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St. Vincent de Paul

Author’s Note: This post contains mentions of slavery. If this triggers you, you may go to the next post. We understand.

Vincent de Paul (April 24, 1581-September 27, 1660; 79 years old at the time of his passing) was a French Catholic priest who dedicated himself to serving the poor & is best known for founding the Congregation of the Mission & Daughters of Charity.

After being ordained a priest in 1600, de Paul was kidnapped/adult-napped (he was 19 years old at the time) & enslaved for 2 years in Tunis (This was a semi-autonomous territory of the Ottoman Empire; it’s in modern-day Tunisia). He returned to Europe after escaping in 1607 (26 years old at the time).

He then served as a parish priest & in the French royal court before dedicating himself to the poor, founding the Ladies of Charity in 1617 (36 years old at the time). In 1622, de Paul was appointed as chaplain to the galley slaves in Paris.

De Paul founded the Congregation of the Mission (a.k.a. the Vincentians or Lazarists) in 1625 (44 years old). Having vowed poverty, chastity, obedience, & stability, they were to devote themselves entirely to people in smaller towns/villages.

He was a pioneer in seminary education & also founded the Daughters of Charity in 1633 (52 years old). He’s the namesake of the Vincentian Family of organizations, which includes the religious order he founded, among others.

He was renowned for his compassion, humility, & generosity. He was canonized in 1737. He was venerated as a saint in both the Catholic Church & the Anglican Communion.

Vincent de Paul was born on April 24, 1581, in the village of Pouy, in the province of Guyenne & Gascony, Kingdom of France, to peasant farmers. His dad was Jean de Paul & his mom was Bertrande de Moras. He wrote the name on 1 word, Depaul, but none of his correspondents did so.

He had 3 brothers & 2 sisters. He was the 3rd child & demonstrated a talent for literacy early in life. He worked as a child, herding his family’s livestock. At age 15, his dad sent him to a seminary. He paid for this by selling the family’s oxen.

For 3 years, he studied at a college in Dax, Aquitaine. It adjoined a monastery of the Friars Minor (a.k.a. the Franciscans), where he resided. In 1597, he enrolled in theology at the University of Toulouse. The atmosphere at the university was rough. Fights broke out between various factions of students, which escalated into armed battles. An official was murdered by 2 students. Vincent continued his studies, financing them by tutoring others.

Vincent was ordained subdeacon & deacon at Tarbes Cathedral in the French Great South-West, near Périgueux. This was against the regulations established by the Council of Trent, which required a minimum of 24 years old for ordination. So when he was appointed parish priest in Tilh. An appeal against the appointment was made to the Roman Curia.

Rather than respond to a lawsuit in which he would probably not have prevailed, he resigned from the position & continued his studies. On October 12, 1604, he received his Bachelor of Theology from the University of Toulouse. Later, he received a Licentiate in Canon Law from the University of Paris.

Vincent wrote a letter in July 1607 & a postscript in February 1608 that described his experience of abduction & slavery. In 1605, he sailed from Marseille on his way back from Castres, where he had gone to sell property he’d inherited from a wealthy patron in Toulouse. He was taken captive by Barbary pirates, who took him to Tunis. Vincent was auctioned off as a slave, & spent 2 years in bondage.

His 1st “master” was a fisherman. But this wasn’t the life for Vincent because he got seasick. He soon was sold. His next “master” was a spagyric physician (this is a modern medical movement based on the theories & therapies of Paracelsus), alchemist, & inventor. Vincent became fascinated by his art & was taught how to prepare the attention of men who summoned him to Istanbul.

During the passage, the old man died & Vincent was sold once again. His new “master” was a former Catholic priest & Franciscan from Nice, Guillaume Gautier. Gautier had converted to Islam to gain his freedom from slavery & was living in the mountains with 3 wives.

The 2nd wife, a Muslim by birth, was drawn to & visited Vincent in the fields to question him about his faith. She became convinced that his faith was true & admonished her husband for renouncing his Christianity. Her husband became remorseful & decided to escape back to France with his slave.

They had to wait 10 months. But finally they secretly boarded a small boat & crossed the Mediterranean, landing in Aigues-Mortes on June 29, 1607. After returning to France, Vincent went to Rome. There he continued his studies until 1609, when he was sent back to France on a mission to King Henry IV.

Once in France, he made the acquaintance of Pierre de Berulle, whom he took as his spiritual advisor. Andre Duval, of the Sorbonne, introduced him to Canfield’s Rule of Perfection.

In 1612, he was sent as a parish priest to the Church of Saint-Medard in Clichy. In less than a year, Berulle recalled him to Paris to serve as a chaplain & tutor to the Gondi family. The Gondi family was a prominent Florentine banking family and a financial partner of the Medici family.

Although Vincent had initially begun his priesthood with the intention of securing a life of leisure for himself, he underwent a change of heart after hearing the confession of a dying peasant. It was the Countess de Gondi who persuaded her husband to endow & support a group of able & zealous missionaries who would work among poor tenant farmers & country people in general.

On May 23, 1643, after King Louis XIII had passed away, Queen Anne had her husband’s will annulled by the Parlement de Paul (a judicial body composed mostly of nobles & high clergymen), thereby making her the sole Regent. Anne appointed Vincent de Paul as her spiritual advisor.

He helped her deal with religious policy & the Jansenist issue. Jansenism is/was a 17th-18th century Christian theological movement within the Catholic Church, rooted in the writings of Dutch bishop Cornelius Jansen.

Vincent is the patron of all works of charity. Several organizations inspired by his work & teaching & which claim Vincent as their founder or patron saint are grouped in a loose federation known as the Vincentian Family.

Vincent died in Paris on September 27, 1660. Vincent’s body was exhumed in 1712, 53 years after his death. The written account of an eyewitness states that “the eyes & nose alone showed some decay.” However, when the body was exhumed again during the canonization in 1737, it was found to have decomposed due to an underground flood.

According to the custom of the time, his bones were encased in a waxen figure, which is displayed in a glass reliquary in the chapel of the mother house of the Vincentian fathers in Paris (the St. Vincent de Paul Chapel). His heart is still incorrupt & is displayed separately in a reliquary in the chapel of the mother house of the Daughters of Charity.

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Archangel Gabriel

In Judaism, Christianity, & other Abrahamic religions, Gabriel (or even Cebrail (Djebrail) in some cultures) is an archangel with the power to announce God’s will to mankind as the messenger of God. He’s like the Abrahamic Apollo. He’s mentioned in the Hebrew Bible/Christian Old Testament, the New Testament, & the Quran.

In the Book of Daniel, Gabriel appears to the prophet Daniel to interpret his vision. Gabriel also shows up in the Jewish apocryphal 1st Book of Enoch & other Hebrew writings.

Along with the archangel Michael, Gabriel is described as the guardian angel of the Israelites, defending them against the angels of the other peoples. Many sects of Christianity revere Gabriel as a saint.

In the New Testament’s Gospel of Luke, Gabriel appears to Zachariah, predicting the birth of John the Baptist. Gabriel later appears to Mary, mother of Jesus, to announce that she would conceive & bear a son via a virgin birth.

Islam regards Gabriel as an archangel sent by Allah/God to different prophets, including Muhammad (PBUH). The first 5 verses of the Al-Alaq (96th chapter of the Quran) are believed by Muslims to have been the 1st verses of revelations given by Gabriel to Muhammad (PBUH).

The only book in the Hebrew Bible that explicitly mentions Gabriel is the Book of Daniel, & Gabriel appears to the prophet Daniel to explain his visions (Daniel 8:15-26, 9:21-27). In Daniel’s final vision, an unnamed angel appears to him & speaks of receiving help from the archangel Michael in battle against the Prince of Persia (not the video game) & also Michael’s role in times to come. This unnamed angel is thought to be Gabriel.

Though not named specifically, the “man clothed with linen” mentioned in the Book of Ezekiel chapters 9 & 10 is interpreted as Gabriel in Yoma 77a of the Babylonian Talmud.

There are many references to Gabriel in the Book of Enoch. According to this book, Michael, Uriel, Raphael, & Gabriel complain to God about the many wrongs perpetuated by Azazel & Samyaza. Especially the fact that they revealed “eternal secrets” & sins to mankind & defiled themselves with human women who later gave birth to giant offspring. Or, 1 of our fav subjects to circle back to, the Nephilim. (We will be doing the Nephilim in a future post. It’s currently being researched right now. Along with the Watchers, the Nephilim’s dads.)

As a result, God decides to destroy the Earth (which has been corrupted by those pesky fallen angels; these fallen angels were led by Azazel & Samyaza) & all of its inhabitants except for Noah. God sends Gabriel & the other archangels to go after the fallen angels & cast them into the darkness until the day of their judgment.

In Chapter 20, Gabriel is listed as 1 of 7 holy angels who watch. In Chapter 40, Gabriel is listed as 1 of 4 presences who stand on the 4 sides of God. These 4 archangels will be the ones to cast the fallen angels into the abyss of condemnation on Judgment Day.

According to Rabbinic Judaism, Gabriel (along with Michael, Uriel, & Raphael) is 1 of the 4 angels that stand at the 4 sides of God’s throne & serve as guardian angels of the 4 parts of the Earth. Michael stands on/at the right hand of God. While Gabriel (who ranks beneath Michael) stands at the left. Michael & Gabriel often work together. But Michael is mainly occupied in Heaven, while Gabriel (as the messenger of God) typically executes God’s will on earth.

Gabriel is also associated with the metal gold (the color of fire). Alongside Michael, Gabriel is described as the guardian angel of Israel, defending the Israelites against the angels of the other nations.

Gabriel is 1 of God’s archangels in Kabbalah literature. He’s pictured working in concert with Michael as part of God’s court. He’s identified with the sefira (or the Counting of the Omar. It’s a period of 49 days known as sefira(h).) of Yesod (this is a node in the kabbalistic Tree of Life.). Gabriel isn’t to be prayed to because only God can answer & sends Gabriel as his agent/messenger/courier.

According to Jewish mythology, in the Garden of Eden there’s a tree of life or the “tree of souls” that blossoms & produces new souls, which fall into the Guf, the Treasury of souls. This is located in the 7th Heaven. Gabriel reaches into the Treasury & takes out the 1st soul that comes into his hand.

Gabriel’s 1st appearance in the New Testament is found in the 1st part of Chapter 1 of Luke. This is where the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist is. John’s dad, Zachariah, was childless because John’s mom, Elizabeth, was barren. An angel shows up to Zechariah to announce the birth of his son. When Zechariah questions the angel, the angel names himself as Gabriel (Luke 1:5-25).

Gabriel’s next appearance is in the 2nd part of Luke, chapter 1. This time, to announce the birth of Jesus to Mary (Luke 1:26-38). In the 1st part of the passage, the angel identifies itself as Gabriel; in the 2nd part of the passage, the angel doesn’t. It’s the author of Luke who calls this angel Gabriel.

Gabriel is more frequently referenced in early Christian pseudepigraphic texts (these are texts whose authorship isn’t by who it’s claimed to be or a real author attributed to some bigger name of the past) than in Amy of the canonical Biblical texts.

Gabriel is mentioned in some of the infancy Gospels, like the Nativity Gospel of Mary, Protevangelium of James, & First Gospel of the Infancy of Jesus Christ. Gabriel is also mentioned in some of the early Christian apocalyptic texts, like the Greek Apocalypse of Ezra & Second Book of Enoch.

In Gnosticism, angels are portrayed as belonging to a pantheon of spiritual beings involved in the creation of the world. According to 1 ancient Gnostic manuscript, the Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit. (Which we have posted!) Gabriel is a divine being & inhabitant of the pleroma (This refers to the total of divine powers.) that existed before the demiurge (This is an figure who is responsible for fashioning & maintaining the physical universe). There’s also a reference to Gabriel in Chapter 17 of the Gospel of Judas.

In the theology of the Mormon Church, Gabriel is believed to have lived a mortal life as the prophet Noah. The 2 are regarded as the same individual. Noah was his mortal name & Gabriel being his heavenly name.

Gabriel’s fast day was exclusively celebrated on March 18 between 1588 & 1921. The feast of St. Gabriel was included by Pope Benedict XV in the General Roman Calender in 1921 for celebration on March 24.

In 1969, the day was officially transferred to September 29 for celebration in combination with the feasts of Michael & Raphael. Today, the September 29 date (known as Michaelmas) has been adopted by the Catholic Church, Church of England, Lutheran faith, Anglican Communion, & Western Orthodox churches.

The Eastern Orthodox Church & those Eastern Catholic Churches that follow the Byzantine Rite (a.k.a. the Rite of Constantinople is a liturgical rite developed in the Eastern Christian church of Constantinople.) celebrated the Feast of the Archangels (or Synaxis of the Archangel Michael & the Other Bodiless Powers) on November 8.

For the churches that follow the Julian Calendar, November 9 currently falls on November 21 of the modern Gregorian Calendar (a 13-day difference).

The Eastern Orthodox commemorate Gabriel not only at the Feast of the Archangels, but also on 2 other days: March 26 the “Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel” & celebrates his role in the Annunciation. July 13, a.k.a. the “Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel.”

The Coptic Orthodox Church celebrates Gabriel’s feast of 13 Paoni, 22 Koiak, & 26 Paoni. The medieval Coptic work Investiture of the Archangel Gabriel, attributes the feast day of 22 Koiak to the day Gabriel was given the rank of archangel in Heaven.

The Ethiopian Church celebrates Gabriel’s feast of December 18 (in the Ethiopian calendar). A sizable number of its believers making a pilgrimage to a church dedicated to “St. Gabriel” in Kulubi & Wonkshet on that day.

Gabriel is in many places in the Quran. He’s revered as 1 of the primary archangels & as the Angel of Revelation in Islam. He’s primarily mentioned in the verses 2:97, 2:98, 66:4 of the Quran. However, the Quranic text doesn’t refer to him as an angel. In the Quran, the archangel Gabriel appears named in 2:97 & 66:4, as well as in 2:98, where he’s mentioned along with the archangel Michael.

Tafsir (this is like the Jewish Midrash) narrates that Muhammad saw the archangel Gabriel in his full angelic splendor only 2x. The 1st time was when he received his 1st revelation. Islamic tradition holds that Gabriel was sent to numerous pre-Islamic Biblical prophets with revelation & divine injunctions, including Adam, whom Muslims believe was consoled by Gabriel sometime after Fall, too. He’s known by many names in Islam, such as “keeper of holiness.” In Hadith traditions, Jibril is said to have 600 wings.

In Islam, the tree of souls is referred to as the Sidrat al-Muntaha. This is identified as a Ziziphus spina-christi. This is also known as Christ’s thorn jujube.

Muslims believe that Gabriel was tasked with transmitting the scriptures from God to the prophets & messengers as Asbab al-Nuzul or revelation. Asbab al-Nuzul is occasions or circumstances of revelation names the historical context in which Quranic verses were revealed from the perspective of traditional Islam. When Muhammad was questioned which angel is revealing the holy scriptures, he told the Jews they’re revealed by Gabriel.

Muslims also Revere Gabriel for several events that predate what they regard as the 1st revelation narrated in the Quran. Muslims believe that Gabriel was the angel who informed Zechariah of the Nativity of John the Baptist. As well as Mary about the future nativity of Jesus.

Gabriel was 1 of 3 angels who had earlier informed Abraham of the birth of Isaac. Gabriel also makes a famous appearance in the Hadith of Gabriel, in which he questions Muhammad on the core tenets of Islam.

Gabriel is also believed to have delivered punishment from God to the Sodomites by leveling the entire city of Sodom with the tip of his wing. According to a Hadith, Gabriel has the ability to regulate feelings or perception in humans. Particularly happiness or sadness.

Gabriel is believed to have helped Muhammad overcome adversaries significantly against an ifrit during the Night Journey. An ifrit is a powerful type of demon in Islamic culture. Gabriel is also believed to have helped Muhammad overcome his adversaries during the Battle of Badr.

The Yazidis worship 7 Archangels, including Gabriel (Jabra’il), Michael (Mikha’il), Raphael (Rapha’il), Dedra’il, Azra’il, Shamka’il, & Azazil. They’re emanations from God with which God entrusted the world. Yazidis associate Gabriel with Tawusi Melek (the “Peacock Angel”).

Mandaeans venerate Ptahil as the “4th Life.” Ptahil is an uthra (a divine messenger of the light), identified with Gabriel, who creates the poorly made material world with the help of Ruha, a sinful & fallen female ruler who inhabits the World of Darkness.

The creation of the material world occurs by God’s command. But is delegated to Ptahil (a subservient emanation or uthra) with the assistance of Gabriel & others.

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Archangel Gabriel

In Judaism, Christianity, & other Abrahamic religions, Gabriel (or even Cebrail (Djebrail) in some cultures) is an archangel with the power to announce God’s will to mankind as the messenger of God. He’s like the Abrahamic Apollo. He’s mentioned in the Hebrew Bible/Christian Old Testament, the New Testament, & the Quran.

In the Book of Daniel, Gabriel appears to the prophet Daniel to interpret his vision. Gabriel also shows up in the Jewish apocryphal 1st Book of Enoch & other Hebrew writings.

Along with the archangel Michael, Gabriel is described as the guardian angel of the Israelites, defending them against the angels of the other peoples. Many sects of Christianity revere Gabriel as a saint.

In the New Testament’s Gospel of Luke, Gabriel appears to Zachariah, predicting the birth of John the Baptist. Gabriel later appears to Mary, mother of Jesus, to announce that she would conceive & bear a son via a virgin birth.

Islam regards Gabriel as an archangel sent by Allah/God to different prophets, including Muhammad (PBUH). The first 5 verses of the Al-Alaq (96th chapter of the Quran) are believed by Muslims to have been the 1st verses of revelations given by Gabriel to Muhammad (PBUH).

The only book in the Hebrew Bible that explicitly mentions Gabriel is the Book of Daniel, & Gabriel appears to the prophet Daniel to explain his visions (Daniel 8:15-26, 9:21-27). In Daniel’s final vision, an unnamed angel appears to him & speaks of receiving help from the archangel Michael in battle against the Prince of Persia (not the video game) & also Michael’s role in times to come. This unnamed angel is thought to be Gabriel.

Though not named specifically, the “man clothed with linen” mentioned in the Book of Ezekiel chapters 9 & 10 is interpreted as Gabriel in Yoma 77a of the Babylonian Talmud.

There are many references to Gabriel in the Book of Enoch. According to this book, Michael, Uriel, Raphael, & Gabriel complain to God about the many wrongs perpetuated by Azazel & Samyaza. Especially the fact that they revealed “eternal secrets” & sins to mankind & defiled themselves with human women who later gave birth to giant offspring. Or, 1 of our fav subjects to circle back to, the Nephilim. (We will be doing the Nephilim in a future post. It’s currently being researched right now. Along with the Watchers, the Nephilim’s dads.)

As a result, God decides to destroy the Earth (which has been corrupted by those pesky fallen angels; these fallen angels were led by Azazel & Samyaza) & all of its inhabitants except for Noah. God sends Gabriel & the other archangels to go after the fallen angels & cast them into the darkness until the day of their judgment.

In Chapter 20, Gabriel is listed as 1 of 7 holy angels who watch. In Chapter 40, Gabriel is listed as 1 of 4 presences who stand on the 4 sides of God. These 4 archangels will be the ones to cast the fallen angels into the abyss of condemnation on Judgment Day.

According to Rabbinic Judaism, Gabriel (along with Michael, Uriel, & Raphael) is 1 of the 4 angels that stand at the 4 sides of God’s throne & serve as guardian angels of the 4 parts of the Earth. Michael stands on/at the right hand of God. While Gabriel (who ranks beneath Michael) stands at the left. Michael & Gabriel often work together. But Michael is mainly occupied in Heaven, while Gabriel (as the messenger of God) typically executes God’s will on earth.

Gabriel is also associated with the metal gold (the color of fire). Alongside Michael, Gabriel is described as the guardian angel of Israel, defending the Israelites against the angels of the other nations.

Gabriel is 1 of God’s archangels in Kabbalah literature. He’s pictured working in concert with Michael as part of God’s court. He’s identified with the sefira (or the Counting of the Omar. It’s a period of 49 days known as sefira(h).) of Yesod (this is a node in the kabbalistic Tree of Life.). Gabriel isn’t to be prayed to because only God can answer & sends Gabriel as his agent/messenger/courier.

According to Jewish mythology, in the Garden of Eden there’s a tree of life or the “tree of souls” that blossoms & produces new souls, which fall into the Guf, the Treasury of souls. This is located in the 7th Heaven. Gabriel reaches into the Treasury & takes out the 1st soul that comes into his hand.

Gabriel’s 1st appearance in the New Testament is found in the 1st part of Chapter 1 of Luke. This is where the annunciation of the birth of John the Baptist is. John’s dad, Zachariah, was childless because John’s mom, Elizabeth, was barren. An angel shows up to Zechariah to announce the birth of his son. When Zechariah questions the angel, the angel names himself as Gabriel (Luke 1:5-25).

Gabriel’s next appearance is in the 2nd part of Luke, chapter 1. This time, to announce the birth of Jesus to Mary (Luke 1:26-38). In the 1st part of the passage, the angel identifies itself as Gabriel; in the 2nd part of the passage, the angel doesn’t. It’s the author of Luke who calls this angel Gabriel.

Gabriel is more frequently referenced in early Christian pseudepigraphic texts (these are texts whose authorship isn’t by who it’s claimed to be or a real author attributed to some bigger name of the past) than in Amy of the canonical Biblical texts.

Gabriel is mentioned in some of the infancy Gospels, like the Nativity Gospel of Mary, Protevangelium of James, & First Gospel of the Infancy of Jesus Christ. Gabriel is also mentioned in some of the early Christian apocalyptic texts, like the Greek Apocalypse of Ezra & Second Book of Enoch.

In Gnosticism, angels are portrayed as belonging to a pantheon of spiritual beings involved in the creation of the world. According to 1 ancient Gnostic manuscript, the Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit. (Which we have posted!) Gabriel is a divine being & inhabitant of the pleroma (This refers to the total of divine powers.) that existed before the demiurge (This is an figure who is responsible for fashioning & maintaining the physical universe). There’s also a reference to Gabriel in Chapter 17 of the Gospel of Judas.

In the theology of the Mormon Church, Gabriel is believed to have lived a mortal life as the prophet Noah. The 2 are regarded as the same individual. Noah was his mortal name & Gabriel being his heavenly name.

Gabriel’s fast day was exclusively celebrated on March 18 between 1588 & 1921. The feast of St. Gabriel was included by Pope Benedict XV in the General Roman Calender in 1921 for celebration on March 24.

In 1969, the day was officially transferred to September 29 for celebration in combination with the feasts of Michael & Raphael. Today, the September 29 date (known as Michaelmas) has been adopted by the Catholic Church, Church of England, Lutheran faith, Anglican Communion, & Western Orthodox churches.

The Eastern Orthodox Church & those Eastern Catholic Churches that follow the Byzantine Rite (a.k.a. the Rite of Constantinople is a liturgical rite developed in the Eastern Christian church of Constantinople.) celebrated the Feast of the Archangels (or Synaxis of the Archangel Michael & the Other Bodiless Powers) on November 8.

For the churches that follow the Julian Calendar, November 9 currently falls on November 21 of the modern Gregorian Calendar (a 13-day difference).

The Eastern Orthodox commemorate Gabriel not only at the Feast of the Archangels, but also on 2 other days: March 26 the “Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel” & celebrates his role in the Annunciation. July 13, a.k.a. the “Synaxis of the Archangel Gabriel.”

The Coptic Orthodox Church celebrates Gabriel’s feast of 13 Paoni, 22 Koiak, & 26 Paoni. The medieval Coptic work Investiture of the Archangel Gabriel, attributes the feast day of 22 Koiak to the day Gabriel was given the rank of archangel in Heaven.

The Ethiopian Church celebrates Gabriel’s feast of December 18 (in the Ethiopian calendar). A sizable number of its believers making a pilgrimage to a church dedicated to “St. Gabriel” in Kulubi & Wonkshet on that day.

Gabriel is in many places in the Quran. He’s revered as 1 of the primary archangels & as the Angel of Revelation in Islam. He’s primarily mentioned in the verses 2:97, 2:98, 66:4 of the Quran. However, the Quranic text doesn’t refer to him as an angel. In the Quran, the archangel Gabriel appears named in 2:97 & 66:4, as well as in 2:98, where he’s mentioned along with the archangel Michael.

Tafsir (this is like the Jewish Midrash) narrates that Muhammad saw the archangel Gabriel in his full angelic splendor only 2x. The 1st time was when he received his 1st revelation. Islamic tradition holds that Gabriel was sent to numerous pre-Islamic Biblical prophets with revelation & divine injunctions, including Adam, whom Muslims believe was consoled by Gabriel sometime after Fall, too. He’s known by many names in Islam, such as “keeper of holiness.” In Hadith traditions, Jibril is said to have 600 wings.

In Islam, the tree of souls is referred to as the Sidrat al-Muntaha. This is identified as a Ziziphus spina-christi. This is also known as Christ’s thorn jujube.

Muslims believe that Gabriel was tasked with transmitting the scriptures from God to the prophets & messengers as Asbab al-Nuzul or revelation. Asbab al-Nuzul is occasions or circumstances of revelation names the historical context in which Quranic verses were revealed from the perspective of traditional Islam. When Muhammad was questioned which angel is revealing the holy scriptures, he told the Jews they’re revealed by Gabriel.

Muslims also Revere Gabriel for several events that predate what they regard as the 1st revelation narrated in the Quran. Muslims believe that Gabriel was the angel who informed Zechariah of the Nativity of John the Baptist. As well as Mary about the future nativity of Jesus.

Gabriel was 1 of 3 angels who had earlier informed Abraham of the birth of Isaac. Gabriel also makes a famous appearance in the Hadith of Gabriel, in which he questions Muhammad on the core tenets of Islam.

Gabriel is also believed to have delivered punishment from God to the Sodomites by leveling the entire city of Sodom with the tip of his wing. According to a Hadith, Gabriel has the ability to regulate feelings or perception in humans. Particularly happiness or sadness.

Gabriel is believed to have helped Muhammad overcome adversaries significantly against an ifrit during the Night Journey. An ifrit is a powerful type of demon in Islamic culture. Gabriel is also believed to have helped Muhammad overcome his adversaries during the Battle of Badr.

The Yazidis worship 7 Archangels, including Gabriel (Jabra’il), Michael (Mikha’il), Raphael (Rapha’il), Dedra’il, Azra’il, Shamka’il, & Azazil. They’re emanations from God with which God entrusted the world. Yazidis associate Gabriel with Tawusi Melek (the “Peacock Angel”).

Mandaeans venerate Ptahil as the “4th Life.” Ptahil is an uthra (a divine messenger of the light), identified with Gabriel, who creates the poorly made material world with the help of Ruha, a sinful & fallen female ruler who inhabits the World of Darkness.

The creation of the material world occurs by God’s command. But is delegated to Ptahil (a subservient emanation or uthra) with the assistance of Gabriel & others.

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Your contribution is appreciated.

Make a yearly donation

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Pope Leo to meet new Archbishop of Canterbury in April

The Most Revd Dame Sarah Mullally will be received by the Pope during her visit to Rome from…
#NewsBeep #News #UnitedKingdom #AnglicanCommunion #ecumenism #GB #GreatBritain #meeting #PopeLeoXIV #UK #Vatican
https://www.newsbeep.com/uk/501218/

https://www.europesays.com/uk/857479/ Pope Leo to meet new Archbishop of Canterbury in April #AnglicanCommunion #Ecumenism #meeting #News #PopeLeoXIV #UK #UnitedKingdom #Vatican

Pope assures Archbishop of Canterbury of dialogue ‘in truth and love‘ https://www.byteseu.com/1898266/ #America #AnglicanCommunion #anniversary #CatholicChurch #Ecumenism #PopeLeoXiv #UnitedKingdom #UnitedStates #UnitedStatesOfAmerica #US #USNews #USA #USANews

Happy Feast of the #Annunciation to all who celebrate!

I'm celebrating the installation of the first female Archbishop of Canterbury in the #AnglicanCommunion

#SarahMullally, a former cancer #nurse, is a lovely person & I'm delighted

She may well provoke some #GlobalSouth churches to leave the commmunion, but please let's not pretend that's about Scripture unless they want to be as urgently concerned about Usury & abuse of #Refugees

Happy Feast of the #Annunciation to all who celebrate!

I'm celebrating the installation of the first female Archbishop of Canterbury in the #AnglicanCommunion

#SarahMullally, a former cancer #nurse, is a lovely person & I'm delighted

She may well provoke some #GlobalSouth churches to leave the commmunion, but please let's not pretend that's about Scripture unless they want to be as urgently concerned about Usury & abuse of #Refugees

Happy Feast of the #Annunciation to all who celebrate!

I'm celebrating the installation of the first female Archbishop of Canterbury in the #AnglicanCommunion

#SarahMullally, a former cancer #nurse, is a lovely person & I'm delighted

She may well provoke some #GlobalSouth churches to leave the commmunion, but please let's not pretend that's about Scripture unless they want to be as urgently concerned about Usury & abuse of #Refugees

Happy Feast of the #Annunciation to all who celebrate!

I'm celebrating the installation of the first female Archbishop of Canterbury in the #AnglicanCommunion

#SarahMullally, a former cancer #nurse, is a lovely person & I'm delighted

She may well provoke some #GlobalSouth churches to leave the commmunion, but please let's not pretend that's about Scripture unless they want to be as urgently concerned about Usury & abuse of #Refugees

https://www.europesays.com/africa/122157/ Global Anglicans Split from Archbishop of Canterbury #AnglicanCommunion #Anglicanism #ArchbishopOfCanterbury #ChurchOfEngland #ChurchOfNigeria #DoctrinalIssues #Gafcon #GlobalAnglicanCouncil #LaurentMbanda #Nigeria #OrthodoxAnglican

https://www.europesays.com/africa/117068/ Conservative Anglican leaders meet in Nigeria to elect a leader, fuelling concerns of schism #AnglicanCommunion #ArchbishopHenryChukwudumNdukuba #ArchbishopLaurentMbanda #ArchbishopSarahMullally #ArchbishopStephenKaziimbaMugalu #Gafcon #GlobalAnglicanFutureConference #GlobalAnglicanFutureConferenceG26MiniConference #Nigeria #RtRevPaulDonison #Rwanda #Uganda

https://www.europesays.com/uk/637351/ Brazil, Scotland Lukewarm on Nairobi-Cairo Proposals #AnglicanCommunion #AnglicanConsultativeCouncil #ArchbishopOfCanterbury #Britain #EpiscopalAnglicanChurchOfBrazil #GreatBritain #InterAnglicanStandingCommissionOnUnityFaithAndOrder #NairobiCairoProposals #Primates'Meeting #Scotland #ScottishEpiscopalChurch #UK #UnitedKingdom

GAFCON says its members will leave Anglican Communion to form rival network

#ENS
#GAFCON
#AnglicanCommunion

https://episcopalnewsservice.org/2025/10/17/gafcon-says-its-members-will-leave-anglican-communion-to-form-rival-network/

#DidYouKnow that not all the national churches of the #AnglicanCommunion commemorate the same holy men & women?

For instance, today the #EpiscopalChurch remembers Joseph Schereschewsky, bishop, missionary, translator, & poster person for perseverance (more on him in another toot), while over the weekend UK churches commemorated Edith Cavell, a nurse serving in Belgium during World War 1 who was executed by the Germans in 1915 (more about her in another toot, or more probably, a blog post/podcast episode later).

#DidYouKnow that not all the national churches of the #AnglicanCommunion commemorate the same holy men & women?

For instance, today the #EpiscopalChurch remembers Joseph Schereschewsky, bishop, missionary, translator, & poster person for perseverance (more on him in another toot), while over the weekend UK churches commemorated Edith Cavell, a nurse serving in Belgium during World War 1 who was executed by the Germans in 1915 (more about her in another toot, or more probably, a blog post/podcast episode later).

#DidYouKnow that not all the national churches of the #AnglicanCommunion commemorate the same holy men & women?

For instance, today the #EpiscopalChurch remembers Joseph Schereschewsky, bishop, missionary, translator, & poster person for perseverance (more on him in another toot), while over the weekend UK churches commemorated Edith Cavell, a nurse serving in Belgium during World War 1 who was executed by the Germans in 1915 (more about her in another toot, or more probably, a blog post/podcast episode later).

Anybody using #NOTD ? What are your thoughts (as a reader or a publisher)?

I’m considering starting a stream or blog or podcast covering being #Episcopalian & the cloud of witnesses/lesser feasts of the #EpiscopalChurch and #AnglicanCommunion (think #LentMadness type information but all year round & without the brackets/voting).

Anybody using #NOTD ? What are your thoughts (as a reader or a publisher)?

I’m considering starting a stream or blog or podcast covering being #Episcopalian & the cloud of witnesses/lesser feasts of the #EpiscopalChurch and #AnglicanCommunion (think #LentMadness type information but all year round & without the brackets/voting).

Anybody using #NOTD ? What are your thoughts (as a reader or a publisher)?

I’m considering starting a stream or blog or podcast covering being #Episcopalian & the cloud of witnesses/lesser feasts of the #EpiscopalChurch and #AnglicanCommunion (think #LentMadness type information but all year round & without the brackets/voting).

Anybody using #NOTD ? What are your thoughts (as a reader or a publisher)?

I’m considering starting a stream or blog or podcast covering being #Episcopalian & the cloud of witnesses/lesser feasts of the #EpiscopalChurch and #AnglicanCommunion (think #LentMadness type information but all year round & without the brackets/voting).

If anyone is looking for a #spiritual #BookClub there’s a group forming over on #reditt to read #JulianofNorwich [Warning: I’m planning on reading so you’ll be seeing some of my thoughts & reflections posted here]

Julian of Norwich was an English anchoress in the Middle Ages. Her Revelations of Divine Love, based on 16 divine visions she received in 1373, is thought to be the first book written by a #woman in English that has survived (and is still actively being read and studied today). She is venerated as a saint in the #EpiscopalChurch & the larger #AnglicanCommunion (although she is not recognized as a saint by the #RomanCatholicChurch )

The translation I plan to read is: Love’s Trinity: A Companion to Julian of Norwich translated by John-Julian with commentary by Frederick S. Roden https://bookshop.org/a/13969/9780814653081

#Reading #WomenAuthors

If anyone is looking for a #spiritual #BookClub there’s a group forming over on #reditt to read #JulianofNorwich [Warning: I’m planning on reading so you’ll be seeing some of my thoughts & reflections posted here]

Julian of Norwich was an English anchoress in the Middle Ages. Her Revelations of Divine Love, based on 16 divine visions she received in 1373, is thought to be the first book written by a #woman in English that has survived (and is still actively being read and studied today). She is venerated as a saint in the #EpiscopalChurch & the larger #AnglicanCommunion (although she is not recognized as a saint by the #RomanCatholicChurch )

The translation I plan to read is: Love’s Trinity: A Companion to Julian of Norwich translated by John-Julian with commentary by Frederick S. Roden https://bookshop.org/a/13969/9780814653081

#Reading #WomenAuthors

"That reflects a curious colonialist hangover from the imposition of British Victorian views of sexuality on Africans. One would think that African archbishops would have more urgent ethical issues on their minds, like political corruption or social inequality.”

#AnglicanCommunion #LGBT #homophobia

/2

"That reflects a curious colonialist hangover from the imposition of British Victorian views of sexuality on Africans. One would think that African archbishops would have more urgent ethical issues on their minds, like political corruption or social inequality.”

#AnglicanCommunion #LGBT #homophobia

/2

"That reflects a curious colonialist hangover from the imposition of British Victorian views of sexuality on Africans. One would think that African archbishops would have more urgent ethical issues on their minds, like political corruption or social inequality.”

#AnglicanCommunion #LGBT #homophobia

/2

Harriet Sherwood reports that archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby is said to have stated at a private meeting with about a dozen MPs at Westminster on Monday that he's prefer to see the Church of England disestablished than the Anglican communion fractured when member churches opposed to respecting the rights of LGBTQ people left the communion if the C of E blesses same-sex marriages in church.

#ChurchofEngland #AnglicanCommunion #humanrights #SameSexMarriage

/1

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/01/better-c-of-e-is-disestablished-than-risk-split-justin-welby-reportedly-says

Harriet Sherwood reports that archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby is said to have stated at a private meeting with about a dozen MPs at Westminster on Monday that he's prefer to see the Church of England disestablished than the Anglican communion fractured when member churches opposed to respecting the rights of LGBTQ people left the communion if the C of E blesses same-sex marriages in church.

#ChurchofEngland #AnglicanCommunion #humanrights #SameSexMarriage

/1

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/01/better-c-of-e-is-disestablished-than-risk-split-justin-welby-reportedly-says

Harriet Sherwood reports that archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby is said to have stated at a private meeting with about a dozen MPs at Westminster on Monday that he's prefer to see the Church of England disestablished than the Anglican communion fractured when member churches opposed to respecting the rights of LGBTQ people left the communion if the C of E blesses same-sex marriages in church.

#ChurchofEngland #AnglicanCommunion #humanrights #SameSexMarriage

/1

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/01/better-c-of-e-is-disestablished-than-risk-split-justin-welby-reportedly-says

@fonddulacbish8 And finally, the wonderful #bishop of Fond Du Lac in the #episcopal church gets a mirror of his twitter since he is wonderful. #AnglicanCommunion #Anglican

@fonddulacbish8 And finally, the wonderful #bishop of Fond Du Lac in the #episcopal church gets a mirror of his twitter since he is wonderful. #AnglicanCommunion #Anglican

@fonddulacbish8 And finally, the wonderful #bishop of Fond Du Lac in the #episcopal church gets a mirror of his twitter since he is wonderful. #AnglicanCommunion #Anglican

@[email protected] And finally, the wonderful #bishop of Fond Du Lac in the #episcopal church gets a mirror of his twitter since he is wonderful. #AnglicanCommunion #Anglican

@anglicanworld I have also made a mirror for the #AnglicanCommunion twitter feed. #Episcopal #EpiscopalChurch #AnglicanCommunion #Anglican

@anglicanworld I have also made a mirror for the #AnglicanCommunion twitter feed. #Episcopal #EpiscopalChurch #AnglicanCommunion #Anglican

@anglicanworld I have also made a mirror for the #AnglicanCommunion twitter feed. #Episcopal #EpiscopalChurch #AnglicanCommunion #Anglican

@[email protected] I have also made a mirror for the #AnglicanCommunion twitter feed. #Episcopal #EpiscopalChurch #AnglicanCommunion #Anglican

@iamepiscopalian Is a mirror of The #EpiscopalChurch twitter feed. Again I hope they leave that mess soon. This will have to do until then. #Episcopal #Anglican #AnglicanCommunion

@iamepiscopalian Is a mirror of The #EpiscopalChurch twitter feed. Again I hope they leave that mess soon. This will have to do until then. #Episcopal #Anglican #AnglicanCommunion

@[email protected] Is a mirror of The #EpiscopalChurch twitter feed. Again I hope they leave that mess soon. This will have to do until then. #Episcopal #Anglican #AnglicanCommunion

As the Most Reverends have not left Elon's Nest I have made automatic mirrors of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Presiding Bishop's Twitter accounts. #Episcopal #Anglican #EpiscopalChurch #AnglicanCommunion #archbishops

@justinwelby @pb_curry

As the Most Reverends have not left Elon's Nest I have made automatic mirrors of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Presiding Bishop's Twitter accounts. #Episcopal #Anglican #EpiscopalChurch #AnglicanCommunion #archbishops

@justinwelby @pb_curry

As the Most Reverends have not left Elon's Nest I have made automatic mirrors of the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Presiding Bishop's Twitter accounts. #Episcopal #Anglican #EpiscopalChurch #AnglicanCommunion #archbishops

@[email protected] @[email protected]

Friction over LGBTQ issues worsens in global Anglican church https://apnews.com/article/anglican-church-lgbtq-issues-4f635708fdb24df166ac8237f9473f00 #AnglicanCommunion #AsiaPacific #JustinWelby #APTopNews #WorldNews #Gayrights #Religion #Marriage #England #Europe #Africa

Friction over LGBTQ issues worsens in global Anglican church https://apnews.com/article/anglican-church-lgbtq-issues-4f635708fdb24df166ac8237f9473f00 #AnglicanCommunion #AsiaPacific #JustinWelby #APTopNews #WorldNews #Gayrights #Religion #Marriage #England #Europe #Africa

How may I pray for you this morning? #TEC #seminarylife #AnglicanCommunion #Advent2022 #SecondSundayofAdvent

How may I pray for you this morning? #TEC #seminarylife #AnglicanCommunion #Advent2022 #SecondSundayofAdvent

A few interests:

#socialism #christianity #anglicanism #anglocatholic #theepiscopalchurch #TEC #seminary #leftism #leftisbest #books #reading #baseball #ChicagoCubs #bluesmusic #liturgy #anglicancommunion #unionyes #theatre #beloitcollege #bexleyseaburyseminary #ruralliving #art #offgriddreams

A few interests:

#socialism #christianity #anglicanism #anglocatholic #theepiscopalchurch #TEC #seminary #leftism #leftisbest #books #reading #baseball #ChicagoCubs #bluesmusic #liturgy #anglicancommunion #unionyes #theatre #beloitcollege #bexleyseaburyseminary #ruralliving #art #offgriddreams

A few interests:

#socialism #christianity #anglicanism #anglocatholic #theepiscopalchurch #TEC #seminary #leftism #leftisbest #books #reading #baseball #ChicagoCubs #bluesmusic #liturgy #anglicancommunion #unionyes #theatre #beloitcollege #bexleyseaburyseminary #ruralliving #art #offgriddreams