#annif — Public Fediverse posts
Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #annif, aggregated by home.social.
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Tomorrow, 29th January at 12 noon CET, I will participate in an online panel discussion titled "Artificial Intelligence in Knowledge Organisation", organised by Linnaeus University (Sweden).
"This two-hour panel brings together leading experts to explore how AI transforms knowledge organization in libraries and related cultural heritage institutions as well as research data services."
More info and Zoom link:
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Tomorrow, 29th January at 12 noon CET, I will participate in an online panel discussion titled "Artificial Intelligence in Knowledge Organisation", organised by Linnaeus University (Sweden).
"This two-hour panel brings together leading experts to explore how AI transforms knowledge organization in libraries and related cultural heritage institutions as well as research data services."
More info and Zoom link:
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🚀 Automaattisen kuvailun palvelua Finto AI:ta on päivitetty! Käytössä on nyt YSOn tuorein jäädytetty versio (2025.7.Laotse); myös YKL-mallit käyttävät luokituksen uusinta versiota.
Pidämme Finto AI:n ajan tasalla niin sisällön kuin teknologian osalta: Finto AI:n taustalla on nyt uusin versio Annifista (v 1.4.).Koneoppimismallit ovat tuttuun tapaan ladattavissa Hugging Face Hubista (https://huggingface.co/collections/NatLibFi/annif-models-65b35fb98b7c508c8e8a1570) paikallista käyttöä varten. 💡
#FintoAI #YSO #YKL #Annif -
📢 The 17th Semantic Web in Libraries Conference is coming up online 17–19 Nov 2025 🎉
💡 We're organizing an Annif workshop on Nov 17 (17:00–21:00 UTC). Join us to dive into automated subject indexing, see 👉 https://forum.swib.org/t/introduction-to-the-annif-automated-indexing-tool/1456
🌍 We’re also introducing another workshop (Nov 17, 8:00–12:00 UTC), featuring the open-source SKOS vocabulary browser Skosmos, more info on 👉 https://forum.swib.org/t/from-chaos-to-skosmos-publishing-controlled-vocabularies-made-easy/1454
🔗 Full programme: https://forum.swib.org/t/swib25-welcome/921
#SWIB25 #SemanticWeb #Annif #Skosmos #OpenSource -
We have released version 1.4 of the Annif automated subject indexing tool! 🚀
Main updates include:
- 3 new corpus formats (JSON, JSONL, CSV)
- Possibility to include metadata for documents
- Include/exclude -rules for terms for better vocabulary control
- REST API improvementsRead more: https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/releases/tag/v1.4.0
#annif -
Automaattisen asiasaoittajan Annifin versio 1.4 on julkaistu 🚀
Julkaisun pääkohtia:
- Tuki kolmelle uudelle korpusformaatille
- Mahdollisuus syöttää tekstiä täydentävää metadataa Annifille
- Mahdollisuus määritellä sanaston käsitteiden käyttöä tarkemmin
- Parannuksia REST-rajapinnan käyttöönLue lisää os: https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/releases/tag/v1.4.0 ja https://www.kiwi.fi/x/r4BaHg
#annif -
Version 1.4 of the Annif automated subject indexing tool has been released! 🚀
• 3 new corpus formats (JSON, JSONL, CSV) supporting metadata + document IDs
• Include/exclude vocab concepts for better control
• annif index now supports short-text formats
• Faster hyperopt with parallel processing
• tfidf backend refactored (no gensim!)
• REST API improvements & Python 3.13 supporthttps://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/releases/tag/v1.4.0
#Annif #NLP #opensource #subjectindexing #machinelearning #code4lib #libraries
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Version 1.4 of the Annif automated subject indexing tool has been released! 🚀
• 3 new corpus formats (JSON, JSONL, CSV) supporting metadata + document IDs
• Include/exclude vocab concepts for better control
• annif index now supports short-text formats
• Faster hyperopt with parallel processing
• tfidf backend refactored (no gensim!)
• REST API improvements & Python 3.13 supporthttps://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/releases/tag/v1.4.0
#Annif #NLP #opensource #subjectindexing #machinelearning #code4lib #libraries
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Earlier this year, the Annif team participated in the LLMs4Subjects challenge, where our automated indexing tool performed nicely! 🏆 We also got new ideas for Annif development out of the challenge! The SemEval-2025 workshop proceedings are now available 👉 https://aclanthology.org/volumes/2025.semeval-1/
The work continued with the GermEval workshop, focusing on resource efficiency, and we did very well!🥇Check out our GermEval pre-print 👉 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.15877 🤖
#LLMs4Subjects #Annif #SemEval2025 #AI #SubjectIndexing -
Earlier this year, the Annif team participated in the LLMs4Subjects challenge, where our automated indexing tool performed nicely! 🏆 We also got new ideas for Annif development out of the challenge! The SemEval-2025 workshop proceedings are now available 👉 https://aclanthology.org/volumes/2025.semeval-1/
The work continued with the GermEval workshop, focusing on resource efficiency, and we did very well!🥇Check out our GermEval pre-print 👉 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.15877 🤖
#LLMs4Subjects #Annif #SemEval2025 #AI #SubjectIndexing -
Annif-tiimi osallistui alkuvuodesta LLMs4Subjects-haasteeseen, jossa automaattisen asiasanoituksen työkalumme pärjäsi hienosti! 🏆 Saimme kisasta uusia ideoita Annifin kehitykseen! SemEval-2025-työpajan julkaisut ovat nyt luettavissa 👉 https://aclanthology.org/volumes/2025.semeval-1/
Haaste jatkui GermEval-työpajan muodossa, jossa keskityttiin mallien resurssitehokkuuteen, ja sijoituimme taas mainiosti!🥇Lue esijulkaisumme GermEval-kisasta 👉 https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2508.15877 🤖
#LLMs4Subjects #Annif #SemEval2025 #AI #Asiasanoitus -
Hat jemand #Metadaten mit SSD-Notationen (Systematik der Stadtbibliothek Duisburg)? Siehe diese Anfrage mit dem Ziel, das für #Annif-Training einzusetzen: https://metadaten.community/t/ki-training-mit-metadaten/840
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Hat jemand #Metadaten mit SSD-Notationen (Systematik der Stadtbibliothek Duisburg)? Siehe diese Anfrage mit dem Ziel, das für #Annif-Training einzusetzen: https://metadaten.community/t/ki-training-mit-metadaten/840
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À travers des cas d’usage concrets, nous verrons comment #Annif peut être utilisé comme aide à l’indexation tout comme l’enrichissement automatique de données bibliographiques ou bases de données documentaires.
#LibreABC2025 -
Dans cette présentation, nous explorerons #Annif un logiciel open source qui exploite plusieurs modèles de langage et l’apprentissage machine pour proposer une solution d’indexation automatique performante et adaptée à son contexte.
Via son interface web intuitive, par ligne de commande ou API REST, Annif permet d’entraîner un modèle sur des vocabulaires multilingues et des corpus personnalisés, puis de proposer des termes d’indexation de manière automatique ou contrôlée.
#LibreABC2025 -
Thomas Guignard interviendra lors de la journée #LibreABC2025 sur l'indexation automatique avec #Annif
Description de la présentation:
L’indexation et l’ajout de mots-clés reste un outil crucial pour améliorer la découvrabilité de contenu, que ce soit dans un catalogue de bibliothèque ou tout autre base de données. Ce travail souvent manuel peut être long, répétitif et sujet aux erreurs. Il existe cependant des outils permettant d’automatiser en partie ce processus. -
AATA Online, a research database by the Getty Conservation Institute, has started using #Annif to help with their indexing process using Art and Architecture Thesaurus! 🎉
Read more in the latest Getty CI's newsletter 👉 https://newsletters.getty.edu/t/ViewEmailArchive/t/1681507799377D9A2540EF23F30FEDED/C67FD2F38AC4859C/
📸: Matl, CC BY-SA 3.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0>, via Wikimedia Commons -
Muistutuksena keskiviikon Finto AI -webinaari, ks.: https://www.kiwi.fi/x/BYJWH Tervetuloa kuulemaan ja keskustelemaan automaattisesta kuvailusta! #Annif #FintoAI
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We are also participating in the 2nd #LLMs4Subjects challenge at the GermEval-2025 workshop. Expect to see an even better automated subject indexing system based on combining #Annif and #LLMs!
https://sites.google.com/view/llms4subjects-germeval/home
The theme for the 2nd installment is "energy- and compute-efficient LLMs", so we will focus on building solutions based on smaller, more efficient, local AI models rather than huge, general purpose cloud LLMs.
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We are also participating in the 2nd #LLMs4Subjects challenge at the GermEval-2025 workshop. Expect to see an even better automated subject indexing system based on combining #Annif and #LLMs!
https://sites.google.com/view/llms4subjects-germeval/home
The theme for the 2nd installment is "energy- and compute-efficient LLMs", so we will focus on building solutions based on smaller, more efficient, local AI models rather than huge, general purpose cloud LLMs.
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In the first #LLMs4Subjects challenge at the SemEval-2025 workshop, our #Annif team did very well!
The challenge was to generate good quality subject indexing for bibliographic records in German & English using LLMs. We used LLMs for data preprocessing (translation & synthetic data) and Annif as the main suggestion engine. We ranked 1st and 2nd in quantitative and 4th in qualitative evaluations out of 14 teams!
More info & preprints: https://groups.google.com/g/annif-users/c/b8kVy6XSzB4/m/JE6xBzSuEgAJ
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In the first #LLMs4Subjects challenge at the SemEval-2025 workshop, our #Annif team did very well!
The challenge was to generate good quality subject indexing for bibliographic records in German & English using LLMs. We used LLMs for data preprocessing (translation & synthetic data) and Annif as the main suggestion engine. We ranked 1st and 2nd in quantitative and 4th in qualitative evaluations out of 14 teams!
More info & preprints: https://groups.google.com/g/annif-users/c/b8kVy6XSzB4/m/JE6xBzSuEgAJ
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The Annif team from the National Library of Finland recently took part in the LLMs4Subjects challenge. The task was to use large language models (LLMs) to generate good quality subject indexing for material from the TIBKAT database using the GND subject vocabulary. We are glad to report that Annif was ranked 1st in the category where the full vocabulary was used, 2nd in the smaller vocabulary category and 4th in the qualitative evaluations. More info: https://groups.google.com/g/annif-users/c/b8kVy6XSzB4/m/JE6xBzSuEgAJ #Annif #FintoAI
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Annif-tiimi Kansalliskirjastosta osallistui SemEval-2025-työpajan LLMs4Subjects-haasteeseen. Tehtävänä oli käyttää suuria kielimalleja (LLM) tuottamaan laadukkaita asiasanoja TIBKAT-tietokannan materiaalille käyttäen saksankielistä GND-sanastoa. Annif sijoittui ensimmäiseksi kategoriassa, jossa käytettiin koko sanastoa, toiseksi pienemmän sanaston kategoriassa ja neljänneksi laadullisessa arvioinnissa! Lisätietoja: https://www.kiwi.fi/x/sQC2H #Annif #FintoAI
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Finto is an ontology and vocabulary service offering free-to-use software and vocabularies for resource description and information retrieval:
#Skosmos is a web-based vocabulary browser and publishing tool. #FintoAI is an automated subject indexing tool based on #Annif. Finto.fi is Finto's own vocabulary browser based on Skosmos.
#YSO is a quadrilingual subject indexing vocabulary (Finnish General Ontology). #KOKO is a multi-domain ontology cloud based on YSO.
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Finto is an ontology and vocabulary service offering free-to-use software and vocabularies for resource description and information retrieval:
#Skosmos is a web-based vocabulary browser and publishing tool. #FintoAI is an automated subject indexing tool based on #Annif. Finto.fi is Finto's own vocabulary browser based on Skosmos.
#YSO is a quadrilingual subject indexing vocabulary (Finnish General Ontology). #KOKO is a multi-domain ontology cloud based on YSO.
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Finto är en ontologi- och vokabulärservice som erbjuder fritt tillgängliga vokabulärer, ontologier och klassifikationer för innehållsbeskrivning och sökning av bibliotekssamlingar, museiföremål och arkivmaterial.
I Finto finns den fyrspråkiga Allmänna finländska ontologin #ALLFO samt #KOKO, som består av specialontologier.
#FintoAI är en service för automatisk innehållsbeskrivning, byggd på det öppna verktyget #Annif. Finto.fi använder vår egenutvecklade programvara #Skosmos.
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Finto är en ontologi- och vokabulärservice som erbjuder fritt tillgängliga vokabulärer, ontologier och klassifikationer för innehållsbeskrivning och sökning av bibliotekssamlingar, museiföremål och arkivmaterial.
I Finto finns den fyrspråkiga Allmänna finländska ontologin #ALLFO samt #KOKO, som består av specialontologier.
#FintoAI är en service för automatisk innehållsbeskrivning, byggd på det öppna verktyget #Annif. Finto.fi använder vår egenutvecklade programvara #Skosmos.
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Finto on ontologia- ja sanastopalvelu, joka tarjoaa vapaasti käytettäviä sanastoja, ontologioita ja luokituksia mm. kirjastokokoelmien, museoesineiden ja arkistomateriaalien sisällönkuvailuun ja tiedonhakuun.
Fintosta löytyy mm. nelikielinen Yleinen suomalainen ontologia #YSO sekä erikoisalan ontologioista koostuva #KOKO.
#FintoAI on automaattisen sisällönkuvailun palvelu, joka perustuu avoimeen #Annif-työkaluun. Finto.fi itse perustuu kehittämäämme #Skosmos-ohjelmistoon.
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Finto on ontologia- ja sanastopalvelu, joka tarjoaa vapaasti käytettäviä sanastoja, ontologioita ja luokituksia mm. kirjastokokoelmien, museoesineiden ja arkistomateriaalien sisällönkuvailuun ja tiedonhakuun.
Fintosta löytyy mm. nelikielinen Yleinen suomalainen ontologia #YSO sekä erikoisalan ontologioista koostuva #KOKO.
#FintoAI on automaattisen sisällönkuvailun palvelu, joka perustuu avoimeen #Annif-työkaluun. Finto.fi itse perustuu kehittämäämme #Skosmos-ohjelmistoon.
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The German National Library @DNB_Aktuelles AI team just published a paper "Automatic Subject Cataloguing at the German National Library" in LIBER Quarterly (open access):
https://doi.org/10.53377/lq.19422
The paper documents in detail how they use open source tools such as Git, Data Version Control and Annif to implement automatic assignment of DDC classes and GND subject terms to digital publications in various formats. Great work!
#libraries #cataloguing #opensource #Annif #machinelearning #AI
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The German National Library @DNB_Aktuelles AI team just published a paper "Automatic Subject Cataloguing at the German National Library" in LIBER Quarterly (open access):
https://doi.org/10.53377/lq.19422
The paper documents in detail how they use open source tools such as Git, Data Version Control and Annif to implement automatic assignment of DDC classes and GND subject terms to digital publications in various formats. Great work!
#libraries #cataloguing #opensource #Annif #machinelearning #AI
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Last November we organized a survey for Annif users, and now the results have been published in the Doria repository of the National Library of Finland:
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-84-1301-1
The report includes an overview of:
- The vocabularies and datasets that are used with Annif
- The workflows that Annif is integrated with
- The problems Annif users are facing -
Last November we organized a survey for Annif users, and now the results have been published in the Doria repository of the National Library of Finland:
https://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-952-84-1301-1
The report includes an overview of:
- The vocabularies and datasets that are used with Annif
- The workflows that Annif is integrated with
- The problems Annif users are facing -
Version 1.3 of the automated subject subject indexing tool #Annif has been released!
This release introduces support for the EstNLTK analyzer for better Estonian lemmatization 🇪🇪, optimizations to the MLLM backend, as well as maintenance and bug fixes, including better file permissions in multi-user environments.
https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/releases/tag/v1.3.0
#AI #machinelearning #opensource #code4lib #libraries #subjectindexing #SKOS #classification #Estonian #eesti
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Version 1.3 of the automated subject subject indexing tool #Annif has been released!
This release introduces support for the EstNLTK analyzer for better Estonian lemmatization 🇪🇪, optimizations to the MLLM backend, as well as maintenance and bug fixes, including better file permissions in multi-user environments.
https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/releases/tag/v1.3.0
#AI #machinelearning #opensource #code4lib #libraries #subjectindexing #SKOS #classification #Estonian #eesti
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In the next release (1.3), Annif will have proper support for the Estonian language, by using the EstNLTK library/toolkit to lemmatize words. The code is now in a PR and will soon be merged to the main branch.
https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/pull/818
❤️ 🇪🇪
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In the next release (1.3), Annif will have proper support for the Estonian language, by using the EstNLTK library/toolkit to lemmatize words. The code is now in a PR and will soon be merged to the main branch.
https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/pull/818
❤️ 🇪🇪
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@kb Intressant hur ni får det här att gå ihop med automatisk klassificering (som ju använder Annif)! Det beskrivs ju bra i slutet av artikeln. Svårt att börja med en ny klassifikation, när det inte ännu finns tillräckligt med träningsdata.
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@kb Intressant hur ni får det här att gå ihop med automatisk klassificering (som ju använder Annif)! Det beskrivs ju bra i slutet av artikeln. Svårt att börja med en ny klassifikation, när det inte ännu finns tillräckligt med träningsdata.
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Mu ettekanne digipärandi seminaril 'masin loeb', pealkirjaga 'Masin aitab: automaatne märksõnastamine ja kataloogimine Soome Rahvusraamatukogus', on saadaval:
https://youtu.be/idXjxRasy0g?t=6386
#Annif #FintoAI #Meteor #LLM #AI #metadata #metaandmed #tehisaru #kataloogimine #märksõnastamine
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Mu ettekanne digipärandi seminaril 'masin loeb', pealkirjaga 'Masin aitab: automaatne märksõnastamine ja kataloogimine Soome Rahvusraamatukogus', on saadaval:
https://youtu.be/idXjxRasy0g?t=6386
#Annif #FintoAI #Meteor #LLM #AI #metadata #metaandmed #tehisaru #kataloogimine #märksõnastamine
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Mahdollinen ajatusleikki:
Jos Kansalliskirjastolla olisi oma Mastodon-instanssi, jossa tilit KK:lle yleisesti sekä keskeisille palveluille (Finna, E-kirjasto, Digi, Melinda, Julkaisuarkistot, Koha, FinELib, Finto, Annif/FintoAI...) viestintään ko. palveluihin liittyen (kuten X:ssä ollut) + sillattuna myös Blueskyn puolelle.
Seuraisitko näitä? Mitä niistä?
#Kansalliskirjasto #SuomiMastodon #Finna #EKirjasto #DigiKansalliskirjasto #Melinda #Julkaisuarkistot #Koha #FinELib #Finto #Annif #FintoAI
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Mahdollinen ajatusleikki:
Jos Kansalliskirjastolla olisi oma Mastodon-instanssi, jossa tilit KK:lle yleisesti sekä keskeisille palveluille (Finna, E-kirjasto, Digi, Melinda, Julkaisuarkistot, Koha, FinELib, Finto, Annif/FintoAI...) viestintään ko. palveluihin liittyen (kuten X:ssä ollut) + sillattuna myös Blueskyn puolelle.
Seuraisitko näitä? Mitä niistä?
#Kansalliskirjasto #SuomiMastodon #Finna #EKirjasto #DigiKansalliskirjasto #Melinda #Julkaisuarkistot #Koha #FinELib #Finto #Annif #FintoAI
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Täna kell 14:00 esinen Tartus digipärandi seminaril 'Masin loeb', pealkirjaga 'Masin aitab: automaatne märksõnastamine ja kataloogimine Soome Rahvusraamatukogus'. Väga tore on seda tööd esimest korda eesti keeles esitleda!
Seminari ajakava: https://www.rara.ee/sundmused/digiparandi-seminar-masin-loeb/
Üritust võib otseülekandes striimi kaudu jälgida: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idXjxRasy0g
#Annif #FintoAI #Meteor #LLM #AI #tehisaru #kataloogimine #märksõnastamine
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Täna kell 14:00 esinen Tartus digipärandi seminaril 'Masin loeb', pealkirjaga 'Masin aitab: automaatne märksõnastamine ja kataloogimine Soome Rahvusraamatukogus'. Väga tore on seda tööd esimest korda eesti keeles esitleda!
Seminari ajakava: https://www.rara.ee/sundmused/digiparandi-seminar-masin-loeb/
Üritust võib otseülekandes striimi kaudu jälgida: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=idXjxRasy0g
#Annif #FintoAI #Meteor #LLM #AI #tehisaru #kataloogimine #märksõnastamine
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"Introduction to #Annif automated indexing tool", a #SWIB24 workshop in the Europe/Africa timeslot (08:00-12:00 UTC on 25 November), facilitated by @osma et al. From the workshop description: "This workshop offers an introduction to the multilingual automated indexing tool, Annif. Participants will gain hands-on experience with Annif by setting it up, training its algorithms with sample data, and generating subject suggestions for new documents." Sign up at https://forum.swib.org/t/workshop-introduction-to-annif-automated-indexing-tool/139
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"Introduction to #Annif automated indexing tool", a #SWIB24 workshop in the Europe/Africa timeslot (08:00-12:00 UTC on 25 November), facilitated by @osma et al. From the workshop description: "This workshop offers an introduction to the multilingual automated indexing tool, Annif. Participants will gain hands-on experience with Annif by setting it up, training its algorithms with sample data, and generating subject suggestions for new documents." Sign up at https://forum.swib.org/t/workshop-introduction-to-annif-automated-indexing-tool/139
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Are you using #Annif for automated subject indexing or classification? Have you tried it out? Did you look at it but never got around to using it?
If yes, please fill in this Annif user survey: https://forms.gle/P7jGoPMbEAJnD9zw9
We want to hear your thoughts about Annif and how to make it better in the future!
It should only take a few minutes. Deadline is November 30.
#Annif #AI #subjectindexing #libraries #automation #SKOS #code4lib #survey
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We will organize an #Annif tutorial session "Introduction to the Annif automated indexing tool" at the #SWIB24 online conference on 25th November 2024, 9-13 CET! It's free, but you need to sign up through the SWIB Discourse platform: https://forum.swib.org/t/workshop-introduction-to-annif-automated-indexing-tool-category/139
The workshop is based on the Annif tutorial materials, created by the National Library of Finland and ZBW: https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif-tutorial
#AI #machinelearning #code4lib #opensource #libraries #SKOS #subjectindexing #classification
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The automated subject indexing tool #Annif version 1.2 has been released! This release adds API and CLI functionality for language detection (based on the #Simplemma library), automated download of NLTK data packages, full support for Python 3.12, a few bug fixes and upgraded dependencies.
#AI #machinelearning #opensource #code4lib #libraries #subjectindexing #SKOS #classification
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So #rspamd and a bit of #lua to speak with #annif and that should be it, eh? And why not feature extraction at the same time. Or am I reinventing something here 🤔?
#mailserver #postfix #mailclassification -
Hmm, this might perhaps work for email classification with some tinkering, https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif/ #Annif #fintoAI
#postfix -
#BASEsearch technology update:
We ripped out the #DDC classifier created by Mathias Lösch 12 years ago and replaced it with one created by Christoph Broschinski. It is using #annif, the automated subject indexing toolkit.
DDC classification is what allows users to browse our index by subject area: https://www.base-search.net/Browse/Dewey
Christoph found out that the decision tree based #Omikuji https://github.com/tomtung/omikuji outperformed #ANN-based https://fasttext.cc/ so we are luckily using explainable AI #XAI.
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@ZBW_MediaTalk ...insofern das proprietäre Tools von OCLC sind, mit denen sie exklusiv Geld verdienen können. Open-Source-Tools aus der Community werden nicht genannt – wie z.B. #Skosmos oder @skohub zur Publikation von kontrollierten Vokabularen als LOD oder @OpenRefine und #reconciliation API für die halbautomatische Verknüpfung von Daten, #annif für die halbautomatische Inhaltserschließung oder die @lobid -gnd-API für GND-Verlinkungen usw.
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If you're at #OpenRepos2024 and want an #Annif sticker, now is your chance at the coffee table!
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Secret key topic of the #CRIS2024 seems to be funding. How to fund #opensource software, how to fund #openinfrastructures, how to enable a diverse ecosystem for #OpenResearchInformation.
2nd big topic: #AI. There seems to be a consensus that we should not throw AI at everything. Oftentimes other approaches are as effective, but much less power and resource hungry and without all the ethical problems, for example ML for subject indexing (#Annif).