~smile~ ]
#GIS #spatial #mapping #opensource #openlibrary #Grfin #software #package #regional #debrisflow #engineeringgeology #geology #inundation #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #geophysics #geophysical #massmovement #landslide #lahar #volcano #rock #avalanche #model #modeling #statistical #geostatistics #water #hydrology #downstream #elevation #remotesensing #DEM #flow #runout #risk #hazard #tools #slope #erosion #drainage #network #channel #channelisation #userguide
@USGS

Grfin Tools—User Guide And Methods For Modeling Landslide Runout And Debris-Flow Growth And Inundation
--
https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm14A3 <-- shared USGS publication
--
https://code.usgs.gov/grfintools/grfintools <-- shared USGS software release
--
H/T Jonathan Perkins USGS
[ another open source resource for everyone from the USGS ~smile~ ]
#GIS #spatial #mapping #opensource #openlibrary #Grfin #software #package #regional #debrisflow #engineeringgeology #geology #inundation #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #geophysics #geophysical #massmovement #landslide #lahar #volcano #rock #avalanche #model #modeling #statistical #geostatistics #water #hydrology #downstream #elevation #remotesensing #DEM #flow #runout #risk #hazard #tools #slope #erosion #drainage #network #channel #channelisation #userguide
@USGS

Grfin Tools—User Guide And Methods For Modeling Landslide Runout And Debris-Flow Growth And Inundation
--
https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm14A3 <-- shared USGS publication
--
https://code.usgs.gov/grfintools/grfintools <-- shared USGS software release
--
H/T Jonathan Perkins USGS
[ another open source resource for everyone from the USGS ~smile~ ]
#GIS #spatial #mapping #opensource #openlibrary #Grfin #software #package #regional #debrisflow #engineeringgeology #geology #inundation #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #geophysics #geophysical #massmovement #landslide #lahar #volcano #rock #avalanche #model #modeling #statistical #geostatistics #water #hydrology #downstream #elevation #remotesensing #DEM #flow #runout #risk #hazard #tools #slope #erosion #drainage #network #channel #channelisation #userguide
@USGS

Grfin Tools—User Guide And Methods For Modeling Landslide Runout And Debris-Flow Growth And Inundation
--
https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm14A3 <-- shared USGS publication
--
https://code.usgs.gov/grfintools/grfintools <-- shared USGS software release
--
H/T Jonathan Perkins USGS
[ another open source resource for everyone from the USGS ~smile~ ]
#GIS #spatial #mapping #opensource #openlibrary #Grfin #software #package #regional #debrisflow #engineeringgeology #geology #inundation #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #geophysics #geophysical #massmovement #landslide #lahar #volcano #rock #avalanche #model #modeling #statistical #geostatistics #water #hydrology #downstream #elevation #remotesensing #DEM #flow #runout #risk #hazard #tools #slope #erosion #drainage #network #channel #channelisation #userguide
@USGS

GSPy - A New Toolbox And Data Standard For Geophysical Datasets
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https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.907614 <-- shared paper
--
https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XNQVGQ | https://code.usgs.gov/g3sc/gspy <-- shared code repository
--
[an older paper, but code is in active and ongoing development/evolution]
#GIS #spatial #mapping #geophysics #geophysical #NetCDF #datatypes #code #opensource #library #dataformats #standardisation #standardization #openstandard #portable #metadata #Python #package #GSPy #methods #workflows #xarray #CRS #opendata #architecture #toolbox

Large Magma Bodies Found Beneath Dormant Volcanoes, Surprising Scientists
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https://phys.org/news/2025-01-large-magma-bodies-beneath-dormant.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01630-y <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #seismology #seismic #teleseismic #magma #volcano #vulcanism #geophysics #geophysical #geology #structuralgeology #crust #hotspot #PNW #PacificNorthwest #MountRainer #MountSaintHelens #eruption #dormant #Cascades #CascadeRange #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #MountHood #ThreeSisters #Oregon #Washington #California #NewberryVolcano #CraterLake #MountShasta #LassenPeak #partialmelt #model #modeling #seismicity #earthquake #risk #hazard #active #threat #monitoring #engineeringgeology #EarlyWarningSystem

Large Magma Bodies Found Beneath Dormant Volcanoes, Surprising Scientists
--
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-large-magma-bodies-beneath-dormant.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01630-y <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #seismology #seismic #teleseismic #magma #volcano #vulcanism #geophysics #geophysical #geology #structuralgeology #crust #hotspot #PNW #PacificNorthwest #MountRainer #MountSaintHelens #eruption #dormant #Cascades #CascadeRange #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #MountHood #ThreeSisters #Oregon #Washington #California #NewberryVolcano #CraterLake #MountShasta #LassenPeak #partialmelt #model #modeling #seismicity #earthquake #risk #hazard #active #threat #monitoring #engineeringgeology #EarlyWarningSystem

Large Magma Bodies Found Beneath Dormant Volcanoes, Surprising Scientists
--
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-large-magma-bodies-beneath-dormant.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01630-y <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #seismology #seismic #teleseismic #magma #volcano #vulcanism #geophysics #geophysical #geology #structuralgeology #crust #hotspot #PNW #PacificNorthwest #MountRainer #MountSaintHelens #eruption #dormant #Cascades #CascadeRange #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #MountHood #ThreeSisters #Oregon #Washington #California #NewberryVolcano #CraterLake #MountShasta #LassenPeak #partialmelt #model #modeling #seismicity #earthquake #risk #hazard #active #threat #monitoring #engineeringgeology #EarlyWarningSystem

Large Magma Bodies Found Beneath Dormant Volcanoes, Surprising Scientists
--
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-large-magma-bodies-beneath-dormant.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01630-y <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #seismology #seismic #teleseismic #magma #volcano #vulcanism #geophysics #geophysical #geology #structuralgeology #crust #hotspot #PNW #PacificNorthwest #MountRainer #MountSaintHelens #eruption #dormant #Cascades #CascadeRange #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #MountHood #ThreeSisters #Oregon #Washington #California #NewberryVolcano #CraterLake #MountShasta #LassenPeak #partialmelt #model #modeling #seismicity #earthquake #risk #hazard #active #threat #monitoring #engineeringgeology #EarlyWarningSystem

Large Magma Bodies Found Beneath Dormant Volcanoes, Surprising Scientists
--
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-large-magma-bodies-beneath-dormant.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-024-01630-y <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #seismology #seismic #teleseismic #magma #volcano #vulcanism #geophysics #geophysical #geology #structuralgeology #crust #hotspot #PNW #PacificNorthwest #MountRainer #MountSaintHelens #eruption #dormant #Cascades #CascadeRange #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #MountHood #ThreeSisters #Oregon #Washington #California #NewberryVolcano #CraterLake #MountShasta #LassenPeak #partialmelt #model #modeling #seismicity #earthquake #risk #hazard #active #threat #monitoring #engineeringgeology #EarlyWarningSystem

Scientists Uncover Evidence Of A Colossal MegaFlood That Refilled The Mediterranean Sea
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https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-uncover-evidence-of-a-colossal-megaflood-that-refilled-the-mediterranean-sea/ <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01972-w <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #Zanclean #megaflood #flood #flooding #Mediterranean #MediterraneanSea #MessinianSalinityCrisis #italy #sicily #spatialanalysis #erosion #geology #engineeringgeology #naturaldisaster #sedimentation #deposition #ridge #morphology #geomorphology #geomorphometry #spatialanalysis #model #deposits #breccia #sediment #softsediment #geologichistory #seismology #geophysics #seismics #geophysical #pleistocene #hydrodynamic #model #water #hydrology

Scientists Uncover Evidence Of A Colossal MegaFlood That Refilled The Mediterranean Sea
--
https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-uncover-evidence-of-a-colossal-megaflood-that-refilled-the-mediterranean-sea/ <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01972-w <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #Zanclean #megaflood #flood #flooding #Mediterranean #MediterraneanSea #MessinianSalinityCrisis #italy #sicily #spatialanalysis #erosion #geology #engineeringgeology #naturaldisaster #sedimentation #deposition #ridge #morphology #geomorphology #geomorphometry #spatialanalysis #model #deposits #breccia #sediment #softsediment #geologichistory #seismology #geophysics #seismics #geophysical #pleistocene #hydrodynamic #model #water #hydrology

Scientists Uncover Evidence Of A Colossal MegaFlood That Refilled The Mediterranean Sea
--
https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-uncover-evidence-of-a-colossal-megaflood-that-refilled-the-mediterranean-sea/ <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01972-w <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #Zanclean #megaflood #flood #flooding #Mediterranean #MediterraneanSea #MessinianSalinityCrisis #italy #sicily #spatialanalysis #erosion #geology #engineeringgeology #naturaldisaster #sedimentation #deposition #ridge #morphology #geomorphology #geomorphometry #spatialanalysis #model #deposits #breccia #sediment #softsediment #geologichistory #seismology #geophysics #seismics #geophysical #pleistocene #hydrodynamic #model #water #hydrology

Deep Beneath California's Sierra Nevada, Earth's Lithosphere May Be Peeling Away
--
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-deep-beneath-california-sierra-nevada.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111290 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #lithosphere #California #SierraNevada #continentalcrust #crust #mantle #foundering #remotesensing #geophysics #geophysical #earthquake #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #structuralgeology #earthquake #seismic #seismology #Moho #platetectonics #tectonics #shearzone #faults #faulting #seismicity #model #modeling #3dmodel

Deep Beneath California's Sierra Nevada, Earth's Lithosphere May Be Peeling Away
--
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-deep-beneath-california-sierra-nevada.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111290 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #lithosphere #California #SierraNevada #continentalcrust #crust #mantle #foundering #remotesensing #geophysics #geophysical #earthquake #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #structuralgeology #earthquake #seismic #seismology #Moho #platetectonics #tectonics #shearzone #faults #faulting #seismicity #model #modeling #3dmodel

Deep Beneath California's Sierra Nevada, Earth's Lithosphere May Be Peeling Away
--
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-deep-beneath-california-sierra-nevada.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111290 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #lithosphere #California #SierraNevada #continentalcrust #crust #mantle #foundering #remotesensing #geophysics #geophysical #earthquake #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #structuralgeology #earthquake #seismic #seismology #Moho #platetectonics #tectonics #shearzone #faults #faulting #seismicity #model #modeling #3dmodel

Deep Beneath California's Sierra Nevada, Earth's Lithosphere May Be Peeling Away
--
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-deep-beneath-california-sierra-nevada.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111290 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #lithosphere #California #SierraNevada #continentalcrust #crust #mantle #foundering #remotesensing #geophysics #geophysical #earthquake #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #structuralgeology #earthquake #seismic #seismology #Moho #platetectonics #tectonics #shearzone #faults #faulting #seismicity #model #modeling #3dmodel

Deep Beneath California's Sierra Nevada, Earth's Lithosphere May Be Peeling Away
--
https://phys.org/news/2025-01-deep-beneath-california-sierra-nevada.html <-- shared technical article
--
https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111290 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #geology #lithosphere #California #SierraNevada #continentalcrust #crust #mantle #foundering #remotesensing #geophysics #geophysical #earthquake #spatialanalysis #spatiotemporal #structuralgeology #earthquake #seismic #seismology #Moho #platetectonics #tectonics #shearzone #faults #faulting #seismicity #model #modeling #3dmodel

Ground-Penetrating Radars Reveal Hidden Passages [Under Sforza Castle, Milan], Described In Leonardo’s Drawings
--
https://arkeonews.net/ground-penetrating-radars-reveal-hidden-passages-described-in-leonardos-drawings/ <-- shared article
--
https://www.polimi.it/il-politecnico/news/dettaglio-news/i-georadar-rivelano-nuovi-segreti-sotto-il-castello-sforzesco-di-milano <-- shared Politecnico di Milano article
--
#GIS #spatial #remotesensing #laser #GPR #groundpenetratingradar #archaeology #Italy #Milan #SforzaCastle #Sforza #Leonardo #LeonardodaVinci #drawings #architecture #ancient #historic #castle #3dmodel #digitaltwin #reconstruction #underground #model #modeling #geophysics #geophysical
@PolitecnicodiMilano

Network Of Subterranean Chambers And Tunnels Identified Beneath Mitla [Zapotec , Oaxaca, Mexico; archaeology]
--
https://www.heritagedaily.com/2024/10/network-of-subterranean-chambers-and-tunnels-identified-beneath-mitla/153652 <-- shared technical article
--
https://www.arxproject.org/projectlyobaa2022 <-- Project Lyobaa @ ARX
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #Zapotec #Mitla #Oaxaca #Mexico #archaeology #remotesensing #model #modeling #3d #PlaceOfTheDead #LyobaaProject #Lyobaa #INAH #UNAM #ARX #GPR #ERT #GroundPenetratingRadar #ElectricResistivityTomography #SeismicNoiseTomography #geophysics #scanning #fieldwork #SanPabloApostol #chambers #tunnels #subterranean #voids #underworld #palace #chronology #geophysical #anomalies

Archaeological Investigation and Hazard Assessment Using Magnetic, Ground-Penetrating Radar, and GPS Tools at Dahshour Area, Giza, Egypt
--
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2021.674953 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #remotesensing #GPS #GPR #fieldwork #onsite #archaeology #egypt #giza #Dahshour #BentPyramid #fieldinvestigation #survey #magneticsurvey #geophysics #geophysical #model #modeling #stress #strain #earthquake #damage #vulnerability #heritage #logistics #recommendations

New Insights Into The Seamount Structure Of The Northern Part Of The Ninetyeast Ridge (Indian Ocean) Through The Integrated Analysis Of Geophysical Data
--
https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse11050924 <-- shared paper
--
#GIS #spatial #mapping #seamount #NinetyeastRidge #bathymetry #fault #highresolution #seismicdata #reflector #magneticfield #anomaly #remotesensing #vulcanism #ocean #seafloor #survey #volcanic #IndianOcean #hydrospatial #sampling #geology #geophysics #geophysical #magnetism #magnetic #sonar #magmatism #structuralgeology #platetectonics #hotspot #model #modeling #3dmodeling #3dmodel #spatialnanalysis #formation #stage #data