home.social

#aletha-leonard — Public Fediverse posts

Live and recent posts from across the Fediverse tagged #aletha-leonard, aggregated by home.social.

fetched live
  1. Thomas Leonard (1752-1832) and Hannah James (1752-1842): Children Robert, Thomas, John, Hezekiah, Samuel, Griffith, Colin, and Hannah

    Griffith James Leonard, photo uploaded to Ancestry tree “Leonard/ Leonard/McLeod/Miller Family Tree,” maintained by dawnleonard818

    Or, Subtitled: “Saw Lincoln County when it was a cane brake infested with bear, wolves, deer and many other wild animals”

    In three previous postings, I discussed the life of Thomas Leonard (1752-1832), son of Robert Leonard and Honor Pritchard. I began with a look at the documents that chronicle his early years in Maryland, where he was born in the part of Frederick County that became Washington County in 1776, and where Thomas married Hannah, daughter of Griffith James, about 1775. I then looked at Thomas’ years in Pendleton District, South Carolina, to which he, his siblings, and their widowed mother Honor moved from Maryland by early 1786. I ended with an examination of documents following Thomas’ life in Lincoln (later Marshall) County, Tennessee, from 1808 up to his death in 1832. (Please click the numeral 2 below to read the continuation of this posting.)

    In this posting, I’m going to provide a brief overview of the children of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James. My goal is to document salient facts about each of these children, e.g., dates and places of birth, marriage, and death. There’s much more information to be found about each child. The following accounts of the children of Thomas and Hannah James Leonard are not exhaustive:

    1. Robert Leonard, the first child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born 14 February 1777 in Washington County, Maryland, and died 4 August 1844 at Rusk in Cherokee County, Texas. On 17 March 1807 in Abbeville County, South Carolina, Robert married Rachel Dunlap. These dates of birth, marriage, and death are provided by Robert and Rachel’s son Thomas Dunlap Leonard in his record of the family of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James written in 1883. This document, entitled “Biography of the Leonards,” has been discussed in previous postings (and here) noting that its present whereabouts are not known and that it has circulated among Leonard descendants as a typescript.

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard records the following about his parents Robert Leonard and Rachel Dunlap:[1]

    Robert was the oldest child, born in Maryland the 14th of Feb., 1777. Married Rachel, dau of Wm. Dunlap in Abbeville District of So Carolina on 17 Mar 1807. He moved with his father to Lincoln Co Tn and settled on Cane Creek half a mile above Petersburg. Subsequently moved to middle Alabama, settled in Perry Co where he lived from 1818 to 1824, lived there until 1840, then to Texas, settled in Cherokee Co. where he died on 4 Aug. 1844 in the 67th year of his age. He was a hatter by trade, also a farmer. His life was spent in usefulness to his neighbors, his country and his family, teaching his children the importance of industry, honesty, and truthfulness. At all times with his wife taught their children the importance of the Christian religion which all had embraced before their death, but two and they embraced since the death of their parents. Robert was truly a good man, good husband, good father, good citizen; he was my father and his wife Rachel, my mother. Language will fail me in attempting to portray her excellencies. She was brought up in the faith and membership of the Presbyterian Church and strictly adhered to their discipline in the government of her family, teaching them to observe the commandments of our Saviour.

    She ruled her children in love and impressed on their minds at their earliest age those principles of love to God and love of His services, and to search his words of truth for their guide through life. She became convinced of the importance of immersion as baptism, when she was about 40 years of age, when she and her husband were buried with Christ in baptism in Flint River, Madison Co. Ala. She lived to see all of her children members of the Baptist Church, but two and they followed in her footsteps after her death. She died in Cherokee Co, Tx in the year 1862 in the 62nd year of her life and was buried by the side of her husband in the town of Rusk, Cherokee Co. Tx. after having spent a long life of usefulness, to her family, neighbors, and church. Thus ended the life of a God loving woman.

    A previous posting explains why I think it’s likely that, following Thomas Leonard’s marriage to Hannah James about 1775, this couple lived at Sharpsburg in Washington County, where Hannah’s father Griffith James lived. If I’m correct in deducing this, then Thomas and Hannah’s son Robert and the three (or possibly four: see the notes below on Samuel) brothers born after him in Washington County were probably all born in Sharpsburg.

    A biography of Robert’s son William R. Leonard (1822-1905) in Memorial and Biographical History of McLennan, Falls, Bell and Coryell Counties, Texas states that his father Robert Leonard was a soldier of the War of 1812 and served under Andrew Jackson at the battle of Horseshoe Bend.[2] His service papers show him serving under Colonel Robert Dyer in the Cavalry and Mounted Gunmen of Tennessee Volunteers.[3]

    The biography of William R. Leonard also indicates that his father Robert Leonard moved about 1824 to Madison County, Alabama, where he lived on the Flint River nine miles east of Huntsville.[4] He then moved to Texas about 1840, according to this source, settling first in Nacogdoches County and then in Cherokee County, where he died in 1844, aged 67. A certificate for a Texas headright grant that Robert Leonard received on 4 March 1844 states that he arrived in Texas on 3 April 1840.[5] As a previous posting notes, Robert’s brother Thomas moved from Limestone County, Alabama, to Nacogdoches County, Texas, in June 1839, receiving a headright grant that fell into Cherokee County at that county’s formation in July 1845. In moving to this part of Texas in 1840, Robert Leonard was following in the footsteps of his brother Thomas.

    At her “Leonard/Kellum/Hughes Family Tree” at Ancestry, Peggy Strickland states,[6]

    According to old hand written Leonard Family history, Rachel [Dunlap]’s Father brought Rachel and her two sisters from Ireland, their mother having died in Ireland when Rachel was three years old. Her Father had previously been to America and fought in the Revolutionary War, in which he lost one leg.

    The 1850 federal census for Cherokee County, Texas, on which the widowed Rachel is shown living at Rusk, reports her birthplace as Ireland.[7]  A previous posting talks briefly about a Limestone County, Alabama, court case that ensued after Robert Leonard’s brother Thomas sold his homeplace in that county to their brother John Leonard in 1839 as Thomas prepared to move to Texas. The court case, James Birdwell, assignee, vs. John Linard, revolved around a promissory note for $500 that James Birdwell, who married Thomas Leonard’s daughter Aletha, claimed Thomas assigned to him when John paid him for his land. James alleged that the promissory note was given to Rachel, wife of Robert Leonard, for safekeeping. Robert and wife Rachel moved to Texas soon after Thomas moved his family there. John Leonard died in 1846 and James, who then died in 1849, claimed that Rachel had never delivered John’s $500 promissory note to Thomas Leonard to him.

    As the first-born son of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James (and their first child), I think it’s likely Robert Leonard was given the name Robert after his paternal grandfather Robert Leonard.

    2. Thomas Lewis Leonard, the second child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born in 1781 in Washington County, Maryland, and died in October 1870 in Cherokee County, Texas. About 1800 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, he married Sarah M. Lauderdale, daughter of John Lauderdale and Milbury Mauldin. Sarah’s name is consistently written in documents with the middle initial M.; I suspect her full name was Sarah Mauldin Lauderdale, and that she was named for her grandmother Sarah, wife of John Mauldin.

    Thomas is my direct ancestor, and I’ve provided extensive documentation in previous postings about his life in Maryland, South Carolina and Tennessee, then about his years in Limestone County, Alabama (and here), and finally about his final years in Cherokee County, Texas.

    John Leonard’s signature on a 14 October 1843 promissory note in Madison County, Alabama, Circuit Court Case File, Brooks, Linard 1843

    3. John Leonard, the third child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born between 1781 and 1784 in Washington County, Maryland, and died 14 November 1846 in Limestone County, Alabama. In 1806 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, he married Hannah Fowler, daughter of Joshua and Elizabeth Fowler.[8]

    My reason for assigning John a birthdate of 1781-4 is as follows: in his discussion of the children of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, Thomas Dunlap Leonard indicates that John was the third child of Thomas and Hannah, born after his brother Thomas and prior to his brother Hezekiah. We know that Thomas Lewis Leonard was born in 1781, and as I’ll discuss below, the tombstone of Hezekiah Leonard shows his date of birth as 24 June 1784. So John was born between 1781 and June 1784. The 1830 and 1840 federal censuses confirm that he was born between 1780 and 1789.[9]

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard states the following about John Leonard:

    John Leonard married Hannah Fowler, daughter of Joshua Fowler of So Carolina about 1806, moved to Madison Co., Ala, where he lived until 1838, when he moved to Limestone Co., Al, where he lived until death, which occurred about 1847 or 1848. Hannah, his wife, died in Madison Co. about 1828 or 1829. Their children were born near Madison Cross Roads in Madison Co. John lived through life as he had been reared up by his parents, a lover of all the ennobling virtues that constitute good child, a good husband, father and citizen. I was intimately acquainted with him, the last 20 years of his life. He was governed in all his actions through life from the noble principles of Christian spirit, truth and honesty was his motto. When I look back at the character of old acquaintances, John Leonard stands side by side with the best of citizens of old Madison Co. When I look back from my old age, my heart swells within me of love and admiration for the excellence of John Leonard. Aunt Hannah was truly his peer in all of the excellencies of wife, companion, mother and citizen. The character of her daughters prove the excellencies of the early training of the mother. Their deportment gives a better comment on the life and character of their mother than I can give.

    In the War of 1812, John Leonard served in the 16th Regiment of Burrus’ Mississippi Militia.[10] Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Burrus’ regiment was comprised for the most part of men living in or near Madison County, Mississippi Territory (later Alabama), which bordered on Lincoln County, Tennessee.[11] Also serving in Burrus’ militia was Robert Leonard’s first cousin Samuel Dean, son of Robert’s aunt Gwendolyn James and husband Samuel Dean, and Moses Birdwell, father of James Birdwell who married John Leonard’s niece Aletha, daughter of Thomas Lewis Leonard. Moses also had a daughter whose given name I haven’t found, who married a Lamb, and Alfred L. Lamb, a son of that couple, married John Leonard’s daughter Hannah A.E. Leonard.

    John Leonard’s date of death is stated in a will book of Limestone County, Alabama, according to his descendant Jackie Leonard of Athens, Alabama.[12]Minutes of the Limestone County circuit court case James Birdwell assignee vs. George W. Fisher admr. of John Linard dec’d. state on 2 December 1846 that “the said John Linard hath departed this life intestate as we are informed” and that George W. Fisher was estate administrator.[13] Fisher was granted administration on 6 December 1846.[14]

    Tombstone of Hezekiah Leonard, photo by Jimmy Trout — see Find a Grave memorial page of Hezekiah Leonard, Leonard cemetery, Marshall County, Tennessee, created by Donna B., maintained by Prairie Mary

    4. Hezekiah Leonard, the fourth child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born 24 June 1784 in Washington County, Maryland, and died 27 March 1817 in Lincoln County, Tennessee. These dates of birth and death are inscribed on his tombstone in the Leonard family cemetery at the old Thomas Leonard homestead just north of Petersburg, Marshall County, Tennessee.[15]

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard says this about Hezekiah:

    Hezekiah, a son of Thomas and Hannah Leonard died at the home of his parents in Lincoln Tenn. about the year 1816. He was grown not married.

    Hezekiah left a nuncupative will in Lincoln County dated 27 March 1817.[16] The will, which was probated 5 May 1817, states that Hezekiah was in “his last sickness” and bequeaths Hezekiah’s property to his brother Griffith. It was witnessed by his brother Robert and cousin George, son of William Leonard.

    5. Samuel Leonard, the fifth child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born about 1786 in either Washington County, Maryland, or Pendleton District, South Carolina. He died about 1817 in Lincoln County, Tennessee. I estimate Samuel’s birthdate as about 1786 because Thomas Dunlap Leonard places him between his brother Hezekiah, who was born 24 June 1784, and his brother Griffith, who was born 26 September 1787. Since his parents moved from Maryland to Pendleton District, South Carolina, late in 1785 or early in 1786, I think he may have been born in either Maryland or South Carolina.

    After having noted that Hezekiah Leonard died at the home of his parents in Lincoln County, Tennessee, in about 1816, Thomas Dunlap Leonard states:

    Samuel at, and near the same time, he was just about grown.

    I think it’s likely that Samuel is buried in the Leonard family cemetery, but I haven’t seen any transcription of a tombstone for him.

    6. Griffith James Leonard, the sixth child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born 26 September 1787 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, and died 1 September 1864 in Marshall County, Tennessee. On 7 April 1836 in Lincoln County, Tennessee, he married Nancy Emmett Porter, daughter of Stephen and Mary Porter.

    Griffith’s dates of birth and death are recorded on his tombstone in the family cemetery on Thomas Leonard’s old homestead just north of Petersburg, Tennessee.[17] Griffith’s date of death is also stated in an affidavit given by John Cowden and the widow Nancy in Marshall County on 22 August 1868; the affidavit is found in his War of 1812 pension and bounty land application file.[18] John Cowden was the husband of Mary Hannah Leonard, daughter of Griffith and Nancy Leonard. John and his mother-in-law Nancy state that Griffith was aged 73 when he died on 1 September 1864. Their affidavit also says that he refused to vote for secession in the vote held in Tennessee on 8 June 1861 and was consistently loyal to the Union though his son Samuel was a Confederate soldier.

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard offers a fulsome remembrance of his uncle Griffith James Leonard and Griffith’s wife Nancy:

    Griffith J. Leonard remained with his parents until their death bestowing that care on them that was essential to their happiness is old age. Having by inheritance and cultivation obtained those hightoned traits of character that fitly qualified him for the practical duties of life as a good citizen, husband and father. His neighbors can all testify to his excellencies of character with pleasure. His children proved the excellencies of their parents.  Griffith Leonard was a superior order of intellect, had no opportunities of school la early life to improve his intellect. He was a self made man and had acquired a fine degree of practical and useful knowledge. A man of high toned moral principles not capable of condescending to any low degrading act under any circumstances. He was a true patriot through life, he fell from an unerring rifle shot of an Indian warrior on the furious battlefield of Talledega, Ala. in the year 1812. It pierced his neck and passed through, from which wound he recovered and lived to marry his [wife?] and bring up an excellent family. He also accumulated a good home, a good large tract of Tennessee best land for his amiable widow and children.

    He leaves them as his parents left him viz, with high toned sense of moral training to qualify them for usefulness to society, themselves and their God. He died 1a the year 1864, being In the 77th year of his age. Thus ended the long and useful life of Griffith J. Leonard, leaving his amiable wife with a large family to care for at the end of a cruel war that had devastated nearly every ordinary contort of life, and in the midst of a helpless people as herself. Yet she by inheritance and education had a good stock of industry and economies to draw from. That she has brought up her excellent family is credit to herself and to her departed husband. She has demonstrated these excellent traits of character inherited from her parents end by education that so fitly qualified her for her duties as mother to her children and her labor has been crowned with success.

    Nancy Porter was a daughter of Stephen and Sary Porter, born Jan. 10, 1818. They were the best of citizens, Iived up to those excellent rules of discipline that so eminently qualified them for usefulness in life to themselves, families, neighbors and their God. Stephen Porter’s excellent example will be remembered by his acquaintances with pleasure as long as their lives last. It affords me pleasure now to look back over half a century when Stephen Porter assembled his family and visiting neighbors around the family altar for prayer night and morning. His Godly influence was felt by his neighbors during life, and after death he was missed by all. He has gone to his reward of a good man. May his posterity emulate his worthy example.

    1 August 1851 bounty land claim of Griffith J. Leonard, in NARA, War of 1812 Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application Files, compiled ca. 1871 – ca. 1900, documenting the period 1812 – ca. 1900, RG 15, file of Griffith J. Lenard, WC 15252, widow Nancy E., WO 25978, available digitally at Fold3

    Griffith’s War of 1812 pension and bounty land file contains further detailed information about his service and injuries during that war. On 1 August 1851, Griffith filed a bounty land claim in Marshall County that is preserved in this file. This document states that Griffith was aged 64 and living in Marshall County. It also notes he was a sergeant in Captain John Porter’s 1st Regiment of the Tennessee Militia under Col. J.K Wynn in the Creek War. He was drafted at Fayetteville, Tennessee, on 1 October 1813 and discharged at Fayetteville on 1 January 1814. The affidavit was signed by Griffith.

    Another affidavit Griffith gave in Marshall County on 2 June 1855 is in the pension and bounty land file. This gives his age as 69 and states that he was a resident of Marshall County.  It further indicates that he was a 1st sergeant under Colonel John Porter in the 1st regiment of Col. John K. Wynn in the War with Great Britain and the Creek Indians of 1812-1815. He had made a bounty-land application for this service on 28 September 1850. Again, this document is signed Griffith Lenard.

    A 4 July 1871 affidavit of Nancy Leonard in Marshall County found in the pension and bounty land file attests to her husband’s service. Nancy notes that Griffith was severely wounded on 8 November 1813 at Talladega, Alabama. She signs the affidavit Nancy E. Lenard. 

    An affidavit provided by James Luna, an ensign in Griffith’s unit, on 4 September 1845 in Marshall County says that Griffith J. Leonard was a 1st sergeant in John Porter’s Company of West Tennessee Militia and served in the action against the Creeks from October 1813 to January 1814. He received a severe wound in his neck in the battle of Talladega on 9 November 1813, Luna states.

    A biography of Griffith’s grandson Dr. John Norris Cowden also speaks of his grandfather Griffith J. Leonard’s War of 1812 service.[19]  Noting that John Norris Cowden was the son of Dr. John Cowden and Mary Hannah Leonard and was born in Marshall County, the biography states:

    James Griffith Leonard, the father of Mrs. Cowden, was an intimate friend of General Andrew Jackson, under whom he served throughout the War of 1812, participating in the battle of Tishomingo [sic].

    As Thomas Dunlap Leonard’s biography of his uncle Griffith notes, Griffith was the son who remained at home with his parents Thomas and Hannah Leonard up to their deaths, and for this reason, his father willed the family homeplace and land to his son Griffith. Thomas Leonard’s will is transcribed and discussed in a previous posting noting that the will stipulates that Griffith was to care for his mother Hannah up to her death. Griffith and wife Nancy continued living in the old Leonard house up to their deaths, with Griffith leaving the homeplace to his son William Stephen (Bud) Leonard.

    In an article published in the Fayetteville Observer in August 1908, John Bright speaks of a number of early settlers of Lincoln County, Tennessee, including Griffith James Leonard.[20] Bright notes that Griffith, whose wife was Nancy Porter, came to Lincoln County at an early date, settling north of Petersburg and leaving “a character of good citizenship, worthy of imitation by his posterity.” 

    Nancy Porter Leonard, seated, right, with granddaughter Josie Cowden Bliss behind her, photo uploaded to Ancestry tree “Leonard/ Leonard/McLeod/Miller Family Tree,” maintained by dawnleonard818 Samuel James Leonard, seated front middle, and family, photo uploaded to Ancestry tree “Leonard/ Leonard/McLeod/Miller Family Tree,” maintained by dawnleonard818

    Griffith James Leonard was named for his maternal grandfather Griffith James, who moved from Washington County, Maryland, to Pendleton District, South Carolina, following his children who had settled there in the 1780s. Photos of Griffith James Leonard, his wife Nancy, and their son Samuel with Samuel’s family are found at the Ancestry tree of Dawn Leonard, “Leonard/ Leonard/McLeod/Miller Family Tree.”[21] The photo of Griffith is found at the head of this posting.

    7. Colin Campbell Leonard, the seventh child of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born about 1791 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, and died between 16 June 1856 and 29 November 1859 in Jackson County, Arkansas. About 1817 in Lincoln County, Tennessee, Colin married Jean Williams. As Thomas Dunlap Leonard’s brief biography of his uncle Colin states, Colin’s wife Jean died and he then married a second time. Thomas D. Leonard appears not to have known the name of Colin’s second wife.

    Thomas D. Leonard states the following about Colin Campbell Leonard:

    Collin Campbell Leonard son of Thos, and Hannah Leonard was born in Maryland, brought up in South Carolina, married Miss Jean Williams of Tennessee about the year 1817. I have no knowledge of the Williams family. They had only two children, a daughter and a son. I am under the impression both children are dead. Aunt Jean died and Uncle Collin moved from Lincoln County to McNairy County West Tenn. He married the second time, had seven children by her. I met with two sons on the battle field of Perryville, Ky. I have no further knowledge of his family.

    Uncle Collin was dissipated (drank) in early life. He was a good soldier in the Indian war of 1812 to 14. He was a true friend to friends and bitter enemy to his enemies. He possessed noble generous principles. His latter life was a steady habits. He became a member of the Methodist church and a preacher before death. His sons informed us that their father was dead. Nothing further is known of his family.

    The 1850 federal census shows Colin with a woman in his household whose name is given by the census taker as Mary A.L. (or S.?) Collins, aged 28, born in Virginia.[22] The census lists Colin as a farmer aged 59 who was born in Tennessee. Also in the household are children Colin C., 12, Thomas C., 8, William R., 6, and Levi W., aged 1, all born in Tennessee.

    It appears to me that Mary is Colin’s wife, and that the census taker has inadvertently assigned her the surname Collins because her husband is named Colin C. Leonard. At some point after this census enumeration was made, the family moved to Jackson County, Arkansas, where on 20 June 1855, a circuit course case of debt, Atrides Crow v. Collin C. Leonard, was filed.[23] On 16 June 1856, Colin’s property was attached by the sheriff due to a judgment in this case.[24]

    On 29 November 1859, Mary Leonard married Cyrus Black in Jackson County, Arkansas.[25] The marriage record gives Mary’s age as 37, indicating an 1822 birth year. This matches the birth year of the Mary who is found in Colin Campbell’s household on the 1850 federal census and who appears to be mother of his sons Colin C., Thomas C., William R., and Levi W.

    The federal census shows Cyrus and Mary Black living at Cache in Jackson County, Jacksonport post office.[26] Mary is aged 37 and born in Virginia — a match to the Mary found in Colin C. Leonard’s household in 1850.  Also in the household are Thomas, William, and Levi from Colin’s household on the 1850 census, all now with the surname Black, and daughters Nancy and Alfy Black, aged 8 and 4, who are likely also children of Colin C. Leonard. Nancy was born in Tennessee and Alfy (who is likely Alpha) in Arkansas. 

    Colin Campbell Leonard was named for his uncle Colin Campbell, who married Mary Ann Leonard, sister of Thomas Leonard. For a discussion of documents showing Colin Campbell Leonard receiving permission to keep an ordinary at his father’s house in Lincoln County, Tennessee, and being charged in that county with assault and battery, see this previous posting.

    Hannah Leonard and William Depriest Moore — see Amy Edmiston, “The Moore Homestead,” Pretty Old Places

    8. Hannah Leonard, the eighth child and only daughter of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born 10 January 1795 in Pendleton District, South Carolina, and died 11 December 1886 at Petersburg in Marshall County, Tennessee. On 1 July 1817 in Lincoln County, Tennessee, she married William Depriest Moore, son of David Dower Moore and Jane Depriest.

    These dates were inscribed on Hannah’s tombstone in the Moore family cemetery outside Petersburg.[27] The stone is now broken into pieces, though William D. Moore’s stone remains intact and legible.

    The War of 1812 pension and bounty land application file of William Depriest Moore and wife Hannah contains a 23 May 1878 document stating that Hannah was aged 82, née Leonard, living near Petersburg, and had married William D. Moore on 1 July 1817 in Lincoln County, Tennessee.[28] William, who was a Virginia native, served during this war as a private in Captain David Elliott’s Company, Kentucky Militia.

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard offers an extensive reminiscence of his aunt Hannah and her husband William D. Moore:

    Hannah Leonard married William D. Moore of Kentucky in the year 1827. He was a house painter and cabinet workman, equal to any of his day. He was a man of superior genius of mind, his natural endowments were above the average. He cultivated it to a general usefulness in practical science. He was a good farmer, fine judge of stock, which he had a fine taste for and cultivated successfully. He was truthful, honest, and reliable in every sense of the term. He accumulated a good living, raised a family of six children, viz Angeline, Thomas D., Alpha, Alitha, William C., Margaret, and Amanda. He died in November in 1855, leaving Hannah with a competency and with her most amiable of children to take care of her in old age, which duty they here performed, to credit to themselves and satisfaction to their aged mother, who still survives and is now 89 years of age, now living with her son-in-law and daughter, Jo. J. S. and Angelina Gill.

    Hannah was the only daughter of Thomas and Hannah Leonard. Language fails me to portray the excellencies of this good woman neither can her neighbors or children do her justice. She has lived for seventy five years near where she now Ilves. Saw Lincoln County when it was a cane brake infested with bear, wolves, deer and many other wild animals.  Right around Petersburg and cane Creek all of her age have gone across the river. She is left as a lone tree of the forest but must soon fall, and go to join her loved ones that have gone before and must follow after. She has an Inheritance awaiting her that is far better than anything she has ever realised on earth. I rejoice to know that kindred blood course my veins, that I can say she is my aunt, my father’s sister.  I rejoice to know she has left such a noble posterity that acted well their parts in life. I rejoice to know that I as their biographers of William D. and Hannah Moore gives me such pleasure to speak of their merits without a stain on their character. I rejoice to know that the hand and heart of their daughter[s] have been sought by the noblest sons of Tenn., also that their sons sought and obtained their equals in the daughters of Tennessee.

    William D. Moore farm May 2025, ibid. William D. Moore house, ibid. Original front downstairs room, William D. Moore house, ibid. Daughters of William D. Moore and Hannah Leonard — Angelina, Amanda, Aletha, Margaret, ibid.

    A portrait-photograph of Hannah Leonard and William Depriest Moore appears in a number of published sources and has recently been published online as their old Marshall County homeplace and farm have gone on the market for sale.[29] The portrait is featured along with photos of the farm and the Moore house in Amy Edmiston’s Pretty Old Places blog.[30]

    [1] Thomas Dunlap Leonard, “Biography of the Leonards” (1883 manuscript now circulated as typescript; present whereabouts are not known). The 14 February 1777 date of birth is also stated in a lineage provided by Sarah Johnson Berliner to DAR: See NSDAR Lineage Book, vol. 93 (1912) p. 83; and Mary Smith Fay, War of 1812 Veterans in Texas (New Orleans, 1979; repr. Greenville, South Carolina: Southern Historical Press, 1994), apparently citing records filed by U.S. Daughters of 1812 Descendants.

    [2] Memorial and Biographical History of McLennan, Falls, Bell and Coryell Counties, Texas (Chicago: Lewis, 1893), pp. 721-3. This biography gives William’s middle name as Rinualdi. The “Anderson-Monroe Family Tree” at Ancestry maintained by weblady173 has a digital image of a page from a bible that appears to have belonged to one of William R. Leonard’s children, giving his middle name as Roden. This Ancestry tree also has a copy of an undated autobiography written by William R. Leonard near the end of his life, which appears not to have been finished and was transcribed by one of his children.

    [3] NARA, Indexes to the Carded Records of Soldiers Who Served in Volunteer Organizations During the War of 1812, compiled 1899 – 1927, documenting the period 1812 – 1815 RG 94, file of Robert Lenard, available digitally at Fold3. Fay, War of 1812 Veterans in Texas, states that Robert served in Captain Edwin S. Moore’s Company of Tennessee Volunteers.

    [4] Memorial and Biographical History of McLennan, Falls, Bell and Coryell Counties, Texas, pp. 721-3.

    [5] Nacogdoches District Court Returns, files 54 and 58, available digitally at the website of Texas General Land Office.

    [6] PeggyStrickland55, “Leonard/Kellum/Hughes Family Tree,” Ancestry.

    [7] 1850 federal census, Cherokee County, Texas, town of Rusk, p. 61 (dwelling/family 412, 31 October).

    [8] The marriage is indexed in Ancestry’s database entitled South Carolina Marriage Index, 1641-1965, compiled by Hunting For Bears (2005). A specific date of marriage is not given in this database; this entry appears to be citing Georgia Genealogical Magazine, no. 60-61 (spring-summer 1976). Thomas Dunlap Leonard’s “Biography of the Leonards” also states that John Leonard married Hannah Fowler “about 1806.”

    [9] 1830 federal census, Madison County, Alabama, p. 72A, showing John aged 40-49 (the surname is Linard here); and 1840 federal census, Limestone County, Alabama, p. 151A, showing John aged 50-59.

    [10] NARA, Indexes to the Carded Records of Soldiers Who Served in Volunteer Organizations During the War of 1812, compiled 1899 – 1927, documenting the period 1812 – 1815, RG 94, file of John Lenard, available digitally at Fold3.

    [11] See “16th Regiment, Mississippi Militia, War of 1812,” at WikiTree.

    [12] Jackie Leonard is citing Limestone County, Alabama, Will Bk. 7, p. 333, which states that John Leonard was “dec’d. 14 Nov. 1846.” Because this will book is under lock and key in the digital files available at the FamilySearch site, I haven’t been able to access the original and obtain further information about this document.

    [13] Limestone County, Alabama, Circuit Court Minutes Bk. 1847-1857, p. 136.

    [14] Limestone County, Alabama, County Court Record Bk. 1830-1849, p. 422 mistakenly writing the year as 1847 and not as 1846.

    [15] See Find a Grave memorial page of Hezekiah Leonard, Leonard cemetery, Marshall County, Tennessee, created by Donna B., maintained by Prairie Mary, with a tombstone photo by Jimmy Trout.

    [16] Lincoln County, Tennessee, Will Bk. 1, p. 156-7. See also Frances T. Ingmire, Lincoln County, Tennessee, Wills, Inventories, and Miscellaneous, March 1809 – April 1824 (St. Louis, 1984), p. 8; and Helen C. and Timothy R. Marsh, Wills and Inventories of Lincoln County, Tennessee (Easley, South Carolina: Southern Historical Press, 1989), p. 8.

    [17] See Find a Grave memorial page of Griffith J. Leonard, Leonard cemetery, Marshall County, Tennessee, created by Louise Jenkins, with a tombstone photo by Jimmy Trout.

    [18] NARA, War of 1812 Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application Files, compiled ca. 1871 – ca. 1900, documenting the period 1812 – ca. 1900, RG 15, file of Griffith J. Lenard, WC 15252, widow Nancy E., WO 25978, available digitally at Fold3. Nancy’s widow’s brief has a cover page stating that her maiden name was Nancy E. Porter and that she received certificate 15252 and bounty land warrants 56760-40-50 and 79828-12055. This cover pages also says that Griffith J. Leonard and Nancy Porter married in Lincoln County, Tennessee, on 7 April 1836, and that Nancy died 18 April 1910 at Petersburg, Tennessee.

    [19] John Trotwood Moore and Austin P. Foster, Tennessee, the Volunteer State, 1769-1923, vol. 3 (Chicago: S.S. Clarke, 1923), pp. 238-241. See also this previous posting about Dr. John Norris Cowden.

    [20] Fayetteville Observer (27 August 1908).

    [21] Ancestry tree “Leonard/ Leonard/McLeod/Miller Family Tree, maintained by dawnleonard818. Photo of Griffith, of wife Nancy, and of son Samuel James Leonard with his family.

    [22] 1850 federal census, Rutherford County, Tennessee, Gambrill district, p. 184 (dwelling/family 483, 30 September).

    [23] Jackson County, Arkansas, Circuit Court Minutes Bk. B, pp. 544-5, 561.

    [24] Jackson County, Arkansas, Deed Bk. G, pp. 32-5.

    [25] Jackson County, Arkansas, Marriage Bk. I.

    [26] 1850 federal census, Jackson County, Arkansas, Cache, Jacksonport post office, p. 610B (dwelling/family 1069; 7 August). Cyrus Black appears to have died by 17 December 1866, when Mary E.L. Black married Ephraim L. Hughey, a South Carolinian who came to Arkansas from Fayette County, Alabama, in Jackson County. Ephraim died in Jackson County on 4 May 1874 and the 1880 federal census for Jackson County shows Mary as the widow Hughey with her son Levi W. Leonard (this is his surname now, not Black) living next to her with his wife Mary Catherine Narrimore and their children.

    [27] See Helen C. Marsh, Timothy R. Marsh, and Ralph D. Whitsell, Cemetery Records of Marshall County, Tennessee (Shelbyville, Tennessee: Marsh Historical Publishing, 1981), p. 253. The 10 January 1795 birthdate for Hannah also appears in Jane Wallace Alford, Revolutionary War Patriots of Marshall County, Tennessee (Lewisburg, Tennessee: Webb, 1976); in Gail Gill Sanders, “Joseph Jonathan S. and Angelina (Moore) Gill,” in Heritage of Lincoln County, Tennessee, ed. Lincoln Co. Heritage Committee (Waynesville, NC: Walsworth, 2005), p. 321; and in Adelaide Moore Moss, “William Depriest Moore,” in ibid., p. 517. This birthdate for Hannah Leonard is also stated in DAR lineage reports submitted by Nancy Alford of the Robert Lewis chapter of Tennessee (DAR no. 537116) and of Mary Aletha Hathaway Dorsey of the Chief John Ross chapter (DAR no. 537605), both entering DAR as descendants of David Moore, father of William Depriest Moore.

    [28] NARA, War of 1812 Pension and Bounty Land Warrant Application Files, compiled ca. 1871 – ca. 1900, documenting the period 1812 – ca. 1900, RG 15, file of William D. Moore, , WC pension 17127 and WO pension 31237, available digitally at Fold3.

    [29] See J. Lester Wolfe, “Thomas Leonard,” in Heritage of Lincoln County, Tennessee, ed. Lincoln County Heritage Committee (Waynesville, North Carolina: County Heritage, 2005), p. 414; and Adelaide Moore Moss, “William DePriest Moore,” in ibid., p. 517, noting that Moss notes that William DePriest Moore and Hannah Leonard belonged to Union Grove Presbyterian church in Marshall County.

    [30] Amy Edmiston, “The Moore Homestead,” Pretty Old Places.

    #AbbevilleDistSouthCarolina #AlethaLeonard #AlfredLLamb #AlphaLeonard #AmandaLeonard #ancestry #AndrewJackson #AngelinaLeonard #AtridesCrow #BattleOfTalladega #CacheJacksonCoArkansas #CharlesBurrus #CherokeeCoTexas #ColinCampbell #ColinCampbellLeonard #CyrusBlack #DavidDowerMoore #DavidElliott #familyHistory #FayettevilleLincolnCoTennessee #FlintRiver #genealogy #GeorgeLeonard #GeorgeWFisher #GriffithJames #GriffithJamesLeonard #GwendolynJames #HannahAELeonard #HannahFowler #HannahJames #HannahLeonard #HezekiahLeonard #history #JacksonCoArkansas #JacksonportJacksonCoArkansas #JamesGBirdwell #JaneDepriest #JeanWilliams #JohnCowden #JohnKWynn #JohnLauderdale #JohnLeonard #JohnMauldin #JoshuaFowler #LeviWLeonard #LimestoneCoAlabama #LincolnCoTennessee #MadisonCoAlabama #MadisonCoMississippiTerritory #MadisonCrossroadsMadisonCoAlabama #MargaretLeonard #MarshallCoTennessee #MaryAnnLeonard #MaryHannahLeonard #McNairyCoTennessee #MilburyMauldin #MosesBirdwell #NacogdochesCoTexas #NancyEmmettPorter #NancyLeonard #PendletonDistSouthCarolina #PerryCoAlabama #PetersburgMarshallCoTennessee #RachelDunlap #RobertLeonard #RuskCherokeeCoTexas #SamuelDean #SamuelJamesLeonard #SamuelLeonard #SarahMLauderdale #SharpsburgWashingtonCoMaryland #StephenPorter #ThomasCLeonard #ThomasDunlapLeonard #ThomasLeonard #ThomasLewisLeonard #WashingtonCoMaryland #WilliamDepriestMoore #WilliamDunlap #WilliamRLeonard #WilliamRinualdiLeonard #WilliamRodenLeonard
  2. Thomas Lewis Leonard (1781-1870), Son of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James: Early Years in Maryland, South Carolina, and Tennessee

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard, “Biography of the Leonards” (manuscript transcribed as typescript, 1883)

    Or, Subtitled: “He was one of Limestone’s best citizens, no man stood higher as a good man than Thomas Leonard. His wife was his equal in all duties of a companion.”

    Thomas Lewis Leonard, son of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James, was born in 1781 in Washington County, Maryland. This date of birth is based on the 1850 and 1860 federal censuses. Both censuses enumerate him in Cherokee County, Texas.[1] In 1850, the census states that Thomas was 69 years old and in 1860, he’s listed as 79. Both censuses give his birthplace as Maryland. (To read the continuation of this posting, click the numeral 2 below.)

    Maryland Years, 1781-6

    The 1883 manuscript of Thomas Dunlap Leonard discussed previously (and also here) states that Thomas’ parents Thomas Leonard (1752-1832) and Hannah James “of Maryland” (1752-1842) married about 1775 and “after living in Maryland for several years after their marriage in 1775 and the birth of several children they moved to South Carolina.”[2] Since a stream of documents from September 1762 to March 1792 consistently shows Hannah’s father Griffith James living in Sharpsburg, Maryland, in that time frame, it seems reasonable to assume that Thomas Leonard and Hannah James married in Hannah’s home community of Sharpsburg. I also suspect that Thomas and Hannah lived in Sharpsburg near or with the family of her father Griffith James following their marriage, and that this is where Thomas Lewis Leonard was born.

    J. Thomas Scharf, History of Western Maryland: Being a History of Frederick, Montgomery, Carroll, Washington, Allegany, and Garrett Counties, etc., vol. 2 (Philadelphia: L.H. Everts, 1882), pp. 1189-1190

    A January 1776 record definitely places Thomas Leonard in the part of Frederick County, Maryland, that would become Washington County in September 1776: as Thomas J. Scharf states,[3]

    The first military company organized for the Revolutionary war in Hagerstown was mustered in January, 1776, the members whose names are appended subscribing to the following obligation: “We whose names are subscribed do hereby enroll ourselves into a company of military, agreeable to the resolution of a Provincial Convention held at Annapolis on the 26th of July, 1775, and we do promise and engage that we will respectively march to such places within this province and at such times as we shall be commanded by the convention or the Council of Safety of this province, or by our officers in pursuance of the orders of said convention or Council, and there with our whole power fight against whomsoever we shall be commanded by the authority aforesaid. Witness our hands the 6th day of January, 1776.”

    Scharf then lists the signatories to this declaration. They include Thomas Leonard, who signed next to Richard Moore. Richard was the son of Daniel Moore, who lived in Sharpsburg next to a Dean family intermarried with the family of Griffith James, whose land was across the road from the land of Griffith James.[4] Also signing the declaration were Samuel and Thomas Dean. Samuel Dean was Thomas Leonard’s brother-in-law; he married Hannah James’ sister Gwendolyn in Sharpsburg in 1773. Thomas Dean was Samuel’s brother. This militia unit was under the command of Joseph Chapline, founder of Sharpsburg and connected to Hannah James Leonard’s father Griffith James from the time Griffith James first appears in Sharpsburg records in September 1763.[5]

    Griffith James’ home tract outside Sharpsburg, Pough, viewed from Burnside Bridge Road, August 2007 Home tract of Dean family descending from Richard Dean viewed across Burnside Bridge Road from Griffith James’ home tract, Pough, August 2007

    Hagerstown, where this militia unit was formed, is a bit over thirteen miles north of Sharpsburg. Hagerstown was originally known as Elizabethtown, and Scharf is citing minutes of the Elizabethtown District Committee of Observation for 5 June 1776, which say that on that date, a list was presented to the committee compiled on 6 January 1776 of a group of men who signed their names to a resolution to form a militia per a resolution of the Provincial Convention held at Annapolis on 26 July 1775.[6]

    Frederick County, Maryland, Land Record Bk. E, pp. 659-660

    Various records place Thomas Leonard’s father Robert Leonard, a British professional soldier, at Fort Frederick some eighteen miles west of Hagerstown in the period leading up to the Revolution. Historian Henry Peden notes that Robert Leonard was stationed at Fort Frederick by August 1757, and that the account book of Colonel John Dagworthy, field commander at Fort Frederick in 1756, shows Robert Leonard paid for service by Dagworthy on 7 March 1763.[7] A document dated 8 February 1755 shows Robert Leonard indenturing his son William on that date to a local farmer.[8] In this document, Robert identifies himself as a soldier serving under Captain “Dagurthey.” When Fort Frederick was built in 1756, its construction was financed by Joseph Chapline of Sharpsburg, the same Joseph Chapline with ties to Griffith James, whose daughter Hannah married Robert Leonard’s son Thomas in or about 1775.[9]

    As a previous posting notes, Thomas Dunlap Leonard (1810-1888) states explicitly in his manuscript about the Leonard family that Robert Leonard was a soldier: the manuscript describes Robert as “a soldier of the English Army” and notes that in Thomas D. Leonard’s lifetime, Robert’s discharge papers from the English army were in the possession of his uncle Griffith James Leonard, son of Thomas Leonard and Hannah James. Thomas D. Leonard states that he had seen the discharge papers. As the posting linked at the head of this paragraph also notes, Thomas D. Leonard grew up knowing his grandparents Thomas and Hannah James Leonard both of whom died after Thomas D. Leonard reached young adulthood, and it’s clear that much of his information about the first generation of this family in America comes from their testimony.

    1855 tax list, Cherokee County, Texas, p. 25A, available digitally at FamilySearch Ibid., close-up

    A prefatory note about Thomas Lewis Leonard’s name: a number of published family trees and other published sources both in print and online give Thomas the middle name Alfred. His name appears in almost every document I’ve found as simply Thomas Leonard. However, the 1855 tax list of Cherokee County, Texas, shows him with the middle name Lewis: his name is written as Thomas Lewis Linard in this document.[10] It’s clear that the man with this name on this 1855 tax list is Thomas Leonard (1781-1870); his son Thomas Jr., who was born in 1829, is enumerated next to Thomas Lewis Leonard with the junior designation next to his name. This tax listing also states that Thomas Lewis Linard/Leonard was being taxed as guardian of the heirs of M. Johnson. Thomas Leonard’s daughter Maria, who married Marmaduke Johnson, died in Cherokee County on 20 September 1848, and as we’ll see down the road, in December 1849, Cherokee County court gave her father Thomas Leonard guardianship of her minor children, though their father was still living.

    South Carollna Years, 1786-1808

    I noted previously that Thomas D. Leonard’s manuscript states that following their marriage about 1775, Thomas Leonard and wife Hannah James lived a few years in Maryland, where they married, having a number of children born to them there, and then moved to South Carolina. The manuscript does not date the family’s move from Washington County, Maryland, to Ninety-Six (later Pendleton) District, South Carolina. But we can fairly well pinpoint the Leonard family’s arrival in South Carolina from a plat for 160 acres on the Big Generostee in Ninety-Six District that was made for Thomas Leonard (Linard in this document) on 9 February 1786.[11] The grant for this land was made to Thomas (again, with his surname spelled Linard) on 6 November 1786.[12]

    South Carolina Plat Books (Charleston Series), vol. 16, p. 35

    The 1786 arrival date in South Carolina concurs with information reported by the families of two sisters of Hannah James Leonard whose families moved to South Carolina along with Thomas and Hannah Leonard. Both the family of Hannah’s sister Gwendolyn, who married Samuel Dean, and of her sister Mary, who married Harmon Cummings, state that these families came to South Carolina from Washington County, Maryland, with the Leonard family in 1786.[13] The 1790 federal census of Pendleton District, South Carolina, confirms that these three families had settled near each other by that date in what had now become Pendleton District.[14] A 4 May 1826 deed that Samuel Dean made to his son Moses for 330 acres on Mountain Creek of the Big Generostee tells us that Samuel’s land shared a dividing line with land owned by Thomas Leonard prior to Thomas’ removal to Tennessee.[15]

    12 September 1800 power of attorney of Honor Leonard, Thomas Leonard, Robert Leonard, and Colin Campbell to James Irwin of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, in possession of descendant Leonard Wilson of Petersburg, Tennessee, up to 1972

    In the latter part of 1793, Griffith James and wife Mary would join their children who had moved to South Carolina and would settle among them. It also appears that when the children of Robert Leonard and wife Honor Pritchard moved in 1786 from Maryland to South Carolina — Thomas Leonard was joined in the move by brothers William and Robert and sister Mary Ann with husband Colin Campbell — their widowed mother Honor accompanied them. A 12 September 1800 document preserved by their descendants in Marshall County, Tennessee, shows Honor Leonard and sons Thomas and Robert, along with Colin Campbell, giving power of attorney to James Irwin in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, to represent them as they claimed a land grant for Robert Leonard Sr.’s Revolutionary service. The power of attorney states that Robert Leonard was a lieutenant in the Maryland regiment and that he was killed at General Gates’ defeat in South Carolina (i.e., at the battle of Camden in August 1780), and that the signatories were living in Pendleton District, South Carolina, when they signed this power of attorney.[16]

    Thomas Lewis Leonard would have been five years old when his family moved from Maryland to South Carolina. He came of age in the South Carolina upcountry in northwest South Carolina in what became Pendleton District in 1789 and later became Anderson County. As a previous posting notes, about 1800 in Pendleton District Thomas married Sarah M. Lauderdale, daughter of John Lauderdale and Milbury Mauldin. No marriage record appears to be extant. This date is based on the birth of Thomas and Sarah’s first child, their daughter Aletha, in 1803. Sarah’s father John Lauderdale began acquiring land on the Big Generostee in Ninety-Six District in November 1786.[17] The 1800 federal census of Pendleton District suggests that the Leonard and Lauderdale families lived not far apart from each other: the families are enumerated on consecutive pages.[18]

    As a previous posting states (naming Thomas Lewis Leonard’s father as Robert, instead of Thomas, his correct name), “Thomas, the 2nd son of Robert and Hannah Leonard married Sarah Lauderdale in So Carolina, moved to Lincoln Co Tn with his father in 1806.”[19] It’s possible that the Leonard family had begun to prepare for its move to Lincoln County, Tennessee, in 1806, but a deed that Thomas Leonard made in Pendleton District on 29 January 1808 states that Thomas was still living there on that date: Thomas sold William Glenn 506 acres in Pendleton District with the deed stating that both parties were living there.[20] Thomas’ wife Hannah relinquished her dower rights in the land on 15 February 1808, an indicator that the family was selling its homeplace and moving away, and on the same day, Thomas’ brother-in-law Colin Campbell, husband of Thomas’ sister Mary Ann Leonard, who had witnessed the deed, proved it. Thomas signed this deed, with wife Hannah using her mark.[21]

    Tennessee Years, 1808-1808

    It seems clear that the Leonard family had arrived in Lincoln County by 21 September 1809 when Thomas Leonard — this is, it seems to me, the elder Thomas who was father of Thomas Lewis Leonard — bought 640 acres on the north branch of the Elk River from Anthony Foster, with sons Griffith and Thomas (Lewis) Leonard witnessing the deed and proving it at May court 1810.[22] A land entry recorded by Charles Gibson on 14 April 1811 at the head of Cane Creek and the north Branch of Elk River states that the land Gibson was entering joined land on which Thomas Leonard was living at that time, which had originally been granted to Anthony Foster.[23] When Robert Leonard, son of the elder Thomas, entered 40 acres on the head of Pigeon Roost, a branch of Cane Creek on 16 April 1818, the entry again stated that Thomas Leonard was living on adjoining land acquired from Anthony Foster.[24]

    Lincoln County, Tennessee, Bk. A, pp. 43-4

    I think it’s possible, but don’t have certain proof of this, that Thomas Leonard’s son Thomas Lewis Leonard was farming with his father Thomas at this point and living with his family on the same 640-acre tract his father had bought from Anthony Foster in September 1809. Lincoln County court minutes on 28 August 1811 show Thomas Leonard Sr. being ordered by the county court to oversee a road from Robert Leonard’s to Gibson’s Gap, with hands to work under him including his sons Thomas (i.e., Thomas Lewis Leonard), Hezekiah, Griffith, and Samuel Leonard.[25] Madison County, Mississippi Territory, records suggest that Thomas’ second son John had relocated to north Alabama by this point, and Lincoln County records suggest that the oldest son, Robert, was living with his family independently of his father in 1811. Thomas Lewis Leonard was the next son after John, and was followed by brothers Hezekiah, Samuel, Griffith James, and Colin Campbell Leonard.

    After his move to Limestone County, Alabama, in 1818, Thomas Lewis Leonard made two deeds for land in Lincoln County, Tennessee, to his uncle Colin Campbell in August 1822 that allow us to locate some valuable information about this Thomas in Lincoln County records before he left Tennessee for Alabama. This information is all the more helpful when many Lincoln County documents in the period 1808-1818 do not use the Sr. or Jr. designation for the two Thomas Leonards who were of age in those years.

    Lincoln County, Tennessee, Deed Bk. B, pp. 226-7

    On 16 August 1822, Thomas Leonard made two deeds to Colin Campbell for tracts of 135 acres and 20 acres in Lincoln County, Tennessee.[26] The two deeds recording this land sale both state that Thomas Leonard was living in Limestone County, Alabama, when he sold the land. So this tells us that the Thomas deeding the land was Thomas Lewis Leonard and not his father Thomas Leonard. Both pieces of land were on the headwaters of Cane Creek. These deeds were witnessed by Thomas Lewis Leonard’s brother Griffith James Moore and brother-in-law William Depriest Moore, husband of Thomas and Griffith’s sister Hannah Leonard.

    Tennessee Land Grant Bk. S, pp. 868-9

    A Tennessee land grant dated 24 March 1822 shows Thomas Leonard being granted the 135-acre tract on that date, and another grant dated 27 March 1822 records his grant of the 20-acre tract.[27] The grant for the 135 acres states that this land was assigned to Thomas Leonard by the heirs of John R. Stephenson, who had a warrant (no. 3947) for 640 acres on 23 Feb 1796. The 640 acres were entered 27 July 1820 (entry no. 11598) and surveyed 17 August 1820.

    The 20-acre tract was assigned to Thomas Leonard by John Whitaker, who had a grant of 1,200 acres (warrant no. 568) on 24 June 1784. The 1,200 acres were entered 27 June 1820 (entry no. 11583) and surveyed 28 June 1820. This survey document shows this land adjoining Anthony Foster’s land on which Thomas’ father Thomas Leonard lived along with a widow Campbell who must have been, I’m assuming, the wife of a William Campbell named mentioned below; Thomas Leonard’s brother-in-law Colin Campbell died 27 May 1832, so this is not Colin’s widow Mary Ann Leonard Campbell.[28]

    Tennessee Land Entries 1812-3, series 2, p. 213 Tennessee Land Entries 1811, unpaginated

    Though the 27 March 1822 grant to Thomas Leonard states that John Whitaker entered this land on 27 June 1820, Tennessee land entry books for 1812-3 show Thomas Leonard entering the 20 acres on 12 January 1813.[29] A second entry of the 20 acres by Thomas Leonard dated 26 June 1820 is recorded in a later entry book.[30] The survey for the 20-acre dated 28 June 182- says that the land was on the waters of Cane Creek, a north branch of Elk River, near land claimed by Anthony Foster and William Campbell.[31]  The 24 March 1822 grant of the 135-acre tract to Thomas Leonard states that the land joined land granted to Joshua Lawrence. When Thomas’ father, the elder Thomas Leonard (1752-1832) bought 640 acres from Anthony Foster in September 1809, the deed for this land stated that it bordered land granted to Joshua Lawrence.

    This chain of land documents suggests that soon after Thomas Lewis Leonard arrived in Lincoln County, Tennessee, with his father and siblings, along with his father’s brother Robert and sister Mary Ann with husband Colin Campbell, and the family matriarch Honor Leonard, Thomas Lewis Leonard entered land by in January 1813 next to land that his father Thomas had bought in September 1809. After leaving Tennessee in 1818, Thomas Lewis Leonard sold this land to his uncle Colin Campbell in August 1822. If Thomas Lewis Leonard farmed with his father during the years in which he and his family resided in Lincoln County — 1808-1818 — he may have lived on his father’s 640-acre tract. Otherwise, the two tracts that Thomas Lewis Leonard sold to Colin Campbell in 1822 may have been his homeplace in the decade in which he lived in Lincoln County, in which his wife Sarah Lauderdale Leonard gave birth to four daughters — Cynthia, Matilda Caroline, Maria W., and Minerva D. Leonard. Prior to moving to Tennessee, in South Carolina, the couple had three daughters born to them: Aletha R., Hannah, and Milbury.

    In my next posting, I’ll pick up the story of Thomas Lewis Leonard from the point at which he left Tennessee for Alabama in 1818.

    [1] 1850 federal census, Cherokee County, Texas, p. 876 (dwelling and family 474; 7th November); 1860 federal census, Cherokee County, Texas, beat 1, Rusk post office, p. 411 (dwelling and family 27; 4 June).

    [2] Thomas Dunlap Leonard, “Biography of the Leonards” (1883 manuscript now circulated as typescript; present whereabouts are not known).

    [3] See J. Thomas Scharf, History of Western Maryland: Being a History of Frederick, Montgomery, Carroll, Washington, Allegany, and Garrett Counties, etc., vol. 2 (Philadelphia: L.H. Everts, 1882), pp. 1189-1190.

    [4] The Dean home tract, Hunting the Hare, and Griffith James’ home tract, Pough, were across from each other on present-day Burnside Bridge Road close to its intersection with present-day Mills Road just outside Sharpsburg to the southeast. I visited this area in August 2007 and took photos of both pieces of land.

    [5] See Frederick County, Maryland, Deed Bk. J, pp. 798-802, stating that Chapline had sold 215 acres to Daniel Moore and Griffith James. On Joseph Chapline and the founding of Sharpsburg, see Edward C. Papenfuse, A Biographical Dictionary of the Maryland Legislature, 1635-1789 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1979); Lee and Barbara Barron, The History of Sharpsburg, Maryland, Founded by Joseph Chapline 1763 (1972), pp. 8f; Maria J. Liggett Dare, Chaplines from Maryland and Virginia (priv. publ., 1902); and Thomas J.C. Williams, A History of Washington County, Maryland, etc., vol. 1 (Hagerstown, 1906; repr. Baltimore: Regional Publishing Company, 1968), pp. 23-4.

    [6] See Henry C. Peden Jr., Revolutionary Patriots of Washington County, Maryland 1776-1783 (Westminster, Maryland: Family Line, 1998), p. 210, citing “Proceedings of the Committee of Observation for Elizabeth Town District [Washington County],” Maryland Historical Magazine 12 (1917), p. 270; and Williams, A History of Washington County, p. 1189. Thomas Leonard’s sister Mary Ann married Colin Campbell at Hagerstown on 27 July 1780, and Hannah’s sister Mary James married Harmon Cummings 7 September 1779 at Hagerstown. Both couples were married by Reverend George Mitchell of Hagerstown.

    [7] Henry C. Peden Jr., Marylanders and Delawareans in the French and Indian War 1756-1763 (Lewes, Delaware: Colonial Roots, 2004).

    [8] Frederick County, Maryland, Land Record Bk. E, pp. 659-660. The farmer’s name appears in this document as both Robert Bowies and William Byard.

    [9] Peden Jr., Marylanders and Delawareans in the French and Indian War 1756-1763, p. 54.

    [10] 1855 tax list, Cherokee County, Texas, p. 25A, available digitally at FamilySearch.

    [11] South Carolina Plat Books (Charleston Series), vol. 16, p. 35; and Ninety-Six District, South Side of Saluda, Commissioner of Locations Plat Bk. B, p. 113, giving the plat date as 21st February. The same page has a plat to Thomas Leonard’s brother William dated 22 February.

    [12] South Carolina Grant Bk. 15, p. 416.

    [13] See Beverly Dean Peoples and Ralph Terry Dean, Country Cousins: Descendants of Samuel Dean, 2nd ed. (Franklin, North Carolina: Genealogy Publishing Service, 2001), p. 5; and Louise Ayer Vandiver, Traditions and History of Anderson County (Atlanta: Ruralist, 1928), pp. 71-2, both citing oral tradition handed down by Gwendolyn James Dean and Harmon Cummings to their descendants.

    [14] 1790 federal census, Pendleton District, South Carolina, p. 6.

    [15] Anderson County, South Carolina, Deed Bk. R, p. 482.

    [16] I have not found this power of attorney in records of either Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, or Anderson County, South Carolina. The original, of which I have a photocopy and digital copy, was owned by descendant Leonard Wilson of Petersburg, Tennessee, up to 1972, when he died. I do not know its whereabouts at present.

    [17] South Carolina State Plat Bk. 21 (Charleston Series), p. 8. It’s clear that Thomas Lewis Leonard was of age and married by 21 November 1804 when his father Thomas made a deed in Pendleton District to Samuel Copeland using the suffix senior for his name: Pendleton District, South Carolina, Deed Bk. I & J, p. 123.

    [18] 1800 federal census, Pendleton District, South Carolina, pp. 110A (Thomas Leonard) and 111A (John Lauderdale).

    [19] The claim that the Leonard family moved from Pendleton District, South Carolina, to Lincoln County, Tennessee, appears in various published sources, but without documentation that I have seen: see, e.g., J. Lester Wolfe, “Thomas Leonard,” in Heritage of Lincoln County, Tennessee (Waynesville, North Carolina: County Heritage, 2005), p. 414. A number of Leonard researchers have reported in family trees and published articles that the Leonard family received a grant for Robert Leonard’s Revolutionary War service on Cane Creek in Lincoln (later Marshall) County, Tennessee, in 1806, but I have not seen corroboration of that grant.

    [20] Pendleton District, South Carolina, Deed Bk. I & J, p. 278. It appears that litigation ensued over this land sale: Pendleton District Judgment Rolls for a case numbered 886 show that in 1810, Thomas Leonard filed suit to recover a debt of $200 owed him by John McClure and Colin Campbell. At issue was a note McClure had made to William Glenn and which Glenn then assigned to Thomas Leonard in November 1808, evidently as partial payment for the land Leonard sold Glenn. I think it’s possible that Colin Campbell was party to the suit because he had gone surety with McClure re: the note given in payment to Thomas Leonard. The case file shows Thomas Leonard appearing in Pendleton court in October 1810. I suspect he had already settled in Tennessee and had returned to South Carolina for this court hearing. An 8 February 1812 deed in Pendleton District notes that Patrick Norris had sold Ezekiel Pickens 140 acres on Oolenoy Creek of the Saluda on 7 October 1811, pursuant to an October 1810 judgment for Thomas Leonard in a suit of Thomas Leonard vs. John McClure (Anderson County, South Carolina, Deed Bk. M, p. 33). On Patrick Norris and Ezekiel Pickens, see here. Patrick Norris was a son of Robert Norris and Jean/Jane Ewing who married Rachel, daughter of William Calhoun and Agnes Long. William Calhoun was a brother of Ezekiel Calhoun, who was Jean/Jane Ewing’s husband prior to Robert Norris. Ezekiel Pickens was a son of Andrew Pickens and Rebecca Calhoun, a daughter of Ezekiel Calhoun and Jean/Jane Ewing.

    [21] As a previous posting has noted, Leonard researcher Sue Cooper suggests that Thomas Leonard and his brothers Robert and William may actually have moved initially from South Carolina to Sumner County, Tennessee. She bases this conjecture on the fact that a store ledger of an unidentified Sumner County merchant she has seen shows these three men with accounts in 1806-7. It’s well documented that Thomas and his brother Robert did settle with their mother Honor and with brother-in-law Campbell in Lincoln (later Marshall) County, Tennessee, but it can also be shown that William died testate in Anderson County, South Carolina, in March 1811: see Anderson County, South Carolina, Will Bk. A, pp. 129-130. Note that an article in the Fayetteville [Tennessee] Observer entitled “In the Ground Eighty Years,” published 8 November 1894, says that S.J. Leonard of Petersburg had stated that his father Griffith J. Leonard came to Cane Creek in Lincoln County (later Marshall County) in 1808 (p. 2, col. 3). The article was originally published in the Petersburg Enterprise. S.J. Leonard was Samuel James Leonard, son of Griffith James Leonard, brother to Thomas Lewis Leonard.

    [22] Lincoln County, Tennessee, Bk. A, pp. 43-4. This deed states that Thomas Leonard was in Bedford County (adjoining Lincoln on the north) when the deed was made.

    [23] Lincoln County, Tennessee, Land Entries Series 2, 1817-1823, p. 77.

    [24] Ibid., p. 132

    [25] Lincoln County, Tennessee, Court Minutes Bk. 1, pp. 120-1.

    [26] Lincoln County, Tennessee, Deed Bk. B, pp. 226-7. And see North Carolina-Tennessee Land Grant Bk. S, p. 868, warrant no. 3847.

    [27] Tennessee Land Grant Bk. S, pp. 868-9, grants 16803 and 16820.

    [28] Tennessee Plats and Surveys, 1817-1821, series 3, p. 401.

    [29] Tennessee Land Entries 1812-3, series 2, p. 213, entry no. 4877. This same date is stated in Tennessee Land Entries 1811, unpaginated, arranged by entry date.

    [30] Tennessee Land Entries 1817-1823, series 2, p. 273.

    [31] Tennessee Plats and Surveys 1817-1821, series 3, p. 401.

    #AlethaLeonard #AlethaRLeonard #AndersonCoSouthCarolina #AnthonyFoster #BattleOfCamdenSouthCarolina #BedfordCoTennessee #BigGenerosteeCreekPendletonDistSouthCarolina #CaneCreekLincolnCoTennessee #CaneCreekMarshallCoTennessee #CharlesGibson #CherokeeCoTexas #ColinCampbell #ColinCampbellLeonard #CumberlandCoPennsylvania #CynthiaLeonard #DanielMoore #ElizabethtownFrederickCoMaryland #ElizabethtownWashingtonCoMaryland #ElkRiverLincolnCoTennessee #familyHistory #FortFrederickWashingtonCoMaryland #genealogy #GriffithJames #GriffithJamesLeonard #GwendolynJames #HagerstownWashingtonCoMaryland #HannahJames #HannahLeonard #HarmonCummings #HezekiahLeonard #history #HonorPritchard #HoratioGates #JamesIrwin #JohnDagworthy #JohnLauderdale #JohnLeonard #JohnRStephenson #JohnWhitaker #JosephChapline #JoshuaLawrence #LimestoneCoAlabama #LincolnCoTennessee #MadisonCoMississippiTerritory #MariaWLeonard #MarmadukeJohnson #MaryAnnLeonard #MaryJames #MatildaCarolineLeonard #MilburyLeonard #MilburyMauldin #MinervaDLeonard #MosesDean #NinetySixDistSouthCarolina #NinetySixDistSouthCarolina #PendletonDistSouthCarolina #PetersburgMarshallCoTennessee #RichardMoor #RobertLeonard #SamuelDean #SamuelLeonard #SarahMLauderdale #SharpsburgWashingtonCoMaryland #ThomasDean #ThomasDunlapLeonard #ThomasLeonard #ThomasLewisLeonard #WashingtonCoMaryland #WilliamCampbell #WilliamDepriestMoore #WilliamGlenn #WilliamLeonard
  3. Aletha R. Leonard (abt. 1803 – abt. 1845), Wife of James G. Birdwell

    Thomas Dunlap Leonard, “Biography of the Leonards” (manuscript transcribed as typescript, 1883)

    Or, Subtitled: “That James Birdwell and Lethe Birdwell his wife have both departed this life”

    With my last posting about James Lauderdale (abt. 1707 – 1796/7), I’ve drawn to a close, for now at least, my series of postings on my Lauderdale family line. With this posting, I’m inaugurating a new series about another of my ancestral lines, one that ties into the Lauderdale line through the marriage of Thomas Lewis Leonard and Sarah M. Lauderdale. Two charts at my initial posting in my Lauderdale series show my descent from that marriage through Thomas and Sarah’s daughter Aletha R. Leonard (abt. 1803 – abt. 1845), who married James G. Birdwell, son of Moses Birdwell about 1819 in Limestone County, Alabama. (To read the rest of this posting, please click the numeral 2 below.)

    I’m now going to turn my attention to the Leonard ancestral line. I’m beginning my series on that family line by talking about Aletha Leonard. In addition to the postings I’ve linked in the paragraph above, you can find information about Aletha in two postings I’ve made previously about her husband James G. Birdwell:

    James G. Birdwell (1795-1849): Georgia and Alabama Years

    James G. Birdwell (1795-1849): Louisiana Years

    First a note about Aletha’s given name: it appears in various documents as Aletha, Alitha, Lethe, and Leatha, the latter two renditions obviously nicknames. According to E.G. Withycombe, the given name Alethea or Alithea is the English transliteration of the Greek word for “truth,” and was used as a given name in England from the 17th century.[1] Withycombe notes that the name has been spelled in various ways in the centuries in which it’s been used as a female surname in the British Isles and elsewhere. 

    George R. Stewart’s American Given Names has essentially the same information, though Stewart says, curiously, that Alethea “may not actually exist in the American name-pool.”[2] If Stewart means to say that this specific spelling — Alethea — hasn’t been common in the US, he might be correct. But with the spelling Aletha, this name has frequently been used in the US as a female given name: the 1850 federal census lists 342 Alethas (a few with the census taker spelling the name Eletha). This given name has been far from uncommon in American families. Aletha Leonard Birdwell’s grandmother Milbury Mauldin Lauderdale had a sister Frances (husband Burgess Reeves) who named a daughter Aletha, and in that family line, the given name passes down repeatedly. I suspect that the name Aletha came to Thomas Lewis Leonard and wife Sarah M. Lauderdale, in fact, from Sarah’s aunt Frances Mauldin Reeves. Her Aletha was born in 1785, and this family lived in Pendleton District, South Carolina, as did Thomas and Sarah for the first years of their marriage, in which their daughter Aletha, their oldest child, was born.

    In the first of the two postings about James G. Birdwell for which I’ve provided links above, I cite an 1883 manuscript written by a first cousin of Aletha Leonard Birdwell’s father Thomas Lewis Leonard, which contains a piece of biographical information about James Birdwell and wife Aletha Leonard. As that posting explains, the primary author of this manuscript, which is entitled “Biography of the Leonards,” was Thomas Dunlap Leonard (1810-1888), a son of Robert Leonard, a brother of Aletha’s father Thomas Lewis Leonard. About James Birdwell and Aletha Leonard, Thomas Dunlap Leonard has the following to say:

    Thomas and Sally Leonard’s oldest child, a daughter named Alitha was born in So Carolina about the year 1803. She was married to James Birdwell in Limestone Co Al, a farmer. He was a sober, steady man of good habits and of good family. Moses Birdwell, his father, I was well acquainted with and know him to be a good citizen. James Birdwell came to Louisiana, east of the Red River in 1840 where he and Alitha died in a few years, having 3 daughters that had md. and 4 younger sons that were not gôrwn [sic] All was of good habits. I have not known anything of then for 40 years.

    As the previously linked posting indicates, Thomas Dunlap Leonard’s manuscript was at some point transcribed as a typescript (of 28 single-spaced pages) and that’s the only format in which I’ve read it, as it has circulated for years among Leonard researchers. Thomas completed the manuscript in 1883 while living with his cousin Elizabeth Frances Leonard Norris in Waller County, Texas, and after this, Joseph J. Gill, husband of Thomas’ first cousin Angelina Moore, made some brief additions to the work in 1884. I have been unable to find the whereabouts of the original.

    The manuscript notes that Thomas D. Leonard grew up in Tennessee knowing his grandparents Thomas Leonard (1752-1832) and Hannah James (1752-1842), both of whom died after he had grown to manhood. Thomas and Hannah, both native Marylanders, moved their family with Thomas’ mother Honor Pritchard Leonard from South Carolina to Lincoln County, Tennessee, in or about 1808, settling near what is now the town of Petersburg in Marshall County, which was formed from Lincoln. Thomas D. Leonard’s manuscript gathers information about this Leonard family from the generation of the immigrant ancestors Robert Leonard and wife Honor Pritchard, noting that Robert was an English soldier who lived in Maryland and was killed during the Revolution (as a Maryland soldier) at the battle of Camden in August 1780.

    It’s clear that much of the information about the immigrant generation of this Leonard family recorded by Thomas D. Leonard comes from oral history his grandfather Thomas Leonard, son of Robert and Honor Leonard, and his grandmother Hannah shared with him. Information on subsequent generations seems to have been carefully compiled by Thomas D. Leonard over the course of his life as he lived among, interacted with and visited, and corresponded with far-flung branches of this Leonard family. In comparing what Thomas D. Leonard says about the various lines of this Leonard family with documented sources, I’ve found that his history is remarkably reliable. He knew the people he was talking about, and knew them well.

    In the case of Thomas D. Leonard’s uncle Thomas Lewis Leonard, father of Aletha Leonard Birdwell, not only did Thomas live near his uncle’s family in Tennessee, but Thomas D.’s father Robert Leonard followed his brother Thomas Lewis Leonard in moving from Tennessee to north Alabama, and Thomas D. Leonard knew the family of his uncle Thomas Lewis Leonard in Alabama, too.

    As noted in a previous posting, Thomas D. Leonard’s manuscript states that his uncle Thomas and wife Sarah M. Lauderdale moved their family from South Carolina to Tennessee in 1806. I find this family in the records of Pendleton District, South Carolina, where Thomas and Sarah’s daughter Aletha was born about 1803, up to 1808. Immediately following the Revolution, the widowed mother of the Leonard family, Honor Pritchard Leonard, moved from Sharpsburg, Washington County, Maryland, to Pendleton District, South Carolina, with her sons, including Thomas Leonard (1752-1832) and wife Hannah James. As we’ve seen, in about 1800 in Pendleton District, Thomas and Hannah’s son Thomas Lewis Leonard (1781-1780), father of Aletha Leonard, married Sarah M. Lauderdale, a daughter of John Lauderdale and Milbury Mauldin, who was born in Wilkes County, Georgia. Thomas D. Leonard’s manuscript notes that after moving from South Carolina to Tennessee, in 1818 Thomas Lewis Leonard then moved his family to Limestone County, Alabama.

    Aletha Leonard spent the first few years of her life, then, living in Pendleton District, South Carolina, then spent her girlhood in what was then Lincoln County, Tennessee, and later Marshall County, and during her teen years, her father moved the family from Tennessee to Limestone County, Alabama, where Aletha married James G. Birdwell prior to 8 January 1820.

    Deed of Thomas Leonard (Linard) to James Birdwell, Limestone County, Alabama, Deed Bk. 5, p. 107

    Aletha and husband James Birdwell lived the first several years of their married life in Limestone County, having four children born to them in that county: Elvira, Hannah, John B., and Dewitt Clinton Birdwell. In 1830, James and Aletha moved their family to Jackson County, Alabama, which had been created from the Cherokee Cession in 1819 and joins Madison County on the east. During the years they spent in Jackson County from 1831-6, on 9 May 1836 in Limestone County, Aletha’s father Thomas Leonard deeded to James Birdwell for love and affection an enslaved boy named Alexander, nine years old.[3] The deed of gift states that James was Thomas’ son-in-law through marriage to Thomas’ daughter, whose name appears as Leatha here. Thomas proved the deed on the day it was made before John Gammel Lauderdale, a justice of the peace who was his brother-in-law, brother of Thomas’ wife Sarah M. Lauderdale.

    Deed of James and Aletha Birdwell to John Kirkland, Marshall County, Alabama, Deed Bk. B, pp. 55-6

    While living in Jackson County, James and Aletha Birdwell had three more children born to them: Thomas, Camilla, and Frances C. From 1836 to 1839, James and Aletha Birdwell lived in Marshall County, Alabama, which was formed in 1836 from Blount and Jackson Counties and the Creek Cession. On 30 November 1839 in Marshall County, James and wife Aletha sold to John Kirkland tracts of land that James’ father Moses Birdwell had patented in Jackson County in 1830, which had fallen into Marshall County at that county’s formation.[4] This land appears to have come into James’ hands due to a debt Moses had incurred to his son James. The deed suggests to me that James and Aletha had probably been living on and farming this land since the first part of the 1830s. This document was signed by James and Aletha, James signing and Aletha (who is called Letha R. Birdwell in the deed) making her mark. The deed states that James and Aletha were in Madison County at the time it was made.

    It’s clear to me that, with this land sale and their temporary relocation to Madison County, James and Aletha were in the process of moving their family to Louisiana when they sold their Alabama land. As noted previously, Thomas Dunlap Leonard says that the Birdwell family moved to Louisiana from Alabama in 1840. Prior to James and Aletha’s sale of their Marshall County land in November 1839, in May 1839, Aletha’s father Thomas Lewis Leonard had sold his land in Limestone County, Alabama, and moved to Texas, with court records stating that he had “absconded” from the county in May 1839 – that is, he left debts behind. GTT — Gone to Texas— the deed and court books of north Alabama counties often note in this period when planters ruined by the economic bust of the first part of the 1830s upped stakes and went west, frequently leaving unresolved debts .…

    As we’ve seen previously, the 1840 federal census confirms Thomas Dunlap Leonard’s information that by 1840 the family of James Birdwell had settled east of the Red River in Louisiana. This census enumerates the family in Natchitoches Parish, which was, in 1840, a large parish in northwest Louisiana through which the Red River ran. As the posting I’ve just linked states, all indicators suggest that James Birdwell settled his family in a portion of Natchitoches Parish that in 1870 became Red River Parish, and whose western boundary is the Red River.

    The 1840 census shows James Birdwell’s family with two males 5-9, one male 10-14, and one male 40-49, as well as one female under 5, one female 5-9, two females 15-19, and one female 30-39.[5]  Also in the household are fifteen enslaved persons, one male under 10, two males 10-24, one male 24-36, two males 36-55, three females under 10, two females 10-24, two females 24-36, one female 36-55, and one female 55-100.

    I’ve puzzled over this census enumeration of fifteen enslaved persons in James Birdwell’s household in 1840. The 1830 federal census shows him holding no enslaved people. As we’ve seen, in 1836, Aletha’s father deeded an enslaved boy named Alexander to James and Aletha, and the combined succession record of James and Aletha in DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, dating from 1850, shows only one enslaved person in the estate, a boy named Benton.

    As I’ve thought about the listing of fifteen enslaved persons in James Birdwell’s household in 1840, I’ve realized that the 1830 federal census listing for Thomas Lewis Leonard in Limestone County, Alabama, shows Thomas holding fourteen enslaved persons, with one free man of color also found in the household.[6] Then in 1840, after Thomas Lewis Leonard had arrived in Texas, the 1840 census of the Republic of Texas shows Thomas settled in Houston (later Cherokee) County, Texas, with 1,420 acres of land and fifteen enslaved persons.[7] Thomas Leonard sold his Alabama land in May 1839 and James Birdwell followed suit in November 1839. I suspect the two families went west together, or Thomas preceded his son-in-law James Birdwell and wife Aletha by a few months, settling in what would become Cherokee County where he and wife Sarah M. Lauderdale Leonard would die. For whatever reason, it seems to me that the enslaved persons of Thomas Lewis Leonard were placed in the hands of James Birdwell in Louisiana until both families were fully settled in their new homeplaces.

    Hardin Harville’s appeal to administer succession of James and Aletha Leonard Birdwell, 2 April 1850, DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, succession file no. 159;

    Thomas D. Leonard states that both James and wife Aletha died “in a few years” after they moved to Louisiana in 1840. As a previous posting notes, James’ death is recorded in the 1850 federal mortality schedule for DeSoto Parish, which states that he died in that parish of cholera in December 1849.[8] On 2 April 1850, Hardin Harville, husband of James and Aletha’s daughter Hannah, filed an appeal to administer the combined succession of James and Aletha in DeSoto Parish.[9] The appeal for administration states that James Birdwell had recently died in DeSoto Parish and that his wife Lethe had predeceased him, dying in Natchitoches Parish.

    It appears that Aletha died around the time of the birth of her last child, Mary Ann, who was born in 1845. It’s possible, I think, that Aletha died giving birth to Mary Ann, though I have no information to prove (or disprove) that deduction. Between 1845-8, James then moved to DeSoto Parish, where, as stated above, he died in December 1849.

    Note of permission by John Birdwell for marriage of sister Camilla to Ezekiel S. Green, Pointe Coupee Parish, Louisiana, 1 January 1853 (loose-papers marriage file, Pointe Coupee Parish)

    While James Birdwell and wife Aletha were living in Natchitoches Parish, their last two children, daughters Sophronia and Mary Ann, were born. Thomas Dunlap Leonard says that James and Aletha had four sons. I’ve found documentary evidence of only three sons, and have concluded that Thomas D. Leonard is mistaken in thinking there was a fourth son. James and Aletha’s combined succession file lists six minor children including DeWitt Clinton Birdwell born about 1831) and Thomas (born 18 June 1832). We know that John B. Birdwell (who was born 1 July 1828) was also a son of James Birdwell and Aletha Leonard, because, when his sister Camilla married Ezekiel Samuel Green in Pointe Coupee Parish on 2 January 1853, John wrote a permission note, as head of her family, for Camilla’s marriage on 1 January, stating that Camilla was his sister.

    The 1830 federal census shows only one male under five in the household of James and Aletha Birdwell in Limestone County, Alabama.[10] This is clearly their son John. As we’ve just seen, the 1840 census enumerates in James Birdwell’s household in Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, two males 5-9, and one male 10-14. These are John B. again with his two younger brothers Dewitt Clinton and Thomas. As far as I can determine, there were no other sons than these three born to James Birdwell and Aletha Leonard.

    [1] E.G. Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names (New York: Oxford University Press, 1977), p. 12.

    [2] George R. Stewart, American Given Names ((New York: Oxford University Press, 1979), p. 54.

    [3] Limestone County, Alabama, Deed Bk. 5, p. 107. Thomas Leonard’s surname is given as Linard in this deed.

    [4] Marshall County, Alabama, Deed Bk. B, pp. 55-6.

    [5] 1840 federal census, Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana, p. 173.

    [6] 1830 federal census, Limestone County, Alabama, p. 11B.

    [7] See Gifford White, 1840 Census of the Republic of Texas (Austin: Pemberton, 1966), p. 79.

    [8] 1850 federal mortality schedule, DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, p. 168, l. 11.

    [9] DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, succession file no. 159; and DeSoto Parish, Louisiana, Succession Bk. D, pp. 643-650.

    [10] 1830 federal census, Limestone County, Alabama, p. 42A.

    #AlethaLeonard #AlethaRLeonard #ancestry #AngelinaMoore #BattleOfCamdenSouthCarolina #BlountCoAlabama #BurgessReeves #CamillaBirdwell #CherokeeCoTexas #DeSotoPshLouisiana #DewittClintonBirdwell #ElizabethFrancesLeonard #ElviraBirdwell #EnslavedBoyAlexander #EnslavedBoyBenton #EzekielSamuelGreen #familyHistory #FrancesCBirdwell #FrancesMauldin #genealogy #HannahBirdwell #HannahJames #HardinHarville #history #HonorPritchard #HoustonCoTexas #JacksonCoAlabama #JamesGBirdwell #JohnBBirdwell #JohnGammelLauderdale #JohnKirkland #JosephJGill #LimestoneCoAlabama #LincolnCoTennessee #MarshallCoAlabama #MarshallCoTennessee #MaryAnnBirdwell #MilburyMauldin #NatchitochesPshLouisiana #PendletonDistSouthCarolina #PetersburgMarshallCoTennessee #RobertLeonard #SarahMLauderdale #SharpsburgWashingtonCoMaryland #SophroniaBirdwell #ThomasBirdwell #ThomasDunlapLeonard #ThomasLeonard #ThomasLewisLeonard #WallerCoTexas
Share
Share on Mastodon

Enter the server where you have an account.