Supernovae come in two main kinds: core collapse in stars above roughly 8 solar masses, and thermonuclear runaway in white dwarfs (Type Ia). They produce much of the universe's oxygen, silicon, calcium and iron. Heavy r-process elements such as gold come largely from neutron star mergers, as GW170817 showed.
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https://psyll.com/articles/science/space-astronomy/supernovae-how-dying-stars-build-the-cosmos